german aerospace centertau.dlr.de/fileadmin/documents/meetings/2005/pdf/...german aerospace center...
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Dokumentname > 23.11.2004
German Aerospace Center
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Folie 2Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
TAU Extensions for Hypersonic Reacting FlowVolker Hannemann
v=7.8 km/sh=200 km
v=11.0 km/sh=200 – ∞ km
v=10.2 km/sh=200 – 36000 km
• Motivation
• Current state of modeling
• Some applications
• Near future work
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Folie 3Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
Reentry in Earth atmosphere
Manoeuvering spacecraft+ high Mach numbers+ low densities+ high temperatures, TPS+ Blackout
Manoeuvering spacecraft+ high Mach numbers+ low densities+ high temperatures, TPS+ Blackout
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Folie 4Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
Perfect Gas Extensions
• High Mach numberStrong shocks: Carbuncle, Multigrid, …
• Low densitiesStrong expansions: near vacuum states
• High temperaturesSurface temperature predictionSurface radiationActive cooling: porous media, ablation
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Folie 5Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
High Temperature Effects
• Vibration of molecules
Behind a strong bow shock occur:
Behind a strong bow shock occur:
+
• Chemical reactions: dissociation / recombination
hν
• Electronic excitation and radiation
• Catalytic surfaces
• Ionisation
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Folie 6Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
Equilibrium Extensions
• Two state variables determine all other variablesp(rho, e), T(rho, e), Ys(rho, e), …
• Transport properties depend on T and YsEffective thermal conductivity models diffusion
• Current developmentsImproved models for internal energiesSmaller curve fits (memory)Better models for transport coefficients
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Folie 7Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
High Temperature Effects
• Vibration of molecules
Behind a strong bow shock occur:
Behind a strong bow shock occur:
+
• Chemical reactions: dissociation / recombination
hν
• Electronic excitation and radiation
• Catalytic surfaces
• Ionisation
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Folie 8Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
Non Equilibrium Extensions
• Additional balance equationsFor partial densities: chemical source termsFor vibrational energies: relaxation source terms
• Transport propertiesSpecies curve fits + mixing rules (Wilke, Yos)
• Diffusion termsFick’s law – binary diffusion modelCatalytic surfaces
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Folie 9Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
Chem.+ therm. non equilibrium
Chem. non equilibrium + therm. equilibrium
Chem. + therm. equilibrium
X-38, Shuttle
Apollo
10% 10% 10% 10%90% 90% 90%
Vibr
atio
n
O2-
diss
ocia
tion
N2-
diss
ocia
tion
Ioni
satio
n
Velocity-Altitude Map Free molecularregime
Tran
sien
tC
ontin
uous
regi
me
laminar
turbulent
Concorde
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Folie 10Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
IMENS -- Test-Model
Flap model
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Folie 11Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
Anströmung im Windkanal
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Folie 12Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
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Folie 13Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
Results of body-flap model 1
Fig. 13: Surface temperature and streamlinesof coupled CFD-CSM solution
Fig. 12: Surface temperature and stream-lines of radiation equilibrium CFD-solution
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Folie 14Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
TAU –Equilibrium: Shock reflection in HEG, num. Schlieren picture
Particle stopper
Shock tube end wall
Nozzle throat
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Folie 15Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology
Department Spacecraft
Near Future Work
• Supersonic turbulent hydrogen combustionScramjet investigations
• Earth reentry from planetary missionsIonization
• Other atmospheresMars: CO2, …Titan: CH4, …
• Improved thermal relaxation
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Dokumentname > 23.11.2004
Thank Youfor your attention!