Geosphere

3rd Period

Geosphere Compositional Layers Crust-thin outer layer;

makes up less than 1% of earth’s mass

Mantle-middle layer; composes approximately 64% of earth’s mass

Core-dense inner layer

Brittany Gardner

Geosphere-Physical Layers Lithosphere-composed of

crust and upper mantle; divided into tectonic plates

Asthenosphere-solid layer composed of slow moving mantle rock

Mesosphere-lower mantle Outer Core-composed of

liquid iron and nickel Inner Core-composed of

same material as outer core but solid due to pressure, approximately 4,000-5,000 degrees Celsius

Brittany Gardner

The Geosphere (Asthenosphere)The Geosphere (Asthenosphere)

• The asthenopshere is the layer beneath lithosphere.

• It is a plastic, solid layer of the mantle made of rock that flows very slowly and allows tectonic plates to move on top of it

Trevor Stump

Tectonic PlatesTectonic Plates

• Tectonic plates are large continental plates that glide across the underlying asthenosphere in much the same way as a chunk of ice drifts across a pond.

• Some of the major tectonic plates include the pacific, North American, South American, African, Eurasian and Antarctic.

Trevor Stump

Tectonic Plates (continued)Tectonic Plates (continued)

• The plate move away and collide with each other which causes mountain ranges and deep ocean abysses to form.

Trevor Stump

What Causes Earthquakes?What Causes Earthquakes?Tyler MannTyler Mann

A fault causes earthquakes which are A fault causes earthquakes which are breaks in the Earths crust.breaks in the Earths crust.

Four ways an Earthquake fault Four ways an Earthquake fault can occurcan occur

Normal- Which is one side of the fault line Normal- Which is one side of the fault line moves down and the other plate moves moves down and the other plate moves up.up.

Reverse- Is when one side of the fault line Reverse- Is when one side of the fault line moves up and the other moves down.moves up and the other moves down.

Oblique- Which is when the fault line Oblique- Which is when the fault line moves horizontal and up and down.moves horizontal and up and down.

Strike Slip- Is a movement which fault line Strike Slip- Is a movement which fault line can make a left lateral earthquake and a can make a left lateral earthquake and a right lateral earthquakeright lateral earthquake

Effect an earthquake has on Effect an earthquake has on land land

Two of the most common effects an Two of the most common effects an earthquake has on land are.earthquake has on land are.

Tsunami’s Tsunami’s FireFire

Effects earthquakes have on Effects earthquakes have on life.life.

Tsunami’s can have a huge effect on Tsunami’s can have a huge effect on life because they can make 100 ft. life because they can make 100 ft. tall waves that can flood peoples tall waves that can flood peoples houses.houses.

Fire can kill lots of people because of Fire can kill lots of people because of gas that has leaked because of the gas that has leaked because of the earthquake.earthquake.

Seismic Waves

• Waves of energy that travel through the earth caused by sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion.

• It is energy that travels the earth and is recorded on seismographs.

• There are three different seismic waves- each traveling at a different speed.

• Surface waves- travel along surface of the earth

• P (primary) & S (secondary) waves- travel inside the earth

Geosphere 6:

Describe the effects that a larger-scale volcanic eruption can have on the global climate.

Jamie Worrell

Volcanic Eruptions: Large-scale volcanic

eruptions can strongly influence the Earth’s climate.

Volcanic Eruptions emit large amounts of sulfur dioxide gas into the air, causing a negative reaction in the Stratosphere.

This reaction causes a haze to appear on the Stratosphere, this haze will reflect sunlight.

Jamie Worrell

Continued: If a large scale

eruption were to occur, the haze would be significantly larger.

This would result in more reflected sunlight and in turn will cause global temperatures to decrease.

Jamie Worrell

Sources:Arms, Karen. Holt Environmental Science. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2008.Http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/i

mages/volcano_diagram.jpgHttp://www.wiredprodigy.com/disasters.htmlHttp://www.norcalblogs.com/watts/images/gc

mE1.gif

volcanic eruptions.

• They erupt near the tectonic plate boundaries.

• The volcano erupts when the pressure of the magma inside blows open the solid surface of the volcano.

• The eruptions can cause human loss.

Earthquake eruptions.

• No one knows when earthquakes are going to occur.

• But information can tell you where it will occur so people can be prepared.

““A process in which A process in which the material’s of the material’s of Earth’s surface are Earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, loosened, dissolved, or worn away and or worn away and are transported from are transported from one place to another one place to another by a natural agent, by a natural agent, such as wind, water, such as wind, water, ice, or gravity.” ice, or gravity.”

http://www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk/print/lab-erosion2.gif

http://teamcarterlces.com/images/erosion2.jpg

Jaclyn Lahodny

Wind ErosionWind Erosion

In places where In places where plants grow the plants grow the roots hold the soil roots hold the soil in place. In places in place. In places where there are no where there are no plants wind can plants wind can blow soil away. blow soil away. When the wind When the wind blows the loose soil blows the loose soil away it leaves big away it leaves big rock structures. rock structures.

http://imagecache5.art.com/p/LRG/27/2707/RR1ND00Z/melissa-farlow-a-rock-formation-shaped-by-wind-erosion-overlooks-the-grand-canyon.jpg

http://www.uwsp.edu/gEo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/images/lithosphere/eolian/rock_wind_abrasion_p0772932441_NRCS.jpgJaclyn Lahodny

Water Erosion.Water Erosion. The flow of river water The flow of river water

picks up loose soil and picks up loose soil and washes away this makes washes away this makes the river get wider over the river get wider over time. “over time, rivers time. “over time, rivers can carve deep gorges can carve deep gorges into the landscape. into the landscape. Ocean water can erode Ocean water can erode beaches especially beaches especially during storms, washing during storms, washing the sand dunes away.the sand dunes away.

http://www.gemmadickens.com/uploads/2445d0b91388028239964068.jpg

Jaclyn Lahodny