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    Gastroesophageal Reflux

    Disease( GERD)

    Dr. Tiroy Sari Simanjuntak, SpPD!G"!# "$%& PE#'!"T D!$!% *&"+RS& &"

    !!RT!

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    Pen-ahuluan

    GERD ( refluks gastroesofageal ) adalah

    fenomena yang dapat timbul sewaktu-waktu

    pada populasi umum , terutama sehabis

    makan dan kemudian kembali seperti normal

    refluks fisiologis.

    Dikatakan patologis (GERD) bila terjadi refluks

    berulang dalam waktu lama sehingga menim bulkan keluhankerusakan mukosa esofagus

    !erdapat peningkatan pre"alensi GERD

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    Epi-emiologi

    Di #$ , %%& mengalami GERD

    $wedia ,'& mengalami heartburn

    $ingapura ( '*) '.+ & ,!aiwan +&

    ndonesia ( ),

    .Djamil GERD ++./&, 0RG /.1&

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    !alley et al., BMJ22'3 /4 '/56.

    de 7aeste8ker, BMJ22'3 /4 6%+5.

    9athoo, Int J Clin Pract22'3 004 /+15.:uigley, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20013 1($uppl ')4 $'%5'*.

    Heartburn:

    Burning retrosternal pain radiating upwarddue to exposure of the oesophagus to acid

    Esophagitis :

    Endoscopically demonstrated damage

    to the oesophageal mucosaGastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD: !athological reflux ranges from simple to

    erosi"e to Barrett#s

    $on-erosi"e reflux disease ($ERD: Reflux disease in which erosion does not

    occur

    DefinitionsDefinitions

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    Pathophysiology of GERD

    The pathophysiology of reflux -isease ismultifa2torial

    Gastro-uo-enal fa2tors 3 * !2i- an- pepsin

    * Duo-enal agents

    * Gastri2 emptying

    * 4eli2o5a2ter pylori 6

    Gastroesophageal jun2tion fa2tors 3

    * Transient lo7er esophageal sphin2ter

    relaxation

    * 4ypotensi8e lo7er esophageal sphin2ters

    * 4iatal hernia

    Esophageal fa2tors 3

    * Esophageal 2learan2e

    Geneti2 fa2tors

    Fass R. GERD .2004

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    "mpaire-mu2osal-efen2e

    de 7aeste8ker, BMJ22'3 /46%+5.;ohanson,Am J Med2223 19:($uppl /#)4 $5'2%.

    sali8ary 4;

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    !%&'GE$E) GERD(*:

    Reflu+s isi lambung +edalamesofagus merupa+an hal yang

    normal,!atologis bila teradi gangguan

    bersihan lumen esofagus terhadap isi

    lambung!roses berlangsung lama dan

    berulang

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    !%&'GE$E) GERD(.:

    &eradi penurunan resistensiaringan mu+osa esophagus

    !ola hidup tertentu/ pola ma+an/mero+o+/ berat badan

    )nfe+si H pylori0

    !enurunan tonus sfingter esofagusbawah 0

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    GERD dan motilitas :

    1elainan motori+2motilitas esofagus a+anbera+ibat gangguan terhadap bersihan lumendari reflu+sat,

    3amanya +onta+ reflu+sat dengan mu+osaesofagus disertai dengan fre+uensi reflu+s a+andapat bera+ibat teradinya GERD

    &onus 3E uga dapat bera+ibat lebih

    beratnya +elainan

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    GERD 4 )nfe+si H pylori:

    !eranan infe+si H.pylori dalam patogenesis

    GERD relatif +ecil dan +urang didu+ung oleh

    data yang ada,%da hubungan terbali+ antara infe+si H.pylori

    dengan strain yang "irulens (5ag % !ositif

    dengan +eadian esofagitis/ Barretts esophagus

    & adeno+arsinoma esofagus

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    !ola hidup 4 GERD:

    !eranan al+ohol/ diet serta fa+tor psi+is tida+signifi+an dalam patogenesis GERD,

    Beberapa studi obser"asional telahmenunu++an pengaruh mero+o+ dan beratbadan lebih sebagai fa+tor risi+o teradinyaGERD

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    D)%G$') GERD:

    tandar ba+u diagnosis GERD adalah

    endos+opi saluran cerna bagian atas (5B%

    dengan ditemu+annya mucosal break diesophagus

    %namnesis yang cermat merupa+an alat utama

    untu+ menega++an diagnosis GERD

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    Diagnosis $ERD:

    Geala +lini+ tipi+al GERD

    &ida+ ditemu+annya mucosal break pada

    pemeri+saan endos+opi 5B% !emeri+saan pH esofagus dengan hasil positif

    &erapi empiris yang banya+ di+enal dengan

    Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI est dengan hasil

    positif,

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    Diagnosis

    GERD Endos8opi sal. 8erna bgn atas kerusakan jaringan.+

    #ERD

    o !idak ada kerusakan jaringan (endoskopi)

    o )

    o !erapi empiris (

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    !emeri+saan penunang GERD:

    Endos+opi

    !emeri+saan histopatologi

    !emeri+saan pH metri .6 am

    !enunang diagnosti+ lain:

    Esofagografi dengan barium/ 7anometri

    esofagus

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    $a"ary @ iller. !he Esophagus. n4 Handbook & Atlas o Endoscop!"$olothurn, $witAerland4 Berlag Gassman #G, '6*4 ''521.

    Savary-iller classification

    of esophagitis

    Savary-iller classification

    of esophagitis

    Gra!e " 'ne or se"eral erosions in one mucosal fold

    Gra!e "" e"eral erosions in se"eral mucosal folds/

    the erosions can merge

    Gra!e """ Erosions surrounding the oesophageal circumference

    Gra!e "# 8lcer(s/ strictures/ shortening of the oesophagus

    Gra!e # Barrett#s epithelium

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    :uigley, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol22'3 1($uppl ')4 $'%5'*.

    9athoo, Int J Clin Pract22'3 004 /+15.www.gastrolab.net

    Savary-iller

    classification

    $ne or several erosionsin one m%cosal fol!

    Gra!e " esophagitisGra!e " esophagitis

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    www.gastrolab.net

    Savary-iller

    classification

    Several erosions inseveral m%cosal fol!s&

    the erosions can merge

    Gra!e "" esophagitisGra!e "" esophagitis

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    Creytag et al., #tlas of gastrointestinal endos8opy. www.home.t-online.dehomeafreytagindee.htm

    Savary-iller

    classification

    Erosions s%rro%n!ingthe oesophageal

    circ%mference

    Gra!e """ esophagitisGra!e """ esophagitis

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    Creytag et al., #tlas of gastrointestinal endos8opy. www.home.t-online.dehomeafreytagindee.htm

    Savary-iller

    classification

    'lcer(s)& shortening ofthe oesophag%s

    Gra!e "# esophagitisGra!e "# esophagitis

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    Creytag et al., #tlas of gastrointestinal endos8opy. www.home.t-online.dehomeafreytagindee.htm

    Savary-iller

    classification

    o!erate *arrett+soesophag%s

    Gra!e # esophagitisGra!e # esophagitis

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    9adel, 7=7.

    Savary-iller

    classification

    Strict%re

    Gra!e "# esophagitisGra!e "# esophagitis

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    Creytag et al., #tlas of gastrointestinal endos8opy. www.home.t-online.dehomeafreytagindee.htm

    Savary-iller

    classification

    o!erate *arrett+soesophag%s

    Gra!e # esophagitisGra!e # esophagitis

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    Creytag et al", #tlas of gastrointestinal endos8opy. www.home.t-online.dehomeafreytagindee.htm

    Savary-iller

    classification

    Severe *arrett+soesophag%s

    Gra!e # esophagitisGra!e # esophagitis

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    9adel$aint Cran8is =ospital. n4 Gastrointestinal Pat#olo$!. Cenoglio-

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    !$G

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    =iatus hernia

    Esophageal stri8ture

    Esophageal 8an8er

    7hest pain of 8ardia8 origin

    Cun8tional dyspepsia

    9athoo, Int J Clin Pract22'3 004 /+15.

    Differential diagnosis of GERDDifferential diagnosis of GERD

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    PP"s 4/R!s

    $ifestyle

    mo-ifi2ations

    Prokineti2

    motility agents

    !nta2i-s an-

    alginates

    =atlebakk @ 0erstad, Clin P#armacokinet'+3 14 %*+5

    /2+.

    !pproa2hes

    GERD treatment optionsGERD treatment options

    if ifi i f

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    Re-u2e 7eight

    Stop smoking

    !8oi- reflux*promotingagents (e.g. al2ohol,

    2offee, some foo-s)(not e8i-en2e 5ase-)

    Ele8ate hea-of 5e-

    %o-ifi2ations

    Eat small meals,no late meals,

    re-u2e fat

    3ifestyle modifications for the

    management of GERD

    3ifestyle modifications for the

    management of GERD

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    !R)$)! &ER%!)

    !E$GE$D%3)%$ pH asam lambung

    en

    pada pH 6 a+ti"itas pepsin menurun

    drastis

    En

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    !E$G'B%&%$ GERD:

    7enghilang+an geala 2 +eluhan

    7enyembuh+an lesi esofagus

    7encegah +e+ambuhan

    7emperbai+i +ualitas hidup

    7encegah timbulnya +ompli+asi

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    H9$E9$$ 9#$H9#?

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    &erapi GERD dengan !!):

    !engobatan awal dengan !!) dengan dosis gandaselama ? minggu dengan dosis ganda,

    elanutnya tergantung perbai+an +lini+ dan

    endos+opi/ dalam bentu+ terapi on !eman! ataumaintenance therapy sampai @ bulan

    !!) dosis ganda selama ? minggu dapat memberi+anhealing ratelebih dari ?;A

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    !!)

    !engobatan awal

    6-? minggu

    %lgorithm !engobatan ang

    dianur+an untu+ !asien GERD

    !!)

    'n-Demand

    !!)

    7aintenance

    e"ere EE / eranganang sering

    %tau Respons !!)

    lambat

    8nin"estigated/

    7ild EE

    %tau $ERD

    ndonesia GERD study group

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    1E)7!83%$

    Ter-apat peningkatan pre8alensi GERD Patofisiolgi multifaktor aki5at peningkat

    an asam lam5ung, gangguan motilitas,-ll eluhan 5erupa heart5urn , non2ar-ia2

    2hest*pain

    Terapi life style

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    TERIMA KASIH