german criminal code
DESCRIPTION
German Criminal CodeTRANSCRIPT
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bersetzungdesStrafgesetzbuchesdurchProf.Dr.MichaelBohlander
TranslationoftheGermanCriminalCodeprovidedbyProf.Dr.MichaelBohlander
Stand:Diebersetzungbercksichtigtdienderung(en)desGesetzesdurchArtikel6Abs.18desGesetzesvom10.10.2013(BGBl.IS.3799)
Versioninformation:Thetranslationincludestheamendment(s)totheActbyArticle6(18)oftheLawof10.10.2013(FederalLawGazetteIp3799).
2015jurisGmbH,Saarbrcken
GERMANCRIMINALCODE
Fullcitation:CriminalCodeintheversionpromulgatedon13November1998,FederalLawGazette[Bundesgesetzblatt]Ip.3322,lastamendedbyArticle1oftheLawof24September2013,FederalLawGazetteIp.3671andwiththetextofArticle6(18)oftheLawof10October2013,FederalLawGazetteIp3799.
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GENERALPART
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CHAPTERONETHECRIMINALLAW
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FIRSTTITLEAPPLICATION,JURISDICTIONRATIONELOCIETTEMPORIS
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Section1Nopunishmentwithoutlaw
Anactmayonlybepunishedifcriminalliabilityhadbeenestablishedbylawbeforetheactwascommitted.
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Section2Jurisdictionrationetemporislexmitior
(1)Thepenaltyandanyancillarymeasuresshallbedeterminedbythelawwhichisinforceatthetimeoftheact.
(2)Ifthepenaltyisamendedduringthecommissionoftheact,thelawinforceatthetimetheactiscompletedshallbeapplied.
(3)Ifthelawinforceatthetimeofthecompletionoftheactisamendedbeforejudgment,themostlenientlawshallbeapplied.
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(4)Alawintendedtobeinforceonlyforadeterminatetimeshallbecontinuedtobeappliedtoactscommittedwhileitwasinforceevenafteritceasestobeinforce,unlessotherwiseprovidedbylaw.
(5)Subsections(1)to(4)shallapplymutatismutandistoconfiscation,deprivationanddestruction.
(6)Unlessotherwiseprovidedbylaw,measuresofrehabilitationandincapacitationshallbedeterminedaccordingtothelawinforceatthetimeofthedecision.
Footnote:
S.2(6)incompatiblewiththeBasicLaw(Article100(1))accordingtotheoperatingpartofthedecisionoftheFederalConstitutionalCourtof4May2011,FederalLawGazetteIp.1003(2BvR2365/09etal.).
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Section3OffencescommittedontheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermany
GermancriminallawshallapplytoactscommittedonGermanterritory.
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Section4OffencescommittedonGermanshipsandaircraft
Germancriminallawshallapply,regardlessofthelawapplicableinthelocalitywheretheactwascommitted,toactscommittedonashiporanaircraftentitledtoflythefederalflagorthenationalinsigniaoftheFederalRepublicofGermany.
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Section5Offencescommittedabroadagainstdomesticlegalinterests
Germancriminallawshallapply,regardlessofthelawapplicableinthelocalitywheretheactwascommitted,tothefollowingactscommittedabroad:
1.preparationofawarofaggression(section80)
2.hightreasonagainsttheFederation(Sections81to83)
3.endangeringthedemocraticstateundertheruleoflaw
(a)incasesundersection89andsection90a(1),andsection90b,iftheoffenderisGermanandhashismainlivelihoodintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyand
(b)incasesundersection90andsection90a(2)
4.treasonandendangeringexternalnationalsecurity(Sections94to100a)
5.offencesagainstthenationaldefence:
(a)incasesundersection109andsections109eto109gand
(b)incasesundersection109a,section109dandsection109h,iftheoffenderisGermanandhashismainlivelihoodintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermany
6.Causingthedangerofpoliticalpersecution(section234a,section241a)iftheactisdirectedagainstaGermanwhohashisdomicileorusualresidenceinGermany
6a.abductionofminorsincasesundersection235(2)No2,iftheactisdirectedagainstapersonwhohashisdomicileorusualresidenceinGermany
7.violationofbusinessortradesecretsofabusinessphysicallylocatedwithintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublic
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ofGermany,orofanenterprise,whichhasitsseatthere,orofanenterprisewithitsseatabroadandwhichisdependentonanenterprisewithitsseatwithintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermanyandwhichformsagroupwiththelatter
8.offencesagainstsexualselfdetermination:
(a)incasesundersection174(1)and(3),iftheoffenderandthevictimareGermanatthetimeoftheoffenceandhavetheirmainlivelihoodinGermanyand
(b)incasesundersections176to176bandsection182,iftheoffenderisGerman
9.abortion(section218),iftheoffenderatthetimeoftheoffenceisGermanandhashismainlivelihoodintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermany
10.falsetestimony,perjuryandfalseswornaffidavits(Sections153to156)inproceedingspendingbeforeacourtoranotherGermanauthoritywithintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermanythathastheauthoritytoadministeroathsoraffirmationsinlieuofoath
11.offencesagainsttheenvironmentundersection324,section326,section330andsection330acommittedwithinGermanysexclusiveeconomiczone,totheextentthatinternationalconventionsontheprotectionoftheseaallowfortheirprosecutionascriminaloffences
11a.offencesundersection328(2)Nos3and4,(4)and(5),alsoinconjunctionwithsection330,iftheoffenderisGermanatthetimeoftheoffence
12.offencescommittedbyaGermanpublicofficialorapersonentrustedwithspecialpublicservicefunctionsduringtheirofficialstayorinconnectionwiththeirofficialduties
13.actscommittedbyaforeignerasapublicofficialorasapersonentrustedwithspecialpublicservicefunctions
14.actscommittedagainstpublicofficials,personsentrustedwithspecialpublicservicefunctions,orsoldiersintheArmedForcesduringthedischargeoftheirdutiesorinconnectionwiththeirduties
14a.bribingdelegates(section108e)iftheoffenderisGermanatthetimeoftheoffenceortheoffencewascommittedvisvisaGerman
15.traffickinginhumanorgans(section18oftheTransplantationAct),iftheoffenderisGermanatthetimeoftheoffence.
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Section6Offencescommittedabroadagainstinternationallyprotectedlegalinterests
Germancriminallawshallfurtherapply,regardlessofthelawofthelocalitywheretheyarecommitted,tothefollowingoffencescommittedabroad:
1.(repealed)
2.offencesinvolvingnuclearenergy,explosivesandradiationundersection307andsection308(1)to(4),section309(2)andsection310
3.attacksonairandmaritimetraffic(section316c)
4.humantraffickingforthepurposeofsexualexploitation,forthepurposeofworkexploitationandassistinghumantrafficking(Sections232to233a)
5.unlawfuldrugdealing
6.distributionofpornographyundersections184a,184b(1)to(3)andsection184c(1)to(3),alsoinconjunctionwithsection184d,1stsentence
7.counterfeitingmoneyandsecurities(section146,section151andsection152),creditcardsetcandblank
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eurochequeforms(section152b(1)to(4))aswellastherelevantpreparatoryacts(Sections149,151,152and152b(5))
8.subsidyfraud(section264)
9.offenceswhichonthebasisofaninternationalagreementbindingontheFederalRepublicofGermanymustbeprosecutedeventhoughcommittedabroad.
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Section7Offencescommittedabroadothercases
(1)GermancriminallawshallapplytooffencescommittedabroadagainstaGerman,iftheactisacriminaloffenceatthelocalityofitscommissionorifthatlocalityisnotsubjecttoanycriminaljurisdiction.
(2)Germancriminallawshallapplytootheroffencescommittedabroadiftheactisacriminaloffenceatthelocalityofitscommissionorifthatlocalityisnotsubjecttoanycriminallawjurisdiction,andiftheoffender:
1.wasGermanatthetimeoftheoffenceorbecameGermanafterthecommissionor
2.wasaforeigneratthetimeoftheoffence,isdiscoveredinGermanyand,althoughtheExtraditionActwouldpermitextraditionforsuchanoffence,isnotextraditedbecausearequestforextraditionwithinareasonableperiodoftimeisnotmade,isrejected,ortheextraditionisnotfeasible.
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Section8Timeoftheoffence
Anoffenceisdeemedtohavebeencommittedatthetimewhentheprincipalorthesecondaryparticipantsacted,or,inthecaseofanomission,shouldhaveacted.Thetimewhentheresultoccursisirrelevant.
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Section9Placeoftheoffence
(1)Anoffenceisdeemedtohavebeencommittedineveryplacewheretheoffenderactedor,inthecaseofanomission,shouldhaveacted,orinwhichtheresultifitisanelementoftheoffenceoccursorshouldhaveoccurredaccordingtotheintentionoftheoffender.
(2)Actsofsecondaryparticipationarecommittednotonlyintheplacewheretheoffencewascommitted,butalsoineveryplacewherethesecondaryparticipantactedor,inthecaseofanomission,shouldhaveactedorwhere,accordingtohisintention,theoffenceshouldhavebeencommitted.IfthesecondaryparticipanttoanoffencecommittedabroadactedwithintheterritoryoftheFederalRepublicofGermany,Germancriminallawshallapplytothesecondaryparticipationeventhoughtheactisnotacriminaloffenceaccordingtothelawofthelocalityofitscommission.
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Section10Specialprovisionsforjuvenilesandyoungadults
ThislawshallapplytooffencescommittedbyjuvenilesandyoungadultsunlesstheJuvenileCourtsActprovidesotherwise.
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SECONDTITLETERMINOLOGY
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Section11Definitions
(1)Forthepurposesofthislaw
1.relativemeansanymemberofthefollowingcategoryofpersons:
(a)relationsbybloodormarriageindirectline,thespouse,thesamesexpartner,thefianc(e)alsowithinthemeaningoftheSameSexPartnershipAct,siblings,thespousesorsamesexpartnersofsiblings,siblingsofspousesorsamesexpartners,evenifthemarriageorsamesexpartnershipuponwhichtherelationshipwasbasednolongerexists,orwhentherelationshipbybloodormarriagehasceasedtoexist
(b)fosterparentsandfosterchildren
2.publicofficialmeansanyofthefollowingifunderGermanlaw
(a)theyarecivilservantsorjudges
(b)otherwisecarryoutpublicofficialfunctionsor
(c)haveotherwisebeenappointedtoservewithapublicauthorityorotheragencyorhavebeencommissionedtoperformpublicadministrativeservicesregardlessoftheorganisationalformchosentofulfilsuchduties
3.judgemeansanypersonwhounderGermanlawiseitheraprofessionaloralayjudge
4.personsentrustedwithspecialpublicservicefunctionsmeansanypersonwho,withoutbeingapublicofficial,isemployedby,orisactingfor
(a)apublicauthorityorotheragency,whichperformspublicadministrativeservicesor
(b)anassociationorotherunion,businessorenterprise,whichcarriesoutpublicadministrativeservicesforapublicauthorityorotheragency,
andwhoisformallyrequiredbylawtofulfiltheirdutieswithduediligence
5.unlawfulactexclusivelymeansanactthatfulfilsalltheelementsofacriminalprovision
6.Unternehmen(undertaking)ofanoffencemeansbothattemptandcompletion
7.publicauthorityalsomeansacourt
8.measuremeansthemeasuresofrehabilitationandincapacitation,confiscation,deprivationanddestruction
9.considerationmeansanymaterialbenefitgiveninexchangeforsomeonesacts.
(2)Anactisalsodeemedintentionalforthepurposesofthislaw,ifitfulfilsthestatutoryelementsofanoffence,whichrequiresintentinrelationtotheoffendersconductbutletsnegligencesufficeastoaspecificresultcausedthereby.
(3)Audiovisualmedia,datastoragemedia,illustrationsandotherdepictionsshallbeequivalenttowrittenmaterialintheprovisionswhichrefertothissubsection.
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Section12Feloniesandmisdemeanours
(1)Feloniesareunlawfulactspunishablebyaminimumsentenceofoneyearsimprisonment.
(2)Misdemeanoursareunlawfulactspunishablebyalesserminimumtermofimprisonmentorbyfine.
(3)AggravationsormitigationsprovidedforundertheprovisionsoftheGeneralPart,orunderespeciallyseriousorlessseriouscasesintheSpecialPart,shallbeirrelevanttothisclassification.
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CHAPTERTWOTHEOFFENCE
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FIRSTTITLEFOUNDATIONSOFCRIMINALLIABILITY
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Section13Omissions
(1)Whosoeverfailstoavertaresultwhichisanelementofacriminalprovisionshallonlybeliableunderthislawifheisresponsibleunderlawtoensurethattheresultdoesnotoccur,andiftheomissionisequivalenttotherealisationofthestatutoryelementsoftheoffencethroughapositiveact.
(2)Thesentencemaybemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).
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Section14Actingforanother
(1)Ifapersonacts:
1.inhiscapacityasanorganauthorisedtorepresentalegalentityorasamemberofsuchanorgan
2.asapartnerauthorisedtorepresentapartnershipwithindependentlegalcapacityor
3.asastatutoryrepresentativeofanother,
anylawaccordingtowhichspecialpersonalattributes,relationshipsorcircumstances(specialpersonalcharacteristics)formthebasisofcriminalliability,shallapplytotherepresentative,ifthesecharacteristicsdonotexistinhispersonbutintheentity,partnershiporpersonrepresented.
(2)Ifaperson,whetherbytheownerofabusinessorsomebodydelegatedbyhim,hasbeen
1.commissionedtomanagethebusiness,inwholeorinpartor
2.expresslycommissionedtoperformautonomousdutieswhichareincumbentontheownerofthebusiness,
andthepersonactsonthebasisofthiscommission,anylaw,accordingtowhichspecialpersonalcharacteristicsgiverisetocriminalliabilityshallapplytothepersoncommissioned,ifthesecharacteristicsdonotexistinhisbutinthepersonoftheownerofthebusiness.Withinthemeaningofthe1stsentenceaboveanenterpriseshallbetheequivalentofabusiness.Ifapersonactson
thebasisofasimilarcommissionforanagencyperformingpublicadministrativeservices,thefirstsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.
(3)Subsections(1)and(2)aboveshallapplyeveniftheactofcommissionintendedtocreatethepowerofrepresentationortheagencyisvoid.
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Section15Intentandnegligence
Unlessthelawexpresslyprovidesforcriminalliabilitybasedonnegligence,onlyintentionalconductshallattractcriminalliability.
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Section16Mistakeoffact
(1)Whosoeveratthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffenceisunawareofafactwhichisastatutoryelementoftheoffenceshallbedeemedtolackintention.Anyliabilityfornegligenceremainsunaffected.
(2)Whosoeveratthetimeofcommissionoftheoffencemistakenlyassumestheexistenceoffactswhichwouldsatisfytheelementsofamorelenientprovision,mayonlybepunishedfortheintentionalcommissionoftheoffenceunderthemorelenientprovision.
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Section17Mistakeoflaw
Ifatthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffencetheoffenderlackstheawarenessthatheisactingunlawfully,heshallbedeemedtohaveactedwithoutguiltifthemistakewasunavoidable.Ifthemistakewasavoidable,thesentencemaybemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).
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Section18Aggravatedsentencebasedonspecialconsequencesoftheoffence
Ifthelawimposesamoreserioussentencebasedonanextendedresultifanoffence,anyprincipalorsecondaryparticipantisliabletotheincreasedsentenceonlyiftheyactedatleastnegligentlywithrespecttothatresult.
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Section19Lackofcriminalcapacityofchildren
Personswhohavenotattainedtheageoffourteenatthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffenceshallbedeemedtoactwithoutguilt.
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Section20Insanity
Anypersonwhoatthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffenceisincapableofappreciatingtheunlawfulnessoftheiractionsorofactinginaccordancewithanysuchappreciationduetoapathologicalmentaldisorder,aprofoundconsciousnessdisorder,debilityoranyotherseriousmentalabnormality,shallbedeemedtoactwithoutguilt.
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Section21Diminishedresponsibility
Ifthecapacityoftheoffendertoappreciatetheunlawfulnessofhisactionsortoactinaccordancewithanysuchappreciationissubstantiallydiminishedatthetimeofthecommissionoftheoffenceduetooneofthereasonsindicatedinsection20,thesentencemaybemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).
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SECONDTITLEATTEMPT
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Section22Definition
Apersonattemptstocommitanoffenceifhetakesstepswhichwillimmediatelyleadtothecompletionofthe
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offenceasenvisagedbyhim.
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Section23Liabilityforattempt
(1)Anyattempttocommitafelonyentailscriminalliabilitythisappliestoattemptedmisdemeanoursonlyifexpresslysoprovidedbylaw.
(2)Anattemptmaybepunishedmorelenientlythanthecompletedoffence(section49(1)).
(3)Iftheoffenderduetogrossignorancefailstorealisethattheattemptcouldundernocircumstanceshaveledtothecompletionoftheoffenceduetothenatureofitsobjectorthemeansbywhichitwastobecommitted,thecourtmayorderadischarge,ormitigatethesentenceasitseesfit(section49(2)).
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Section24Withdrawal
(1)Apersonwhoofhisownvolitiongivesupthefurtherexecutionoftheoffenceorpreventsitscompletionshallnotbeliablefortheattempt.Iftheoffenceisnotcompletedregardlessofhisactions,thatpersonshallnotbeliableifhehasmadeavoluntaryandearnestefforttopreventthecompletionoftheoffence.
(2)Ifmorethanonepersonparticipateintheoffence,thepersonwhovoluntarilypreventsitscompletionshallnotbeliablefortheattempt.Hisvoluntaryandearnestefforttopreventthecompletionoftheoffenceshallsufficeforexemptionfromliability,iftheoffenceisnotcompletedregardlessofhisactionsoriscommittedindependentlyofhisearliercontributiontotheoffence.
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THIRDTITLEPRINCIPALSANDSECONDARYPARTICIPANTS
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Section25Principals
(1)Anypersonwhocommitstheoffencehimselforthroughanothershallbeliableasaprincipal.
(2)Ifmorethanonepersoncommittheoffencejointly,eachshallbeliableasaprincipal(jointprincipals).
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Section26Abetting
Anypersonwhointentionallyinducesanothertointentionallycommitanunlawfulact(abettor)shallbeliabletobesentencedasifhewereaprincipal.
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Section27Aiding
(1)Anypersonwhointentionallyassistsanotherintheintentionalcommissionofanunlawfulactshallbeconvictedandsentencedasanaider.
(2)Thesentencefortheaidershallbebasedonthepenaltyforaprincipal.Itshallbemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).
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Section28Specialpersonalcharacteristics
(1)Ifspecialpersonalcharacteristics(section14(1))thatestablishtheprincipalsliabilityareabsentinthepersonofthesecondaryparticipant(abettororaider)theirsentenceshallbemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).
(2)Ifthelawprovidesthatspecialpersonalcharacteristicsaggravate,mitigateorexcludepunishmentthisshallapplyonlytotheaccomplices(principalsorsecondaryparticipants)inwhosepersontheyarepresent.
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Section29Separatecriminalliabilityoftheaccomplice
Eachaccompliceshallbeliableaccordingtothemeasureofhisownguiltandirrespectiveoftheguiltoftheothers.
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Section30Conspiracy
(1)Apersonwhoattemptstoinduceanothertocommitafelonyorabetanothertocommitafelonyshallbeliableaccordingtotheprovisionsgoverningattemptedfelonies.Thesentenceshallbemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).Section23(3)shallapplymutatismutandis.
(2)Apersonwhodeclareshiswillingnessorwhoacceptstheofferofanotherorwhoagreeswithanothertocommitorabetthecommissionofafelonyshallbeliableunderthesameterms.
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Section31Withdrawalfromconspiracy
(1)Apersonshallnotbeliableundersection30ifhevoluntarily
1.givesuptheattempttoinduceanothertocommitafelonyandaverts
anyexistingdangerthattheothermaycommittheoffence
2.afterhavingdeclaredhiswillingnesstocommitafelony,givesuphisplanor
3.afterhavingagreedtocommitafelonyoracceptedtheofferofanothertocommitafelonypreventsthecommissionoftheoffence.
(2)Iftheoffenceisnotcompletedregardlessofhisactionsorifitiscommittedindependentlyofhispreviousconduct,hisvoluntaryandearnestefforttopreventthecompletionoftheoffenceshallsufficeforexemptionfromliability.
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FOURTHTITLESELFDEFENCE,NECESSITYANDDURESS
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Section32Selfdefence
(1)Apersonwhocommitsanactinselfdefencedoesnotactunlawfully.
(2)Selfdefencemeansanydefensiveactionthatisnecessarytoavertanimminentunlawfulattackononeselforanother.
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Section33Excessiveselfdefence
Apersonwhoexceedsthelimitsofselfdefenceoutofconfusion,fearorterrorshallnotbeheldcriminallyliable.
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Section34Necessity
Apersonwho,facedwithanimminentdangertolife,limb,freedom,honour,propertyoranotherlegalinterestwhichcannototherwisebeaverted,commitsanacttoavertthedangerfromhimselforanother,doesnotactunlawfully,if,uponweighingtheconictinginterests,inparticulartheaffectedlegalinterestsandthedegreeofthedangerfacingthem,theprotectedinterestsubstantiallyoutweighstheoneinterferedwith.Thisshallapplyonlyifandtotheextentthattheactcommittedisanadequatemeanstoavertthedanger.
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Section35Duress
(1)Apersonwho,facedwithanimminentdangertolife,limborfreedomwhichcannototherwisebeaverted,commitsanunlawfulacttoavertthedangerfromhimself,arelativeorpersonclosetohim,actswithoutguilt.Thisshallnotapplyifandtotheextentthattheoffendercouldbeexpectedunderthecircumstancestoacceptthedanger,inparticular,becausehehimselfhadcausedthedanger,orwasunderaspeciallegalobligationtodosothesentencemaybemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1)unlesstheoffenderwasrequiredtoacceptthedangerbecauseofaspeciallegalobligationtodoso.
(2)Ifatthetimeofthecommissionoftheactapersonmistakenlyassumesthatcircumstancesexistwhichwouldexcusehimundersubsection(1)above,hewillonlybeliableifthemistakewasavoidable.Thesentenceshallbemitigatedpursuanttosection49(1).
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FIFTHTITLEIMMUNITYFORSTATEMENTSANDREPORTSMADEINPARLIAMENT
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Section36Parliamentarystatements
DelegatesoftheFederalParliament,theFederalAssemblyorofalegislativebodyofamemberstateshallatalltimesbeimmunefromexternalliabilitybecauseofavotetheycastorastatementtheymadewithinoneofthosebodiesoroneoftheircommittees.Thisshallnotapplytointentionaldefamations.
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Section37Parliamentaryreports
Truthfulreportsaboutthepublicsessionsofthebodiesindicatedinsection36ortheircommitteesshallnotgiverisetoanyliability.
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CHAPTERTHREESANCTIONS
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FIRSTTITLEPENALTIES
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Imprisonment
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Section38Termofimprisonment
(1)Imprisonmentshallbeforafixedtermunlessthelawprovidesforlifeimprisonment.
(2)Themaximumtermoffixedtermimprisonmentshallbefifteenyears,theminimumtermonemonth.
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Section39Determinationoffixedtermimprisonment
Imprisonmentforlessthanayearshallbedeterminedinfullweeksandmonths,imprisonmentforalongerperiodinfullmonthsandyears.
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Fine
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Section40Dayfineunits
(1)Afineshallbeimposedindailyunits.Theminimumfineshallconsistoffiveand,unlessthelawprovidesotherwise,themaximumshallconsistofthreehundredandsixtyfulldailyunits.
(2)Thecourtshalldeterminetheamountofthedailyunittakingintoconsiderationthepersonalandfinancialcircumstancesoftheoffender.Indoingso,itshalltypicallybaseitscalculationontheactualaverageonedaynetincomeoftheoffenderortheaverageincomehecouldachieveinoneday.Adailyunitshallnotbesetatlessthanoneandnotatmorethanthirtythousandeuros.
(3)Theincomeoftheoffender,hisassetsandotherrelevantassessmentfactorsmaybeestimatedwhensettingtheamountofadailyunit.
(4)Thenumberandamountofthedailyunitsshallbeindicatedinthedecision.
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Section41Finesinadditiontoimprisonment
Iftheoffenderthroughthecommissionoftheoffenceenrichedortriedtoenrichhimself,afinewhichotherwisewouldnothavebeenprovidedfororonlyinthealternativemaybeimposedinadditiontoimprisonmentifthisappearsappropriatetakingintoconsiderationthepersonalandfinancialcircumstancesoftheoffender.Thisdoesnotapplyifthecourtimposesanorderpursuanttosection43a.
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Section42Allowingtimeforpaymentinstalments
Ifaconvictedoffender,duetohispersonalorfinancialcircumstances,cannotbeexpectedtopaythefullfineimmediately,thecourtshallallowacertaintimeforpaymentorallowpaymentinspecifiedinstalments.Thecourtmayalsoorderthattheprivilegeofpayingthefineinfixedinstalmentswillberevokediftheconvictedoffenderfailstopayaninstalmentintime.Thecourtshallalsoallowforsuchconditionsofpaymentifwithoutthemtherestitutionbytheoffenderofanydamagecausedbytheoffenceweretobesubstantiallyimpairedthecourtmayrequiretheoffendertopresentproofofrestitution.
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Section43Imprisonmentfordefaultofpayment
Ifthefinecannotberecovered,itshallbereplacedbyimprisonment.Onedailyunitshallcorrespondtoonedayofimprisonment.Theminimumtermofimprisonmentfordefaultofpaymentshallbeoneday.
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Confiscatoryexpropriationorder
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Section43aConfiscatoryexpropriationorder
(1)Ifthelawreferstothisprovisionthecourtmay,inadditiontoimprisonmentforlifeorforafixedtermofmorethantwoyears,orderpaymentofasumofmoneytheamountofwhichshallbelimitedbythevalueoftheoffendersassets(confiscatoryexpropriationorder).Materialbenefitswhichhavebeenconfiscatedshallnotbetakenintoaccountwhenassessingthevalueoftheassets.Thevalueoftheassetsmaybeestimated.
(2)Section42shallapplymutatismutandis.
(3)Thecourtshallindicateatermofimprisonmentwhichshallbesubstitutediftheamountcannotberecovered(defaultimprisonment).Themaximumtermofdefaultimprisonmentshallbetwoyears,itsminimumonemonth.
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Ancillarypenalty
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Section44Temporarydrivingban
(1)Ifapersonhasbeensentencedtoimprisonmentortoafineforanoffencecommittedinconnectionwiththedrivingofamotorvehicleorinviolationofthedutiesofadriverofamotorvehicle,thecourtmayimposeabanprohibitinghimfromdrivinganyclassofmotorvehicleoraspecificclassonpublicroadsforaperiodoffromonetothreemonths.Adrivingbanshalltypicallybeimposedincasesofaconvictionundersection315c(1)No1(a),(3)orsection316unlessadisqualificationorderhasbeenmadeundersection69.
(2)Thedrivingbanshalltakeeffectuponthejudgmenthavingbecomefinal.NationalandinternationaldrivinglicencesissuedbyaGermanpublicauthorityshallbekeptinofficialsafekeepingforitsduration.ThisshallalsoapplyifthedrivinglicencewasissuedbyapublicauthorityofamemberstateoftheEuropeanUnionoranothersignatorystateoftheTreatyontheEuropeanEconomicAreaiftheholderisordinarilyresidentinGermany.Thedrivingbanshallbeendorsedonanyotherforeigndrivinglicences.
(3)Ifadrivinglicenceistobekeptinofficialsafekeepingorthedrivingbantobeendorsedonaforeigndrivinglicence,thedurationofthebanshallbecalculatedfromthedaythatthoseconditionshavebeencompliedwith.Anyperiodduringwhichtheoffenderwaskeptindetentioninaninstitutionpursuanttoanorderofapublicauthorityshallnotcounttowardstheduration.
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Ancillarymeasures
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Section45Lossofabilitytoholdpublicoffice,tovoteandbeelectedinpublicelections
(1)Apersonwhohasbeensentencedforafelonytoatermofimprisonmentofnotlessthanoneyearshall,fora
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periodoffiveyears,losetheabilitytoholdpublicofficeandbeelectedinpublicelections.
(2)Thecourtmaydepriveaconvictedpersonoftheabilityindicatedinsubsection(1)aboveforaperiodoffromtwotofiveyearsifthelawexpresslysoprovides.
(3)Atthesametimethatthelossofabilitytoholdpublicofficetakeseffect,theconvictedpersonshallloseanycorrespondinglegalpositionsandrightshemayatthattimehold.
(4)Atthesametimethelossoftheabilitytobeelectedinpublicelectionstakeseffect,theconvictedpersonshallloseanycorrespondinglegalpositionsandrightshemayholdunlessthelawprovidesotherwise.
(5)Thecourtmaydeprivetheconvictedpersonoftherighttotakepartinelectionsortovoteinpublicaffairsforaperiodoffromtwotofiveyearsifthelawexpresslysoprovides.
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Section45aEntryintoeffectandcalculationofduration
(1)Thelossoftheability,legalpositionsandrightsshalltakeeffectuponthejudgmenthavingbecomefinal.
(2)Thedurationofthelossofabilityorofarightshallbecalculatedfromthedaythetermofimprisonmenthasbeenserved,barredbythestatuteoflimitationsorremitted.Ifacustodialmeasureofrehabilitationandincapacitationhadbeenorderedinadditiontoimprisonment,thedurationshallbeginonthedaythatmeasurehasbeenserved.
(3)Ifthesentenceorthemeasurehadbeensuspendedorconditionalearlyreleasegrantedunderaperiodofprobation,oranexecutivepardongranted,anyoperationalprobationaryperiodshallbeincludedinthecalculationofthedurationif,afteritsexpiration,thesentenceortheremainderthereofhasbeenremitted,orwhenthemeasurehasbeencompleted.
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Section45bReinstatement
(1)Thecourtmayreinstateabilitieslostpursuanttosection45(1)and(2),andrightslostpursuanttosection45(5),if
1.thelosshasbeenineffectforhalfofitsdurationand
2.itcanbeexpectedthattheconvictedpersonwillcommitnofurtherintentionaloffences.
(2)Anyperiodduringwhichtheoffenderwaskeptindetentioninaninstitutionpursuanttoanorderofapublicauthorityshallnotcounttowardstheduration.
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SECONDTITLESENTENCING
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Section46Principlesofsentencing
(1)Theguiltoftheoffenderisthebasisforsentencing.Theeffectswhichthesentencecanbeexpectedtohaveontheoffendersfuturelifeinsocietyshallbetakenintoaccount.
(2)Whensentencingthecourtshallweighthecircumstancesinfavourofandagainsttheoffender.Considerationshallinparticularbegivento
themotivesandaimsoftheoffender
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theattitudereflectedintheoffenceandthedegreeofforceofwill
involvedinitscommission
thedegreeoftheviolationoftheoffendersduties
themodusoperandiandtheconsequencescausedbytheoffencetothe
extentthattheoffenderistoblameforthem
theoffenderspriorhistory,hispersonalandfinancialcircumstances
hisconductaftertheoffence,particularlyhiseffortstomakerestitution
fortheharmcausedaswellastheoffenderseffortsatreconciliationwiththevictim.
(3)Circumstanceswhicharealreadystatutoryelementsoftheoffencemustnotbeconsidered.
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Section46aOffendervictimmediationrestitution
Iftheoffender,
1.inanefforttoachievereconciliationwiththevictim(offendervictimmediation),hasmadefullrestitutionorthemajorpartthereofforhisoffence,orhasearnestlytriedtomakerestitutionor
2.inacaseinwhichmakingrestitutionfortheharmcausedrequiredsubstantialpersonalservicesorpersonalsacrificeonhispart,hasmadefullcompensationorthemajorpartthereoftothevictim,
thecourtmaymitigatethesentencepursuanttosection49(1)or,unlessthesentencetobeimposedontheoffenderisimprisonmentnotexceedingoneyearorafinenotexceedingthreehundredandsixtydailyunits,mayorderadischarge.
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Section46bContributingtothediscoveryorpreventionofseriousoffences
(1)Iftheperpetratorofanoffencepunishablebyanincreasedminimumsentenceofimprisonmentorasentenceoflifeimprisonment,
1.hassubstantiallycontributedtothediscoveryofanoffenceundersection100a(2)oftheCodeofCriminalProcedurewhichisrelatedtohisownoffencebyvoluntarilydisclosinghisknowledge,or
2.voluntarilydiscloseshisknowledgetoanofficialauthorityintimeforthecompletionofanoffenceundersection100a(2)oftheCodeofCriminalProcedurerelatedtohisownoffence,theplanningofwhichheisawareof,tobeaverted,
thecourtmaymitigatethesentenceundersection49(1)asentenceoflifeimprisonmentshallbereplacedwithatermofimprisonmentofnolessthantenyears.Inordertodeterminewhetheranoffenceispunishablebyanincreasedminimumsentenceofimprisonment,onlyaggravationsforespeciallyseriouscasesbutnomitigationsshallbetakenintoaccount.Iftheoffenderparticipatedintheoffence,hiscontributiontoitsdiscoveryunderthe1stsentenceNo.1abovemustexceedhisowncontribution.Insteadofareductioninsentencethecourtmayorderadischargeiftheoffenceispunishablebyafixedtermsentenceofimprisonmentonlyandtheoffenderwouldnotbesentencedtoatermexceedingthreeyears.
(2)Inarrivingatitsdecisionundersubsection(1)abovethecourtshallhaveparticularregardto:
1.thenatureandscopeofthedisclosedfactsandtheirrelevancetothediscoveryorpreventionoftheoffence,thetimeofdisclosure,thedegreeofsupportgiventotheprosecutingauthoritiesbytheoffenderandthegravityoftheoffencetowhichhisdisclosurerelates,aswellas
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2.therelationshipofthecircumstancesmentionedinNo.1abovetothegravityoftheoffencecommittedbyandthedegreeofguiltoftheoffender.
(3)Amitigationofsentenceoradischargeundersubsection(1)aboveshallbeexcludediftheoffenderdiscloseshisknowledgeonlyaftertheindictmentagainsthimhasbeenadmittedbythetrialcourt(section207oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure).
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Section47Shorttermsofimprisonmentastheexception
(1)Thecourtshallnotimposeatermofimprisonmentoflessthansixmonthsunlessspecialcircumstancesexist,eitherintheoffenceorthepersonoftheoffender,thatstrictlyrequiretheimpositionofimprisonmenteitherforthepurposeofreformoftheoffenderorforreasonsofgeneraldeterrence.
(2)Ifthelawdoesnotprovideforafineandatermofimprisonmentofsixmonthsormoreisnottobeimposed,thecourtshallimposeafineunlesstheimpositionofasentenceofimprisonmentisstrictlyrequiredpursuanttosubsection(1)above.Ifthelawprovidesforanincreasedminimumtermofimprisonment,theminimumfineincasescoveredbythe1stsentenceofthissubsectionshallbedeterminedbytheminimumtermofimprisonmentthirtydailyunitsshallcorrespondtoonemonthsimprisonment.
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Section48(repealed)
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Section49Specialmitigatingcircumstancesestablishedbylaw
(1)Ifthelawrequiresorallowsformitigationunderthisprovision,thefollowingshallapply:
1.Imprisonmentofnotlessthanthreeyearsshallbesubstitutedforimprisonmentforlife.
2.Incasesofimprisonmentforafixedterm,nomorethanthreequartersofthestatutorymaximumtermmaybeimposed.Incaseofafinethesameshallapplytothemaximumnumberofdailyunits.
3.Anyincreasedminimumstatutorytermofimprisonmentshallbereducedasfollows:
aminimumtermoftenorfiveyears,totwoyears
aminimumtermofthreeortwoyears,tosixmonths
aminimumtermofoneyear,tothreemonths
inallothercasestothestatutoryminimum.
(2)Ifthecourtmayinitsdiscretionmitigatethesentencepursuanttoalawwhichreferstothisprovision,itmayreducethesentencetothestatutoryminimumorimposeafineinsteadofimprisonment.
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Section50Multiplemitigatingcircumstances
Acircumstancewhichaloneortogetherwithothercircumstancesjustifiestheassumptionofamitigatedoffenceundertheprovisionsofthespecialpartandwhichisalsoaspecialstatutorymitigatingcircumstanceforthepurposesofsection49,mayonlybeconsideredonce.
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Section51
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Effectoftimespentincustody
(1)Ifaconvictedpersonhadbeenremandedincustodyorotherwisebeenkeptindetentionbecauseofanoffencewhichisorwastheobjectoftheproceedings,anytimespentinsuchcustodyordetentionshallbecreditedtowardsafixedtermofimprisonmentorafine.Thecourtmayorderforsuchtimenottobecreditedinwholeorinpartifinlightoftheconductoftheconvictedpersonaftertheoffencethiswouldbeinappropriate.
(2)Ifinalaterproceedinganothersentenceissubstitutedforapreviouslyimposedsentenceafterthatsentencehadbecomefinal,timeservedunderorcreditedtowardstheearliersentenceshallbecreditedagainstthenewsentence.
(3)Ifaconvictedpersonhasalreadybeensentencedabroadforthesameoffence,theforeignsentence,totheextentithasbeenserved,shallbecreditedtowardsthenewsentence.Subsection(1)aboveshallapplymutatismutandistoanyotherdetentionsufferedabroad.
(4)Forthepurposeofcreditingafineagainsttimeindetention,orviceversa,onedayofdetentionshallcorrespondtoonedailyunit.Ifaforeignsentenceortimeindetentionistobecredited,thecourtshalldeterminetherateasitseesfit.
(5)Forthepurposeofcreditingaperiodofprovisionaldisqualificationfromdriving(section111aoftheCodeofCriminalProcedure)againstadrivingbanundersection44,subsection(1)aboveshallapplymutatismutandis.Forthispurpose,theprovisionaldeprivationofadrivinglicenceoritsseizure(section94oftheCodeofCriminalProcedure)shallbeequivalenttoaprovisionaldisqualification.
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THIRDTITLESENTENCINGFORMULTIPLEOFFENCES
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Section52Oneactviolatingmultiplelawsorthesamelawmorethanonce
(1)Ifthesameactviolatesmorethanonelaworthesamelawmorethanonce,onlyonesentenceshallbeimposed.
(2)Ifmorethanonelawhasbeenviolatedthesentenceshallbedeterminedaccordingtothelawthatprovidesforthemostseveresentence.Thesentencemaynotbemorelenientthantheotherapplicablelawspermit.
(3)Thecourtmayimposeanadditionalfinetoanytermofimprisonmentundertheprovisionsofsection41.
(4)Ifoneoftheapplicablelawsallowsfortheimpositionofaconfiscatoryexpropriationorderthecourtmayimposeitinadditiontoimprisonmentforlifeorafixedtermofmorethantwoyears.Inaddition,ancillarypenaltiesandmeasures(section11(1)No8)mustormaybeimposedifoneoftheapplicablelawssorequiresorallows.
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Section53Multipleoffencescommittedbymultipleacts
(1)Ifapersonhascommittedmorethanoneoffence,allofwhicharetobeadjudicatedatthesametime,andincurredmorethanonesentenceofimprisonmentormorethanonefine,anaggregatesentenceshallbeimposed.
(2)Ifatermofimprisonmentconcurswithafine,anaggregatesentenceshallbeimposed.Thecourtmayimposeaseparatefineiffinesaretobeimposedformorethanoneoffence,anaggregatefineshalltothatextentbeimposed.
(3)Iftheoffender,pursuanttoalawaccordingtowhichsection43aisapplicableorunderthetermsofsection52(4),hasasoneoftheindividualsentencesincurredimprisonmentforlifeorafixedtermofmorethantwoyears,thecourtmayimposeaconfiscatoryexpropriationorderinadditiontotheaggregatesentenceformedpursuanttosubsections(1)or(2)aboveifinsuchcasesaconfiscatoryexpropriationorderistobeimposedformorethanoneoffence,anaggregateexpropriationordershalltothatextentbeimposed.Section43a(3)shallapplymutatis
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mutandis.
(4)Section52(3)and(4)2ndsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.
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Section54Fixingofaggregatesentence
(1)Ifoneofthesentencesfortheindividualoffencesisimprisonmentforlife,anaggregatesentenceofimprisonmentforlifeshallbeimposed.Inallothercasestheaggregatesentenceshallbefixedbyincreasingthemostsevereindividualsentenceincurredand,inthecaseofdifferentkindsofpenalties,byincreasingthesentencethatismostsevereinnature.Thepersonoftheoffenderandtheindividualoffencesshallbeconsideredintheirtotality.
(2)Theaggregatesentenceshallbelessthanthesumoftheindividualsentences.Itshallnot,inthecaseofimprisonmentforafixedterm,exceedfifteenyears,inthecaseofaconfiscatoryexpropriationorder,thevalueoftheoffendersassets,andinthecaseofafine,sevenhundredandtwentydailyunitssection43a(1)3rdsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.
(3)Ifanaggregatesentenceistobefixedbasedonatermofimprisonmentandafine,onedailyunitshallcorrespondtoonedaysimprisonmentforthepurposeofcalculatingthesumoftheindividualsentences.
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Section55Subsequentfixingofaggregatesentence
(1)Sections53and54shallalsoapplytoaconvictedpersonwhohashadasentenceimposeduponhimbyafinaljudgmentwhichhasneitherbeenenforced,barredbythestatuteoflimitationsnorremitted,whenthatpersonisconvictedofanotheroffencewhichhecommittedbeforethepreviousconviction.Thatpreviousconvictionshallbethejudgmentinthoseproceedingsinwhichthefactualfindingsunderlyingthenewconvictioncouldlasthavebeenexamined.
(2)Confiscatoryexpropriationorders,ancillarypenaltiesandmeasures(section11(1)No8)imposedintheprevioussentenceshallbeupheldtotheextenttheyhavenotbeenrenderedmootbythenewjudgment.Thisappliesalsowhentheamountoftheexpropriationorderimposedintheprevioussentenceexceedsthevalueoftheoffendersassetsatthetimeofthenewsentence.
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FOURTHTITLESUSPENDEDSENTENCESOFIMPRISONMENT
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Section56Powerofcourttosuspendsentence
(1)Ifapersonissentencedtoatermofimprisonmentnotexceedingoneyearthecourtshallsuspendtheenforcementofthesentenceforaprobationaryperiodiftherearereasonstobelievethatthesentencewillserveasssufficientwarningtotheconvictedpersonandthathewillcommitnofurtheroffenceswithouthavingtoservethesentence.Thecourtshallparticularlytakeintoaccountthecharacteroftheconvictedperson,hisprevioushistory,thecircumstancesofhisoffence,hisconductaftertheoffence,hiscircumstancesandtheeffectstobeexpectedfromthesuspension.
(2)Thecourtmay,undertheconditionsofsubsection(1)abovesuspendtheenforcementofatermofimprisonmentnotexceedingtwoyearsforaprobationaryperiod,ifafteracomprehensiveevaluationoftheoffenceandcharacteroftheconvictedpersonspecialcircumstancescanbefoundtoexist.Inmakingitsdecision,thecourtshallparticularlytakeintoaccountanyeffortsbytheconvictedpersontomakerestitutionfortheharmcausedbytheoffence.
(3)Theenforcementofasentenceofimprisonmentexceedingsixmonthsshallnotbesuspendedwhenreasonsof
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generaldeterrencesorequire.
(4)Thesuspensionmustnotbelimitedtoapartofthesentence.Itshallnotbeexcludedbyanycreditingoftimeservedincustodyonremandoranyotherformofdetention.
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Section56aOperationalperiod
(1)Thecourtshalldeterminetheoperationalprobationaryperiod.Thismustnotexceedfiveyearsnorbelessthantwoyears.
(2)Theoperationalperiodshallcommencewhenthedecisiontosuspendthesentencebecomesfinal.Itmaysubsequentlybereducedtotheminimumorprolongedtothemaximumbeforeitsexpiration.
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Section56bConditions
(1)Thecourtmayimposeconditionsontheconvictedpersondirectedatrepairingtheharmcaused.Nounreasonabledemandsshallbemadefromtheconvictedperson.
(2)Thecourtmayordertheconvictedperson
1.tomakerestitutiontothebestofhisabilityfortheharmcausedbytheoffence
2.topayasumofmoneytoacharitableorganisationifthisappearsappropriateinlightoftheoffenceandthecharacteroftheoffender
3.toperformcommunityserviceor
4.topayasumofmoneytothepublictreasury.
Thecourtshallnotimposeaconditionpursuanttothe1stsentenceofthissubsectionNos2to4unlessthefulfilmentoftheconditiondoesnotimpairtherestitutionfortheharmcaused.
(3)Iftheconvictedpersonofferstoperformappropriateservicesforthepurposeofrepairingtheharmcaused,thecourtshalltypicallypreliminarilyrefrainfromimposingconditionsifitistobeexpectedthattheofferwillbefulfilled.
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Section56cDirections
(1)Thecourtshallimposedirectionsforthedurationoftheoperationalperiod,iftheconvictedpersonrequiressuchassistancetoabstainfromcommittingoffences.Nounreasonabledemandsshouldbeimposedontheconvictedpersonslifestyle.
(2)Thecourtmay,inparticular,directtheconvictedperson
1.tofollowinstructionswhichrelatetohisresidence,education,workorleisure,ortotheorderingofhisfinancialaffairs
2.toreportatcertaintimestothecourtoranotherauthority
3.nottomakeormaintaincontactwiththevictim,orcertainpersonsorpersonsfromacertaingroupwhomayinducehimtocommitfurtheroffences,nortoemploy,trainorharbourthem
4.nottopossess,carryorentrusttoanotherforsafekeeping,particularobjectswhichcouldinducehimtocommitfurtheroffencesor
5.tomeetmaintenanceobligations.
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(3)Adirection
1.toundergomedicaltreatmentofaninvasivenatureortreatmentforaddictionor
2.toresideinasuitablehomeorinstitution
mayonlybegivenwiththeconsentoftheconvictedperson.
(4)Iftheconvictedpersongivesassurancesrelatingtohisfutureconduct,thecourtshalltypicallyrefrainprovisionallyfromissuingdirectionsifitistobeexpectedthattheassuranceswillbefulfilled.
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Section56dSupervisionorder
(1)Thecourtshallplacetheconvictedpersonunderthesupervisionandguidanceofaprobationofficerforallorpartoftheoperationalperiodifthisappearsnecessarytopreventhimfromcommittingoffences.
(2)Thecourtshalltypicallyissueanorderpursuanttosubsection(1)aboveifitsuspendsasentenceofimprisonmentofmorethanninemonthsandtheconvictedpersonislessthantwentysevenyearsofage.
(3)Theprobationofficershallofferassistanceandcaretotheconvictedperson.Incooperationwiththecourtheshallsupervisethefulfilmentofanyconditionsanddirectionsaswellasofanyoffersandassurances.Heshallreportonthewaytheconvictedpersonisconductinghimself,atintervalsdeterminedbythecourt.Heshallinformthecourtastoseriousorpersistentviolationsoftheconditions,directions,offersorassurances.
(4)Theprobationofficershallbeappointedbythecourt.Itmaygivehiminstructionsconcerninghisfunctionsundersubsection(3)above.
(5)Thefunctionsoftheprobationofficershallbeexercisedonafulltimeofficialorhonorarybasis.
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Section56eSubsequentdecisions
Thecourtmayalsomake,modifyorvacatedecisionspursuanttosections56bto56datalaterdate.
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Section56fOrderforsuspendedsentencetotakeeffect
(1)Thecourtshallorderthesuspendedsentencetotakeeffectiftheconvictedperson:
1.commitsanoffenceduringtheoperationalperiodshowingthattheexpectationonwhichthesuspensionwasbased,hasbeendisappointed
2.grosslyorpersistentlyviolatesdirectionsorpersistentlyevadesthesupervisionandguidanceoftheprobationofficer,therebycausingreasonforfearthathewillreoffendor
3.grosslyorpersistentlyviolatesconditions.
No1ofthe1stsentenceofthissubsectionshallapplymutatismutandisiftheoffencewascommittedintheinterimperiodbetweenthedecisionsuspendingthesentenceanditsbecomingfinalitshallalsoapplyincasesofthesubsequentfixingofaggregatesentencesiftheoffencewascommittedintheperiodbetweenthedecisiononthesuspensionofajudgmentincludedintheaggregatesentenceandthedatewhentheaggregatesentencebecamefinal.
(2)Thecourtshallnotorderthesuspendedsentencetotakeeffectifitisoftheopinionthatitwouldsuffice
1.toimposefurtherconditionsordirections,inparticulartoplacetheconvictedpersonunderthesupervisionofaprobationofficeror
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2.toprolongtheoperationalperiodorperiodofsupervision.
IncasespursuanttoNo2abovetheoperationalperiodmustnotbeprolongedformorethanonehalfoftheoriginallyimposedperiod.
(3)Theconvictedpersonshallnotbecompensatedforservicesrenderedinfulfilmentofconditions,offers,directionsorassurances.Ifasuspendedsentenceisputintoeffectthecourtmaycreditserviceswhichtheconvictedpersonhasrenderedinfulfilmentofconditionsundersection56b(2)1stsentenceNos2to4,orrelatedoffersundersection56b(3)towardsthesentence.
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Section56gRemissionofsentence
(1)Unlessthecourtordersthesuspendedsentencetotakeeffect,itshallremitthesentenceafterexpirationoftheoperationalperiod.Section56f(3)1stsentenceshallapply.
(2)Thecourtmayrevoketheremissioniftheconvictedpersonhasbeensentencedtoimprisonmentofnotlessthansixmonthsforanintentionaloffencecommittedduringtheoperationalperiod.Therevocationmayonlybedeclaredwithinoneyearaftertheexpirationoftheoperationalperiodandsixmonthsafterthenewjudgmenthasbecomefinal.Section56f(1)2ndsentenceand(3)shallapplymutatismutandis.
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Section57Conditionalearlyreleasefixedtermimprisonment
(1)Thecourtshallgrantconditionalearlyreleasefromafixedtermsentenceofimprisonmentunderanoperationalperiodofprobation,if
1.twothirdsoftheimposedsentence,butnotlessthantwomonths,havebeenservedand
2.thereleaseisappropriateconsideringpublicsecurityinterestsand
3.theconvictedpersonconsents.
Thedecisionshallparticularlyconsiderthepersonalityoftheconvictedperson,hisprevioushistory,thecircumstancesofhisoffence,theimportanceofthelegalinterestendangeredshouldhereoffend,theconductoftheconvictedpersonwhileservinghissentence,hiscircumstancesandtheeffectsanearlyreleasearetobeexpectedtohaveonhim.
(2)Afteronehalfofafixedtermsentenceofimprisonment,butnotlessthansixmonths,havebeenserved,thecourtmaygrantconditionalearlyrelease,if
1.theconvictedpersonisservinghisfirstsentenceofimprisonment,thetermnotexceedingtwoyearsor
2.acomprehensiveevaluationoftheoffence,thepersonalityoftheconvictedpersonandhisdevelopmentwhileincustodywarranttheacceptanceofspecialcircumstances,
andtheremainingrequirementsofsubsection(1)abovehavebeenfulfilled.
(3)Sections56ato56gshallapplymutatismutandistheoperationalperiod,evenifsubsequentlyreduced,mustnotbelessthantheremainderofthesentence.Iftheconvictedpersonhasservedatleastoneyearofhissentencebeforeconditionalearlyreleaseisgrantedthecourtshalltypicallyplacehimunderthesupervisionandguidanceofaprobationofficerforallorapartoftheoperationalperiod.
(4)Totheextentasentenceofimprisonmenthasbeenreducedthroughcreditfortimeserveditshallbedeemedashavingbeenservedwithinthemeaningofsubsections(1)to(3)above.
(5)Section56fandsection56gshallapplymutatismutandis.Thecourtshallalsorevoketheearlyreleaseiftheconvictedperson,intheperiodbetweenhisconvictionandthedecisionabouttheearlyrelease,hascommittedanoffencewhichcouldforfactualreasonsnotbetakenintoaccountbythecourtwhendecidingontheearlyrelease
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andwhichwouldhaveledtoadenialofearlyrelease,haditbeenknownatthattimetheconvictionshallbethejudgmentinthoseproceedingsinwhichtheunderlyingfactualfindingscouldlasthavebeenexamined.
(6)Thecourtmaydenyearlyreleasefromafixedtermsentenceofimprisonment,iftheconvictedpersonmakesinsufficientorfalsestatementsconcerningthewhereaboutsofobjectswhicharesubjecttoconfiscationorarenotsubjecttheretoonlybecausetheoffencehasgivenrisetoaclaimbythevictimundersection73(1)2ndsentence.
(7)Thecourtmayfixatermnotexceedingsixmonthsbeforetheexpiryofwhichanapplicationbytheconvictedpersonforearlyreleaseshallbeinadmissible.
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Section57aConditionalearlyreleaselifeimprisonment
(1)Thecourtshallgrantconditionalearlyreleasefromasentenceofimprisonmentforlifeunderanoperationalperiodofprobation,if
1.fifteenyearsofthesentencehavebeenserved
2.theparticularseriousnessoftheconvictedpersonsguiltdoesnotrequireitscontinuedenforcementand
3.therequirementsof57(1)1stsentenceNos2and3aremet.
Section57(1)2ndsentenceand(6)shallapplymutatismutandis.
(2)Anydetentionsufferedbytheconvictedpersonasaresultoftheoffenceshallqualifyasasentencewithinthemeaningofsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo1above.
(3)Theoperationalperiodshallbefiveyears.Section56a(2)1stsentence,sections56bto56gandsection57(3)2ndsentenceand(5)2ndsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.
(4)Thecourtmayfixtermsnotexceedingtwoyears,beforetheexpirationofwhichanapplicationbytheconvictedpersonforearlyreleaseshallbeinadmissible.
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Section57bConditionalearlyreleaselifeimprisonmentasaggregatesentence
Ifimprisonmentforlifehasbeenimposedasanaggregatesentencetheindividualoffencesshallbecomprehensivelyevaluatedindeterminingtheparticularseriousnessoftheguilt(section57a(1)1stsentenceNo2).
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Section58Aggregatesentenceandsuspensionofsentence
(1)Ifapersonhascommittedmorethanoneoffencethelengthoftheaggregatesentenceshallbedispositiveforasuspensionundersection56.
(2)Ifincasesundersection55(1)theprevioussentencehadbeensuspendedorearlyreleasefromitgrantedandiftheaggregatesentencehasalsobeensuspended,theminimumofthenewoperationalperiodshallbereducedbyanyoperationalperiodalreadyexpired,butnottolessthanoneyear.Iftheaggregatesentenceisnotsuspendedsection56f(3)shallapplymutatismutandis.
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FIFTHTITLEWARNINGCOMBINEDWITHDEFERMENTOFSENTENCEDISCHARGE
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Section59
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Conditionsforwarninganddeferment
(1)Ifapersonhasincurredafinenotexceedingonehundredandeightydailyunits,thecourtmaywarnhimatthetimeofconviction,indicatethesentenceanddeferitsimpositionif
1.itcanbeexpectedthattheoffenderwillcommitnofurtheroffenceswithouttheimmediateimpositionofthesentence
2.acomprehensiveevaluationoftheoffenceandthepersonalityoftheoffenderwarranttheexistenceofspecialcircumstanceswhichobviatetheimpositionofasentenceand
3.reasonsofgeneraldeterrencedonotdemandtheimpositionofasentence.
Section56(1)2ndsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.
(2)Ancillaryordersforconfiscation,deprivationordestructionmaybeimposedinadditiontoawarning.Awarningwithdefermentshallnotbeconsideredalongsidemeasuresofrehabilitationandincapacitation.
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Section59aOperationalperiod,conditionsanddirections
(1)Thecourtshalldeterminethelengthoftheoperationalperiod.Itmaynotexceedtwoyearsnorbelessthanoneyear.
(2)Thecourtmaydirecttheconvictedperson
1.tomakeeffortsatreconciliationwiththevictimorotherwisemakerestitutionfortheharmcausedbytheoffence
2.tomeethismaintenanceobligations
3.topayasumofmoneytoacharitableorganisationorthepublictreasury
4.toundergooutpatientmedicaltreatmentoroutpatienttreatmentforaddiction
5.toparticipateinasocialtrainingcourseor
6.toparticipateinroadtraffictraining.
Nounreasonabledemandsshouldbeimposedontheconvictedpersonslifestyletheconditionsanddirectionsunderthe1stsentenceofthissubsectionNos3to6mustnotbedisproportionatetothesignificanceoftheoffencecommittedbytheconvictedperson.Section56c(3)and(4)andsection56eshallapplymutatismutandis.
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Section59bOrderfordeferredsentencetotakeeffect
(1)Section56fshallapplymutatismutandistotheorderforthedeferredsentencetotakeeffect.
(2)Ifthedeferredsentenceisnotbroughtintoeffectthecourtshall,uponexpiryoftheoperationalperiod,declarethatnofurtheractionwillbetaken.
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Section59cWarninganddefermentincasesofaggregatesentences
(1)Ifapersonhascommittedmorethanoneoffencesections53to55shallapplymutatismutandistothecalculationofthesentencetobedeferred.
(2)Iftheconvictedpersonissubsequentlysentencedtoafineortermofimprisonmentforanoffencecommitted
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beforethewarningwasgiven,theprovisionsforfixinganaggregatesentence(Sections53to55,section58)shallapply,thedeferredsentenceshall,forthepurposesofsection55,beequaltoanimmediatesentence.
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Section60Discharge
Thecourtmayorderadischargeiftheconsequencesoftheoffencesufferedbytheoffenderaresoseriousthatanimpositionofpenaltieswouldbeclearlyinappropriate.Thisshallnotapplyiftheoffenderhasincurredasentenceofimprisonmentofmorethanoneyearfortheoffence.
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SIXTHTITLEMEASURESOFREHABILITATIONANDINCAPACITATION
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Section61Overview
Themeasuresofrehabilitationandincapacitationare
1.mentalhospitalorders
2.custodialaddictiontreatmentorders
3.detentionforthepurposeofincapacitation
4.supervisionorders
5.disqualificationfromdriving
6.disqualificationfromexercisingaprofession.
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Section62Principleofproportionality
Ameasureofrehabilitationandincapacitationmustnotbeorderedifitsuseisdisproportionatetotheseriousnessoftheoffencecommittedbyorexpectedtobecommittedbytheconvictedpersonandtothedegreeofdangerheposestosociety.
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Custodialmeasures
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Section63Mentalhospitalorder
Ifapersonhascommittedanunlawfulactinastateofinsanity(section20)ordiminishedresponsibility(section21)thecourtshallmakeamentalhospitalorderifacomprehensiveevaluationoftheoffenderandtheactleadstotheconclusionthatasaresultofhiscondition,futureseriousunlawfulactscanbeexpectedofhimandthathethereforepresentsadangertothegeneralpublic.
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Section64Custodialaddictiontreatmentorder
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Ifapersonhasanaddictiontoalcoholorotherdrugsandisconvictedofanunlawfulactcommittedwhilehewasintoxicatedorasaresultofhisaddiction,orisnotconvictedonlybecausehehasbeenfoundtobeinsaneorinsanitycannotbeexcludedontheevidence,thecourtshallmakeacustodialaddictiontreatmentorderifthereisadangerthathewillcommitfutureseriousunlawfulactsasaconsequenceofhisaddiction.
Suchordershallnotbemadeunlessabinitiothereisasufficientlycertainprospectofsuccessthatthepersoncanbehealedbywayofcustodialaddictiontreatmentorthatarelapseintoaddictivebehaviourandthecommissionofseriousunlawfulactscausedbythataddictioncanbepreventedforasubstantialperiodoftime.
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Section65(repealed)
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Section66Detentionforthepurposeofincapacitation
(1)Thecourtshallmakeanincapacitationorderinadditiontothetermofimprisonment
if
1.apersonhasbeensentencedforanintentionaloffencetoatermofimprisonmentofnotlessthantwoyears,and
a)theoffencewasdirectedagainstlifeorlimb,personalfreedomorsexualselfdetermination,
b)theoffencefallsunderChaptersOne,Seven,TwentyorTwentyEightoftheSpecialPart,orundertheCodeofInternationalCriminalLawortheDrugsAct,andthemaximumsentencethreatenedisnolessthantenyearsimprisonment,or
c)violatessection145ainsofarasthesupervisionorderwasmadeonthebasisofanoffenceundera)orb)above,orifitviolates323ainsofarastheoffencecommittedinthedrunkenstatewasoneofthosementionedundera)orb)above.
2.theoffenderhadbeenconvictedforoffencesunderNo.1above,committedbeforethepresentoffence,atleasttwicetoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanoneyeareach,
3.theoffenderhadforatleastoneoftheseoffencesbeforethepresentoffenceservedatleasttwoyearsinprisonorunderacustodialmeasureofrehabilitationandincapacitation,and
4.acomprehensiveevaluationatthetimeofthepresentconvictionoftheconvictedpersonandhisoffencesrevealsthat,duetohispropensitytocommitseriousoffences,particularlyofakindresultinginseriousemotionaltraumaorphysicalinjurytothevictim,heposesadangertothegeneralpublic.
Section12(3)shallapplymutatismutandisfortheclassificationofanoffenceasonefallingunderthe1stsentenceNo1(b)above,and68(1)4thsentencefortheterminationofthesupervisionmentionedunderthe1stsentenceNo1(c)above,
(2)Ifapersonhascommittedthreeoffencesundersubsection(1)1stsentenceNo.1aboveforeachofwhichheincurredasentenceofimprisonmentofnolessthanoneyearandhasbeensentencedtoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanthreeyearsforoneormoreoftheseoffences,thecourtmay,undertheconditionsindicatedinsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo.4above,makeanincapacitationorderinadditiontothesentenceofimprisonmentnotwithstandingthattherewasnopriordetention(subsection(1)1stsentenceNos2and3above).
(3)Ifapersonissentencedtoatermofimprisonmentofatleasttwoyearsforafelony,whichfulfilsthecriteriaundersubsection(1)1stsentenceNo1(a)or(b),oranoffenceundersections174to174c,section176,section179(1)to(4),section180,section182,section224,section225(1)or(2),orforanintentionaloffenceundersection323ainsofarastheoffencecommittedinthedrunkenstateisoneoftheaforementionedoffences,thecourtmaymakeanincapacitationorderinadditiontothesentenceiftheoffenderhadalreadybeensentencedtoimprisonmentofatleastthreeyearsforoneormoreofthoseoffencescommittedpriortothenewoffence,andiftherequirementsindicatedinsubsection(1)1stsentenceNos3and4abovearefulfilled.Ifapersonhascommitted
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twooftheoffenceslistedinthe1stsentenceofthissubsectionforeachofwhichhehasincurredasentenceofimprisonmentofnotlessthantwoyearsandifheissentencedforoneormoreoftheseoffencestoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanthreeyears,thecourtmay,undertheconditionsindicatedinsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo.4above,makeanincapacitationorderinadditiontothesentenceevenintheabsenceofapriorsentenceofimprisonmentordetention(subsection(1)1stsentenceNos2and3).Subsections(1)and(2)aboveshallremainunaffected.
(4)Withinthemeaningofsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo2aboveanaggregatesentenceshallbedeemedasinglesentence.Iftimespentincustodyonremandorotherdetentioniscreditedagainstanytermofimprisonmentitshallbedeemedastimeservedforthepurposesofsubsection(1)1stsentenceNo3above.Apreviousoffenceshallnotbeconsideredifaperiodofmorethanfiveyearshaspassedbetweenitscommissionandthesubsequentoffenceinthecaseofoffencesagainstsexualslfdeterminationtheperiodshallbefifteenyears.Anytermduringwhichtheconvictedpersonwaskeptindetentionbyorderofapublicauthorityshallnotbeincludedinthatperiod.AnoffenceadjudicatedabroadshallbeequivalenttoanoffenceadjudicatedintheFederalRepublicofGermanyaslongasitwouldbeanoffenceundersubsection(1)1stsentenceNo1aboveunderGermancriminallaw,or,incasesundersubsection(3)above,itwouldbeanoffencelistedinsubsection(3)1stsentenceabove.
Footnote:
Section66initspreviousformincompatiblewiththeBasicLaw(Article100(1))accordingtotheoperatingpartofthedecisionoftheFederalConstitutionalCourtof4May2011,FederalLawGazetteIp.1003(2BvR2365/09etal.).
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Section66aDeferredincapacitationorder
(1)Thecourtmaymakeadeferredincapacitationorderif
1.apersonisconvictedofoneoftheoffencesinsection66(3)1stsentence,
2.theremainingcriteriaofsection66(3)arefulfilled,withtheexceptionofthereferencetosection66(1)1stsentenceNo4,and
3.itisnotsufficientlycertainbutprobablethatthecriteriaofsection66(1)1stsentenceNo4aremet.
(2)Thecourtmayalsomakeadeferredorderif
1.apersonisconvictedtoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanfiveyearsforatleastonefelonydirectedagainstlifeorlimb,personalfreedom,sexualselfdetermination,underChapterTwentyEightorundersections250,251,alsoinconjunctionwithsections252or255,
2.thecriteriaofsection66barenotfulfilledand
3.itissufficientlycertainoratleastprobablethatthecriteriaofsection66(1)1stsentenceNo4aremet.
(3)Thecourtshalldecideonmakinganincapacitationorderdeferredundersubsections(1)or(2)abovenolaterthanthedatewhentheprisonershallhaveservedhissentenceinfullthisshallapplymutatismutandisiftheprisonerhadbeengrantedconditionalearlyreleaseandtheremainderofthesentenceisbeingenforced.Thecourtshallmaketheorderifacomprehensiveevaluationoftheprisoner,hisoffencesandalsohisdevelopmentuntilthedateofthedecisionindicatethatheislikelytocommitseriousoffencesresultinginseriousemotionaltraumaorphysicalinjurytothevictims.
Footnote:
Section66ainitspreviousformincompatiblewiththeBasicLaw(Article100(1))accordingtotheoperatingpartofthedecisionoftheFederalConstitutionalCourtof4May2011,FederalLawGazetteIp.1003(2BvR2365/09etal.).
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Section66b
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Subsequentincapacitationorder
Ifpursuanttosection67d(6)amentalhospitalorderhasbeendeclaredmootbecausetheconditioncausinginsanityordiminishedresponsibilityonwhichtheorderwasbaseddidnotexistatthetimeofthatdeclaration,thecourtmaysubsequentlymakeanincapacitationorder
1.ifthementalhospitalorderpursuanttosection63wasmadebaseduponmorethanoneoftheoffencessetforthinsection66(3)1stsentenceorifthepersonhadeitherpreviouslybeensentencedtoatermofimprisonmentofnolessthanthreeyearsorhadamentalhospitalordermadeagainsthimbecauseofoneormoresuchoffenceshavingbeencommittedbyhimpriortotheoffenceleadingtothementalhospitalorderpursuanttosection63,and
2.ifacomprehensiveevaluationoftheperson,hisoffencesandhisdevelopmentuntilthedateofthedecisionindicateahighlikelihoodofhiscommittingseriousoffencesresultinginseriousemotionaltraumaorphysicalinjurytothevictims.
Thisshallapplymutatismutandisifafterservinganorderundersection63atermofimprisonmentimposedatthesametimeistobeenforcedinitsentiretyorinpart.
Footnote:
Section66binitspreviousformincompatiblewiththeBasicLaw(Article100(1))accordingtotheoperatingpartofthedecisionoftheFederalConstitutionalCourtof4May2011,FederalLawGazetteIp.1003(2BvR2365/09etal.).
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Section66cOrganisationofdetentionforthepurposesofincapacitationandofantecedentimprisonment
(1)Detentionforthepurposesofincapacitationshallbecarriedoutininstitutions,which
1.offeralevelofcaretothedetainee,basedonacomprehensivetreatmentexaminationandofaregularlyupdatedimplementationplan,
a)whichisindividualandintensiveandaimedatincentivisingandfosteringthedetaineescooperation,particularlyapsychiatric,psychoorsociotherapeuticaltreatmenttailoredtotheneedsofthedetainee,insofarasstandardisedoffersdonotappearpromising,and
b)whoseaimistominimisethedetaineesdangerousnesstothepublictoadegreethathemaybeconditionallyreleasedfromthemeasureorthemeasuredeclaredmootassoonaspossible,
2.guaranteeadetention,
a)whichburdensthedetaineeaslittleaspossible,matchestherequirementsofcareunderNo1aboveand,securityinterestsnotwithstanding,isadaptedtogeneralconditionsoflife,and
b)whichiscarriedoutinspecialbuildingsorsectionsseparatefromtheprisonregime,unlessthetreatmentunderNo1exceptionallyrequiresotherwise,and
3.inordertoachievethegoalmentionedinNo1b)
a)offermeasuresforanopendetentionregimeandpreparationsforthedetaineesrelease,unlesscompellingobjectionsexist,particularlyspecificfactorsindicatingadangerthatthedetaineemightabscondfromdetentionorusethemeasuresforthecommissionofseriousoffences,and
b)provideanaftercareoncethedetaineehasregainedhisliberty,inclosecooperationwithstateorprivateproviders.
(2)Ifthecourtinitsjudgmentmadeanincapacitationorder(section66),eitherupondeferral(section66a(3))orsubsequently(section66b)orhasmadeadeferredorder(section66a(1)and(2)),theoffendershallalreadyduringhistermofimprisonmentbeofferedthecareundersubsection(1)No1above,inparticularasociotherapeutical
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treatment,withtheaimofmakingtheenforcementofthedetention(section67c(1)1stsentenceNo1)oritsimposition(section66a(3)unnecessaryasfaraspossible.
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Section67Sequenceofenforcement
(1)Ifcustodialordersformeasuresundersection63andsection64aremadeinadditiontoasentenceofimprisonment,themeasuresshallbeservedbeforethesentenceofimprisonment.
(2)Thecourtshallorderthatallorpartofthesentencebeservedbeforethemeasure,ifthepurposeofthemeasurewilltherebybebetterfacilitated.Whenmakinganorderforcustodialaddictiontreatmentinadditiontoatermofimprisonmentofnotlessthanthreeyearsthecourtshallorderthatapartofthesentenceshallbeservedbeforethemeasure.Thatpartofthesentenceistobecalculatedinamannerthatenablesadecisionundersubsection(5)1stsentencebelowtobemadeafterthepartofthesentenceandthemeasurehavebeenserved.ThecourtshalldeterminethatthesentenceshallbeservedbeforethemeasureiftheconvictedpersonisobligedtoleaveandmaybedeportedfromtheFederalRepublicofGermanyandifthereisreasontobelievethathisresidencewithinGermanywillbeterminatedduringthesentenceorimmediatelyafterthesentencewillhavebeenserved.
(3)Thecourtmaysubsequentlymake,modifyorvacateanorderpursuanttosubsection(2)1stor2ndsentencesabove,ifdeemedappropriatebasedonthecircumstancesoftheconvictedperson.
(4)Ifthemeasureisservedinwholeorinpartbeforethesentence,anytimespentservingthemeasureshallbecreditedagainstthesentenceuptoamaximumoftwothirdsofthetermofimprisonment.
(5)Ifthemeasureisservedbeforethesentenceoraremainderofthesentencethecourtmaygrantearlyconditionalreleaseundersection57(1)1stand2ndsentencesifhalfofthesentencehasbeenserved.Ifearlyreleaseisnotgrantedthemeasureshallcontinuethecourtmayorderthatthesentencebeservedinsteadifdeemedappropriatebasedonthecircumstancesoftheconvictedperson.
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Section67aTransfertoanothermeasure
(1)Ifamentalhospitalorderoracustodialaddictiontreatmentorderhavebeenmadethecourtmaysubsequentlytransfertheconvictedpersontoservetheotherofthosemeasuresifthiswouldimprovethechancesofresocialisationoftheconvictedperson.
(2)Undertheconditionofsubsection(1)abovethecourtmaysubsequentlytransferapersonsubjecttoanincapacitationordertooneofthemeasureslistedinsubsection(1).Asubsequenttransfermaybeorderedifthecriteriaundersubsection(1)abovearemetandthetransferisindicatedforthepurposesofcarryingoutamedicaloraddictiontreatment,includingpersonswhoarestillinprisonandwhosedetentionforthepurposesofincapacitationhasbeenorderedordeferred.
(3)Thecourtmaymodifyorvacateadecisionundersubsections(1)and(2)above,ifthereisreasontobelievethatthiswouldimprovethechancesofresocialisationoftheperson.Thecourtmayfurthervacateadecisionundersubsection(2),ifthereisreasontobelievethatservingthemeasuresnamedinsubsection(1)willnotleadtothedesiredresult.
(4)Thelengthofthetermsforservingameasureandtheperiodsofreviewshallbethesamethatapplyforanordermadeinajudgment.Inthecaseofsubsection(2)2ndsentenceabovethecourtshallcarryoutareviewbeforethemeasureisimplementedwithinregularintervalsofnomorethanoneyear,whethertheconditionsforadecisionundersubsection(3)2ndsentenceabovearemet.
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Section67bImmediateorderforsuspendedmeasure
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(1)Ifthecourtmakesamentalhospitalorderoracustodialaddictiontreatmentorderitshallsuspendthemeasureforanoperationalprobationaryperiodifspecialcircumstancesjustifytheexpectationthatthepurposeofthemeasure
maybeachievedinthismanner.Asuspensionshallnotbeorderedifthepersonistoserveasentenceofimprisonmentimposedatthesametimeasthemeasureandwhichhasnotbeensuspended.
(2)Theorderforsuspensionshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjectedtosupervision.
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Section67cDeferredstartdateofdetention
(1)Ifasentenceofimprisonmentisservedpriortoacustodialmeasureorderedforthesameoffenceoroffences,and,beforethesentencehasbeenserved,therequiredreviewshowsthat
1.thepurposeofthemeasurenolongerrequiresitsenforcement,or
2.thatthedetentionforthepurposesofincapacitationorderwouldbedisproportionatebecausetheoffenderwasnot,inanoverallevaluationofthecourseoftheprisonsentenceserved,offeredsufficientcarewithinthemeaningofsection66c(2)inconjunctionwithsection66c(1)No1,
thecourtshallsuspendthemeasureforanoperationalprobationaryperiodtheorderforsuspensionshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.Thereviewunderthe1stsentenceNo1aboveisnotrequiredifthedetentionforpurposesofincapacitationwasorderedbythetrialcourtatfirstinstancelessthanoneyearbeforetheendofthetermoftheprisonsentence.
(2)Ifthecustodialmeasurehasnotcommencedwithinaperiodofthreeyearsofitsorderbecomingfinal,andunlessacaseofsubsection(1)aboveorsection67bexists,themeasuremustnotbeenforcedunlessthecourtsoorders.Timespentbytheconvictedpersonindetentionbyorderofapublicauthorityshallnotbecreditedtotheperiod.Thecourtshallorderitsenforcementifthepurposeofthemeasurestillsorequires.Ifthepurposeofthemeasurehasnotbeenachieved,yetspecialcircumstancesjustifytheexpectationthatitmaybeachievedbyasuspensionorder,thecourtshallsuspendthemeasureforanoperationalprobationaryperiodtheorderforsuspensionshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjectedtosupervision.Ifthepurposeofthemeasurehasbeenachieved,thecourtshalldeclareitterminated.
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Section67dDurationofdetention
(1)Detentionunderacustodialaddictiontreatmentordermaynotexceedaperiodoftwoyears.Thistermshallrunfromthecommencementofthedetention.Ifacustodialmeasureisenforcedbeforeasentenceofimprisonmentimposedatthesametime,themaximumperiodshallbeextendedbythelengthofthetermofimprisonmenttotheextentthetimespentinthemeasureiscreditedtowardsthesentence.
(2)Ifnomaximumperiodhasbeenprovidedortheperiodhasnotyetexpired,thecourtshallsuspendthemeasureforanoperationalprobationaryperiodifitcanbeexpectedthatthepersonsubjecttothemeasurewillnotcommitanymoreunlawfulactsifreleased.Theorderforsuspensionshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjectedtosupervision.Thesameshallapplymutatismutandisifthecourt,afterenforcementoftheincapacitationorderhasbegun,findsthatitsfurtherenforcementwouldbedisproportionate,becausethedetaineewasnotofferedsufficientcarewithinthemeaningofsection66c(1)No1beforeaperiodsetbythecourtnotexceedingsixmonthshaselapsedsuchaperiodshallbesetbythecourtwhenreviewingthesuspensionoftheenforcement,unlesssufficientcareisoffered,indicatingthemeasurestobeoffered.Thesuspensionunderthe1stor2ndsentencesshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.
(3)Iftenyearsofanincapacitationorderhavebeenserved,thecourtshalldeclarethemeasureterminatedandorderthereleaseifthereisnodangerthatthepersonunderplacementwillcommitseriousoffencesresultinginseriousemotionaltraumaorphysicalinjurytothevictims.Theorderforreleaseshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.
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(4)Ifthemaximumperiodhasexpiredthepersonshallbereleased.Themeasureshalltherebybeterminated.Thereleaseshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.
(5)Thecourtshalldeclarethecustodialaddictiontreatmentorderterminatediftheconditionsofsection64nolongerexist.Thereleaseshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjecttosupervision.
(6)If,aftertheenforcementofamentalhospitalorderhasbegun,thecourtfindsthattheconditionsforthemeasurenolongerexistorthatthecontinuedenforcementofthemeasurewouldbedisproportionate,thecourtshalldeclareitterminated.Thereleaseshallautomaticallyleadtothepersonbeingsubjectedtosupervision.Thecourtshallwaivesupervisionifitcanbeexpectedthatthepersonwillnotcommitanyfurtheroffenceswithoutit.
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Section67eReview
(1)Thecourtmayreviewatanytimewhetherthefurtherenforcementofthecustodialmeasureshouldbesuspendedorthemeasurebedeclaredterminated.Itmustperformthereviewwithinspecifiedperiods.
(2)Thespecifiedperiodsshallbesixmonthsforacustodialaddictiontreatmentorderoneyearforamentalhospitalorderoneyearforincapacitationorders,aftertenyearsofdetentionninemonths.
(3)Thecourtmayreducetheperiod.Itmayalsosetdateswithinthestatutorylimitsforreviewbeforetheexpirationofwhichanapplicationforreviewshallbeinadmissible.
(4)Theperiodshallrunfromthecommencementofthedetention.Ifthecourtdeniessuspensionorterminationtheperiodshallcommenceanewwiththatdecision.
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Section67fMultipleorders
Ifthecourtmakesacustodialaddictiontreatmentorderanyprevioussuchordershallbedeemedtobeterminated.
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Section67gRevocationofsuspendedmeasure
(1)Thecourtshallrevokethesuspensionofacustodialmeasureiftheconvictedperson
1.commitsanunlawfulactduringtheperiodofsupervision
2.grosslyandpersistentlyviolatesdirectionsundersection68bor
3.persistentlyevadesthesupervisionandguidanceoftheprobationofficerorthesupervisionauthority
andthereisreasontobelievethatthepurposeofthemeasurerequireshisdetention.The1stsentenceaboveshallapplymutatismutandisifthereasonforrevocationarosebetweenthedecisiononsuspensionandthestartofthesupervision(section68c(4)).
(2)Thecourtshallalsorevokethesuspensionofameasurepursuanttosection63andsection64ifthereisevidenceduringtheoperationalperiodofthesupervisionthatunlawfulactsaretobeexpectedfromtheconvictedpersonasaresultofhisconditionandthepurposeofthemeasurerequireshisdetention.
(3)Thecourtshallfurtherrevokethesuspensionifevidence,whichhascometoitsattentionduringtheperiodofthesupervisionandwhichwouldhaveledtothesuspensionbeingdenied,showsthatthepurposeofthemeasurerequiresthedetentionoftheconvictedperson.
(4)Theperiodofdetentionbeforeandaftertherevocationmustnotinitstotalityexceedthemaximumstatutoryperiodforthemeasure.
(5)Ifthecourtdoesnotrevokethesuspensionofthemeasurethemeasureshallbedeemedterminatedatthe
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conclusionoftheoperationalperiodofsupervision.
(6)Serviceswhichtheconvictedpersonhasrenderedinfulfilmentofdirectionsshallnotbereimbursed.
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Section67hLimitedorderformeasuretakingeffectcrisisintervention
(1)Duringtheperiodofsupervisionthecourtmaymakeanorderthatthesuspendedmeasureundersection63orsection64takeeffectforadurationnotexceedingthreemonthsiftherehasbeenanacutedeteriorationofthestateofthereleasedpersonorarelapseintohisaddictivebehaviourandifthemeasureisnecessaryinordertoavoidarevocationundersection67g.Undertheconditionsofthe1stsentenceaboveitmayordertherenewalofthemeasureorextenditsdurationthemaximumdurationofthemeasuremustnotexceedatotalofsixmonths.Section67gshallapplymutatismutandis.
(2)Thecourtshallvacatethemeasurebeforetheexpiryoftheperiodsetpursuanttosubsection(1)aboveifitspurposehasbeenachieved.
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Supervision
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Section68Conditionsofsupervision
(1)Ifapersonhasincurredafixedtermsentenceofimprisonmentofnotlessthansixmonthsforanoffenceinrelationtowhichthelawspecificallyprovidesfortheavailabilityofasupervisionorder,thecourtmaymakesuchanorderinadditiontothesentenceifthereisadangerthatthepersonwillcommitfurtheroffences.
(2)Thestatutoryprovisionsprovidingforsupervision(section67b,section67c,67d(2)to(6)andsection68f)remainunaffected.
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Section68aSupervisingauthority,probationsupport,forensicambulanceservice
(1)Theconvictedpersonshallbeassignedtoasupervisingauthoritythecourtshallappointaprobationofficertosupporthimfortheperiodofsupervision.
(2)Theprobationofficerandsupervisingauthorityshallacttogethertoassistandoffercaretotheconvictedperson.
(3)Thesupervisingauthorityshallsupervisetheconductoftheconvictedpersonandthefulfilmentofthedirectionsincooperationwiththecourtandwiththesupportoftheprobationofficer.
(4)Ifthereisdisagreementbetweenthesupervisingauthorityandtheprobationofficerastoquestionswhichaffectassistanceandcarefortheconvictedpersonthecourtshallresolvethematter.
(5)Thecourtmaygiveinstructionstothesupervisingauthorityandtheprobationofficerconcerningtheirfunctions.
(6)Beforefilingarequesttoprosecuteundersection145a2ndsentencethesupervisingauthorityshallheartheprobationofficersubsection(4)abovedoesnotapply.
(7)Ifadirectionpursuanttosection68b(2)2ndand3rdsentenceshasbeenordered,theforensicambulanceserviceshallworktogetherwiththepartiesmentionedinsubsection(2)above.Subsections(3)and(6)aboveonthepositionoftheprobationofficeraboveshallapplymutatismutandistotheforensicambulanceservice.
(8)Thepartiesmentionedinsubsection(1)aboveandthestaffoftheforensicambulanceservicementionedinsection203(1)Nos1,2and5shalldisclosethirdpartysecretstoeachotherwhichhavecometotheirattentionin
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thecourseoftheiractivitieswithintherelationshipmentionedinsection203orotherwise,totheextentthatthisisnecessarytosupporttheconvictedpersoninavoidingthecommissionoffutureoffences.Moreover,thestaffoftheforensicambulanceservicementionedinsection203(1)Nos1,2and5shalldisclosesuchsecretstothesupervisingauthorityandthecourt,ifintheiropinion
1.thisisnecessaryforthepurposeofensuringthattheconvictedpersonadherestoadirectionundersection68b(1)1stsentenceNo11topresenthimselfatcertainintervals,orthatheparticipates,withintheremitofadirectionundersection68b(2)2ndand3rdsentences,intreatment,
2.theconductoftheconvictedpersongivesreasontobelievethatmeasuresundersection67g,section67horsection68c(2)or(3)arenecessary,or
3.ifthisisnecessarytoavertaseriousandpresentdangertolifeandlimb,personalfreedomorthesexualselfdeterminationofthirdparties.
Incasesunderthe1stsentenceandthe2ndsentenceNos2and3ofthissubsection,informationwithinthemeaningofsection203(1)disclosedbystaffoftheforensicambulanceservicemayonlybeusedforthepurposesmentionedtherein.
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Section68bDirections
(1)Thecourtmay,forthedurationofthesupervisionorforashorterperiod,directtheconvictedperson
1.nottoleavehisplaceofdomicileorhisresidenceoraspecifiedareawithoutthepermissionofthesupervisingauthority
2.nottofrequentspecifiedplaceswhichmayinducehimtocommitfurtheroffences
3.nottomakeormaintaincontactwiththevictim,orcertainpersonsorpersonsfromacertaingroupwhomayinducehimtocommitfurtheroffences,nortoemploy,trainorharbourthem
4.nottoengageinparticularactivitieswhichincertaincircumstancesmaybeexploitedforcriminalpurposes
5.nottopossess,carryorentrusttoanotherforsafekeepingparticularobjectswhichcouldinducehimtocommitfurtheroffences
6.nottopossessordrivemotorvehiclesorparticulartypesofmotorvehiclesorothervehicles,whichincertaincircumstancesmaybemisusedbyhimforcriminalpurposes
7.toreportatparticulartimestothesupervisingauthority,toanotherpublicauthorityortotheprobationofficer
8.toreportpromptlyeverychangeofresidenceoremploymenttothesupervisingauthority
9.toreportinthecaseofunemploymenttothePublicEmploymentAgencyortoanotherauthorisedemploymentagency
10.nottoconsumealcoholorotherdrugs,ifbasedoncertaininformationthereisreasontobelievethattheirconsumptionwillcontributetothecommissionoffutureoffences,andtoundergoalcoholanddrugtestsofanoninvasivenatureor
11.topresenthimselfatcertaintimesoratcertainintervalstoadoctor,apsychotherapistortheforensicambulanceservice,or
12.tocarrytheequipmentfortheelectronicmonitoringofhiswhereaboutsinworkingorderwithhimatalltimesandnottotamperwiththem.
Thecourtshallindicatetheprohibitedorrequiredconductaspreciselyaspossibleinitsdirections.Adirectionunderthe1stsentenceNo12aboveshallbeinadmissible,unless
1.thesupervisionwastriggeredbyhavingservedthetotalityofasentenceofimprisonmentorbyanaggregate
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sentenceofnolessthanthreeyearsimprisonmentoronthebasisofaspentmeasure,
2.thesentenceoraggregatesentenceofimprisonmentorthedetentionwereorderedforoneormoreoffencesasmentionedinsection66(3)1stsentence,
3.thereisadangerthattheconvictedpersonmaycommitfurtheroffencesasmentionedinsection66(3)1stsentence,and
4.thedirectionappearsnecessarytopreventtheconvictedpersonfromcommittingfurtheroffencesasmentionedinsection66(3)1stsentence,bymeansofdataprocessingundersection463a(4)2ndsentenceoftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,inparticularforthepurposesofmonitoringcompliancewithdirectionsimposedunderthe1stsentenceNos1or2above.
Therequirementsofthe3rdsentenceNo1inconjunctionwithNo2abovearemetirrespectiveofwhetherthesupervisionundersection68e(1)1stsentencereferredtothereinhasbeenterminated.
(2)Thecourtmay,forthedurationofthesupervisionorforashorterperiod,givedirectionstotheconvictedperson,particularlyinrelationtoeducation,employment,leisure,orderingoffinancialaffairs,orthefulfilmentofmaintenanceobligations.Thecourtmaydirecttheconvictedpersontoundergopsychiatric,psychoorsociotherapy(therapydirection).Section56c(3)shallapplymutatismutandis,alsoforthedirectiontoundergoinvasivealcoholordrugtests.
(3)Nounreasonabledemandsmaybemadeinthedirectionsonthelifestyleoftheconvictedperson.
(4)Ifbythecommencementofasupervisionperiodanalreadyexistingstateofsupervisionisdeemedterminatedpursuanttosection68e(1)1stsentenceNo3,thecourtshallincludethedirectionsissuedundertheprevioussupervisioninitsownorder.
(5)Totheextentthatthesupervisionofaconvictedpersoninthecasesofsubsection(1)No11aboveorhistreatmentundersubsection(2)aboveisnotcarriedoutbyaforensicambulanceservicesection68a(8)shallapplymutatismutandis.
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Section68cDuration
(1)Theperiodofsupervisionshalllastnolessthantwoandnomorethanfiveyears.Thecourtmayreducethemaximumduration.
(2)Thecourtmaymakeanindeterminatesupervisionorderexceedingthemaximuminsubsection(1)1stsentenceaboveiftheconvictedperson
1.doesnotconsenttoadirectionundersection56c(3)No1or
2.doesnotcomplywithadirectiontoundergomedicaltreatmentoraddictiontreatmentoratherapydirection
andifadangertothegeneralpublicthroughthecommissionoffurtherseriousoffencesistobeexpected.Iftheconvictedpersonsubsequentlyconsents,thecourtshallfixthefurtherdurationofthesupervision.Section68e(3)shallapply.
(3)Thecourtmaymakeanindeterminatesupervisionorderexceedingthemaximuminsubsection(1)1stsentenceaboveif
1.inthecaseofasuspendedmentalhospitalorderundersection67d(2)thereisreasontobelievethattheconvictedpersonisotherwiseabouttolapseintoastateundersection20orsection21resultinginadangertothegeneralpublicbythecommissionoffurtherseriousunlawfulacts,or
2.iftheviolationofdirectionsundersection68b(1)or(2)orotherspecificcircumstancesgivereasontobelievethattheremaybeadangertothegeneralpublicbythecommissionoffurtherseriousoffences,and
a)theconvictedpersonhas,foranoffencelistedundersection181b,beensentencedtoasingleoraggregate
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termofimprisonmentofnotlessthantwoyearsoramentalhospitalorderoracustodialaddictiontreatmentorder,or
b)supervisionunderthecriteriasection68b(1)3rdsentenceNo1wastriggeredandthesentenceoraggregatesentenceofimprisonmentorthedetentionwaswasimposedororderedforoneormorefeloniesagainstlifeorlimb,personalfreedomorundersections250,251,alsoinconjunctionwithsections252or255
Forthterminationofthesupervisionsection68b(1)4thsentenceshallapplymutatismutandis.
(4)Inthecaseofsection68b(1)supervisionshallcommencewhentheorderbecomesfinalinthecasesofsection67b(2),section67c(1)1stsentenceand(2)4thsentenceandofsection67d(2)3rdsentenceitshallcommencewhenthesuspensionorderbecomesfinaloratalaterdateasspecifiedbythecourt.Anytimeduringwhichthepersonwasafugitive,washiding,orwaskeptindetentionbyorderofapublicauthorityshallnotbecreditedagainstitsduration.
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Section68dSubsequentdecisionsreviewperiod
(1)Thecourtmaysubsequentlymake,modifyorvacatedecisionspursuanttosection68a(1)and(5),section68b,section68c(1)2ndsentence,(2)and(3).
(2)Inthecaseofadirectionundersection68b(1)1stsentenceNo12,thecourtshallreviewwhetheritistobevacatedbeforetwoyearshavelapsed.Section67e(3)and(4)shallapplymutatismutanids.
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Section68eTerminationorstayofsupervision
(1)Unlessthesupervisionorderisindeterminateorinthecaseofasuspensionofacustodialmeasure(sections67b(2),67c(1)1stsentence,(2)4thsentence,67d(2)3rdsentence,thesupervisionends
1.withthecommencementofacustodialmeasure,
2.withthecommencementofasentenceofimprisonment,inadditiontowhichacustodialmeasurehasbeenordered,
3.withthecommencementofanewsupervision.
Inallothercasesthesupervisionshallbestayedforthetimeapersonservesasentenceofimprisonmentoracustodialmeasure.Thecourtvacatesanysupervisiontriggeredbythesuspensionofacustodialmeasureifitisnolongernecessaryinlightoftheexistenceofacircumstancementionedinthe1stsentenceNos13above.Ifanewsupervisionisaddedtoanalreadyexistingindeterminatesupervisionorinthecaseofasuspensionofacustodialmeasure,thecourtshallvacatethenewmeasureifitisnotnecessaryinviewoftheexistingone.
(2)Thecourtshallterminatethesupervisionifthereisreasontobelievethatthepersonwillnotcommitanyfurtheroffenceswithoutit.Theterminationmustnotbeorderedbeforetheexpiryofthestatutoryminimumperiod.Thecourtmaysetperiodsnotexceedingsixmonthsbeforetheexpiryofwhichanapplicationforterminationofsupervisionisinadmissible.
(3)Inthecaseofindeterminatesupervision,thecourtshall
1.inthecaseofsection68c(2)1stsentencenolaterthanafterexpiryofthemaximumperiodundersection68c(1)1stsentence,
2.inthecaseofsection68c(3)beforetheexpiryoftwoyears,
reviewwhetheradecisionundersubsection(2)1stsentenceaboveisappropriate.Ifthecourtdeniestheterminationofsupervision,itshallreviewthecasebeforetheexpiryofafurthertwoyears.
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Section68fSupervisionafterservingfullsentence
(1)Ifasingleoraggregatesentenceofimprisonmentofnotlessthantwoyearshasbeenimposedforintentionaloffences,ornotlessthanoneyearforanoffencelistedinsection181b,hasbeenfullyserved,supervisionshallcommenceuponthereleaseoftheconvictedperson.Thisshallnotapplyifacustodialmeasureofrehabilitationandincapacitationisenforcedimmediatelyafterwards.
(2)Thecourtmaywaivesupervisionifthereis