naTia nafetvariZemeri nebieriZeTea qitoSvili

qarTuli

qarTuli enisa da literaturis saxelmZRvanelo mecxreklaselTaTvis

10ena da literatura

teqstebiteqstis

gagebisaTvisqarTuli ena

mwerlis saxelosno

sasuliero mwerloba

wamebaL wmidisa da netarisa mowamisa qristKsisa haboLsi, ioane sabanisZe 8

qebaL wmidisa haboLsi, ucnobi avtori 28

`abos wamebis~ avtori;

nawarmoebis daweris dro;

nawarmoebis struqtura

29-31

sityvis mniSvnelobis

Secvla; Zveli da axali

qarTuli; msazRvrel-

sazRvruli; Tandebulebi;

zmniswinebi

32-37

teqstologiuri

gamoklveva

38

vefxistyaosani

TinaTinisagan avTandilis gagzavnamis ymis saZebrad 40

Seyra tarielisa da avTandilisa 44

ambavi tarielis gamijnurebisa, pirvel rom gamijnurda 50

nestanisagan tarielis xmoba 54

tarielisa da nestanis piris-pir Seyra 56

ambavi nuradin-fridonisa, odes tariel Seeyara 59

waslva avTandilisagantarielis Seyrad meored 64

povna avTandilisagan dabnedilis tarielisa 69

avTandilisagan fridonisas mislva, tariels rom gaeyara 76

wigni nestan-darejanisa sayvarelTan miwerili 79

wigni avTandilisa fridonTan miwerili 83

waslva avTandilisa gulanSaroT da tarielis Seyra 85

kai yma; `megobrobis

safuZveli `vefxistyaosanSi

wrfeli da didi

siyvarulia~; aristotele

megobrobis Sesaxeb;

detalis mniSvneloba;

`usamarTlo Sirvan-Sah~;

`ori Wotis saubari~

94-105

epiTeti, Sedareba,

alegoria, metafora,

hiperbola; siuJeti,

epizodi

106-108

zmniswinebis Zveli

da axali formebi

`vefxistyaosanSi~

108

qarTlis bedi

bedi qarTlisa, nikoloz baraTaSvili 112

saflavi mefis iraklisa, nikoloz baraTaSvili 124

sumbuli da mwiri, nikoloz baraTaSvili 126

istoriuli

paralelebisaTvis;

konstantine mamacaSvilis

mogoneba

131

orgvari mravlobiTi;

mimarTva, sasveni niSnebi

masTan

132-133

avtoris pozicia poema

`bedi qarTlisaSi~

136

arafrobis uaryofa

kacia-adamiani?!, ilia WavWavaZe 138

mogzauroba kaxeTSi 1855 w., aka morCilaZe 218

bednieri eri, ilia WavWavaZe 226

arafrobis uaryofa

208

pirdapiri da iribi

naTqvami; sxvaTa sityvis

nawilakebi: -meTqi; -Tqo; -o;

frazeologizmebi; Cem da

Cems

228-232

Tavi II

Tavi I

Tavi III

Tavi IV

teqstebiteqstis

gagebisaTvisqarTuli ena

mwerlis saxelosno

sasuliero mwerloba

wamebaL wmidisa da netarisa mowamisa qristKsisa haboLsi, ioane sabanisZe 8

qebaL wmidisa haboLsi, ucnobi avtori 28

`abos wamebis~ avtori;

nawarmoebis daweris dro;

nawarmoebis struqtura

29-31

sityvis mniSvnelobis

Secvla; Zveli da axali

qarTuli; msazRvrel-

sazRvruli; Tandebulebi;

zmniswinebi

32-37

teqstologiuri

gamoklveva

38

vefxistyaosani

TinaTinisagan avTandilis gagzavnamis ymis saZebrad 40

Seyra tarielisa da avTandilisa 44

ambavi tarielis gamijnurebisa, pirvel rom gamijnurda 50

nestanisagan tarielis xmoba 54

tarielisa da nestanis piris-pir Seyra 56

ambavi nuradin-fridonisa, odes tariel Seeyara 59

waslva avTandilisagantarielis Seyrad meored 64

povna avTandilisagan dabnedilis tarielisa 69

avTandilisagan fridonisas mislva, tariels rom gaeyara 76

wigni nestan-darejanisa sayvarelTan miwerili 79

wigni avTandilisa fridonTan miwerili 83

waslva avTandilisa gulanSaroT da tarielis Seyra 85

kai yma; `megobrobis

safuZveli `vefxistyaosanSi

wrfeli da didi

siyvarulia~; aristotele

megobrobis Sesaxeb;

detalis mniSvneloba;

`usamarTlo Sirvan-Sah~;

`ori Wotis saubari~

94-105

epiTeti, Sedareba,

alegoria, metafora,

hiperbola; siuJeti,

epizodi

106-108

zmniswinebis Zveli

da axali formebi

`vefxistyaosanSi~

108

qarTlis bedi

bedi qarTlisa, nikoloz baraTaSvili 112

saflavi mefis iraklisa, nikoloz baraTaSvili 124

sumbuli da mwiri, nikoloz baraTaSvili 126

istoriuli

paralelebisaTvis;

konstantine mamacaSvilis

mogoneba

131

orgvari mravlobiTi;

mimarTva, sasveni niSnebi

masTan

132-133

avtoris pozicia poema

`bedi qarTlisaSi~

136

arafrobis uaryofa

kacia-adamiani?!, ilia WavWavaZe 138

mogzauroba kaxeTSi 1855 w., aka morCilaZe 218

bednieri eri, ilia WavWavaZe 226

arafrobis uaryofa

208

pirdapiri da iribi

naTqvami; sxvaTa sityvis

nawilakebi: -meTqi; -Tqo; -o;

frazeologizmebi; Cem da

Cems

228-232

teqstebiteqstis

gagebisaTvisqarTuli ena

mwerlis saxelosno

tomis da Temis ganaCeni

aluda qeTelauri, vaJa-fSavela 234

igi, jemal qarCxaZe 248

dialeqti da saliteraturo

enal; vaJa-fSavela;

dagvianebuli pasuxi akakis;

kompozitebi erTcnebiani

kompozitebi

284-288

literaturuli

nawarmoebis dawera;

saTauriT `meore

simarTle~

289-290

gayofili lukma

samaniSvilis dedinacvali, daviT kldiaSvili 292 Cemi cxovrebis gzaze

352

Sorisdebulebi, maTi

mniSvneloba teqstSi da

sasveni niSnebi; dialeqtizmi

356-358

davweroT gamokvleva

359

publicistika

kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi, vaJa fSavela 362

ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?, ilia WavWavaZe 365

evropa varT Tu azia?, levan bregaZe 369

abzaci; msjeloba; Tezisi;

argumenti; daskvna

375-377

davweroT publicisturi

werili

378

Tavi VII

Tavi VI

Tavi V

teqstebiteqstis

gagebisaTvisqarTuli ena

mwerlis saxelosno

tomis da Temis ganaCeni

aluda qeTelauri, vaJa-fSavela 234

igi, jemal qarCxaZe 248

dialeqti da saliteraturo

enal; vaJa-fSavela;

dagvianebuli pasuxi akakis;

kompozitebi erTcnebiani

kompozitebi

284-288

literaturuli

nawarmoebis dawera;

mcire zomis Txzuleba

saTauriT `meore

simarTle~

289-290

gayofili lukma

samaniSvilis dedinacvali, daviT kldiaSvili 292 Cemi cxovrebis gzaze

352

Sorisdebulebi, maTi

mniSvneloba teqstSi da

sasveni niSnebi; dialeqtizmi

356-358

davweroT gamokvleva

359

publicistika

kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi, vaJa fSavela 362

ra giTxraT? riT gagaxaroT?, ilia WavWavaZe 365

evropa varT Tu azia?, levan bregaZe 369

abzaci; msjeloba; Tezisi;

argumenti; daskvna

375-377

davweroT publicisturi

werili

378

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1. hgavs Tu ara avTandilis anderZis mocemul strofebSi aRwerili raindi vaJa-fSavelas leqsSi aRweril kai ymis ideals?

2. ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa `vefxistyaosnis~ gmirebsa da vaJa-fSavelaseul `kai ymis~ ideals Soris?

imsjele

1. `vefxistyaosnis~ Seswavlil TavebSi moniSne yvela taepi, sadac moyvare, Zma, Zmobili, da, dobili, Zmadnaficia naxsenebi da Camoayalibe Seni mosazreba `vefxistyaosanSi~ gadmocemuli megobrobis arsis Sesaxeb. ifiqre: ra adgili uWiravT poemis gmirebs erTmaneTis cxovrebaSi. Seni mosaz-reba daasabuTe. gaiTvaliswine yvela samuSao, romelic aqamde SeasruleT.

2. `sami aris moyvrisagan moyvrobisa gamoCena:

pirvel, ndoma siaxlisa, siSorisa ver-moTmena,

micema da aras Suri, Cuqebisa ar-mowyena,

gavlena da moxmareba, misad rgebad velTa rbena~.

Seni sityvebiT gadmoeci, avTandilis azri megobrobaze da imsjele zeviT moy-vanil romel TeoriasTan SeiZleba davakavSiroT es mosazreba.

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`vin moyvaresa ar eZebs, igi Tavisa mteria.~, – es, ra Tqma unda, marto efeqturi poeturi fraza ar aris, igi mTeli Cveni xalxis moraluri kodeqsis, sulieri kon-stituciis erT-erTi ZiriTadi paragrafia, romelic mxolod da mxolod TanasworTa, TanabaruflebianTa megobrobas, urTierTgagebasa da pativiscemas gulisx-mobs da ara Zlieri mfarvelis Zebnas.~

Tamaz WilaZe, `vardis furclobis niSani~

`kargi amxanagi advilad ar iSovebis, gzaze cudad ar ipovebis, iafad veravin iyidis.

amxanagi cixe wyliania, zRude maRalia, simagre daurRvevelia.

amxanagi lxini friadia, sixarulTa gamamdidrebelia, sufraTa Semamkobelia.

amxanagi gulTa naTelia, TvalTa Cinia, mklavTa Zalia da zurgTa mombmelia.

amxanagi mterTaTvis mazianebelia, moyvareTaTvis saimedovnea, ucxos Tana gamosaCenia da mecniersa Tana mosamsaxurea.

amxanagi WirSi momxmaria, sneulebaSi mkurnalia, sikvdilSi Tavis wamgebia.

amxanagis ukeTessa Sen ras iSovni? rad gZulan, rad eSuRvli, rad ekamaTebi? me mravali kargi kaci minaxavs, mamaSvilobasa da Zmobas gahyrodes da amxanags Seswyobodes.

amxanagSi Tu ar siyvaruli, saqiSpari ara aris ra.~

sulxan-saba orbeliani `sibrZne sicruisa~ sulxan-saba orbeliani `sibrZne sicruisa~ sulxan-saba orbeliani `sibrZne sicruisa~

1. rogorc xedav, sulxan-saba pirdapir CamoTvlis amxanagis mTavar Tvisebebs. miaqci-eT yuradReba dasawyissa da dasasruls: amxanagis povna Znelia da amxanagebs Soris siyvarulis garda sxva grZnoba ar unda arsebobdes. gaavleT paralelebi da imsjeleT, ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa mocemul nawyvetsa da `vefxistyaosanSi~ gadmocemul megobrobas Soris.

megobari – ese ars miwyiv gauyari saTanado moyvasi.

samudamod gauyari sayvareli. maradis mis Tana myofi.

sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli

samudamod gauyari sayvareli. maradis mis Tana myofi.

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sami Zma qarTul zRaparSi da `vefxistyaosnis~ gmirebi`borotsa sZlia keTilman, arseba misi grZelia~, – ambobs gulan-

Sarodan tarielTan dabrunebuli avTandili. man ukve icis, sad aris nestan-darejani da megobrebs saboloo miznis miRwevamde erTi nabijiRa aSorebT: unda gaaTavisuflon tarielis mze. avTandilma icis, rom amis gakeTeba ar gauWirdebaT, radgan `sadaca Sen da Seni Zma xarT, Zneli gaadvildebis.~

qarTul xalxur zRaprebSi Zalian gavrcelebulia sami Zmis ambavi. amasTan Zmebidan umcrosi yovelTvis gamorCeulia. is aRwevs mizans, poulobs gzas, gamosavals, is exmareba ufros Zmas da a. S. mTavari ki isaa, rom bolos samive erTad imarjvebs. asea TqmulebaSi amiranis Sesaxeb, sadac badri, usupi da amirani koSkSi Caketil mze-Tunaxavs erTad itaceben da mtersac erTiani ZalebiT umklavdebi-an.

SeuZlebelia, `vefxistyaosnis~ samma gmirma ar gagvaxsenos sami Zma qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebidan. gavixsenoT `wigni avTandilisa fridonTan miwerili~, romelSic arabeTis spaspeti wers: `umcros-ma Zmaman Soridan salami daviyefeo.~ zRaprebSi aRwerili umcrosi Zmis msgavsad, `vefxistyaosanSic~ swored avTandili asrulebs yvelaze rTul davalebas, iCens Tavdadebas da aRwevs sasurvel mizans.

`megobrobis safuZveli `vefxistyaosanSi wrfeli da didi siyvarulia~.

`megobrobas `vefxistyaosnis~ qargaSi TiTqmis iseTive adgi-li uWiravs, rogorc siyvaruls. avtori mas siyvarulis Tanabar Rirsebas aniWebs. megobroba `vefxistyaosanSi~ ar aris mxolod principi, vali an mcneba – igi iseTive cxoveli grZnobaa, rogorc siyvaruli. megobrobasac axasiaTebs xeloba – gonebis mZlevi, mouTmeneli survili naxvisa da Svelisa. megobrobac gangebisagan movlenili grZnobaa, romelsac adamiani Tavisi nebiT ver wauva. magram, Tu poemis mixedviT, siyvaruli winaaRmdegobrivi grZnobaa (tanjvisa da netarebis Semcveli), megobrobas es winaaRmdegoba ar axasiaTebs, igi, ase vTqvaT, pirdapiri grZnobaa.~

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aristotele megobrobis Sesaxeb`megobroba aris an erTgvari saTnoeba, an saTnoebis Sedegi.

is uaRresad aucilebelia cxovrebisaTvis... gaWirvebisa da sxva ubedurebis dros erTaderT TavSesafars megobrebi warmoad-genen,~ – ase axasiaTebs megobrobis ideas aristotele naSromSi `nikomaqes eTika~. xolo megobrobis Sedegs ase ganmartavs: `rodesac isini erTad arian, ukeT azrovneben da ukeT moqmede-ben.~

aristoteles azriT, WeSmariti megobrobisaTvis ramdenime pirobaa saWiro:

1) megobrebs erTmaneTisaTvis sikeTe unda surdeT, rac uangaro, wrfeli siyvarulis gareSe SeuZlebelia. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi iqneba megobroba namdvili da, Sesabamisad, maradi-ulic. sikeTis gakeTeba megobrisaTvis ki avtors ase aqvs gaaz-rebuli: es ar aris mxolod is sikeTe, rac orive mxares atkbobs da axarebs. am sikeTis sanacvlod SeiZleba sakuTarze uaris Tqma mogiwios. megobarma unda SeZlos megobris bednierebi-sTvis zrunva, Tanac ise, rogorc sakuTarze izrunebda. amis mixedviT Sefasdeba megobroba.

2) megobrebi erTmaneTs unda endobodnen. ndobis gareSe mego-broba ar arsebobs.

3) megobrebi mudam erTad unda iyvnen, fizikurad Tu ara, fiqrebiT mainc, radgan siSore bevrs daaklebs maT megobrobas.

rogor SeiZleba daiwyos megobroba? am kiTxvas filosofosi pasuxobs: mowonebiT.

aristoteles mowoneba megobrobis gaCenisaTvis aucilebel pirobad miaCnia. mowonebis mere Cndeba survili, gaigo raze fiqrobs adamiani, ras grZnobs da ganicdis. swored mowonebiT unda daiwyos is urTierToba, rac erTad yofnis survilSi, pativiscemaSi, ndobasa da erTmaneTisaTvis sikeTis keTebaSi gadaizrdeba. erTad yofnis gamudmebuli survili, ndoba, keTilmosurneoba zneobrivad maRal adamianebs axasiaTebT. swored aseT adamianebs Soris SeiZleba iyos namdvili mego-broba.

filosofosis azriT, WeSmariti megobrobisaTvis aucilebe-lia adamianebi erTmaneTis msgavsebi iyvnen, msgavseba ki unda iyos rogorc garegnuli (asaki, ganaTleba, aRzrda, fizikuri monacemebi, socialuri mdgomareoba...), ise Sinagani (sikeTis keTebis, Tavganwirvis unari, erTgulebis niWi).

1. daakvirdi mocemul mosazrebebs da imsjele, ra SeiZleba edos safuZvlad `vefxistyaosanSi~ aRweril megobrobas: qarTuli xalxuri sami Zmisa Tu aris-toteles megobrobis koncefciiT. ratom? pasuxi daasabuTe.

imsjele

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amigdo qalma fardagi mZime Tavisa ZaliTa,sada sdga kubo Semkuli balaxSiTa da laliTa,Sigan jda igi piriTa, mzisaebr elva-mkrTaliTa;me Semomxedis lamazad mis melnis tbisa TvaliTa.

didxans vsdeg da ara miTxra sityva missa monisursa,oden tkbilad Semomxedis, viTamca rom Sinaursa,asmaT uxmo, moiubnes, qali modga, miTxra yursa:„aw wadiT, veras giTxrobs“ da sxv.

amisTanazed ityvian xolme, geniosuri kalmis mosmaao da sworedac esea. didad sagrZnobels, Tund erTi da igive Ziri hqondes, iseTi bolo da zemoqmedeba ara aqvs, rogorc pataras. didi mwuxareba cremls uSrobs kacs, patara ki cremls adgens; dids sixaruls xSirad cremli mohyavs da pataras ki – Rimili; didi gulisTqma, WeSmariti grZnoba munjia, utyvia, da patara ki – ybedi da laqlaqa.

ai, gulTamxilavi rusTaveli ram-sidide grZnobas hxedavs nestan-darejanis gulSi da ra xatiT gvaCvenebs Cvenc mis

>>>

`siyvaruli rom adamianis amamaRlebeli Zalaa, es rusTavelis sxva Tanamedroveebmac da miaxloebiT Tanamedroveebmac icodnen. magram amaT wreSic rusTavels mainc Tavisi mkveTri individu-aluroba axasiaTebs... imiT, rom siyvaruli gagebulia ara rogorc Tavdaviwyebis, TviTmospobis, individualobidan gasvlis afeqti, aramed rogorc pirovnebis ganmtkicebisa da gamdidrebis afeq-ti, rusTavelis koncefcia mis TanamedroveTa da daaxloebiT TanamedroveTa Soris yvelaze axlos dantesTan (1365-1421) dgas.... Tu rusTavelisTvis qali principSi Cveni tolia, es rodi niSnavs, rom poemis gmiri qalebi, romelTa trfobasac igi umReris, ar gamoirCevian gansakuTrebuli niSan-TvisebebiT, rac maT mamak-ac gmirebze amaRlebs da miT poemaSi aRweril siyvaruls erTi damatebiTi niuansiT amdidrebs. orive es mSvenieri mefe-qali, romelTa prototipic Tamaria, srulyofis iseT doneze dgas, rom maTdami trfobis Sebedvac ki gmirobaa. maTi trfoba mxolod sru-lyofis mwvervalze mdgom mamakacs ZaluZs. `aw rasaca me maRirseb, xorcieli ara Rirs-a~ – eubneba tarieli nestans da es sityvebi kargad gamoxatavs im ZiriTad princips, romelsac poemaSi aRwer-ili trfoba emyareba: esaa srulyofili, idealuri adamianebis trfoba, romelic, sqesTa Soris siyvarulTan erTad, umwvervale-si srulyofis winaSe aRtacebasa da misken swrafvasac moicavs.~

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Zlierebas, sidiades da Zleva-mosilobas: qalma veRara sTqva-ra, sityva Seekrao. eg ratom ar mouvida TinaTins, roca avTandili dai-bara pirvelad salaparakod? imitom, rom Rrmad kacad-kacis mcodne rusTavelma icoda, rom TinaTini sxva bunebisaa da nestan-darejani sxva da es bunebis sxvadasxvaoba sxvadasxva zedmoqmedebasac eqvem-debareba. erTisa da imave mizezisagan warmomdgarsa, – am SemTxvevaSi – satrfoTa pirvelad salaparakod Seyrisagan. ase marTlad mkv-levaria rusTaveli, ase saocrad marTal-mxedvelia misi Tu, – ra bunebam rogor unda aRibeWdos Tund erTisa da imave mizezis zedmo-qmedeba.

Cven rom vsTqviT, zemoxsenebuli magaliTi geniosuri kalmis mosmaao, imitom-ki ara vsTqviT, rom rusTavelma es fsixologiuri wuTi SehniSna da fsixologiis mixedviT marTladac dagvixata. es xom qebis Rirsia da Rirsi. Cven aq sxva mxaresaca vxedavT. Cven imaze-dac gvinda mivaqcioT yuradReba mkiTxvelisa Tu, – ra xelovnebiT aris naniSni ima grZnobis Zliereba da sidiade, romelsac im wuTs unda Seepyra imisTana gulisTqmis qali, rogoric nestan-darejania. rusTaveli, saswaulTmoqmedsaviT, erTis kalmis mosmiT hqmnis am saswaulsa da gveubneba, – tarieli daiTxova, isic sxvisa piriT: „aw wadio, veras giTxrobs“. ese igi, qali damunjdao, – da, aba, ifiqreT, ra grZnobaa amis momqmedi grZnoba! SeiZleba-Ra amazed cxovlad, amazed ukeTesad oTxis sityviT kacma kacs aniSnos Zliereba da sidi-ade grZnobisa, rogorc miT aris naniSni, rom im grZnobam adamiani daamunjao maSin, roca Tqma da laparaki samoTxesaviT sanatrelia da ase mosalodneli trfialis qalisagan, raki pirvelad salaparakod Seeyreba Tavis satrfosa? aq erTis kalmis mosmiT gamoTqmulia is, rasac exlandeli mwerali mTels furclebs moandomebda da mainc esoden cxovlad ver gamogvixatavda saTqmelsa.

saxelovani germaneli kritikosi lessingi, didad uqebs ra amisTa-na geniosurs maneras msoflio genioss homirossa, ambobs: homirosma icis da imisTana xats saocaris mSvenierebisas, rogorc elenea, ise gvixatavs, rom vera mxatvroba magas ver SesZlebs. gavixsenoT marto is ambavi, rom elene Sehyavs homiross troadis eris moxucTa kreba-Si. naxes Tu ara, darbaiselni moxucni erTmaneTs ise eubnebian: „ara, gankicxva SeuZlebelia, raki amisTana qalisaTvis erTmaneTs eomebian troadis Zeni da aqevelni da am xangrZlivs sisxlis RvraSi amdens vaebas iTmenen. WeSmaritad, ukvdavTa RmerTTa Tana Sesaricxia igi mSvenierebiTao“.

mohyavs ra es adgili homirosis ukvdavis Txzulebidam, lessingi ase iTavebs: „sxvas ras SeuZlian ase cxovlad acodinos kacs is mom-jadoebeli mSveniereba, romelsac TviT gulcivi siberec ki hxadis Rirsad im omebisa, romelTac imodeni sisxli da cremli mTels ers daanTxevinoso~. riT Camouvardeba zemoTmoyvanili magaliTi rusTavelisa am homirosis magaliTisa?!

ilia WavWavaZe, nawyveti werilidan `akaki wereTeli da vefxistyaosani~

>>>

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detalis mniSvnelobadetali aris teqstis Semadgeneli nawili, siuJetis ganviTa-

rebis wvrilmani, is xSirad SeumCnevelia, magram Zalian mniS-vnelovani. ufro metic, detali xSirad teqstis mTavari saTqme-lis gasaRebia.

detalia nebismieri niuansi, romelic personaJsa Tu situa-cias gansakuTrebul elfersa da mniSvnelobas sZens, saTqmelis gagebisaken ubiZgebs mkiTxvels. detali SeiZleba imalebodes personaJis CacmulobaSi, metyvelebaSi, saqcielSi da a. S. is xSirad SeumCnevelia.

gavixsenoT tarielis nestanze gamijnurebis epizodi: indoe-Tis mefem qaliSvilis monaxuleba gadawyvita da tarielic Tan waiyvana. TviTon sasaxleSi Sevida, xolo tarieli gareT datova. tarieli ixsenebs:

`asmaT fardagsa azidna, gare vdeg mofardagulsa, qalsa Sevxeden, laxvari meca cnobasa da gulsa. movida, mivscne durajni, mTxova cecxliTa dagulsa.

manamde ki naTqvamia, `veras vxedavdi, odes xma mesmoda saubarisa~. es, erTi SexedviT, uniSvnelo detali migvaniSnebs, rom tarieli Zalian axlos idga karTan da SeZlebda kargad daenaxa nestan-darejani. am detalma SeiZleba mkiTxvels isic afiqrebinos, rom farsadanma Segnebulad datova ase axlos fardagTan tarieli.

teqstis aRqmisa da gaazrebisaTvis, miT umetes, mis Sesaxeb azris gamoTqmisaTvis aucilebelia mkiTxveli amgvar detalebs akvirdebodes. erTma detalma SeiZleba saerTod Secvalos ama Tu im epizodis an mTeli nawarmoebis gageba.

1. daakvirdi am mosazrebebs da teqstidan Sesabamisi striqonebis moxmobiT imsjele, rogor siyvaruls aRwers `vefxistyaosanSi~ SoTa rusTaveli.

imsjeleT

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`usamarTlo Sirvan-Sah~ Sirvans Sah ijda, erTi usamarTlo, kacTa umowyalo da maox-

ari qveyanaTa. sadaca moCivari anu glaxaki naxis, wamsve mohk-lis. aoxrda yoveli samefo misi.

dResa erTsa naxa moCivari vinme. moklva misi brZana. man kac-man Tqva:

– me mosaklavi kaci ara var, amad, rome yovelTa mfrinvelTa da mxecTa ena vicio.

iama mefesa da aRar mokla, marTali egona, vazirsa miabara, egre ubrZana: amisgan Sen iswavle da Sen me maswavleo!

waiyvana vazirman. icoda, rome sicocxlisaTvis moigona enaTa codna. kaci igi ganuteva.

gamoxden dReni mravalni da Ramesa erTsa smad jda Sirvan-Sah da gaRmarT orni wotni iZaxdnen. moegona kaci igi moene mefesa da hkiTxa vazirsa:

– iswavle mfrinvelT ena mis kacisaganao?man moaxsena: – viswavleo.ubrZana:– igi wotni ras ubnobeno?vazirman moaxsena:– erTsa qali hyavs da meore vaJisTvis sTxovs. qalis patroni

eubneba: Tuca Cems qals Svidas nasoflars ar moarTmev piris sanaxavad, ar mogcemo.

vaJis mama ase eubneba:– Sens qals rom Svidasi nasoflari movarTva, eqvsi Svili

sxva myavso, maT sacoleebs raRa vuyo?qali mamam egre uTxra: ras zarob da daRonebulxar? Tu

Sirvan-Sahs dRe gaugrZelda, bevrs sxvas aaoxrebso! ewyina Sahs da Tqva: – me agre usamarTlo varo?vazirman moaxsena: – wotni egre ityviano.mas sityvis ukan is Sahi mowyale Seiqmna.

sulxan-saba orbeliani

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`ori Wotis saubari~erTxel seirnobisas erTma xelmwifem da misma Tanmxlebma

brZenma dangreuli soflis gverdiT gaiares.uecrad xelm-wifis mzera or Wotze SeCerda. isini raRacaze gacxarebulni saubrobdnen.

– Sen, mgoni, gesmis frinvelebis ena? – miubrunda xelmwife brZens, – sainteresoa, ras laoarakoben.

– raRac-raRacebi gavige, magram ver vbedav giTxra, – miugo brZenma.

– Tqvi, nu geSinia.– Semomfice, rom ar damsji.– geficebi.– erT Wots vaJi wamoezarda, meores – qaliSvili da maTi

SeuRleba gadawyvites. meore Woti – sapatarZlos deda – mziTvad asi dangreuli soflis micemas apirebs, magram sasiZos dedas es ecotaveba, sapatarZlos deda ki eubneba: `Tu am xelm-wifem iseve ganagrZo saxelmwifos marTva, rogorc dRemde marTavda, erTi wlis Tavze mziTvad aTas dangreul sofels mogarTmevo.

xelmwife Rrmad Cafiqrda da amis Semdeg samarTlianad Seudga Tavisi samflobelos marTvas.~

abul-faraji

1. daakvirdi da CamoTvale, ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa am igavebs Soris. imsjele, ras cvlis es gansxvavebebi. werilobiT CamoayalibeT TiToeuli gansxvavebisa da niuansis mniSvneloba. dawereT patara werili saTauriT `literaturuli saidmlo.~

2. aRmoaCine detali da imsjele mis mniSvnelobaze.

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mxatvrul nawarmoebebSi zogjer mxolod erTi sityva ki ar aris gamoyenebuli gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT, aramed erTi an ramdenime winadadebac ki. magaliTad:

`vardsa hkiTxes: `egzom turfa raman Segqmna tanad, pirad? mikvirs, rad xar ekliani, povna Seni rad ars Wirad!~ man Tqva: `tkbilsa mware hpovebs, sjobs, iqmnebis raca Zvirad; odes turfa gaiefdes, arRara Rirs arca Cirad~.

am strofSi meore striqoni mTlianad gadataniTi mniS-vnelobiT unda gavigoT: poeti alegoriuli xerxiT, metafore-biT gadmoscems tarielisa da nestanis Sexvedras. mze tari-elis mxatvruli saxea, mTvare – nestanisa.

iseT mxatvrul xerxs, rodesac mTeli winadadeba gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT unda gavigoT, alegoria ewodeba.

Sedareba – poetebi xSirad erT sagans an movlenas meore, sruliad gansxvavebul sagans an movlenas adareben. magaliTad:

`Sigan asre gaverive, gnolis jogsa viTa qori~.am SemTxvevaSi tarieli Tavis Tavs qors adarebs, xataelebs

ki – gnolebis gunds, riTac xazs usvams sakuTari Zalis, sis-wrafis upiratesobas xataelebTan SedarebiT.

mwerlebi mxatvrul Sedarebas imisaTvis iyeneben, rom erTi sagnis an movlenis daxmarebiT, ufro kargad dagvixaton, gaa-cocxlon meore sagani Tu movlena.

epiTeti aris mxatvruli gansazRvreba, romelSic Cans avtoris emociuri damokidebuleba sagnisa Tu movlenis mimarT da Zlier STabeWdilebas axdens mkiTxvelze.

>>> gaixsene

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xSirad poeti sagansa Tu movlenas gazviadebulad warmogvid-gens. es mxatvruli xerxia da hiperbola ewodeba. magaliTad, poeti tarielis xataelebTan oms ase aRwers:

Sigan asre gaverie, gnolis jogsa viTa qori,

kaci kacsa Semovstyorci, cxen-kacisa davdgi gori;

kaci, Cemgan ganatyorci, brunavs viTa tanajori,

erTob srulad amovwyvide wina kerZo razmi ori.

Semoklebul Sedarebas metafora hqvia. metaforuli gamoTqmebiT or sagans ubralod ki ar vadarebT erTmaneTs, aramed erTi sagnis Tviseba, romelic gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT aris gamoyenebuli, gadadis meore saganze.

magaliTad, striqonSi – `kvla Seewebes xSir-xSirad vardni bageTaT pobilni~ – `vardni bageTaT pobilni~ metaforaa – vardi tuCebs aRniSnavs. misi saSualebiT rusTaveli mxatvrul saxes qmnis – erTmaneTTan akavSirebs tuCebs da vards.

1. qveviT moyvanili striqonebidan romel maTganSi romeli mxatvruli saSualebaa gamoyenebuli?

`merme modi, lomo, mzesa, Segeyrebi, Semeyare~.

`TeTrTa kbilTa gamohkrTebis TeTri elva viTa Wviri~.

`baRCa vnaxe uturfesi yovlisave salxinosa~.

`yma da asmaTi tirodes, xmas scemdes igi areni~.

`dajda da mwared sulT-iTqvna, cremli miwasa garia~.

`vardi gaapis, gamoCndis mun broli gamomWvirali~.

`Sen mkvdarsa gnaxav, daviwvi, viTa abedi kvesiTa~.

`risxviT mobrunda borbali Cvenzeda cisa Svidisa~.

`me Semomxeda lamazad mis melnis tbisa TvaliTa~.

`broli da lali Seviqmen me ulurjesi lilisa~.

2. `TinaTinisagan avTandilis gagzavna mis ymis saZebrad~; `Seyra Tarielisa da avTandilisa~ – `vefxistyaosnis~ am Tavebidan amoiwere metaforebi, axseniTmaTi mniS-vnelobebi, daakvirdi, erTi da igive metafora yovelTvis erTi da imave mniSvnelo-biTaa naxmari Tu ara.

3. `Seyra tarielisa da avTandilisa~, `ambavi Tarielis gamijnurebisa~, `ambavi nuradin fridonisa~ – `vefxistyaosnis~ am Tavebidan amoiwere Sedarebebi da epiTetebi. isau-bre maT mniSvnelobaze.

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savarjiSoebi

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siuJeti, epizodi siuJeti franguli sityvaa da sagans niSnavs. rogorc wesi, mxatvrul teqsts gaaCnia siuJeti. igi epizodebis, scenebis,

situaciebis, ganviTarebuli movlenebis erTobliobas warmoadgens. Sesabamisad siuJeti SeiZleba davyoT dasrulebuli azris gamomxatvel calkeul monakveTebad, aseT monakveTs epizodi ewodeba. siuJeti SeiZleba iyos rTuli an martivi, fantastikuri an realur ambebze dayrdnobiT Seqmnili; es avtoris Canafiqrze an nawarmoebis Janrzea damokidebuli.

epizodi aris siuJetis nawili, romelic dasrulebul azrs gamoxatavs. is SeiZleba iyos mokle an vrceli, mniSvnelovani an naklebmniSvnelovani. aris epizodebi, romlebic nawarmoebis gmirebis emociebs gamoxatavs, epizodebi, sadac avtori gmirebis garegnul mxareze amaxvilebs yuradRebas da a.S. epizo-dis sidides ganapirobebs is, ra niSniT gamovyofT mas teqstidan. magaliTad poema `vefxistyaosanSi~ epizodia avTandilis mier nestan-darejanis Zebnis ambavi, romelic SegviZlia uamrav patara epizodad davyoT, magaliTad, qara-vanTan Sexvedra, gulanSaroSi misvla da a. S.

rogorc wesi, nawarmoebSi aris Zalian dasamaxsovrebeli, mniSvnelovani da naklebad dasamaxsovrebeli epizodebi.

1. rogoria `vefxistyaosnis~ siuJeti?

2. rogoria `abos wamebis~ siuJeti?

3. gaixseneT hagiografiuli teqstis wyaro, agebis xerxi da axseniT, ra ganapirobebs gan-sxvavebas am nawarmoebebis siuJetebs Soris?

kiTxvebi

1. dayavi `vefxistyaosani~ epizodebad. imsjele, es epizodebi Tanabari mniSvnelobisaa Tu aris sxvaoba. pasuxi daasabuTe.

2. gamoyavi epizodebi `abos wamebidan.~

Seadare erTmaneTs TiToeuli moswavlis mier gamoyofili epizodebi. imsjele, ratom moeqca esa Tu is epizodi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis centrSi, ram ganapi-roba es.

savarjiSoebi

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m w e r l i s s a x e l o s n o

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zmniswinebis Zveli da axali formebi `vefxistyaosanSi~

Caatare kvleva da dawere angariSidavaleba

rC

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a: rogor CavataroT kvleva:

gaixsene yvelaferi, rac ki zmniswinis Sesaxeb ici. gaixsene da Camowere zmniswinebis Zveli da axali formebi.Tavebidan amoiwere yvela zmna, romelic zmniswins Seicavs. mocemul cxrilSi gadaanawile zmnebi ziniswinebis mixedviT. daiTYvale, romeli zmniswini ramdenjer Segxvda. calke amoiwere is formebi, romlebic axal qarTulSi saerTod aRar gamoiyeneba.calke amoiwere is formebi, romlebic axal qarTulSi gamartivebuli saxiT gamoiyeneba, magram zogjer Zveli formi-Tac gvxvdeba. Sen mier moZiebuli masalis safuZvelze gamoitane daskvna, zmniswinis Zveli formebi ufro xSirad gvxvdeba vefxistyao-sanSi Tu axali.dawere Sen mier Catarebuli kvlevis angariSi.

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ra aris angariSi?angariSi aris moxseneba muSaobis, saqmianobis Taobaze. masSi

naTlad da vrclad unda daiweros Sesrulebuli samuSaos Sesaxeb, aRwerili unda iyos samuSaos dawyebis mizani, muSao-bis procesi, am dros miRebuli Sedegebi da gamocdileba, sab-olood Sejamebis saxiT unda iTqvas, Sesrulda Tu ara dasaxu-li mizani.

angariSi SeiZleba iyos vrcelic da moklec. angariSi

>>>

kvlevisaTvis aiRe `vefxistyaosnis~ Semdegi 4 Tavi: `Seyra tarielisa da avTandilisa~ `povna avTandilisagan dabnedilis tarielisa~`avTandilisagan fridonisas mislva, tariels rom gaeyara~`wigni avTandilisa fridonTan miwerili~

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angariSis nimuSi:

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SeiZleba daweros erTma an ramdenime pirovnebam, vinc Cabmuli iyo muSaobaSi.

angariSis werisas sasurvelia gamoiyeno Semdegi sityvebi da gamonaTqvamebi: Cveni mizani iyo... Cven samuSaos Tema iyo... Cveni samuSao moicavda.... Cveni dakvirvebis Sedegad... rogorc kvlevam aCvena... Catarebuli samuSos safuZvelze... masalis Sedarebidan gamomdinare... dasasrul...

>>>

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis magistrantebis

a n g a r i S i :

2009 wlis 5 seqtembers daviwyeT muSaoba Temaze: ganaTlebis done mTis regionebSi mcxovrebi dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebSi. Cveni mizani iyo, gamogvekvlia am mxriv mdgomareoba mTis regionebSi, raTa Semdeg yur-adReba mieqces aRniSnul sakiTxs. kvlevis xangrZlivoba ar unda yofiliyo sam Tveze meti. avirCieT 2 regioni. gaviyaviT sam mcire jgufad da TiToeuls Segvxvda 3-3 skola. 2 Tvisa da 2 kviris ganmavlobaSi vakvirdebodiT saswav-lo process da vatarebdiT testirebas, romlisTvisac winaswar vamzadebdiT moswavleebs. rogorc kvlevam aCvena, am kuTxiT kidev bevri ram aris gasa-keTebeli. momavalSic gavagrZelebT aRniSnul Temaze muSaobas da amjerad sxva regionebis magaliTze vnaxavT zogadad qveyanaSi dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebis dones.

malxaz amiranaSvili

Tamar WiWinaZe

nana gogolaZe

08.04.2009