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2. 2/35 M. Faizan Mughal, Umair Khaliq, Tasswar Hussain, Arshad Mehmood Contact: umairkhaliq24@gmail.com Supervisor: Mukhtar Ahmed DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SWEDISH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY WAH CANTT JULY 2013 GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION Final Year Project 3. 3/35 Introduction Renewable Energy Vs. Non-Renewable Energy [1] 4. 4/35 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Geothermal Energy is energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of the solid earth. Geothermal production of energy is 3rd highest among renewable energies. It is behind hydro and biomass, but before solar and wind. Layers of Earth [2,3] 5. 5/35 Geothermal in Pakistan According to Alternative Energy Board of Pakistan, a global seismic belt passes through Pakistan and the country has a long geological history of geotectonic events. Two-third of Pakistan lies on fault lines 6. 6/35 6 7. 7/35 LOCATIONS OF GEOTHERMAL SPRINGS IN PAKISTAN LOCATIONS TEMPERATURES Himalayan Collision Zone Turboto das (Gilgit area) Darkot pas (Gilgit area) Garam Chashma Tatta pani Mashkin Sassi ranges up to 910 oC ranges up to 910 oC 850 oC to 2520 oC 51 to 970 oC 860 oC 400 oC Chagai Volcanic Arc Chicken dik spring Koh-e-Sultan springs 25-320 oC Indus Basin Margin (Karachi and Dadu areas) Mangopir area Salt range area 480 oC 25-32 oC Locations of Geothermal Resources in Pakistan [4] 8. 8/35 GEOTHERMAL USAGE 1 : Direct Use Geothermal heat is used directly rather than for power generation For example space heating ,greenhouse heating, Bathing and swimming, Geothermal heat pumps Extract heat from low temperature geothermal resources < 150 oC or 300 oF. Applications sited near source ( 85 C on on If water level is less than the predefined level 14. 14/35 Physical Diagram 15. 15/35 Steam generating assembly is assembled by the combination of following equipments o Pressure cooker o Burnerpipe o Frame o Copper Pipe Steam generating assembly 16. 16/35 FRAME Material = iron Shape= angle iron Size = l*w* h= 4*3*3 (in feet) 17. 17/35 PIPE Material copper Size 5/16 inch Copper has high melting point (1023C) and it does not get oxidized Purpose Steam and water flow 18. 18/35 Temperature Sensors Thermocouples (K-type) Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) 19. 19/35 pressure gauge Operating voltage 220 v Control flow of water and steam Scale 15psi (pounds per square inch) ~1 bar It shows the temperature of pressure cooker in degree centigrade. SOLENOID VALVE thermometer 20. 20/35 TURBINE Cross flow No. of blades 24 blades Blade size l*w=11cm* 1cm 21. 21/35 generator DC 12 Volt RPM measured by using RPM meter Voltage RPM 2 v 497 rpm 4 v 1200 rpm 8 v 2410 rpm 12 v 3420 rpm 22. 22/35 EXHAUST FANS Operating voltage 12 volt dc 7.8 watt Operating voltage 220 volt ac 22 watt WATER PUMP 23. 23/35 WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER Check water level of steam generating assembly Control water pump and solenoid valve 24. 24/35 Water Level Controller 25. 25/35 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT Power circuit takes 220v ac and step down to 24 volts which are further rectified and filtered by capacitor. 7812 IC is used to get 12v for exhaust fans. 7805 IC is used to get 5v for volt and ammeter. Direct 220v ac is supplied to other circuitry. 26. 26/35 Power Supply CIRCUIT 7812 7805 11 2 2 33 220 Vac 2200F 20 pF 12 Vac 27. 27/35 Steam Valve Controller TEMPERATURE METER C POWER SUPPLY 220 Vac SOLENOID VALVE (STEAM FLOW) 94kohm 47kohm 520ohm 12 Vdc RELAY 12 Vdc /220 Vac TEMPERATURE SENSORS 28. 28/35 Project Wiring Diagram 220 Vac DC POWER SUPPLY STEAM VALVE STEAM VALVE CONTROLLER +5V +12V WATER VALVE WATER VALVE CONTROLLER WATER PUMP EXHAUST FAN GND TEMPERATURE METER VOLT AND AMMETER 29. 29/35 PROJECT CALCULATION At 7.5 psi pressure of steam , Generator produces 3.6 volt RPM at 4 volt: 1200rpm 30. 30/35 CONCLUSION It can be seen that a number of thermal springs exist in Pakistan. Studies of these springs are far from complete. It is suggested that detailed geochemical and radiometric studies should be carried out. After the data is collected of these springs is ascertained some of them can be developed as power generation plants as in China, France, USA and Iceland. 31. 31/35 references What is Geothermal Energy? Mary H. Dickson and Mario Fanelli, Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse , Pisa, Italy [1] http://clilenergies.wikispaces.com/1.+Energy+and+sources+of+energy [2] http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phys2900/homepages/Marianne.Hogan/inside.html [3] http://www.kentlaw.edu/faculty/fbosselman/classes/Spring2003/studentpresentations/Geoth ermalRobinson.ppt [4] Investigation of Major Geothermal Fields of Pakistan Using Isotope and Chemical Techniques Manzoor Ahmad, Muhammad Rafiq, Naveed Iqbal, Waheed Akram, M. Azam Tasneem, Mubarik Ali Radiation and Isotope Application Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005 Antalya, Turkey, 24-29 April 2005 32. 32/35 references [5] An Overview of Geothermal Resources of Pakistan Malik Sikander Bakht Geological Survey of Pakistan 84, H-8/1, Islamabad, Pakistan. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2000 Kyushu - Tohoku, Japan, May 28 - June 10, 2000 [6] Geothermal Resources of Pakistan and Methods For Early Stage Exploration Mohammad Naseer Mughal Geological Survey of Pakistan, A.K. Directorate 65.B. Upper Chatter, Muzaffarabad AK, Pakistan Geothermal Training Programme, Orkuslofnun, Grensasvegur 9, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland [7] The Economical, Environmental and Technological Evaluation of Using Geothermal Energy Mohammed Awwad Ali Al-Dabbas European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol.38 No.4 (2009), pp 626-642 EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 33. 33/35 references [8] Geothermal Power Plant Projects in Central America: Technical and Financial Feasibility Assessment Model Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland, Reykjavk, 2012 [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocouple [10]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_thermometer [11] http://janderson99.hubpages.com/hub/Excellent-Prospects-for-Geothermal-Power-in- Australia-America-and-Worldwide https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor http://www.personal.psu.edu/ked2/EE210/Temperature%20Measurement%20using%20sensors%20and%20signal%20conditioning.p pt http://oscar.iitb.ac.in/OSCARPP/Mechanical%20Engineering/UploadedStoryboards/SME030 1P0434Steam%20Turbine.ppt https://sites.google.com/site/ee535test/pavan-naga http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_condenser 34. 34/35 # 35. 35/35