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Gernot Hoffmann

CieLab-ValuesbyW.FaustIT8.7/2/R011220/Ref.D50/Brad-yes G.Hoffmann/November272004PostScript/sRGB/709primaries/whitepointD65/outofgamutmarkedbydot/graysequalizedR=G=B

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction 2

2. GeneralTestPage 4

3. IT8Target 5

4. CIELab/sRGBColorChart 8

5. CIELab/sRGBGrayscaleChart 9

6. GrayscaleConversions 12

7. Reflectance/Density/VisualDotArea 15

8. DotGain 17

9. BlackGeneration 19

10. Files 20

Color Printer Test Pages

SettingsforAcrobat

Edit/Preferences/General/PageDisplay(sinceversion6)

CustomResolution72dpi

Edit/Preferences/General/ColorManagement(fullversiononly)

sRGBEuroscaleCoatedorISOCoatedorSWOPGrayGamma2.2

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Purpose:page4demonstratesmanyfeaturesforallkindofcolorlaser,inkjetanddyesublimationprinters.Especiallyhelpfulfortestingaprintercalibration.

Printable area:pagealignmentandprintableareaareshownbythreeframes.

Gray balance:theRGBgraywedge1shouldbeprintedbyrichblackCMYK.Thiswedgeislinearbynumbers.At0.5wehaveR=G=B=128.Graywedge2(PostScript)shouldbeprintedbyK-only.Kislinearbynumbers.

Linearity and ink transition:smoothnessandlinearityofprimary inksCMYareshowntopleftbythreewedges.TransitionsofMagenta / LightMagentaandCyan/LightCyanforsix-color-printersarealsoshowntopleft.

Saturation:fullysaturatedcolorsonthefanandonthewheel.BlackL=0.0tomedi-umlightnessL=0.5andfromL=0.5toWhiteL=1.0.Hue,LightnessandSaturationaredefinedbytheHLScolorordersystem.LinearlycodedbynumbersinsRGB.

Ink limit:problemswithtoomuchinkareapparentattheblackendoftherichblackgraywedge,theblackpartsinthephotoandintheinklimitswatch300%.Dependingonthepaper,thetotalinklimitshouldnotbehigherthan300%or320%.

Black generation: Undercolor Removal UCR or Gray Component ReplacementGCRcanbetested.TheleftgrayportraitisRGBcodedandshouldbeprintedbyrichblack.Therightportraitisagrayscale,convertedfromtheRGBimageby20%dotgain.

General appearance:colorphoto,bottomlargeimage.

Rastered black text:textisprintedby100%,75%and50%K-only.

Color accuracy:pages5-7showanIT8scannertarget:page5codedbysRGBpage6byProPhotoRGBandpage7codedbyLab.ForsRGBsomecolorsareoutofgamut.ThesearemarkedbyadotandtheRGBvaluesareclipped.LoadinPhotoshopanypageinitsspecificcolorspaceandmeasu-reRGBandLabvalues.Thevaluesarecolorimetricallycorrectbutalittlerounded.Page8isusedsimilarly.

Gray accuracy:page9showsaCIELabgrayscalechart,codedbysRGB.ThiswillbeprintedmostlybyK-onlybecauseofaninternalinterpretationofR=G=B.Page10showsasimilarCIELabgrayscalechart.Bisalittlemodified.ThispageshouldbebeprintedalwaysbyCMYKrichblack,nearlyasneutralgray.Page11isdefinedasPostScriptgraphicwithvaluesK=0to100.

Grayscale conversions:chapter6.2showsseveralconversions.Images1to6aregrayscales,codedby1byteperpixel.Accordingtochapter8.1eachdotgaincanbereplacedbyanequivalentgamma.Images7and8areinCMYKwiththreeemptychannelsCMY,codedby4bytesperpixel.Animprovedworkflowisexplainedinchapter6.3.

�.� Introduction

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�.� Introduction

How to apply the test pages using a RIP (Raster Image Processor)

RGBsourcespace sRGB

CMYKsourcespace None

Destinationspace Actualprinterprofile

RenderingIntent RelativeColorimetric

Thisshouldshowallcomponentscorrectlyprinted.CMYKispassedthroughwithoutanychange.K-onlyshouldbeprintedbypureblack.

How to apply the test pages using Photoshop

Resumed

PrintingbyaRIPretainsallfeaturesofthetestpages.

PrintingbyPhotoshopshouldbedoneinRGBmode.Theresultiseasilyaffectedbywrongsettings.

Open document in CMYK working space

CMYKvaluesarecorrectlyindicated.RGBvaluesareconvertedtoCMYKusingtheactualcolorspaces.

ThismodecanbeusedforprintingbuttheRGBcomponentscannotbereproducedcorrectly.

Open document in RGB working space

RGBvaluesandLabvaluesarecorrectlyindicated.CMYKvaluesareconvertedtoRGBusingtheactualcolorspaces.K-onlycomponentsappearasrichblack(theCMYchannelsarenotempty).

ThismodecanbeusedforprintingbuttheCMYKcomponentscannotberepro-ducedcorrectly.

RGBcolorspace sRGB

CMYKspace EuroscaleCoated

Grayscale Gamma=2.2

Destinationspace Actualprinterprofile

RenderingIntent RelativeColorimetric

The settings for Acrobat (Reader)

Colorspaces sRGB/EuroscaleCoated/GrayGamma=2.2(seech.6.3)

Softproof Off

Thisdocumentdoesnothaveembeddedprofiles.

Thisdocumentdoeshaveaglobaloutputintent:sRGB.

Itshouldbeusedbynumbers.

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Nexttext75%black:Graywedge1shouldbeprintedbyrichblackCMYK.Graywedge2byK-only.Graywedge1hasalwaysatintuntiltheprinterisaccuratelycolorcalibrated.ThethreeCMYwedgesshouldbeprintedbypureinks.Nexttext100%black:SourceworkingspaceforRGBcomponentswassRGB.ArtefactsmayappearinthePDFpre-viewifSmoothLineArtisenabledinAcrobat.

CMYK

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sRGBBMP-24

CMY RGB K-only

GrayscaleDotGain

�CIELab-ValuesbyW.FaustIT8.7/2/R011220 G.Hoffmann/June172007PostScriptcodedbysRGB/D65/Outofgamutmarkedbydot

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CIELab-ValuesbyW.FaustIT8.7/2/R011220 G.Hoffmann/June172007PostScriptcodedbysRGB/D65/Outofgamutmarkedbydot

62.039.542.0

77.629.837.5

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81.624.735.7

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137.871.177.4

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233.3235.5231.6

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233.6230.3235.3

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87.127.820.1

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81.532.221.1

118.980.670.1

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160.958.735.0

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210.3231.1234.1

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105.8105.5104.1

214.5115.9105.6

87.8177.8110.6

101.0110.8188.8

185.5149.1104.8

187.8145.8

76.5

225.1164.3

0.029.248.054.2

0.550.563.7

0.055.775.9

0.052.270.4

68.593.5

103.3

31.796.6

117.0

0.0103.9135.1

0.0107.1150.5

155.1171.6178.8

143.8173.8186.3

127.6176.3195.8

82.9182.1213.3

0.0181.1208.3

213.1101.0201.1

240.5213.8

80.5

88.187.586.9

208.396.887.3

61.0166.5

93.3

82.390.9

178.1

192.8166.1103.8

158.6149.6128.1

173.3164.6

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12.356.2

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CodedbysRGBnumbers/Background118.9

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CIELab-ValuesbyW.FaustIT8.7/2/R011220 G.Hoffmann/June172007PostScriptcodedbyProPhotoRGB/D50

40.031.831.7

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174.3144.8160.3

183.8140.1164.1

60.4105.3153.8

130.844.9

137.5

195.9178.9

40.7

16.716.917.5

112.944.719.7

37.581.532.7

38.218.299.4

15.316.218.2

18.216.519.9

28.220.724.2

230.5230.5230.5

208.5208.5208.5

194.6194.6194.6

181.3181.3181.3

169.3169.3169.3

156.5156.5156.5

143.1143.1143.1

131.1131.1131.1

119.5119.5119.5

109.5109.5109.5

97.997.997.9

88.388.388.3

78.878.878.8

69.569.569.5

61.261.261.2

52.052.052.0

45.245.245.2

38.538.538.5

31.831.831.8

26.226.226.2

20.820.820.8

18.318.318.3

15.615.615.6

14.514.514.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

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CodedbyProPhotoRGBnumbers/Background99.6

�

�CIELab-ValuesbyW.FaustIT8.7/2/R011220 G.Hoffmann/June152007PostScript/CIELabcoded/ReferencewhiteD50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

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CIELab-ValuesbyW.FaustIT8.7/2/R011220 G.Hoffmann/June152007PostScript/CIELabcoded/ReferencewhiteD50

18.811.2

2.9

18.823.6

6.5

21.733.4

9.6

18.627.7

7.6

38.415.0

4.2

38.929.3

9.8

39.543.215.1

39.562.420.2

69.07.83.2

69.314.4

5.3

69.421.1

7.4

69.629.210.2

93.0-0.9-0.5

91.91.4

-2.0

92.9-1.31.6

91.51.4

-0.1

91.51.30.0

92.9-1.31.8

91.81.8

-2.0

8.46.91.2

20.127.520.3

28.541.933.9

18.88.67.2

18.917.214.9

18.721.217.2

19.722.919.2

38.415.513.0

39.027.724.5

39.742.237.2

39.759.751.0

69.37.26.9

69.413.211.8

69.518.716.7

69.626.524.6

90.1-6.7-3.9

88.47.9

-6.0

92.1-2.610.5

85.00.01.2

86.86.94.4

89.1-8.67.0

85.32.3

-9.4

14.417.211.5

25.737.529.3

55.722.821.3

23.73.99.7

23.57.6

17.9

25.210.724.2

23.69.4

21.8

53.79.2

20.6

54.017.941.4

54.726.360.9

54.528.965.5

74.54.7

11.3

74.68.4

20.3

74.512.329.7

74.916.841.0

86.91- 2.3-7.7

83.815.91- 0.9

91.4-3.419.6

77.00.51.3

81.513.7

7.6

85.11- 5.411.1

78.33.9

1- 6.7

11.27.55.9

47.732.935.4

62.516.518.8

23.5-0.89.1

23.3-1.117.7

25.9-0.723.9

23.5-0.820.7

58.7-0.420.7

58.9-1.140.4

59.2-2.459.7

59.0-1.268.1

79.80.4

11.0

79.8-0.223.2

79.9-0.433.0

80.1-2.382.9

83.11- 7.91- 1.6

79.323.71- 5.5

90.3-3.829.7

68.50.41.2

76.020.111.9

80.52- 2.115.6

71.35.2

2- 3.7

37.926.630.9

51.77.5

14.9

66.111.319.6

23.3-5.38.6

23.21- 0.516.7

26.11- 3.922.7

23.11- 1.918.9

43.2-7.613.9

43.41- 5.927.2

43.92- 4.740.9

43.72- 7.244.9

69.3-4.69.6

69.1-8.816.7

69.11- 2.624.8

69.12- 9.251.7

79.12- 3.21- 5.6

74.431.72- 0.1

89.4-3.838.5

60.90.01.1

70.826.515.1

75.62- 8.219.1

63.77.3

3- 0.5

47.540.057.7

43.520.840.7

57.021.235.9

13.9-8.92.2

13.91- 7.2

5.2

16.72- 2.9

6.7

13.71- 7.6

5.1

33.01- 3.0

4.5

33.22- 6.3

8.7

33.94- 0.714.4

33.75- 1.518.2

69.0-6.03.2

69.01- 1.4

4.7

69.01- 7.2

6.6

68.83- 7.412.4

75.12- 7.71- 9.3

69.339.72- 4.5

88.3-3.248.4

52.70.40.9

65.332.919.3

70.83- 3.922.7

56.29.7

3- 6.7

55.98.8

21.8

61.516.534.4

65.513.728.2

18.5-9.9-2.3

18.71- 9.1-3.4

20.62- 5.7-4.6

18.72- 2.9-4.3

37.71- 2.3-3.1

37.72- 4.1-4.3

38.73- 8.4-5.4

38.54- 9.2-8.4

69.3-6.1-0.8

69.01- 2.8-2.2

69.11- 8.7-4.0

68.93- 6.9-6.8

70.83- 2.02- 2.9

64.547.02- 8.2

87.1-2.357.4

44.5-0.10.8

60.238.723.7

65.63- 9.425.7

48.712.54- 2.9

64.49.8

28.7

63.510.642.5

71.814.687.3

18.5-6.4-6.5

18.61- 1.91- 3.0

20.11- 6.81- 8.9

18.61- 5.81- 7.5

37.9-7.7-8.8

37.71- 5.71- 7.8

38.92- 4.72- 6.9

39.23- 1.63- 6.0

69.0-4.8-5.8

69.0-8.51- 0.1

68.91- 3.11- 5.4

69.12- 3.22- 5.1

66.83- 5.52- 6.2

59.554.43- 1.7

86.0-1.166.4

37.20.20.4

55.244.527.7

60.94- 3.928.5

41.416.24- 8.4

69.54.0

35.9

62.20.8

12.6

67.0-5.042.7

23.30.7

1- 1.7

23.30.9

2- 3.7

23.22.5

3- 5.7

23.55.3

5- 0.9

43.20.4

-8.8

43.21.9

1- 9.2

43.22.2

2- 8.3

43.52.5

4- 6.4

69.31.0

-5.3

69.41.4

-9.8

69.51.4

1- 4.7

69.51.4

2- 5.5

62.43- 8.42- 9.2

54.960.93- 4.7

84.80.4

74.8

29.2-0.20.1

50.749.532.9

55.94- 8.231.2

33.920.25- 3.5

72.0-5.739.5

43.92- 2.635.5

65.02- 5.124.6

13.76.8

1- 3.2

13.613.32- 4.8

14.120.73- 8.4

13.936.06- 3.5

38.25.9

-9.9

38.211.31- 9.2

37.916.72- 9.2

37.529.35- 1.5

69.43.8

-5.3

69.46.3

-9.6

69.39.4

1- 4.9

69.515.02- 5.5

57.94- 0.53- 2.0

50.466.93- 7.2

83.42.5

83.5

21.7-0.3-0.2

46.254.238.5

50.55- 1.933.5

26.525.15- 8.2

66.62- 5.616.9

32.93- 6.529.8

15.01- 6.1

8.223.213.2-9.1

24.126.71- 7.5

24.239.22- 6.9

24.544.03- 0.7

43.212.3-7.7

43.524.21- 5.9

43.535.42- 3.3

44.763.24- 2.4

69.38.1

-5.0

69.514.5-8.7

69.320.91- 3.7

69.435.72- 4.7

53.24- 1.53- 4.7

45.772.33- 8.9

81.65.0

91.1

14.1-0.4-0.5

41.958.443.7

44.55- 4.534.5

19.630.96- 1.5

18.81- 2.2

4.9

13.31- 1.4-0.3

15.21- 0.8-9.3

18.912.6-2.4

18.925.6-3.4

21.934.5-4.8

18.728.7-4.1

38.516.3-3.0

39.531.8-3.8

39.948.0-5.1

38.967.5-9.0

69.49.3

-1.1

69.415.9-2.4

69.622.7-3.7

69.533.4-5.9

47.74- 0.23- 7.5

40.976.13- 9.9

79.48.4

97.8

6.9-0.4-0.7

37.461.048.9

37.95- 4.534.5

13.037.56- 3.5

6.2-1.3-2.8

6.93.3

-4.0

11.512.0-1.2

93.10.00.0

86.80.00.0

82.50.00.0

78.50.00.0

74.80.00.0

70.50.00.0

66.00.00.0

61.90.00.0

57.70.00.0

53.90.00.0

49.20.00.0

45.40.00.0

41.20.00.0

37.20.00.0

33.20.00.0

28.70.00.0

25.10.00.0

21.20.00.0

17.20.00.0

13.60.00.0

9.80.00.0

7.90.00.0

5.90.00.0

5.20.00.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

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CodedbyLabnumbers/BackgroundL=50

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0152255

0149255

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12279255

14563255

16540255

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75112240

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2190224

03

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0131204

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54122205

88116205

112110205

132102205

15093205

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18269206

19750206

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96

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36126187

77121187

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18967189

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2160190

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98

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47130152

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104120153

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156100154

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2250156

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84

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3113683

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11112384

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2116189

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181380

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861320

1051270

1221230

1371180

1511120

1651050

178970

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203754

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2273516

239020

251025

601440

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251380

641350

871310

1061270

1231230

1381170

1521110

1661050

179970

191870

204750

216600

228350

24000

25100

601440

01410

291380

661350

891310

1071270

1241230

1391170

1531110

1661050

179960

192870

204750

216590

228350

24000

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601440

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321380

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1081270

1241230

1391170

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180960

192870

205750

217590

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-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-100

-90

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-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

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50

60

70

80

90

100

a*

b*

L*=50709primariesWhite D65ReferenceD50Bradford yesGamma sRGBDotmarkforoutofgamutClippingforR-Y-G-C-B-MhexagonOuterblueareahumangamut

-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

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-10

0

10

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30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

a*

b*

L*=50709primariesWhite D65ReferenceD50Bradford yesGamma sRGBDotmarkforoutofgamutClippingforR-Y-G-C-B-MhexagonOuterblueareahumangamut

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Black Curveforgammaencoded valuesC’=RGB’forsRGBGreen Linearfunction,comparisonBlue Curveforvalueswithoutgamma encodingC =RGBGray Density

Gammaencodedvaluesareindicatedbyanapostrophonlyonthispage

TheToneReproductionCurve(TRC)fromL*toC’issurprisinglynearlylinear

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Bottomright:RGBgraywedge,linearbynumbers

0 0.0 1 3.6 2 7.3 3 10.9 4 14.1 5 16.8 6 19.3 7 21.5 8 23.5 9 25.5 10 27.5

10 27.5 11 29.5 12 31.5 13 33.5 14 35.6 15 37.7 16 39.8 17 41.9 18 44.0 19 46.1 20 48.3

20 48.3 21 50.5 22 52.7 23 54.9 24 57.1 25 59.3 26 61.5 27 63.8 28 66.1 29 68.3 30 70.6

30 70.6 31 72.9 32 75.3 33 77.6 34 79.9 35 82.3 36 84.7 37 87.0 38 89.4 39 91.8 40 94.2

40 94.2 41 96.7 42 99.1 43 101.5 44 104.0 45 106.5 46 108.9 47 111.4 48 113.9 49 116.4 50 118.9

50 118.9 51 121.4 52 124.0 53 126.5 54 129.1 55 131.6 56 134.2 57 136.8 58 139.4 59 142.0 60 144.6

60 144.6 61 147.2 62 149.8 63 152.4 64 155.1 65 157.7 66 160.4 67 163.0 68 165.7 69 168.4 70 171.1

70 171.1 71 173.8 72 176.5 73 179.2 74 181.9 75 184.6 76 187.3 77 190.1 78 192.8 79 195.6 80 198.3

80 198.3 81 201.1 82 203.9 83 206.7 84 209.5 85 212.3 86 215.1 87 217.9 88 220.7 89 223.5 90 226.3

90 226.3 91 229.2 92 232.0 93 234.9 94 237.7 95 240.6 96 243.5 97 246.3 98 249.2 99 252.1 100 255.0

L*0

RGB’

255

RGB

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Dens

0 20 40 60 80 100

0 0.0 1 3.6 2 7.3 3 10.9 4 14.1 5 16.8 6 19.3 7 21.5 8 23.5 9 25.5 10 27.5

10 27.5 11 29.5 12 31.5 13 33.5 14 35.6 15 37.7 16 39.8 17 41.9 18 44.0 19 46.1 20 48.3

20 48.3 21 50.5 22 52.7 23 54.9 24 57.1 25 59.3 26 61.5 27 63.8 28 66.1 29 68.3 30 70.6

30 70.6 31 72.9 32 75.3 33 77.6 34 79.9 35 82.3 36 84.7 37 87.0 38 89.4 39 91.8 40 94.2

40 94.2 41 96.7 42 99.1 43 101.5 44 104.0 45 106.5 46 108.9 47 111.4 48 113.9 49 116.4 50 118.9

50 118.9 51 121.4 52 124.0 53 126.5 54 129.1 55 131.6 56 134.2 57 136.8 58 139.4 59 142.0 60 144.6

60 144.6 61 147.2 62 149.8 63 152.4 64 155.1 65 157.7 66 160.4 67 163.0 68 165.7 69 168.4 70 171.1

70 171.1 71 173.8 72 176.5 73 179.2 74 181.9 75 184.6 76 187.3 77 190.1 78 192.8 79 195.6 80 198.3

80 198.3 81 201.1 82 203.9 83 206.7 84 209.5 85 212.3 86 215.1 87 217.9 88 220.7 89 223.5 90 226.3

90 226.3 91 229.2 92 232.0 93 234.9 94 237.7 95 240.6 96 243.5 97 246.3 98 249.2 99 252.1 100 255.0

L*0

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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

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0 20 40 60 80 100

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0 0.3 1 4.0 2 7.6 3 11.3 4 14.4 5 17.2 6 19.6 7 21.8 8 23.8 9 25.8 10 27.8

10 27.8 11 29.8 12 31.8 13 33.9 14 35.9 15 38.0 16 40.1 17 42.2 18 44.3 19 46.5 20 48.6

20 48.6 21 50.8 22 53.0 23 55.2 24 57.4 25 59.6 26 61.9 27 64.1 28 66.4 29 68.7 30 71.0

30 71.0 31 73.3 32 75.6 33 77.9 34 80.3 35 82.6 36 85.0 37 87.4 38 89.8 39 92.2 40 94.6

40 94.6 41 97.0 42 99.4 43 101.9 44 104.3 45 106.8 46 109.3 47 111.7 48 114.2 49 116.7 50 119.2

50 119.2 51 121.8 52 124.3 53 126.8 54 129.4 55 132.0 56 134.5 57 137.1 58 139.7 59 142.3 60 144.9

60 144.9 61 147.5 62 150.1 63 152.7 64 155.4 65 158.0 66 160.7 67 163.3 68 166.0 69 168.7 70 171.4

70 171.4 71 174.1 72 176.8 73 179.5 74 182.2 75 184.9 76 187.7 77 190.4 78 193.1 79 195.9 80 198.7

80 198.7 81 201.4 82 204.2 83 207.0 84 209.8 85 212.6 86 215.4 87 218.2 88 221.0 89 223.8 90 226.7

90 226.7 91 229.5 92 232.3 93 235.2 94 238.1 95 240.9 96 243.8 97 246.7 98 249.6 99 252.4 100 255.3

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255

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0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Dens

0 20 40 60 80 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

�.� CIELab / sRGB Rich Gray Chart

ThegraychartonthepreviouspageisprintedeitherbyK-onlyorbyrichblackCMYK.DesktopprintersprintmostlybyK-only.

TheprintercanbeforcedtoprintbyrichblackCMYKifthevaluesRGBareslightlydifferent.Herewehaveadded1unitof255totheBchannel.Thegrayisnotaccu-ratebutgoodenoughforagraybalancetest.

��

�.� K-only Gray Chart

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70

70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

L*0

RGB’

255

RGB

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Dens

0 20 40 60 80 100

0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

APostScriptprintershouldprintthesechartsbyK-only.Thepatchescanbeusedtomeasurethedotgain.

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�.� Grayscale Conversions

AcolorimagescontainsadditionallyapatchwhichisfilledinPhotoshopinsRGBmodebyRGB=128/128/128.Theimageisthenconvertedtograyscalebyseveraldifferentdotgains.Theimagedoesnotchangetheappearance.IfwechooseinthecolorsettingsthesameGrayGamma2.2asastandard,thenthenewlyloadedimageswilllookdifferent.Thenextpageshowstheconvertedimagesincludingthepatchtopright.ThelargenumberinthepatchisthegraynumberaftertheconversionasmeasuredbyPhoto-shop.R=G=B=128isequivalenttoL*=54inthegraycharts.

GrayscalesbyPhotoshopshouldbesavedbyoneoftheseformats-EPSwithoutPostScriptcolormanagement,with8-bitTIFFpreview-K-onlyCMYKTIFFcancauseshiftsbyExporttoPDFinPageMaker6.52and7.01.ExporttoPDFbyPageMaker6.52shouldbedoneinmodeCMYK.ThisdoesnotaffectRGBimages.VectorgraphicsshouldbedefinedbyCMYKanyway.

ForoffsetprintingbyK-onlywehave touseanappropriatedotgain,as recom-mendedbytheserviceprovider /printer.Theimages7and8(nextpage)showtwoversions,executedbymodifiedprofileswithBlackGeneration=Maximum(emptyplatesCMY)ColorsettingsforExporttoPDF:

Thegrayscaleconversionsworkasfollows:1.RemovegammaencodingforsRGB. Thisisessentiallyapowerfunctionwithgammag1=2.2. Thenumbersareconvertedbyc2=c1

g1.2.Applydotgainencoding. Eachdotgainhasanequivalentgammavalueg2(simplifiedmodel). Thenumbersareconvertedby c3=c2

1/g2.3.Altogetherwegetnewnumbersc3=c1

g1/g2

ForGrayGamma=2.2weget c3=c1.

Dotgain%GammaR=G=B 0 1.00 55 10 1.32 80 15 1.51 93 20 1.74 105 25 2.00 118 28.2 2.20 128 30 2.32 132EC 104 BlackInkEuroscaleCoatedv2

��

1.GrayscaleDG=10%

�.� Grayscale Conversions / Saved as EPS

2.GrayscaleDG=15% 3.GrayscaleDG=20%

4.GrayscaleDG=25% 5.GrayscaleDG=30% 6.GrayscaleBlackInk-EuroscaleC.v2

�0 �� �0�

��� ��� �0�

7.Left:CMYKK-onlyBlackInk-EuroscaleCoatedv2CMYKwiththreeemptyplatesCMYCodedbyfourbytesperpixelExecutedbyEurostandard CoatedDotgain=9%BlackGeneration=Maximum

8.Right:CMYKK-onlyBlackInk-EuroscaleCoatedv2CMYKasaboveExecutedbyEurostandardCoatedDotgain=15%BlackGeneration=Maximum(notavailableforEuroscaleCoated)

ThegrayscalesweresavedasEPS.PageMaker’sExporttoPDFinCMYKmoderetainsCMYKnumbersandRGBnumbersand graynumbersingrayscales.

��

�.� Grayscale K-only Printing / PDF/X-�a

Thischapterdescribesaworkflowwhichisentirelybasedononeoffsetprofile,hereforinstanceISOCoated.ThedescriptionfollowsAdobeCS2withAcrobat7Profes-sional.

DefinecolorsettingsinPhotoshop:RGB sRGB(forinstance)CMYK ISOCoatedGray BlackInkISOCoated(byloadingISOCoated)Spot Dotgain20%Saveas sRGB-ISO-ISO-20.csf

SynchronizationbyBridgedeliversinInDesign:RGB sRGBCMYK ISOCoatedGray Undefined(probablygamma=2.2)Spot Undefined

ManualsynchronizationforAcrobatdelivers:RGB sRGBCMYK ISOCoatedGray BlackInkISOCoatedSpot Undefined

ImageprocessingbyPhotoshop:ColorimageModeGrayscaleMakenewdocinCMYKwithwhitebackgroundandthesamesizebypixelsColormanagement:UseISOCoated(thepurposeisnotclear,butnotwrong)Grayscale:Selectall,CopyCMYK:PasteintochannelKSaveCMYKasuncompressedTIFF,withoutembeddingtheICCprofile

WorkflowinInDesign:MakedocumentPlaceTIFFSaveasPDF/X-1a,withmodifiedjoboptions:Downsampleto288dpiifabove/ZIP8bitsperchannel/LeavecolorunchangedUseRenderingIntentISOCoated(thisismerelyaninformation)NowwehaveaPDF/X-1acompliantPDF.PureCMYK,butthechannelsCMYareempty,whichshouldbetoldtothepresspeople.TheviewingconditionsinPhoto-shop,InDesignandAcrobatareconsistentlydefinedbyCMYK.Anexampleforfilesize:Grayscale458kB,CMYK1832kB,ZIP8-PDF519kB.ThecompressionratioisnotgoodforZIP-8,butemptychannelsdonotcontributemuchtofilesize.

��

�.� Reflectance / Density / Visual Dot Area

ThetableonthenextpageshowsthedensityD,thereflectancefactorR,theCIE1931luminanceY,theLablightnessL*andthevisualdotareaAfordifferentblackdensitiesDb.

Allthisisvalidforassumedidealconditions:

DensityD ReflectanceR CIEY LabL*Darkness infinite 0 0 0Paperwhite 0 1 100 100

InmatrixcalculationstherangeforYis0to1.Herewehave,asinmanyprograms,therange0to100.Hence,YismerelyRmultipliedby100.

ThevisualdotareaAiscalculatedbytheMurray-Daviesmodel.

TonerprintersmayhaveblackatD=1.5.OffsetandinkjetdensitiescanbeaboveD = 2.

Calculation

D R

R

Y R

A

Y R if R

D

D

Db

= −

==

= −−

= >

−

−

−

log( )

10

100

1 10

1 10

011 3 ..

. /

*

008856

7 787 16 116

116 161

1

Y R else

L Y

= +

= −

Linearizattion for L*< 8

D

L R

L Y

>==

2 0528

903 29

9 03

.

* .

* .

��

Dens.D Refl.R CIEY LabL* AreaA AreaA AreaA AreaA AreaA AreaA AreaA AreaA0...2.8 0...1 0...100 0...100 Db=1.4 Db=1.6 Db=1.8 Db=2.0 Db=2.2 Db=2.4 Db=2.6 Db=2.82.8000 0.0015 0.15 1.43 1.00002.7500 0.0017 0.17 1.60 0.99982.7000 0.0020 0.20 1.80 0.99952.6500 0.0022 0.22 2.02 0.99932.6000 0.0025 0.25 2.26 1.0000 0.99902.5500 0.0028 0.28 2.54 0.9996 0.99872.5000 0.0031 0.31 2.85 0.9993 0.99842.4500 0.0035 0.35 3.20 0.9989 0.99802.4000 0.0039 0.39 3.59 1.0000 0.9985 0.99762.3500 0.0044 0.44 4.03 0.9995 0.9980 0.99712.3000 0.0050 0.50 4.52 0.9989 0.9974 0.99652.2500 0.0056 0.56 5.08 0.9983 0.9968 0.99592.2000 0.0063 0.63 5.70 1.0000 0.9976 0.9961 0.99522.1500 0.0070 0.70 6.39 0.9992 0.9968 0.9954 0.99442.1000 0.0079 0.79 7.17 0.9983 0.9960 0.9945 0.99362.0500 0.0089 0.89 8.05 0.9973 0.9950 0.9935 0.99262.0000 0.0100 1.00 8.99 1.0000 0.9962 0.9939 0.9924 0.99151.9500 0.0112 1.12 9.97 0.9987 0.9950 0.9927 0.9912 0.99031.9000 0.0125 1.25 10.98 0.9973 0.9936 0.9913 0.9898 0.98891.8500 0.0141 1.41 12.04 0.9958 0.9921 0.9898 0.9883 0.98741.8000 0.0158 1.58 13.13 1.0000 0.9940 0.9904 0.9880 0.9866 0.98571.7500 0.0177 1.77 14.27 0.9980 0.9921 0.9884 0.9861 0.9846 0.98371.7000 0.0199 1.99 15.46 0.9958 0.9899 0.9862 0.9839 0.9825 0.98161.6500 0.0223 2.23 16.69 0.9933 0.9874 0.9838 0.9815 0.9800 0.97911.6000 0.0251 2.51 17.97 1.0000 0.9905 0.9847 0.9810 0.9787 0.9773 0.97641.5500 0.0281 2.81 19.30 0.9968 0.9874 0.9816 0.9779 0.9757 0.9742 0.97331.5000 0.0316 3.16 20.68 0.9933 0.9839 0.9781 0.9745 0.9722 0.9708 0.96991.4500 0.0354 3.54 22.11 0.9893 0.9800 0.9742 0.9706 0.9683 0.9669 0.96601.4000 0.0398 3.98 23.60 1.0000 0.9849 0.9756 0.9698 0.9662 0.9640 0.9626 0.96171.3500 0.0446 4.46 25.15 0.9949 0.9799 0.9707 0.9649 0.9613 0.9591 0.9577 0.95681.3000 0.0501 5.01 26.76 0.9892 0.9743 0.9651 0.9594 0.9559 0.9536 0.9522 0.95131.2500 0.0562 5.62 28.44 0.9828 0.9680 0.9589 0.9532 0.9497 0.9475 0.9461 0.94521.2000 0.0631 6.31 30.18 0.9757 0.9610 0.9519 0.9463 0.9428 0.9406 0.9392 0.93831.1500 0.0708 7.08 31.98 0.9677 0.9531 0.9441 0.9385 0.9351 0.9329 0.9315 0.93061.1000 0.0794 7.94 33.86 0.9587 0.9442 0.9353 0.9298 0.9264 0.9242 0.9228 0.92201.0500 0.0891 8.91 35.81 0.9486 0.9343 0.9255 0.9200 0.9166 0.9145 0.9131 0.91231.0000 0.1000 10.00 37.84 0.9373 0.9231 0.9144 0.9090 0.9057 0.9035 0.9022 0.90140.9500 0.1122 11.22 39.94 0.9246 0.9106 0.9020 0.8967 0.8934 0.8913 0.8900 0.88920.9000 0.1259 12.59 42.13 0.9103 0.8966 0.8881 0.8829 0.8796 0.8776 0.8763 0.87540.8500 0.1412 14.12 44.41 0.8943 0.8808 0.8725 0.8674 0.8641 0.8621 0.8609 0.86010.8000 0.1584 15.84 46.77 0.8764 0.8631 0.8550 0.8500 0.8468 0.8448 0.8436 0.84280.7500 0.1778 17.78 49.23 0.8562 0.8433 0.8354 0.8304 0.8273 0.8254 0.8242 0.82340.7000 0.1995 19.95 51.78 0.8336 0.8211 0.8133 0.8085 0.8055 0.8036 0.8024 0.80170.6500 0.2238 22.38 54.43 0.8083 0.7961 0.7886 0.7839 0.7810 0.7792 0.7780 0.77730.6000 0.2511 25.11 57.19 0.7798 0.7681 0.7608 0.7563 0.7535 0.7518 0.7506 0.75000.5500 0.2818 28.18 60.05 0.7479 0.7366 0.7297 0.7254 0.7227 0.7210 0.7199 0.71930.5000 0.3162 31.62 63.03 0.7121 0.7013 0.6947 0.6906 0.6881 0.6865 0.6854 0.68480.4500 0.3548 35.48 66.12 0.6719 0.6618 0.6555 0.6517 0.6492 0.6477 0.6468 0.64620.4000 0.3981 39.81 69.33 0.6268 0.6174 0.6115 0.6079 0.6057 0.6043 0.6034 0.60280.3500 0.4466 44.66 72.67 0.5762 0.5675 0.5622 0.5589 0.5568 0.5555 0.5547 0.55410.3000 0.5011 50.11 76.14 0.5194 0.5116 0.5068 0.5038 0.5019 0.5008 0.5000 0.49960.2500 0.5623 56.23 79.74 0.4558 0.4489 0.4447 0.4420 0.4404 0.4394 0.4387 0.43830.2000 0.6309 63.09 83.49 0.3843 0.3785 0.3749 0.3727 0.3713 0.3705 0.3699 0.36960.1500 0.7079 70.79 87.38 0.3041 0.2995 0.2967 0.2950 0.2939 0.2932 0.2927 0.29250.1000 0.7943 79.43 91.43 0.2142 0.2109 0.2089 0.2077 0.2069 0.2064 0.2061 0.20600.0500 0.8912 89.12 95.63 0.1132 0.1115 0.1105 0.1098 0.1094 0.1091 0.1090 0.10890.0000 1.0000100.00 100.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000

�.� Reflectance ... / Table

��

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0CMYKInput

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

CM

YK

Prin

ted

1.02.03.0

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0G0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

%

dgG dg

1.00 0.01.10 3.31.20 6.51.30 9.41.40 12.11.50 14.61.60 17.01.70 19.21.80 21.31.90 23.22.00 25.02.10 26.72.20 28.22.30 29.72.40 31.12.50 32.32.60 33.52.70 34.62.80 35.62.90 36.63.00 37.5

G dg

1.00 0.01.07 2.51.15 5.01.23 7.51.32 10.01.42 12.51.51 15.01.62 17.51.74 20.01.86 22.52.00 25.02.15 27.52.32 30.02.51 32.52.74 35.03.00 37.5

�.� Dot Gain

Thisdiagramshows thegrowthoftheareaofprinteddotsonthepaper.Aprintertonereproductioncurveisoftensimilartoapowerfunc-tion, like the so-called Gammafunctionforamonitor,butshownsomewhatmirrored.ForGamma=2.0wereadfortheinput0.50(50%)theoutputvalue0.75whichisinterpretedasdotgain25%.AccordingtoISOthedotgainhastobemeasuredat40%.Photoshopseemstouse50%.

AgrayprofilecanbederivedfromacolorCMYKprofile.ButitseemsthatthedotgainisdifferentforrichblackandK-only.

x

y

Formulas

y x

y x

At x

dg y x x

dg x

G

G

o

o o

oG

( ) ( )

( )

( )

( )

1 1

1 1

1 1

− = −

= − −

= −

= − − − xx

For x

left diagram table

dg

For x

dg

o

o

G

o

=+

= −

=

= −

0 5

0 5 0 5

0 4

0 6

.

( )

. .

.

. 00 6

100

.

%

G

Multiply dg by

ThelowerdiagramshowsthedotgainasafunctionofGamma.

��

�.� Dot Gain

Thisdiagramshowstheden-sityDandthevalueKasfunc-tionsoftheCIELablightness.

ThefunctionK(L*)isbasedonmeasurementsL*inaswatchbookforEuroscaleCoatedv2.

A simple quadratic functionwasusedforcurvefitting.

L*= 0meansdarknessL*=100 meanspaperwhite

L*0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

D

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

K

0 20 40 60 80 100

L L

K L L

=

= − −

* /

( . . . )

100

100 1 125 0 5 0 625 2

��

�. Black Generation

Black Generation means the strategyhowtoreplaceCMYinkbyKinkindarkareas.UCR(UndercolorRemoval):Equalamountsofcolor inkarereplacedbyKinkinneutralareas.GCR (Gray Component Replacement):EqualamountsofcolorinkaboveacertainlevelarereplacedbyKinkeverywhere.

ThecurveswerecreatedbyGretagMac-bethProfileEditor,modeGraybalance:’TheGrayBalancewindowindicatesthecurveof theLab lightnessaxis foreachcolor channel.The L* range (Lightnessaxis)isindicatedfrom0to100.Thiscannotbetrue.Atleastaretheaxesinreversedirection.

EuroscaleCoatedv2usesmediumGCR,ISO Coated uses heavy GCR and theinkjetwasprofiled for lightGCR.This isnecessaryinordertoavoidtheso-calledpeppereffect.StrongerGCRstabilizesthegraybalance.Names (characterizations) like medium,heavyorlightarenotstandardized.OffsetProfileISOCoated

InkjetProfileforMutoh6100

OffsetProfileEuroscaleCoated

�0

�0. Files

Thisdocumentisavailableintwoversions:

WebPreview/about300kB

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Pleaserenametotargetrgb.eps

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wastestedbyPrinters

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Lexmark4079plus

MutohRJ6100

OkidataC9600

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andRIPs

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GernotHoffmannAbout2002-February03/2013

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