georgia - jury instructions, jury selection manual, 2014 (in georgian)

nafic msajulTa instruqciebi,

nafic msajulTa SerCeva

(saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis)

JURY INSTRUCTIONS,JURY SELECTION

(MANUAL FOR LAWYERS)

gamomcemloba „meridiani“

Tbilisi 2015

nafic msajulTa instruqciebi,


(saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis)

JURY INSTRUCTIONS,JURY SELECTION

(MANUAL FOR LAWYERS)

2010 wlis 1 oqtombers ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic qmnis SejibrebiTobis principze da-fuZnebul sistemas.

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo depar-tamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT exmareba saqarTvelos moqa-laqeebs marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofaSi da sxva progra-mebis paralelurad, axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsze dayrdnobiT, axorcielebs specialur swavlebis programas saqarTvelos advokatebisaTvis Temaze - `nafic msajulTa instruqciebi, nafic msajulTa SerCeva~.

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo momzadda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia ka-nonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTasoriso antinarko-tikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finan-suri mxardaWeriT. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia saqarTveloSi moR-vawe advokatebisaTvis. saxelmZRvaneloSi gaTvaliswinebulia misi dabeWdvis periodisaTvis saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba da praqtika.

saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba, redaqtireba da qarTul enaze Targmna Se-saZlebeli gaxda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciati-va~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis Semdeg TanamSromelTa didi ZalisxmeviTa da Tavdauzogavi muSaobiT:

mamuka mamacaSvili (samxareo direqtoris moadgile); medea maTiaSvili (ufrosi iuristi); ana loria (ufrosi iuristi); Tea WeliZe (finansuri menejeri).

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnisas gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis did madlobas uxdis Semdeg pirebsa da organizaciebs: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCs riCard norlands, aseve: rob buns, aleqsandra belenkaias, iri-na parSikovas, meri griers, kristi kontaks, judiT kembels, kristin tefts, reiCel holcmans, profesor Tomas r. oqonors, maikl terners, aaron fiSmans,

© amerikis iuristTa asociacia

ISBN 978-9941-10-828-0

stiven nefs, Tamar nasariZes, gvanca saurs, nata wnoriaSvils, tatiana patara-ias, skot torfs, kim terners, stein lordss, Tia Svarcmans, jonaTan repings, stiven lubets, skot barnss, aSS erovnul saolqo prokurorTa asociacias, kolumbiis olqis iuridiuli daxmarebis ofiss, denis merfs, niu iorkis iu-ridiuli damxmarebis sazogadoebas, stefan renCs, jefri t. frederiks, uatani tiehimbas, amerikis samarTlis instituts da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacvi-Ti programebis biuros (INL).

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi gansakuTrebul madlobas uxdis baton ronald uolfsons winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos SeqmnisaTvis gaweuli didi Zalisxme-visa da Tavdauzogavi muSaobisaTvis.

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo Seiqmna àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uze-naesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTal-dacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT. saxelmZR-vanelo ar gamoxatavs àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis an amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) mosazrebebs.

3

In October 1, 2010 Georgia’s new Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) took effect. The Code creates a new adversarial system.

The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) in Georgia with assistance and funding provided by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL) is working to help the citizens of Georgia have access to Justice under the new law and among its other programs has created a program for defense attorneys in Georgia in “Jury Instructions, Jury Selection” based on the new Criminal Procedure Code.

This Manual was created by ABA ROLI Georgia with funding from the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL) for the use of Defense Attorneys. To the extent reasonably possible at the time of its printing, Georgian law and practice has been taken into consideration.

This Manual was assembled, edited or created and translated into Georgian Lan-guage by the dedicated staff members of ABA ROLI Georgia who worked diligently and long hours to create it:

Mamuka Mamatsashvili, Deputy Country Director Medea Matiashvili, Senior Staff Attorney Ana Loria, Senior Staff Attorney Tea Chelidze, Office/Financial Manager

ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks the following persons and organizations for help-ing to make this Manual possible: The U.S. Ambassador to Georgia Richard Norland, Rob Boone, Alexandra Belenkaya, Irina Parshikova, Mary Greer, Kristi Kontak, Judith Campbell, Christine Tefft, Rachel L. Holtzman, Dr. Thomas R. O’Connor, Mike Turner, Aaron Fishman, Steven Neff, Tamar Nasaridze, Gvantsa Sauri, Nata Tsnoriashvili, Ta-tiana Pataraia, Scott Thorpe, Kim Turner, Stein Lourdes, Tia Schwartzman, Jonathan Rapping Steven Lubet, Scott Burns, The National District Attorneys Association, The California District Attorneys Association, The Public Defender’s Office of the District of Columbia, Dennis Murphy, the Legal Aid Society of New York, Stephen Rench, Jeffrey

4

T. Frederick, Watani Tyehimba, American Law Institute and the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).

The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) Georgia es-pecially thanks Mr. Ronald Wolfson for his work and efforts dedicated to the creation of this manual.

.

This publication is provided by the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROL Initiative) Georgia through support and funds provided by the Bureau of Interna-tional Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL). The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROL Initiative) or the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).

© American Bar Association

5

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas

uxdis deniel linhardts. statia: `sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~ momzadebulia

deniel linhardtis mier, àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis

iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi aseve madlobas uxdis NITA-s da baton stiven lu-

bets misive avtorobiT momzadebuli wignidan `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo advo-

katireba~ garkveuli nawilebis gamoyenebis nebarTvisaTvis. wigni gamocemulia

samarTlis skolis mier, sasamarTlo advokatirebis erovnuli institutis

mier 2000 wels aSS-Si da miTiTebulia Sesabamisi SeniSvnebi. aRniSnuli ma-

salis redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia

kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.

àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis stefen renCs _ mosamarTleTa

saxelmZRvanelos avtors, romlis nebarTviTac viyenebT winamdebare masalas.

naSromi redaqtirebuli da modificirebulia àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis

kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier qar-

Tul enaze.

nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCeva _ `SerCevis sxdoma da nafici

msajulebis SerCeva~ Sesworda da qarTul enaze iTargmna àmerikis iuristTa

asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis

mier, saqarTveloSi moRvawe advokatebisaTvis. teqsti amoRebulia amerikis

iuristTa asociaciis mier gamocemuli jefri T. frederikis wignidan `SerCe-

vis sxdoma~. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS.

2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa

asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis

mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias, (aSS.

2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis

teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saav-

toro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe;

misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: [email protected]

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uxdis jefri T. frederiks. nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCevis sxdomis

kiTxvebi amoRebulia amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier gamocemuli jefri T.

frederikis wignidan `SerCevis sxdoma~. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis

iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmanis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis ameri-

kis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauS-

vebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla ameri-

kis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis

werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: [email protected]

sxdomis Tavmjdomaris sanimuSo ganmartebebi nafic msajulTa sasamarT-

losaTvis amoRebuli iqna naSromidan `saxelmZRvanelo informacia nafic msa-

julTa sasamarTlosTvis,~ romelic gamoicemulia amerikis iuristTa aso-

ciaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativia (ABA/ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis

sisxlis samarTlis programis mier amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo

departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikul da samarTaldacviTi progr-

amebis biuros (INL) finansuri mxardaWeriT; 2010 weli; saqarTvelo; naSromSi

mocemulia saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi moqmedi samuSao jgufis mier

SemuSavebuli saxelmZRvanelo informacia da instruqciebi nafic msajulTa

sasamarTlos monawileTaTvis. gamocemaSi ar aris Sesuli amerikis iuristTa

asociaciisa (ABA/ROLI) da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo de-

partamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikul da samarTaldacviTi programebis

biuros (INL) mosazrebebi.


uxdis peter m. Tiersmas. nafic msajulTa instruqciebis momzadeba _ re-

daqtireba da Targmna ganaxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis

uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. warmodgenili

teqsti pirvelad daibeWda samarTlebrivi weris JurnalSi ̀ sqraibs~ da qarTu-

lad Targmnis Semdeg gamoica `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaeso-

bis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. teqstis avtoria peter

m. Tiersma da misi Tavdapirveli saxelwodebaa `nafic msajulebTan urTier-

Toba: rogor SevadginoT nafic msajulebisaTvis martivad gasagebi miTiTebebi~,

Statis sasamarTloebis erovnuli centri, Williamsburg, VA, 2006 [originally published in 10 Scribes J. Legal Writing 1 (2005_2006)].

7


uxdis maikl d. uimss, jek b. rabins da Carlz ambross. `rogor gamoviZioT

mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad

gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis ameri-

kis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxor-

cielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis

iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSve-

belia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla ameri-

kis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis

werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: [email protected]

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ABA ROLI Georgia would like to thank Mr. Daniel Linhardt; Article on “Trail Advocacy Skills” was created by Daniel Linhardt for use by ABA ROLI and was edited and translated into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia for use by defense at-torneys in Georgia.

ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks NITA and Mr. Steven Lubet for the sections used from Modern Trial Advocacy by Steven Lubet, Law school edition, National Institute for Trial Advocacy, 2000, USA, which are attributed and footnoted.

ABA ROLI Georgia Thanks Mr. Stephen C. Rench for permission to use his sec-tion on Voir Dire/ Jury Selection from The Rench Book by Stephen C. Rench, which was edited and translated to be used by defense attorneys in Georgia.

Jury Selection - “Mastering Voir Dire and Jury Selection is edited and translated into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia for use by lawyers in Georgia from “Mastering Voir Dire” by Jeffrey T. Frederick originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US) 2011 American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative-Georgia. Transla-tion Copyright (US) 2012 American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American Bar Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail: [email protected]

Voir Dire Questions: edited and translated into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia for use by lawyers in Georgia. From “Mastering Voir Dire” by Jeffrey T. Frederick originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US) 2011 American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2012 American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may not be repro-duced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American Bar Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail: [email protected]

Presiding Judge’s Sample instructions for Jury Trial, was originally published in the Guidelines for Judges for Jury Trials - The Bench Book by ABA ROLI Georgia, with assistance and funding provided by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law En-

9

forcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL); 2010, Georgia. The work was originally written by the working group created for this specific reason within the Supreme Court of Georgia. There are no opinions of American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROL Initiative) or the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL) contained herein.

Writing Jury Instructions: Edited and translated by The ABA ROLI Georgia for use by Georgian lawyers. This manuscript was originally published in The Scribes Journal of Legal Writing and is reprinted with changes made by ABAROLI Georgia to make it more understandable to lawyers in Georgia and has been translated into the Georgian language. The original author is Peter M. Tiersma, and the original title is Communicat-ing with Juries: How to Draft More Understandable Jury Instructions, National Center for State Courts, Williamsburg, VA, 2006 [originally published in 10 Scribes J. Legal Writing 1 (2005-2006)].

Sections from “How to Try a Murder Case~ by Michael D. Wims, Jack B. Rubin, and Charles Ambrose originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US) 2011 American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative-Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2012 American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American Bar Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chicago,

Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail: [email protected]

10

sarCevi

Sesavali .................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

nafic msajulTa instruqciebi ..................................................................................................................... 15

zogadi principebi naTeli komunikaciisaTvis ............................................................................. 17

nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis Sedgenis

konkretuli principebi ......................................................................................................................................... 38

sxdomis Tavmjdomaris sanimuSo ganmartebebi nafic

msajulTa sasamarTlosadmi .............................................................................................................................. 48

sxdomis Tavmjdomaris sanimuSo ganmartebebi nafic msajulTa

saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde .......................................................................................................................... 56

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saqarTveloSi saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT .............................................................. 61

nafic msajulTa efeqturi SerCeva ......................................................................................................... 70

nafic msajulTa araverbaluri komunikaciis Seswavla .................................................. 108

nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros gasaTvaliswinebeli

zogierTi sakiTxi .......................................................................................................................................................... 139

nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma (mkvlelobis saqmeebze) ......................................... 148

samodelo kiTxvebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze nafic

msajulTa SerCevisas ................................................................................................................................................. 151

11

Sesavali1

2009 wlis 9 oqtombers, axali sisxlis samarTlis sap-roceso kodeqsis miRebiT, saqarTveloSi Semovida Sejibrebi-Tobis sistema sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze. iuristebisaTvis es udides cvlilebasa da gamowvevas warmoadgens. sasamarTlo procesebze mosamarTleebi aRar gamoaqveyneben mtkicebulebebs da dahkiTxaven mowmeebs. axla ukve prokuroris/advokatis saqmea warmoadginos Tavisi saqme da dakiTxos mowmeebi. Tu proku-rori/advokati Tavis saqmes Tavs ver gaarTmevs, mtkicebulebebi da Cveneba verasdros miva mosamarTlemde an nafic msajule-bamde, romlebmac saqme unda gadawyviton. axla tvirTi mTlianad mxareebzea, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyon, rom maTi Suamdgom-lobebis mxardamWeri mtkicebulebebi mosamarTlemde an nafic msajulebamde mivides. maT aseve unda SeZlon, rom arasasurveli mtkicebulebebi ar iyos ganxiluli. am mizezTa gamo uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom prokurorebma/advokatebma gaigon da maRal doneze daeuflon SejibrebiTobis sistemas.

SejibrebiTobis sistemis farglebSi TiToeuli mxare war-moadgens mtkicebulebebs, romlebic, maTi azriT, maT poziciebs gaamyarebs. arsebobs garkveuli Tanmimdevroba, romelic am pro-cesSi daculi unda iyos. garda amisa, arsebobs wesebi, romlebic aregulirebs, Tu ra SeuZlia da ra ar SeuZlia gaakeTos proku-rorma/advokatma. es wesebi imisTvis Seiqmna, rom prokurorebs/advokatebs hqonodaT saxelmZRvanelo principebi Tavisi saqmeebis warmodgenisas. am wesebisa da misi gamoyenebis principis gageba warmoadgens pirvel nabijs SejibrebiTobis sistemaSi efeqtur prokurorad/advokatad CamoyalibebisaTvis.

sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi procesis xuT arsebiT fazas moicavs:

1 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asocia-ciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.

12

nafic msajulTa SerCeva (Voir Dire), Sesavali sityva, pirdapiri dakiTxva, jvaredini dakiTxva da daskvniTi sityva.

saqmis warmatebulad warmodgenisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvnelo-ba aqvs mxaris mier TiToeuli fazis swori ganxorcielebis meTodis codnas. mas Semdeg, rac prokurori/advokati gaigebs da daeufleba sasamarTlo procesis sxvadasxva fazas, igi SeZ-lebs iseTi prezentaciis gakeTebas, romelic nafic msajulebs / mosamarTles daarwmunebs misi saqmis sisworeSi da ganawyobs misi an misi klientis sasargeblod. sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis swavlis procesi nebismieri sxva unar-Cvevis SeZenas hgavs, ro-goricaa, magaliTad, fexburTis TamaSis swavla. pirovnebam Tavda-pirvelad fexburTis wesebi unda iswavlos da mxolod am we-sebis Seswavlisa da xangrZlivi varjiSis Semdeg SeiZleba igi warmatebuli moTamaSe gaxdes. es ar aris procesi, sadac adamiani wesebs swavlobs da Semdeg ubralod am wesebiT fiqris gar-eSe moqmedebs. sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi SemoqmedebiTi procesia. am wesebis farglebSi warmatebulma prokurorma/advokatma ise unda warmoaCinos Tavisi prezentacia, rom is saqmeSi arsebul faqtebsa da Sesabamis kanonebs moergos. prokurors/advokats WeSmariti profesionalis statusi eniWeba mxolod wlebis praqtikisa da uamravi sasamarTlo procesis Catarebis Semdeg, sadac xdeba naswavli unar-Cvevebis daxvewa da ganviTareba.

qvemoT mocemuli masala moicavs ZiriTad informacias sa-samarTlo procesis xuTi fazisa da maTi ganxorcielebis teqni-kis Sesaxeb. rogorc nebismieri unar-Cvevis Seswavlis SemTxvevaSi, winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos mkiTxvelebs movuwodebT moiZion sxva wyaroebi da damatebiTi masala, romelic maT warmatebul prokurorebad/advokatebad CamoyalibebaSi daexmareba. aseve aR-saniSnavia, rom mocemuli masala saqarTveloSi 2011 wels ar-sebul mdgomareobas ukavSirdeba, sadac saqmeTa umravlesobas kvlavac mosamarTle ixilavs saqmeTa erTi kategoriis garda _ damamZimebel garemoebebSi Cadenili mkvlelobis saqme SesaZloa naficma msajulebma ganixilon TbilisSi. arcTu Soreul moma-valSi nafici msajulebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis damatebiT

13

kategoriebsac ganixilaven. marTalia, am saxelmZRvaneloSi mo-cemuli mravali unar-Cveva rogorc mosamarTlis, ise nafic msa-julTa monawileobiT Catarebul sasamarTlo procesebze gamoiy-eneba, magram arsebobs arsebiTi gansxvaveba, Tu rogor unda iyos saqme nafici msajulebisa da mosamarTlis winaSe wardgenili.

sasamarTlo procesis mogebis an wagebis umniSvnelovanesi faqtori erTi sityviT SeiZleba gamoixatos: momzadeba, momza-deba, momzadeba. mas alternativa ar aqvs. saqmis mogeba procesis mimdinareobisas Zalzed iSviaTia, is _ procesamdea mogebuli an wagebuli. es aris sakiTxi, romlis mniSvnelobis daknineba Seu-Zlebelia da romelsac TiToeul qveTavSi kvlavac da kvlavac mivubrundebiT. sasamarTlo procesamde, momzadebis etapze Tqven ayalibebT Sesaval sityvas, atarebT gamoZiebas, arCevT mowmeebs da amzadebT am mowmeebs sasamarTlo procesisTvis. aseve, Tqven gansazRvravT da amzadebT im nivTier mtkicebulebebs, cxrilebsa da sxva damxmare saSualebebs, romlebsac procesis mimdinareo-bisas gamoiyenebT. garda amisa, Tqven emzadebiT mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebis jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis. yvela warmatebuli advokati girCevT _ momzadeba sasamarTlo procesze warmatebis sawindaria.

14

nafic msajulTa instruqciebi2

(amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis praqtika)

nafici msajulebi marTlmsajulebis sistemis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgenen. mogvwons Tu ara, federaluri konstitu-cia, iseve rogorc, umetesoba Statebis konstituciebisa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze braldebulebs aniWebs uflebas saqme nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos ganxilvas dauqvemdebaros. xSirad es instituti samoqalaqo samarTalwarmoebaSic moqmedebs. miuxe-davad amisa, aRniSnuli uflebis gamoyenebas azri ekargeba, Tu nafic msajulebs arasworad esmiT is kanoni, romlis Tanaxmadac gadawyvetileba unda miiRon.

Sesavali

nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobis mTavari amocanaa konkretul saqmeze miiRon gadawyvetileba _ verdiqti. SesaZlebelia iseTi sistemis warmodgenac, sadac nafici msajulebis kompetenciaSi Sevidoda ara mxolod saqmeSi arsebuli faqtebis gadawyveta, aramed verdiqtis misaRwevad faqtebisTvis saWiro kanonis Se-fardebac. ase magaliTad, mravali saukunis manZilze inglisis nafici msajulebisaTvis kanonis ganmarteba Zalze SezRudu-lad, praqtikulad ar xdeboda. aSS-s istoriuli ganviTarebis adreul etapzec, nafic msajulebs sakmaod farTo diskrecia eZleodaT samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad. aRniSnuli Tavisufleba nawilobriv, im did ndobas emyareboda, romelic qveynis damfuZneblebs rigiTi adamianis keTilsindisieri/saRi azris mimarT gaaCndaT.

2 nafic msajulTa instruqciebis momzadeba _ redaqtireba da Targmna ganaxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. warmodgenili teqsti pirvelad daibe-Wda samarTlebrivi weris JurnalSi `sqraibs~ da qarTulad Targmnis Semdeg gamoica `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. teqstis avtoria peter m. Tiersmani da misi Tavdapirveli saxelwodebaa `nafic msajulebTan urTierToba: rogor Sevadgi-noT nafic msajulebisaTvis martivad gasagebi miTiTebebi~, Statis sasamarT-loebis erovnuli centri, Williamsburg, VA, 2006 [originally published in 10 Scribes J. Legal Writing 1 (2005_2006)]

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nafic msajulTa institutis Tanamedrove definicia Tan-daTanobiT ganviTarda; dRes miiCneva, rom nafic msajulTa Semad-genlobis funqciaa daadginos ra moxda, e.i. faqtebi saqmeze, iseve rogorc gamoitanos verdiqti. amasTan, faqtebisaTvis Sesabamisi kanonis normaTa Sefardeba/misadageba mosamarTleTa eqskluziur kompetencias ganekuTvneba.

udavoa, rom mas mere, rac mosamarTleebi miiReben gada-wyvetilebas kanonis Sesabamisi normebis Sesaxeb, aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba nafic msajulebs unda ecnoboT. swored es aris nafici msajulebisaTvis ASeqmnili instruqciis daniSnuleba. in-struqciam nafic msajulebs kanoni unda ganumartos. gaiTval-iswineT, rom ganmartebis micema gansxvavdeba vinmesTvis raimes Tqmis an wakiTxvisagan. Tqven SegiZliaT uTxraT vinmes raime, ise rom adresatma ver gaigos Tqveni naTqvami, mag., Tuki msmeneli ar flobs mosaubris enas. ganmartebis arsi ki imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tqven mxolod TqmiT an wakiTxviT ar SemoifargloT, ar-amed auditoriam namdvilad unda gaigos Tqven mier miwodebuli informaciis Sinaarsi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni komunikacia fuWia. nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis mxolod xmamaRla wakiTxva TavisTavad ver CaiTvleba ganmartebad.

winamdebare naSromi miznad isaxavs mkiTxvels gauziaros nafic msajulebTan efeqturi komunikaciis ZiriTadi wesebi. es masala emyareba orisami aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebul kvlevas dagrovili gamocdilebis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi enis, nafici msajulis aRqmisa da wminda ̀ inglisuri wesebis~ Taobaze, agreTve Cems pirad gamocdilebas, romelic kaliforniis Stati-saTvis ufro gasagebi instruqciis SemuSavebis mizniT Seqmnili specialuri samuSao jgufis wevris rangSi SeviZine.

naSromis pirveli nawili eTmoba komunikaciisa da weris xelovnebis zogadi principebis mimoxilvas, igi grZeldeba na-fici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis ufro detaluri princi-pebis aRweriT, dabolos, gvTavazobs aRniSnuli principebi gaT-valiswinebul iqnes instruqciebis weris procesSi.

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zogadi principebi naTeli komunikaciisaTvis

kargi mwerali iTvaliswinebs auditorias, romelsac mimar-Tavs da iseT enas SearCevs, romelic am ukanasknelisaTvis gas-agebia.

nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli moiTxovs Cveulebrivi qarTulis da ara iuridiuli terminolo-giis gamoyenebas, agreTve ramdenime sxva saxelmZRvanelo prin-cipis gaTvaliswinebas `gamarTuli enis~ uzrunvelsayofad.

gaiTvaliswineT Tqveni auditoria

nebismieri mwerlis mTavari principia, mudmivad gaiazros auditoria, romlisTvisac wers. uzenaesi sasamarTlosaTvis Sed-genili dokumentis ena gansxvavdeba klientisaTvis miwerili axsna-ganmartebis werilisagan, romelic mas anderZisa Tu gayris Sesaxeb terminebs ganumartavs. WeSmaritad kargi iuristi imdenad kargad unda icnobdes kanons, rom sakuTari klientebisaTvis misi martivi eniT axsna SeeZlos. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, iuristis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani unari ukavSirdeba iuridiuli cnebebisa da iuridiuli Jargonis Cveulebriv qarTul literaturul da ara iuridiul enaze Targmnis SesaZleblobas. bunebrivia, Tqveni auditoria nafici msajulebisgan Sedgeba. siebi, saidanac nafici msajulebi irCevian gansxvavdeba qveynis masStabiT da xSirad TviT konkretuli geografiuli arealis SigniTac. Sesabamisad, yvela Semadgenloba ramdenadme gansxvavebuli iqneba.

ase rom, arcTu martivia imis gadawyveta, Tu vin aris Tqveni auditoria, konkretulad ki ra ganaTlebis done da kiTxvisa Tu smenis SesaZleblobebi gaaCniaT mis wevrebs.

erTi SexedviT, mizanSewonilia iseTi instruqciis Sedgena, romelic yvela nafici msajulisTvis Tanabrad gasagebi iqneba, Tumca es SesaZloa zogjer miuRwevel amocanad iqces.

aRsaniSnavia, rom sasamarTlo procesze dakvirveba da

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iuristebis daskvniTi sityvebis mosmena garkveulwilad daex-mareba nafic msajulebs gaigon samarTlebrivi normebi. maT aseve miecemaT SesaZlebloba imsjelon instruqciis Sesaxeb saTaTbi-rod gasvlis drosac. aqve mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT, rom braldeba/dacva ecdeba instruqciebis maTeuli interpretacia SesTavazon auditorias. miuxedavad imisa, rom TaTbiri SesaZloa daexmaros msajulebs kanonis sworad gagebaSi, erToblivma ganx-ilvam aseve SeiZleba gamoiwvios erTi an meti msajulis mier danarCeni Semadgenlobis gadabireba instruqciis araswori in-terpretaciis safuZvelze.

Sesabamisad, rCeva da TaTbiri ver Seavsebs cudad ganmarte-buli instruqciis defeqtebs.

miuxedavad imisa, rom instruqcia yovelTvis ver iqneba Tanabrad gasagebi yvela msajulisaTvis, logikuri iqneba arse-bobdes minimaluri moTxovna, rom nafici msajulebisaTvis in-struqciis ganmarteba gasagebi iyos saSualo, Cveulebrivi na-fici msajulisaTvis. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tavisuflad SegviZlia miviCnioT, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi msajulTa umravlesoba swo-rad gaigebs kanons.

praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom saSualo nafic msajuls miRebuli aqvs saSualo ganaTleba (damTavrebuli aqvs skola). Sesabamisad, gonivrulia migvaCndes, rom Cveni audi-toria wera-kiTxvis SemZlea, 12-klasiani ganaTlebis donis stan-dartiT. zogjer sasargebloa warmoidginoT, TiTqos romelime iuridiul cnebas Tqvens stilists, Tqveni sayvareli restornis mimtans, an sxva, SedarebiT `Cveulebriv~ adamians uxsniT.

SearCieT Sesaferisi stili da tonaloba

sasamarTlo darbazi oficialuri tipis garemoa. aseTma garemom SesaZloa Sesabamisi oficaluri da zogjer gadaWar-

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bebiT pompezuri enisa da saubris manerisaken gvibiZgos. gam-onakliss arc mosamarTleebi warmoadgenen. garda amasa, nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqcia erT-erTi iSviaT gamonaklisia, rode-sac mosamarTles SeuZlia mimarTos nafic msajulebs sx-domis msvlelobisas. msgavs situaciebSi umravlesoba Cvengans surs maRalfardovani da zedmetad literaturuli enis gamoy-enebiT sakuTari erudicia gamoamJRavnos da kargi STabeWdileba datovos; magram oficialuri ena amcirebs Sinaarsis gagebis albaTobas, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac esaubrebiT saSualoze dabali ganaTlebis mqone adamianebs, radgan literaturuli enis Seswavla skolaSi xdeba. amasTan, zedmeti formaloba qmnis dis-tancias mosaubresa da msmenels Soris. Sesabamisad, nafic msa-julTa instruqcia ar unda iyos gadatvirTuli oficialuri eniT. dRevandeli nafici msajulebi ufro zedmiwevniT Seas-ruleben maTze dakisrebul movaleobas, Tuki eqnebaT gancda, rom isini simarTlis dasadgenad momarTuli erTiani meqanizmis nawils warmoadgenen da ara jariskacebs, romelTac sakuTari valis moxda imperatorma ubrZana.

amavdroulad, garkveuli doziT formalobis SenarCuneba Seaxsenebs procesis monawileebs procesis mniSvnelobas da aR-Zravs pativiscemas sasamarTlo sistemis mimarT. quCis Jargoni yovlad Seusabamoa aseTi situaciisaTvis. rogorc sxva mra-val cxovrebiseul SemTxvevaSi, aqac sworeba `oqros Sualedze~ unda gakeTdes. zogadad, nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqcia zomierad oficialuri, Tumca ara zedmetad gadatvirTuli do-kumenti unda iyos.

gamoiyeneT logikuri struqtura

informaciis logikuri saxiT warmodgena bevrad amartivebs auditoriis mxridan mis aRqmas. ase magaliTad, monaTxrobi ufro advilad aRsaqmelia, Tu mas qronologiur reJimSi movyvebiT. movlenebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba araqronologiuri sizustiT an msmenelis `ukan dabrunebis~ teqnikis gamoyeneba SesaZloa saintereso xerxia literaturuli TvalsazrisiT, Tumca aseve

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SeiZleba damabneveli iyos mkiTxvelisaTvis, romelic iZulebu-lia gabneuli informacia erT logikur msvlelobad Sekras.

nafic msajulTa instruqcia ar mogviTxrobs ambavs, Sesabam-isad qronologiuri organizacia naklebad gamogvadgeba. Tumca, garkveulwilad, sasamarTlo procesis qronologia gvTavazobs informaciis organizebis garkveul princips: SeecadeT nafic msajulebs informacia maSin miawodoT, rodesac es maT winaSe arsebul amocanas Seesabameba. bevri mosamarTle nafic msaju-lebs instruqcias praqtikulad procesis bolos acnobs. Tumca, upriani iqneba maT garkveuli ZiriTadi xasiaTis informacia uSualod procesis dawyebamde mivawodoT. sul mcire, nafic msajulebs unda SeeqmnaT warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, rogori iqneba procesis msvleloba, ra wesebiTYunda ixelmZRvanelon mtkice-bulebebTan mimarTebiT, aseve YTu ra edeba bralad bralde-buls. msajulebs gacilebiT ukeT daamaxsovrdebaT mtkicebule-bebi, Tuki Tavidanve ecodinebaT ra aris mniSvnelovani da ra ara. aSS-s bevr sasamarTloSi gavrcelebulia praqtika, rodesac msajulebs uamravi cudad organizebuli faqtiT tvirTaven da mxolod Semdeg uxsnian danaSaulis niSnebs, rac yovelgvar saR azrs aris moklebuli. bevrad ufro xelsayrelia, umetesoba instruqiebisa procesis dawyebisas gavceT, xolo uSualod TaT-biris win zepirad gavakeToT instruqciis mokle Sejameba da nafic msajulebs gadavceT instruqciis werilobiTi asli.

konkretul instruqciebTan mimarTebiT gasaTvaliswinebeli zogierTi organizaciuli principi:

pirvel rigSi, SeexeT yvelaze metad mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs; moaTavseT zogadi informacia konkretuli informaciis win; axseneT jer zogadi mocemuloba an wesi, xolo Semdeg

miuTiTeT mTavar garemoebebze an gamonaklisebze. nafic msajulTa instruqcia ar unda JRerdes rogorc viq-

torianuli epoqis dokumenti, romelic iwyeba iuridiuli si-tyvebiT daxunZluli grZeli SesavliT da Seicavs iseT sityvebs,

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rogoric aris `maSasadame~, `uwinaresad~, `viTvaliswinebT ra~, `vaRiarebT ra~ da a.S., grZeldeba gamonaklisebisa da damate-biTi garemoebebis vrceli siiT da mxolod sul bolos gadadis sakiTxis arsze. amis nacvlad, axseniT jer zogadi wesi da Semdeg gadadiT misgan gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis daxasiaTebaze, aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.

arsebobs informaciis organizebis sxva principebic, rom-lebic SeiZleba mivusadagoT instruqciebs. erT-erTi aseTi principia dasaTaureba. rodesac nafic msajulebs gadascemT in-struqciis werilobiT asls, TiToeul TavSi Sesabamisi saTau-ris an saxelwodebis miniSneba nafic msajulebs daexmare baT saWiroebisamebr moZebnon Sesabamisi instruqcia TaTbiris dros. agreTve sasargebloa CamonaTvalis numeraciac. yovelTvis, rode-sac nafic msajulebs mxedvelobaSi misaRebad eZlevaT sxvadaxva elementi an faqtorebi _ mag., danaSaulis niSnebi, an mowmis san-doobis gansasazRvrad gasaTvaliswinebeli garemoebebi _ maTi warmodgena siis saxiT unda moxdes.

amasTan, aRsaniSnavia: braldeba/dacva da sasamarTlo in-stinqturad xvdeba, rom danaSauli da misi gamomwvevi mizezi, Cveulebriv, danaSaulis Semadgeneli elementebiT ganisazRvreba, romelTaganac yvela kumulaciurad unda dakmayofildes, maSin rodesac yvela faqtoris/garemoebis dakmayofileba ar aris saWiro gadawyvetilebis miRebisaTvis da danarCeni faqtorebi mxolod saTvalavSi moiazreba.

mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnul gansxvavebaze raime gziT mieTiTos nafic msajulebs, magaliTad:

braldebuls brali edeba qurdobaSi. saxelmwifom unda daamtkicos, rom qvemoT CamoTvlili elementebidan yvela si-marTles Seesabameba:

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1. braldebuli sxvis [saxeli, mag., Tengizis] nivTs am ukanasknelis nebis gareSe daeufla;

2. braldebuls ganzraxuli hqonda miesakuTrebina [saxeli, mag., Tengizis] nivTi. amasTan:

3. braldebulma Tundac mokle manZilze gadaaadgila nivTi, da garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi flobda mas.

Tqveni gadasawyvetia endobiT Tu ara mowmes. mowmis Cvenebis Sefasebisas dausviT Tqvens Tavs Semdegi SekiTxvebi:

1. ramdenad kargad esmoda an xedavda mowme im sagnebs, romelTa Sesaxebac Cveneba misca?

2. ramdenad kargad axsovda mowmes momxdari da ramdenad kargad aRwera igi?

3. esmoda Tu ara mowmes misTvis dasmuli SekiTxvebi da pirdapir pasuxobda Tu ara maT?

4. ramdenad sandod geCvenaT mowme?

aseTi magaliTi gasaTvaliswinebeli faqtorebis kiTxvebis saxiT gadmocemis yvelaze gasageb gzas warmoadgens.

iyaviT maqsimalurad konkretuli

kanoni zogad da abstraqtul formulirebebs unda Seicavdes, raTa misi Sefardeba nebismieri pirisaTvis da misi farglebiT gaTvaliswinebuli nebismieri qmedebisaTvis iyos SesaZlebeli. arsebobs sakmao mizezi, Tundac danaSaulis ganmartebisas aseTi zogadi da abstraqtuli enis gamosayeneblad.

magram mas Semdeg, rac danaSauli moxdeba, sasamarTlo procesze ganixileba braldebulis braleulobis sakiTxi, e.i. sakiTxi viwrovdeba da Zalze konkretuli xdeba. kanonebi ara mxolod rTuli eniT aris dawerili, aramed is ar ganumartavs nafic msajulebs, rogor Seasrulon maTze dakisrebuli amocana.

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maSin, rodesac kanoni, rogorc wesi, Seicavs iseT abstraq-tul terminebs, rogorcaa `nebismieri piri, romelic Caidens X qmedebas, damnaSavea~, nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobam unda gadawyvitos, Caidina Tu ara pirma X qmedeba. gansxvavebiT kod-eqsisa, Tu kanonTa krebulisgan, instruqcia ar unda Sedgebodes abstraqtuli iuridiuli principebis CamonaTvalisagan, aramed is unda uxsnides msajulebs, Tu rogor miaRwion verdiqts.

gamoiyeneT gasagebi leqsika

iuridiul fakultetze swavlisas yvela Cvengans axsovs uamrav ucnob terminologiasTan Widili. Tuki aseT Soreul warsuls ver ixsenebT, maSin SesaZloa filosofiis an lingvis-tikis Sesaxeb leqcias daswrebixarT an wigni wagikiTxavT, anda gicdiaT gagerCiaT instruqcia kompiuteris an sxva mowyobi-lobis dasaprogrameblad da mimxvdarxarT, rom bevri araferi gesmiT, radgan instruqcia uamrav teqnikur terminlogias Sei-cavs. yoveldRiurad iuridiuli terminologiis gamoyenebisas, advilia imis daviwyeba, Tu ramdenad ucnaurad JRers es leqsika maTTvis, vinc iuristi ar aris. ase rom, nafici msajulebisaTvis gasagebi instruqciis erT-erTi ZiriTadi principia, is martivi eniT iyos Sedgenili.

1. teqnikuri terminologia

Cveulebriv adamians aqvs zogadi codna imis Sesaxeb, Tu ro-gor funqcionirebs samarTlebrivi sistema, iseve rogorc daax-loebiTi warmodgena zogierTi ZiriTadi iuridiuli terminis mniSvnelobaze. iseTi sityvebis mniSvneloba, rogoric aris, mag-aliTad: mosamarTle, braldebuli, nafic msajulTa Semadgenloba, mandaturi, badragi, umravles SemTxvevaSi naklebad problemuria, ase rom, maTi Setana nafic msajulTa instruqciaSi dasaSvebia.

Tumca iuridiuli terminebis umravlesoba farTo sazoga-

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doebisaTvis ucnobia, xolo zogierTi termini, iseTi, magal-iTad, rogoricaa _ lis pendens (procesualuri gamowveva), perstirpes (delikventi), pirveli rigis memkvidre, deliqti, Cveulebrivi adamianebisaTvis sruliad burusiTaa moculi. meore mxriv, aseTi sityvebis teqnikuri Sinaarsi aSkaraa da ufro advili misaxvedria, rom aucilebelia maTTvis Tavis arideba instruqciis Sedgenisas.

zogierT iurisdiqciSi meti albaTobiT mtkiceba niSnavs varauds, rom raRac Seesabameba sinamdviles. magaliTad, ninom unda daamtkicos, rom goCa misi mamaa, ufro martivi iqneba vTq-vaT, rom ninom unda daamtkicos, rom goCa savaraudod, misi mama unda iyos, vidre ninom meti albaTobiT unda daamtkicos, rom goCa mis biologiur mamas warmoadgens. amgvarad, zedmet termi-nologias avicilebT Tavidan.

iuristebic ki zogjer unda dafiqrdnen, rom gaixsenon sax-lis mepatrone moijarea/mogiravnea Tu meijare/megiravne. amitom, SeecadeT yvelgan ufro martivi terminologia gamoiyenoT. mo-cemuli pirebi SesaZlebelia msesxeblad da gamsesxeblad mov-ixsenioT. imave principiT moqiravne da gamqiravebeli SeiZleba CavanacvloT mepatroniTa da mdgmuriT.

Tumca yovelTvis ver SevZlebT Tavi avariodoT iuridiuli terminebis gamoyenebas. zogjer termini imdenad damkvidrebulia, rom ara mxolod darbazSi myofi iuristebisaTvis, aramed albaT Tavad nafici msajulebisTvisac ki bunebrivad JRers. iuridiuli terminologia agreTve xelsayrelia lakoniurobisaTvis. maSin, rodesac meti albaTobis kriteriumi ramdenime sityviT aixsneba, gonivruli eWvis standartis axsnisaTvis SesaZloa ramdenime winadadebac ki ar gveyos (garda ramdenime iurisdiqciisa, sadac misaRebia `mtkiced sarwmunoobis~ standarti). Tuki gonivruli eWvis standartis msgavsi sxva terminis axsna erTi-ori Cveu-lebrivi qarTuli sityviT ver moxerxda, maSin SesaZloa ukeTesi iyos is pirdapir gamoviyenoT. aseT dros jer unda avxsnaT ter-minis mniSvneloba. araerT SemTxvevas hqonia adgili, rodesac

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nafic msajulebs TaTbiris dros leqsikonSi dauwyiaT sityvebis Zebna, rac teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT aramarTebul qcevad iTvle-ba. cnobilia, rom msgavsi SemTxvevebis dros ZiriTadad eZebdnen Semdeg sityvebs: xelyofa, fizikurad gasworeba, braleuli, sa-patimro sasjeli, patimroba, meurveoba/mzrunveloba, provokacia, deduqcia, fsiqikuri aSliloba, iuridiuli Sedegi, daudevroba, gadacdoma, motivi, mkvleloba, gaufrTxilebloba, sakuTreba, winaswari Secnoba, albaTobis testi, siaxloveSi myofi, keTil-gonieri, Seusabamo/arajerovani, brunvaSi CaSveba (magaliTad, yalbi Cekis), danaSaulebrivi gulgriloba.

miuxedavd imisa, rom umravles SemTxvevebSi aseTi Secdomebi nafici msajulebis qcevaSi umtkivneuloa, Tavad msgavsi faqtebis arseboba imaze metyvelebs, rom nafic msajulebs iSviaTad esmiT iuridiuli terminologia.

ra Tqma unda, mosamarTleebi ar iSureben mcdelobas ganmar-ton sagnis ganmsazRvreli termini, Tumca xSirad aviwydebaT, rom sityvebi, romliTac ganmartebas vakeTebT, ufro martivi unda iyos, vidre Tavad gansamartavi sityva. ase magaliTad, arsebobs ramdenime SemTxveva, rodesac kaliforniis nafic msa-julTa Semadgenlobam sikvdiliT dasjis saqmeebze mosTxova mosamarTles maTTvis ganemarta sityva `Semsubuqeba~, sabolood kaliforniam instruqcias daamata definicia, sadac axsnili iyo, rom `Semsubuqeba~ pasuxismgeblobis xarisxze moqmedi, Tumca ara misi gamomricxveli garemoebaa, rac albaT arcTu martivi axsnaa. nafic msajulebs, romlebsac `Semsubuqeba~ ar esmiT, albaT gauWirdebaT pasuxismgeblobis xarisxze moqmedi cnebis, mniSvnelobis wvdoma.

dabolos, zogierT teqnikur iuridiul frazasTan mimarTe-biT, adamianebi metwilad cdiloben `daSalon~ fraza an gamoic-non misi mniSvneloba, magaliTad, xSirad miaCniaT, rom uaxloesi Sedegi niSnavs miaxloebiT Sedegs.

aseT SemTxvevebSi umjobesia saerTod Tavidan aviciloT ms-gavsi frazis gamoyeneba, Tumca es yovelTvis ar aris SesaZle-

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beli. Tuki msgavs situaciaSi aRmoCndiT, upriania ganumartoT nafic msajulebs, rom mocemul sityvas/frazas sxva datvirTva da mniSvneloba aqvs. mag., miuTiToT: `gansxvavebiT gavrcelebu-li mniSvnelobisagan, mocemul SemTxvevaSi sityva/fraza [CasviT] (ar) unda gavigoT, rogorc [CasviT]~.

2. teqnikuri terminebi, romlebic Cveulebriv metyvelebaSic gamoiyeneba

damatebiTi problema iqmneba, rodesac iuridiuli termi-ni literaturul enaSi sxva mniSvnelobiT aris cnobili. amas `iuridiul omonimebs~ uwodeben. zogjer iuridiuli mniSvnelo-ba ufro konkretulia, vidre zogadad miRebuli gansazRvreba. magaliTad, umravlesobam icis, Tu ras niSnavs cnebebi gonivrul eWvs miRma an daudevroba, Tumca mxolod zogadi Sinaarsi esmiT. xalxi ver aRiqvams im niuansebs, romlebic xSir SemTxvevaSi saukuneebis manZilze ixveweboda precedentebis meSveobiT. cxa-dia, sasurveli iqneba msgavsi terminebi SeZlebisdagvarad Ta-vidan aviridoT da Tu amas ver SevZlebT, maSin ganvmartoT. kidev ufro did problemas warmoadgens iseTi iuridiuli si-tyvebi da frazebi, romelTa iuridiuli Sinaarsi ara mxolod ufro konkretulia, aramed principulad gansxvavdeba maTi Cveu-lebrivi mniSvnelobisagan. magaliTad, termini piradi sakuTreba umetesoba adamianebisaTvis `pirad sagnebTan~ asocirdeba, Tumca iuridiulad misi mniSvneloba sakuTrebis zogadi cnebisgan gan-sxvavdeba. aseTive situaciaa individualur ganacxadTan mimarTe-biT, umravlesobas is gancxadebad miaCnia, romelic ar aris daka-vSirebuli raime sasamarTlo warmoebasTan. msgavs SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme inglisuri terminis Mayhem-Tan mimarTebiT, rac popularul inglisur enaze masiur areulobas, Rreobas niSnavs, Tumca am terminis iuridiuli Sinaarsi dasaxiCrebas, sxeulis an misi nawilebis daWras an/da damaxinjebas niSnavs. aucile-belia sifrTxiliT movekidoT yvela aseT termins, radgan maT SesaZloa Cveulebrivi adamiani SecdomaSi Seiyvanon. garda amasa, fsiqologiurma kvlevebma aCvena, rom damkvidrebuli terminebis

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SemTxvevaSi Zalze Znelia sityvis misi ordinaruli aRqmisagan gansxvavebuli, teqnikuri mniSvnelobiT aRWurva.

3. arqauli, formaluri da ucnauri sityvebi

radgan bevri samarTlebrivi cneba sakmaod Zvelia da am profesias weris sakmaod konservatiuli stilic axasiaTebs, iuristebi xSirad iyeneben arqaul da ucnaur terminologias. es SesaZloa naklebad problemuri yofiliyo ramdenime aTeuli wlis winaT, rodesac xalxi Seqspirisa da mefe jeimsis bibliis (tradiciuli gamocema) enas flobda. vinaidan axla televiziis epoqaSi vcxovrobT da bevrad meti zepirsityvieri praqtika gvaqvs, Cveulebriv adamianebTan urTierTobisas, unda moveridoT arqauli enis gamoyenebas.

nafic msajulTa instruqciaSi aseTi arqauli enis tipuri magaliTebi warmodgenilia zmniszedebiT: SemdgomSi, mas aqeT, sadac, winamdebare, mocemuli, amasTan, iqve. garda garkveuli anaqronizmi-sa, iuridiuli teqstSi zmniszeda àq~ mTlad gasagebi ar aris. magaliTad, kanonis teqstSi, rogorc wesi, Znelia gaigo Tu ras exeba sityva àq~ _ im punqts, sadac gvxvdeba termini, mTlianad qveTavs, Tavs, Tu srul kanons, anda iqneb, Tundac mTlianad kod-eqss. instruqciis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa gaugebari darCes àq~! konkretulad instruqcias exeba, brals Tu sulac mTel process.

aseve problemuria sityvebi: aRniSnuli, romeli, zemoaRniS-nuli da rogorc, rodesac maTi gamoyeneba xdeba ̀ es~, ̀ am~ da ̀ im~ CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebis datvirTviT. imis magivrad, rom davw-eroT: àRniSnuli gancxadeba, romeli oqmi/c~, TiTqmis yovelTvis sjobs vTqvaT, `gancxadeba da is/es oqmi“.

unda ecadoT SedarebiT rTuli da uCveulo sityvebis nacv-lad gamoiyenoT Cveulebrivi terminebi. iuristebs zogadad axa-siaTebT sisuste iseTi sityvebisadmi, rogorcaa: `dasabami~ da `dasasruli~, maSin rodesac dawyebac da damTavrebac zustad imave Sinaars gamoxatavs.

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Tqvens winaSea zogierTi termini, romelic SeZlebisdagvarad sxva sityvebiT unda CaanacvloT:

uCveulo termini SesaZlo Canacvleba

miCneva CaTvla

miTiTeba Tqma, darigeba

imxanad maSin

dadastureba mxari dauWira

sarwmuno damajerebeli

qmedeba saqcieli

diskreditacia ndobis dakargva

Seusabamoba gansxvaveba

xarvezi araswori

miukerZoebeli samarTliani, obieqturi

ganpirobebulia SemdegiT Tu

mexsierebis Cavardna gulmaviwyoba, uzusto mex-siereba

mimarTebiT dakavSirebiT

uwinares sanam

Sesabamisad mixedviT

Semdgomi Semdeg

utilizeba gamoyeneba

utyuaroba simarTle

aseve aramarTebulia mosazreba, TiTqos grZeli sityvebi cu-dia da maT yovelTvis mokle sityvebi sjobs. rogorc wesi, es asea, Tumca arsebobs araerTi gamonaklisi. magaliTad, sityvebi vertmfreni, saswrafo, saavadmyofo, avtomobili, TiToeuli sami-oTxi marcvlisagan Sedgeba, magram saSualo moqalaqisaTvis ab-soluturad gasagebia.

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sapirispirod, iseTi sityvebi, rogorcaa, magaliTad, gauqmeba, en banc (kolegia), kanonieri wili, in rem (sakuTrebasTan dakavSire-biT), absoluturi gamocanaa Cveulebrivi adamianebisaTvis.

4. kanonis ena

arqauli da uCveulo eniT wera kidev ufro didi problemaa maSin, rode-sac aseTi eniTaa Sedgenili kanonis teqsti, romelsac instruqcia efuZneba. Teoriulad, wina abzacSi naxsenebi princi-pebi aqac moqmedebs: ecadeT, rTuli terminis sanacvlod moZebnoT Sesabamisi, gasagebi sinonimi. magaliTad, kanonis mixedviT, Sesa-Zloa mcirewlovani mowmis sandoobis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi miviRoT bavSvis kognituri ganviTareba. akademiur wreebs miRma kognituri arc iseTi Cveulebrivi sityvaa, mis nacvlad umjobe-sia cnobieri an gonebrivi ganviTareba gamoviyenoT, Tumca sino-nimis gamoyeneba yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli.

ganvixiloT mkvlelobis definicia, romelic winaswar gan-zraxvas iTvaliswinebs. kaliforniaSi es rTuli termini ganmartebulia kanoniT (da asec unda iyos!), magram am SemTxveva-Si ganmarteba saqmes kidev ufro arTulebs! sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 188-e muxlis mixedviT (aSS kanonmdebloba), winaswari ganzraxva saxeze gvaqvs, rodesac mkvlelobis Tanmdevi garemoe-bebi aCvenebs piris mier qmedebisa da Sedegis mimarT gulgril damokidebulebas.. cxadia, arc erT Cveulebriv adamians ar aqvs warmodgena ras unda niSnavdes piris gulgrili damokidebuleba qmedebisa da damdgari Sedegisadmi, rac interpretaciis saSuale-bas iZleva.

am SemTxvevaSic, SesaZleblobis farglebSi saukeTeso gamo-savali iqneba saerTod ar gamoviyenoT msgavsi terminologia da adamianuri eniT avxsnaT saTqmeli. xSirad `mosamarTlis ganmarteba~ SeiZleba dagvexmaros terminis ganmartebaSi. zogjer SesaZloa dagWirdeT sakuTari sityvebis gamoyeneba, Tu mocemul sakiTxze ar arsebobs sasamarTlo praqtika, an Tu Tavad `mosa-mar-Tlis ganmarteba~ rTuli iuridiuli terminologiis gamoy-enebiT aris gadmocemuli da savsea bundovani frazebiT. magali-

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Tad, Tuki kanoniT ikrZaleba gayalbebuli Cekis brunvaSi CaSveba, sakmarisia vTqvaT, rom braldebuli damna-Savea, Tuki man yalbi CekiT gadaixada sagnebisa Tu momsaxurebis safasuri. Cven amas vuwodebT `CanacvlebiT midgomas~, radgan am gziT SesaZlebelia saerTod avaridoT Tavi problemuri terminologiis gamoyenebas da is ufro gasagebi terminebiT CavanacvloT.

mosamarTleebma, romlebsac eSiniaT sadaveebis gaSvebis, Tuki isini kanonis enas gascdebian, SesaZloa amjobinon alternati-uli da arcTu sasurveli midgoma: `gansazRvrebiTi midgoma~. mosamarTles SesaZloa ufro usafrTxod miaCndes nafic msa-julTa Semadgenlobas miuTiTos, rom braldebuli damnaSavea mkvlelobaSi, Tuki man vinmes sicocxle mouswrafa winaswari ganzraxviT da amis Semdeg ganmartos terminebi Cveulebrivi eniT. principSi, zogierTi iurisdiqciis midgoma iTvaliswinebs nafici msajulebisaTvis jer mTlianad Sesabamisi kanonis teqs-tis wakiTxvas; mxolod amis Semdeg xdeba Sinaarsis axsna. Sesa-bamisad, baTildeba argumenti, rom msajulebs ar gaacnes kanoni; meore mxriv, aRniSnulma midgomam SesaZloa daabnios msajuli ori sxvadasxva standartis warmodgeniT.

ar SegeSindeT nacvalsaxelebis!

prokurorebs/advokatebs da mosamarTleebs aqvT midrekileba gamoiyenon rac SeiZleba naklebi nacvalsaxeli, gansakuTrebiT nacvalsaxelebi me da Sen. ase, magaliTad, Zveli drois in-struqciebi, TiTqmis yovelTvis iwyeboda sityvebiT: sasamarTlo miuTiTebs nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobas. sakuTari Tavis mesame pirSi moxsenieba dRes cota maRalfardovnad gamoiyureba. xolo Tuki Tqven msajulebs esaubrebiT, ratom ar unda mimarToT maT TqvenobiT? Tu Tqven restoranSi mimtans sTxovT salaTis mota-nas, xom arasodes etyviT mas: `klienti iTxovs, rom mimtanma mas salaTi moutanos.!~

prokurorebi/advokatebi da mosamarTleebi ara mxolod Tavs arideben me da Sen nacvalsaxelebis gamoyenebas, maT aseve axa-

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siaTebT nacvalsaxelebis nacvlad arsebiTi saxelebis ganmeo-rebiTi gamoyenebac. magaliTad, instruqciam SeiZleba miuTiTos msajulebs: Tuki Tqven daadgenT braldebulis braleulobas mkv-lelobaSi, Semdeg unda gadawyvitoT Tu ra Caidina braldebulma. mocemul winadadebaSi meored gamoyenebuli sityva `braldebul-ma~, SesaZlebelia `man~ nacvalsaxeliT CavanacvloT. yuradReba miaqcieT, rom am magaliTSi arsebiTi saxelis nacvalsaxeliT Secvla ar xdis azrs ufro bundovans, Sesabamisad, ar arsebobs misi gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdego mizezi.

SeecadeT arsebiTi saxelebis magier gamoiyenoT zmnebi

naTeli komunikaciis kidev erTi zogadi principia gamoviy-enoT zmnebi, rodesac moqmedebaze vsaubrobT da ara mimReoba/zmnisgan nawarmoebi arsebiTi saxelebi.

kaliforniis Zveli instruqciis magaliTze naTlad Cans, Tu rogor SeiZleba didi raodenobiT mimReobis gamoyenebam gamoi-wvios teqstis bundovaneba:

mexsierebis mokrebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi Cveu-lebrivi praqtikaa, amasTan, gulubryvilo gauxsenebloba nacadi xerxia. gauxsenebloba da nacadi orive zmnebidan nawarmoebi sityvebia, amasTan, mexsierebis mokreba arcTu xSirad gamoiyeneba (ratom ar SeiZleba vTqvaT ubralod gaxseneba/daviwyeba), gaux-seneblobis moZiebac gaWirdeba Cveulebriv leqsikonSi. samarT-lis studentebsac ki uWirT aseTi instruqciis gageba.

daicaviT gramatikuli konstruqciebis sisadave da simartive

am etapze Cven ukve sintaqsis sakiTxebs vexebiT. `sintaqsi~ es is wesebia, romliTac sityvebi erTmaneTs ukavSirdeba wina-dadebaSi. tradiciulad, bevri mas `gramatikad~ moixseniebs.

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1. ecadeT weroT SeZlebisdagvarad mokle winadadebebiT

Cveni unari, mexsierebaSi SevinaxoT informacia, SezRudu-lia. umravlesoba Cvengans erTdroulad Svidi-rva sagnis dam-axsovreba SeuZlia moklevadiani mexsierebiT. uxeSad rom vTq-vaT, Cven vaCerebT sityvebs moklevadian mexsierebaSi manam, sanam CavwvdebiT maT Sinaarss, romelsac ukve grZelvadian mexsierebaSi vinaxavT, riTac vuTavisuflebT adgils moklevadian mexsierebaSi sxva, axali lingvisturi informaciis Semodinebas. Tumca Tu winadadeba grZeli da rTulia, Cven gviWirs moklevadiani mex-sierebiT sityvebis aRqma, Sedegad unda wavSaloT es informacia, raTa adgili axal Semomaval informacias davuTmoT, an SegviZlia SevaCeroT axali informaciis Semosvla, sanam Zvels mokleva-diani mexsiereba amuSavebs. orive SemTxvevaSi, romelime maTgani dazaraldeba.

ufro advilia qaRaldze gadatanili rTuli informaciis damuSaveba, radgan mis daSlas SegviZlia meti dro davuTmoT. swored es aris msajulebisTvis instruqciebis werilobiTi formiT miwodebis erT-erTi mizezi. Tumca werilobiT mowo-debuli informaciis SemTxvevaSic sigrZe da sirTule amcirebs aRqmas.

praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, grZeli winadadebebi TiTqmis yovelTvis ufro rTulia. ase rom, ecadeT, mokle winadadebebi weroT. xSirad grZeli winadadebis Semokleba sworad SerCeul adgilze wertilis CamatebiT aris SesaZlebeli. kidev ufro xSiria, rodesac saWiro xdeba winadadebis gadawera.

2. ecadeT, martivi winadadebebi weroT

rogorc aRvniSne, mTavari safrTxe winadadebis sirTulea da ara TavisTavad misi sigrZe. ganvixiloT, kaliforniis Statis instruqciis kidev erTi magaliTi:

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arasodes ar CaTvaloT simarTled mowmisTvis SekiTxvaSi Sefaruli miniSneba.

es winadadeba ar aris Zalian grZeli, samagierod CaxlarTu-lia. lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT is warmoadgens rigi martivi winadadebebis sinTezs:

− arasodes daijeroT raime pirdapir; − romelime miniSneba marTalia; − viRac usvams SekiTxvas mowmes; − SekiTxva gulisxmobs miniSnebas pasuxze. winadadebis ase daSlis Semdeg, gamosavali naTelia. termi-

nologiis gaTvaliswinebiT, SegviZlia gadavaadgiloT sityvaTa wyoba da xelaxla SevaerToT martivi winadadebebi or an met gasageb winadadebad.

viRacam SesaZloa dausva mowmes mimaniSnebeli SekiTxva.

Tqven ar unda CaTvaloT, rom miniSneba sinamdviles asax-avs. ukeTesia, Tuki Tavidanve CamovyalibdebiT imaze, ra cnebebis Sesaxeb gvinda nafic msajulTa informireba. aq mTavari idea is aris, rom kiTxvebi, gansxvavebiT mowmis pasuxisagan, ar warmoad-gens mtkicebulebas. Semdeg unda vuTxraT nafic msajulebs, rom kiTxvebi SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos mowmis pasuxis gasagebad. amavdroulad, Cven sulac ar gvsurs, rom msajulebma Tavad kiTx-vebze an maT formulirebaze dayrdnobiT gamoitanon daskvna, ami-tom SesaZloa instruqcia Semdegnairad CamovayaliboT: `kiTxvebi ar aris mtkicebuleba. mxolod maTze pasuxi aris mtkicebuleba. Tqven unda gaiTvaliswinoT kiTxva, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki is dagexmarebaT mowmis pasuxis gagebaSi. nu CaTvliT, rom raime simarTlea, marto imitom, rom kiTxva amas gulisxmobs.~

3. gamoiyeneT standartuli sityvaTwyoba

iuridiul enas xSirad axasiaTebs uCveuli da zogjer Cax-larTuli sityvaTwyoba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi es orazrovnebis

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gamoricxvis surviliT aixsneba. magram nafic msajulTa instruq-ciaSi aseTi ena zedmetad oficialurad JRers da SesaZloa sawinaaRmdego efeqti hqondes _ meti dabneuloba warmoSvas. inglisur enaSi umetesoba winadadebebs axasiaTebs e.w. `SVO~ _ Q(`qSd~) sityvaTwyoba: qvemdebare-Semasmeneli-damateba. TiTqmis igive principi vrceldeba qarTul enazec (Tumca, SesaZloa ̀ qdS~ wyobac Segvxvdes, magaliTad, gogona wigns kiTxulobs), kerZod, martiv winadadebebSi pirveli arsebiTi saxeli Cveulebriv qvem-debaris rols asrulebs (moqmedi piri); mas mosdevs Semasmeneli (moqmedebis an viTarebis aRmniSvneli zmna), romelic gveubneba, Tu ra qmedeba Seasrula qvemdebarem, Semdeg _ morigi arsebiTi saxeli _ damateba (iribi/pirdapiri), romelic exeba pirovnebas/sagans, romelzec xorcieldeba qmedeba. cxadia, bevri winadadeba mocemul magaliTze sintaqsurad ufro rTulia. nafic msajulTa instruqciam rTuli cnebebi unda axsnas, Sesabamisad, garkveuli lingvisturi garTulebebi garduvalia. Tumca, unda vecadoT sin-taqsuri sirTuleebi minimumamde daviyvanoT. uCveulo sityvaT-wyobis magaliTia, e.w. `gadaadgilebuli gansazRvrebebi~. Tuki am instruqciaSi nebismieri wesi, mimarTuleba an idea meordeba...

Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad aRmoCnda, rom zogierT ada-mians esmoda, rom winadadeba gulisxmobda Tavad instruqciebis da ara wesisa Tu ideis gameorebas. Zneli misaxvedri ar aris, ratom CaTvala umravlesobam, rom rigiT pirveli arsebiTi sax-eli (instruqcia) asrulebda qvemdebaris rols winadadebaSi. aRniSnuli problema sityvaTa gadaadgilebiT mogvardeba:

Tuki romelime wesi, mimarTuleba an idea meordeba am in-struqciaSi ...

kidev ukeTesi iqneba usargeblo pasiuri konstruqciis vnebiTi gvaris Semdegnairad Secvla:

Tu me gavimeoreb romelime wess, mimarTulebas an ideas am instruqciaSi...

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an ufro martivad:

mxolod is faqti, rom me raime gavimeore am instruqciaSi, ar niSnavs, rom is ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre sxva danarCeni, rac giTxariT.

Tuki aRmoaCenT, rom Tqveni winadadebebi zedmetad CaxlarTu-lia, SeecadeT ipovoT qvemdebare, Semasmeneli da damateba (Tuki aseTi aris). xSirad aRmoaCenT, rom martivi winadadebis struq-turiT dawyeba bevr problemas Wris.

4. Tavi SeikaveT ormagi uaryofis gamoyenebisagan

uaryofis gamoyeneba (gamoxatulia iseTi sityvebiT, rogorc: ara, arasodes, da maTi Tanaswori prefiqsebiT ar _ ver) ar aris cudi. sxva Tu araferi, kanoni xom imazea dawerili, Tu ra ar unda gaakeTos xalxma. rodesac erT winadadebaSi ori uaryofa gvxvdeba, sakiTxi rTuldeba, radgan ormagi uaryofa, rogorc wesi, sapirispiro _ dadebiT mniSvnelobas aniWebs frazas/ wi-nadadebas, Tumca arsebobs gamonaklisebic. GganvixiloT zemoT ganxiluli instruqciis magaliTze.

arasodes ar CaTvaloT simarTled mowmisTvis kiTxvaSi Se-faruli miniSneba.

rogorc Cans, uaryofis nawilakebi umizezod arTulebs wi-nadadebas.

araerT iurisdiqciaSi gonivruli eWvis standartis Ses-axeb instruqcia savsea uaryofebiT. xSirad is mxolod eubneba msajulebs, Tu ra ar aris gonivruli eWvi _ gonivruli eWvi `ar aris ubralod SesaZlo eWvi~ da `arc varaudi Temaze~. negativze koncentrirebiT instruqcia ver axerxebs dadebi-Tad auxsnas msajulebs, Tu ra raodenobis an xarisxis mtkicebule-baa saWiro, rom pirs Seefardos sasjeli. aRniSnuli problemis

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mosagvareblad zogierT federalur da Statis sasamarTloSi ukve gamoiyeneba e.w. pozitiuri standarti: Rrmad unda iyoT darwmunebuli wayenebuli braldebis sisworeSi.

5. bevri winadadeba SeiZleba CamovayaliboT rogorc moqmedebiT, ise vnebiT gvarSi

moqmedebiTi gvari: goCam moWra xe.

vnebiTi gvari: xe moiWra (goCas mier).

sayuradReboa, rom moqmedebiT gvarSi winadadeba TiTqos xazs usvams moqmedi piris mniSvnelobas da mas winadadebis TavSi ayenebs (amaSi mdgomareobs `SVO~ struqturis arsi). vnebiT gvarSi gadayvanil winadadebaSi goCas naklebi datvirTva aqvs, metic, fraza goCasmier SegviZlia saerTod movSaloT.

vnebiTi gvarSi winadadebis gamoxatvas unda veridoT, radgan samarTlebriv saqmeebze Zalze didi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu vin moqmedebs.

kvlevebis Tanaxmad, adamianebs ukeTesad esmiT ena, rodesac is gamokveTil modalur an damxmare zmnebs Seicavs (SeuZlia, unda, valdebulia). sityvebi: SenTvis SesaZlebelia, aucilebelia an valdebuleba gakisria, umjobesia Seicvalos Semdegi sityvebiT: Sen SegiZlia..., Sen unda..., valdebuli xar...

6. Tavi SeikaveT cru ekonomiisagan

Cven yvelas gagvigia Civili imis Taobaze, rom iuridiuli ena Zalian datvirTulia da usargeblo. aqamde TiTqmis arc erTi iurisiti ar gaukicxavT sityvaZunwobisaTvis an zedmetad mokle dokumentebis SeqmnisaTvis.

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amasTan, instruqcia nafici msajulebisaTvis zedmetad mS-ralic ar unda iyos. yvela pedagogiuri gamocdilebis mqone adamianma icis, rom efeqturi instruqcia ZiriTadad moiTxovs sakiTxis, gansakuTrebiT ki rTuli sakiTxis irgvliv azris dafiqsirebas ori-sami sxvadasxva gziT. sasargebloa magaliTebis motanac, Tumca Zalze mciredis Tqma, albaT erTisa da imaves gameorebaze kidev ufro uaresia.

cru ekonomiis magaliTia `romelic~ da `vinc~ tipis fra-zebis gamotoveba, romelTa gareSec winadadeba mainc gamarTu-lia, Tumca kvlevam aCvena, rom umjobesia aseTi sityvebi teqst-Si davtovoT, radgan isini aRqmas aadvilebs. mag., imis nacvlad rom davweroT: kiTxvebi faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic Tqven wargedginaT, SesaZlebelia winadadeba Semdegnairad SevamokloT: Tqvens winaSe wardgenili kiTxvebi faqtebTan dakavSirebiT, Tum-ca instruqciis Sedgenisas upiratesoba pirveli variants unda mivaniWoT. igive iTqmis rom kavSiris Sesaxeb _ (me vfiqrob [rom] is aucileblad dabrundeba) da Tu _ nawilakebTan mimarTebiT, romlebic zogjer SegviZlia amoviRoT winadadebidan (mag., me gavigone [Tu] rogor datova man saxli), Tumca es yovelTvis rodi xdis winadadebas metad gasagebs.

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nafici msajulebisaTvis instruqciis Sedgenis konkretuli principebi

naTlad da Tanmimdevrulad gansazRvreT mxareebi

Zalzed mniSvnelovania gansazRvroT, naTlad da Tanmimdevru-lad CamoayaliboT, Tu vin arian sasamarTlo procesis mxareebi, iseve, rogorc procesis sxva monawileni. umetesoba Cvengans waukiTxavs rusuli moTxrobebi, romleb-Sic personaJs pirvel gverdze borisiT mimarTaven, meoreze ki _ aleqseeviCiT, xolo SemdgomSi is romanovi xdeba. aseTi gadasvlebi literaturul JanrSi SesaZlebelia, magram maTi adgili ar aris nafic msajulTa instruqciaSi. braldebuls yovelTvis saxeliT (batoni Tengizi) an braldebuliT, an sxva romelime winaswar SerCeuli saxeliT unda mivmarToT. saukeTeso gamosavalia braldebuli pirdapir saxeliT an braldebulad movixsenioT. zogierTi ar eTanxmeba am mosazrebas, radgan miiCnevs,rom baton Tengizis braldebu-lad moxseniebas qveteqsti gaaCnia, romelic qvecnobierad zrdis imis daSvebis SesaZleblobas, rom swored man Caidina danaSauli. miuxedavad imisa, rom aucilebelia instruqciis Sedgenisas Tavi-dan aviciloT yovelgvari mikerZoeba, aseTi SiSi gadaWarbebulia, Tumca igi naTlad aCvenebs, Tu ramdenad problemuri SeiZleba gaxdes, erTi SexedviT, uniSvnelo Tema. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, braldebulis saxeliT moxsenieba, albaT saukeTeso midgomaa.

msgavs problemebs vawydebiT braldebis mxaris mimarTvi-sas. ZiriTadi rekomendaciaa gamoviyenoT terminebi: prokurori, braldeba, xelisufleba an saxelmwifo. romeli sityvac ar unda airCioT, gaxsovdeT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania misi Tanmim-devruli gamoyeneba.

moiSvelieT magaliTebi rTuli sakiTxis asaxsnelad

magaliTi an sailustracio nimuSi xSirad aucilebeli atributia sakiTxis kargad asaxsnelad. magaliTebi exmareba ada-

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mianebs warmoidginon da daimaxsovron iseTi faqtebi, rac sxva SemTxvevaSi albaT daaviwydebodaT. isaak niutonis Tavze vaSlis vardnis amsaxvelma ilustraciam gravitaciis Zalis koncef-cia myarad CabeWda Cvens mexsierebaSi. aSS-Si, miuxedavad imisa, rom mosamarTleebma kargad ician magaliTebis Zala da fasi, sifrTxiliT ekidebian maT gamoyenebas instruqciaSi. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba `Semrisxvel~ saa-pelacio instancias araerTxel gauuqmebia im motiviT, rom qveda instanciis mosamarTlem jerovnad ver axsna kanoni da saku-Tari ganmartebiT gadaxara gadawyvetileba erT-erTi mxaris sa-sargeblod. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi mtkicebulebis tvirT-Tan mimarTebiT instruqciis gansakuTrebiT faqizi Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, albaT mozanSewonilia ar moviyvanoT magaliTebi an ilustraciebi am Temaze.

miuxedavad imisa, rom magaliTebi frTxilad (saTuTad) unda SeirCes, isini gansakuTrebiT kargi damxmare masalaa rTuli cne-bebis axsnisa da CvenebisaTvis. SeuZlebelia magaliTis gareSe Tundac iseTi cnebis gaazreba, rogoricaa pirdapiri da iribi mtkicebuleba. arsebobs magaliTebis mTeli arsenali TovlSi nakvalevTan an svel qolgebTan dakavSirebiT; sxva sakiTxebze utyuari magaliTebis moZiebas SesaZloa meti Zalisxmeva das-Wirdes, magram TavisTavad mcdeloba amad Rirs.

SeqmeniT danaSaulis niSnebis amsaxveli TvalsaCino forma

miuxedavad imisa, rom arc erTi formati ar aris saukeTeso, kargi forma SedarebiT konkretuli unda iyos da acnobdes msa-julebs sakuTar movaleobebs. forma unda uxsnides msajuls, Tu vis akisria mtkicebis tvirTi. naTlad unda iyos Camoyalibebuli danaSaulis niSnebis/elementebis CamonaTvali, iqve unda gakeTdes miTiTeba, rom braleulobis gamosavlenad saWiroa dadgindes da-naSaulis yvela elementis erToblioba. msajulebs unda ganem-artoT ra gaakeTon, mas Semdeg, rac gadawveten, rom danaSaulis

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niSnebi saxezea/an piriqiT _ yvela niSani ar aris saxeze.

konkretul Temebze mtkicebis tvirTma SesaZloa mxaridan mxareze gadainacvlos da konkretul sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi mt-kicebis xarisxic gansxvavebuli iyos. aseT situaciaSi, forma mainc unda Seicavdes msgavsi tipis informacias.

mieciT nafic msajulebs naTeli miTiTeba, rogor Seudgnen maTze dakisrebuli amocanis ganxorcielebas

xSirad instruqcia Seicavs abstraqtuli iuridiuli prin-cipebis koriantels da aklia konkretuli direqtivebi imis Taobaze, Tu rogor unda CaerTos msajuli verdiqtis gamotanaSi da rogor unda Seavsos man nafici msajulis forma. gansxvavebiT britaneli kolegebisagan, amerikeli mosamarTleebisTvis zogadad ar aris sasurveli mtkicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT komentaris gakeTeba da msajulTaTvis imis axsna, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba yovelive es maT mier misaReb gadawyvetilebas.

miuxedavad amisa, umetes iurisdiqciebSi mosamarTleebs unda hqondeT ufleba nafic msajulebs miscen konkretuli rCeva imis Taobaze, Tu rogor gaagrZelon saqmeze muSaoba. ase mag-aliTad, sisxlis samarTlis procesis mixedviT, mosamarTleebi urCeven nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobas TaTbiris gagrZelebamde jer kenWi uyaron da naxon SeZleben Tu ara `gamamarTlebeli verdiqtis~ miRebas.mosamarTleebs kanoniT moeTxovebaT nafic msajulebs auxsnan zogierTi iseTi principi, rogoricaa mt-kicebis tvirTi da gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti.

aseTi procesualuri xasiaTis instruqciebis gacema erTo-blivad, procesis bolos SeiZleba. alternativis saxiT ki Ses-aZlebelia maTi inkorporireba Tavad instruqciis dokumentis teqstSi. magaliTad, rodesac braldebuls bralad edeba mkvl-eloba damamZimebel garemoebebSi, nafic msajulTa Semadgenlo-bas jer unda eTxovos gansazRvron braldebulis mkvlelobaSi

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braleulobis sakiTxi da mxolod Semdeg gadawyviton aqvs Tu ara adgili erT an ramdenime damamZimebel garemoebaTa erTo-bliobas. Tuki msajulTa Semadgenloba gadawyvets, rom bralde-buli udanaSauloa, maSin maT unda gadainacvlon Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebis gansazRvris sakiTxze. garda amisa, SesaZlebelia nafic msajulebs davexmaroT verdiqtis formiT, sadac detalu-rad, nabij-nabij iqneba gawerili verdiqtis miRebis procdura (aSS praqtika).

Sesabamisi principebis gamoyeneba

bunebrivia, rom Cven mier ganxiluli bevri Temidan zogierTi abstraqtulad mogeCvenebodaT. meti konkretikis Semosatanad warmogidgenT kaliforniis Statis nafici msajulebisaTvis Se-qmnili namdvili instruqciis ramdenime magaliTs, im periodidan, rodesac instruqcaSi cvlilebebi Sevida.

zogierTi sakiTxi, romelic sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze daniSnuli nafici msajulebisaTvis daweril instruqcias exeba

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs udanaSaulobis prezumfciisa da mtkicebis tvirTis ganmartebas. mtkicebis tvirTi braldebas akisria.

xSirad braldebis strategiasTan aSkara dapirispirebis nacvlad dacvis mxare sakuTar strategias imaze agebs, rom bral-debam ver SeZlo gonivrul eWvs miRma standartiT mtkicebis tvirTis dakmayofileba. amasTan, mosamarTleebi aSS-Si, romle-bic qmnian instruqciebs sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, Zalze Znelad scildebian kanonis teqsts. rac ar unda gasagebi iyos mosamarTleTa konservatiuli Sexedulebebi am mxriv, warmoid-gineT raoden patara gavlena eqneboda aT mcnebas Tanamedrove msoflioze, misi teqsti Tanamedrove literaturul enebze rom ar eTargmnaT. statiis am nawilSi, romelic sisxlis samarTals eTmoba, ganvixilavT aRniSnul dilemasTan brZolis strategiebs,

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kerZod ki rogor davrCeT sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis erT-gulni da amavdroulad Cveulebrivi eniT visaubroT. aRniS-nuli dilemis winaSe mosamarTle xSirad dgeba, rodesac gascems miTiTebas gonivruli eWvis standartis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT ki maSin, Tuki raRac etapze standartis kodificireba moxda. im SemTxvevebSic, sadac aseTi standarti kanonis normis saxes ar atarebs, is imdenad damkvidrebulia, rom mosamarTleebs Zalze uZneldebaT misi gadaxveva.

kaliforniaSi gonivruli eWvis definicia sisxlis samar-Tlis kodeqsis 1098-e abzacSia moTavsebuli. igi Seiqmna daax-loebiT erT saukunis win. rogorc wesi, misi gadmotana ka-liforniis Statis instruqciebSi (CALJIC) sityvasityviT xdeba. meti TvalsaCinobisaTvis SemogTavazebT CALJIC-isa da kalifor-niis axali gasagebi eniT Sedgenili instruqciebis (CALCRIM) SedarebiT analizs. CALCRIM instruqciebi Seiqmna kaliforniis sasamarTlo sabWos specialuri samuSao jgufis mier. instruq-cia sajaro ganxilvisTvis gamoqveynda da Semdeg miRebuli SeniS-vnebisa da mosazrebebis gaTvaliswinebiT Casworda. CALJIC 2.90

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia _ gonivruli eWvi _ mtkicebis tvirTi

sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi braldebuli udanaSaulod iTv-leba manam, sanam sawinaaRmdego ar damtkicdeba. gonivruli eWvis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi mis braleulobasTan mimarTebiT (ramde-nad ikveTeba braleuloba), braldebuli imsaxurebs gamamarTleb-el verdiqts. es prezumfcia saxelmwifos (`xalxs~) akisrebs tvirTs daamtkicos braldebulis braleuloba gonivrul eWvs miRma.

gonivrul eWvs ki kanoni (aSS kanonmdebloba) Semdegnai-rad ganmartavs: es ar aris Cveulebrivi SesaZlo eWvi, radgan yvelafer adamianurTan dakavSirebiT, SesaZloa gaCndes garkveuli an warmosaxviTi eWvi. es aris saqmis is mdgomareoba, rodesac yvela mtkicebulebis Sefasebis Sedegad, nafic msajulebs darCaT

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gancda, rom maT ar SeuZliaT darwmunebiT miiCnion da ganacxadon, rom wayenebuli braldeba sinamdviles Seesabameba.

yuradReba miaqcieT, rom aseT gansazRvrebebSi, rogorc wesi, mravlad figurirebs vnebiT gvarSi warmodgenili zmnebi (mag., miiCneva, mtkicdeba, naCvenebi, uflebamosili), iseve rogorc mim-Reoba (SedarebiToba, damtkicebuli, misjili). aseTi termino-logia sxva mxrivac ukiduresad arapersonificirebulia: sityva `Sen~ faqtobrivad ar gamoiyeneba, nafic msajulebs mesame pirSi moixsenieben (msajulebs darCaT gancda). dabolos, gonivruli eWvis gansazRvreba faqtobrivad sruliad uaryofis konteqstSia mocemuli (es ar aris Cveulebrivi SesaZlo eWvi; nafic msaju-lebs ar SeuZliaT darwmunebiT miiCnion da ganacxadon...), xolo ganmartebaSi aqa-iq Caqsovili maRalfardovani leqsika XIX sau-kunis himnis surneliTaa gaJRenTili.

rogor SeiZleba aRniSnuli instruqciis gamosworeba?

gonivruli eWvis araerTi definicia amerikul iurisdiqcieb-Si ZiriTadad saSinlad grZeli da CaxlarTulia. inglisSi mosamarTleebs SeuZliaT ubralod miuTiTon nafic msajulebs, rom aucilebelia isini ̀ darwmundnen~. saeWvoa, rom aseTi martivi gamosavali misaRebi iyos aSS-s praqtikisaTvis, sadac jadosnuri fraza `gonivrul eWvs miRma~ ase myarad aris damkvidrebuli sisxlis samarTalSi. aSS-Si arsebuli zogierTi iurisdiqcia saerTod ar ganmartavs am frazas, radgan is Cveulebrivi msa-julisaTvis sakmarisad gasagebad miaCnia. udavoa, rom Tavad si-tyvebi ucxo ar aris, saqme imaSia, Tu ramdenad SeiZina mTlianad frazam misi Semadgeneli sityvebis jamisgan gansxvavebuli mniS-vneloba. standartis zusti saxe icvleba sxvadasxva teritori-uli iurisdiqciis mixedviT, Tumca nafic msajulTa Semadgenlo-bis mier gonivrul eWvs miRma standartze msjelobisas:

1. maT unda gaiTvaliswinon yvela Sesabamisi mtkicebuleba, romelic daSvebul iqna procesze;

2. mtkicebulebebma isini unda daarwmunos faqtis namdvi-lobaSi;

3. maT imdenad myari rwmena unda hqondeT, rom nakleb sa-

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varaudo iyos maT mier azris Secla momdevno etapze. am standartis gamoxatva SedarebiT ufro martivi eniT

iqneba SesaZlebeli, Tuki gamoviyenebT zogierTi federaluri da Statis sasamarTloebis praqtikaSi arsebul termins `mtkiced darwmunebuli~: rodesac vambobT, rom faqtis namdviloba `unda damtkicdes gonivrul eWvs miRma~, es niSnavs, rom Tqven Cem mier procesze daSvebul mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT mtkiced unda iyoT darwmunebuli faqtis namdvilobaSi.

bevri iurisdiqcia ver SeZlebs msgavsi radikaluri cvli-lebis ganxorcielebas, radgan wlebis ganmavlobaSi sasamarT-loebis moTxovniT nafici msajulebisTvis miTiTebebis micemisas specialuri leqsikis gamoyenebas moiTxovda. ase iyo kalifor-niaSic, sadac CALJIC 2.90-Si mocemuli gonivruli eWvis gansaz-Rvreba amJamad Statis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSia asaxuli. aRniSnulma CALJIC-s instruqciebis gadaxedvis komitets didi problema Seuqmna; sabolood miiRes gadawyvetileba, rom sisx-lis samarTlis ZiriTadi ena SenarCunebuliyo, Tumca moxdeboda teqstis gramatikuli revizia.

gonivruli eWvi

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze braldebuli udanaSaulod iT-vleba. es prezumfcia moiTxovs, rom saxelmwifom daamtkicos danaSaulis TiToeuli elementi [aseve specialuri garemoebebi] gonivrul eWvs miRma. Sesabamisad, yovelTvis, rodesac geubnebiT, rom saxelmwifom unda daamtkicos raime, vgulisxmob, rom man es gonivrul eWvs miRma unda daamtkicos [garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac winaswar gagafrTxilebT, rom es standarti ar moq-medebs].

raimes gonivrul eWvs miRma mtkiceba, gulisxmobs, mtkicebas, romelic warmoSobs srul darwmunebas, rom wayenebuli brali sinamdviles Seesabameba.

rodesac vwyvetT, SeZlo Tu ara saxelmwifom saqmis gonivrul eWvs miRma damtkiceba, Tqven miukerZoeblad unda SeadaroT pro-

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cesis msvlelobisas warmodgenili yvela mtkicemuleba. Tuki aRniSnuli ver amtkicebs braldebulis/ ebis braleulobas gonivrul eWvs miRma, mas/maT braldeba unda moexsnas/moexsnaT da udanaSaulod unda iqnes cnobili/cnobilni.

bundovani terminologiis Tavidan acilebis erT-erTi gza aris kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli terminis datoveba, Tumca sadme,imave dokumentSi Tqveneuli ganmartebis gakeTeba. magaliTad, termini gaufrTxilebloba, rogorc wesi, gaugebaria umravlesobisaTvis. Tumca braldebam/dacvam da mosamarTleebma SesaZloa ar CaTva-lon misi srulad amoReba saWirod, radgan SesaZloa es termini msajulebs sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsTan mimarTebiT xmarebaSi SexvdeT, an/da imitom, rom Tavad isini [iuristebi] miCveulni ari-an am terminis gamoyenebas. amitomac, mcire raodenobis sityvebi-sgan Semdgari saxeldaxelo terminlogiuri leqsikonis moyvana instruqciis teqstSi arcTu urigo azria, magram aucilebelia terminebi sworad iyos ganmartebuli.

(winaswari) ganzraxva _ ganmarteba

ganzraxva SeiZleba iyos pirdapiri an arapirdapiri.

[pirdapir ganzraxvad CaiTvleba aSkara ganzraxva piris si-cocxlis xelyofisa] (aSS, kalifornia).

arapirdapiria ganzraxviT/ gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili da-naSauli, rodesac:

1. mkvleloba dadga marTlsawinaaRmdego qmedebis Sedegad. 2. qmedebis Sedegi safrTxes warmoadgens adamianis sicocx-

lisaTvis; da3. piri iTvaliswinebda marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgo-

mis SesaZleblobas da Segnebulad uSvebda an gulgrilad ekideboda mas.

damnaSavis fsiqikuri damokidebuleba arapirdapiria ganzrax-viT/ gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili danaSauls dros, aucileblad ar gulisxmobs borot survils anda msxverplis mimarT zizRs.

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fraza winaswari (pirdapiri) ganzraxviT ar gulisxmobs drois xangrZlivi periodis gasvlis kriteriums. is mxolod miuTiTebs, rom danaSauli winaswari SecnobiT unda iyos Cad-enili (anu gaanalizeba win unda uswrebdes qmedebas).

am SemTxvevaSic, gamoyenebuli ena zedmetad oficialuria, amasTan, aucilebelia nafic msajulTaTvis informaciis miwo-deba iseT samarTlebriv sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: pirdapiri da arapirdapiri ganzraxva, raTa maT SeZlon am or cnebas Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebis gaTaviseba. Tumca, arsebuli praqtiki-dan gamomdinare, am or cnebas Soris gansxvaveba nafic msajulTa verdiqtze didad ar aisaxeba, radgan msajulebs, rogorc wesi, ar moeTxovebaT ganzrxvis xasiaTis gansazRvra.

instruqciis sasargeblod unda iTqvas, rom is SesaZlo bun-dovanebas na-Tels fens, radgan xsnis, rom aucilebeli ar aris boroti survilis an/da msxverplis mimarT zizRis arseboba.

daskvna

realur samyaroSi SeuZlebelia iuridiuli cnebebis zedmi-wevniT gasagebad miwodeba yvela msajulisaTvis. kanoni rTulia, dro cotaa, ganaTlebis done ki _ gansxvavebuli. Tumca sruli gagebis uzrunvelyofa ver moxdeba. eWvgareSea, rom SegviZlia msajulebs naTlad avuxsnaT maTTvis saWiro informacia.

instruqciis Sedgena, erTi SexedviT, martivia, magram sinamd-vileSi yvelafris martivad gadmocema arc ise advilia. aseTi midgoma saWiroa rig mizezTa gamo:

pirveli: msajulebi, romelTac kargi instruqcia gadaecaT, ufro swrafad Seasruleben sakuTar saqmes, ufro male moiTaT-bireben da naklebi SekiTxvebi gauCndebaT, vidre instruqciis detalebze diskusiis pirobebSi, rac kvlevamac aCvena. naTelma instruqciam unda Seamciros usagno dava Temaze _ ra Tqva mosamarTlem sinamdvileSi.

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meore: gasagebi instruqcia gazrdis msajulTa kmayofilebis xarisxs procesis dasrulebis Semdgom. Tuki rodesme SegiZe-niaT nivTi, romlis awyobac advilad unda iyos SesaZlebeli da Semdgom wagikiTxavT inJinerTa mier dawerili, CaxlarTuli, teqnikuri sityvebiT gadatvirTuli instruqcia misi gamoyenebi-saTvis, romelsac arc diagrama an ilustracia axlavs Tan, maSin albaT mixvdebiT nafic msajulTa gulacruebas. dabolos, Msamar-Tlianoba msxverpls moiTxovs _ verdiqtis xarisxi metwilad damokidebulia instruqciis sicxadeze. Cven gvaqvs molodini, rom rigiTi moqalaqeebi swor gadawyvetilebas miiReben adamian-ebis damnaSaved cnobasa Tu maT gaTavisuflebasTan dakavSirebiT.

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msajulTa sasamarTlosadmi3

(`sxdomis Tavmjdomaris ganmartebebi nafic msajulTa sa-samarTlosadmi~ SemuSavebul iqna saqarTvelos uzenaes sa-samarTloSi moqmedi samuSao jgufis mier, nafic msajulTa sa-samarTlos monawileTaTvis saxelmZRvanelod. mocemuli naSromi warmoadgens sanimuSo versias da igi SeiZleba Secvlil iqnes mosamarTlis mier rogorc mxareebis Suamdgomlobis safuZvel-ze, aseve sakuTari iniciativiT, konkretuli gansaxilveli saq-mis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare).

qalbatonebo da batonebo: Tqven xarT nafici msajulebi mocemul saqmeze da me ramdenime wuTs davuTmob miTiTebebis micemas Tqveni, rogorc nafici msajulebis movaleobis Sesaxeb da mogawvdiT garkveul instruqciebs. es gaxlavT Tavdapir-veli ganmartebebi. procesis dasrulebisas me mogcemT detalur miTiTebebs. aRniSnuli miTiTebebi daaregulirebs Tqvens TaT-birsac.

sasamarTlo procesis msvlelobisas rasac me vityvi an ga-vakeTeb, Tqven ar unda CaTvaloT imis ganmsazRvrelad, Tu ras vfiqrob me mtkicebulebaTa Sesaxeb an Tu rogori unda iyos Tqveni verdiqti.

3 saxelmZRvanelo informacia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTvis, gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativis (ABA/ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis sisxlis samarTlis programis mier amerikis SeerTe-buli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso narkotikebisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis saqmeTa saxelmwifo biuros (INL) finansuri mx-ardaWeriT; 2010 weli; saqarTvelo; naSromSi mocemulia saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi moqmedi samuSao jgufis mier SemuSavebuli saxelmZRvanelo informacia da instruqciebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos monawileTaTvis. gamocemaSi ar aris Sesuli amerikis iuristTa asociaciisa (ABA/ROLI) da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso nar-kotikebisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis saqmeTa saxelmwifo biuros (INL) mosazrebebi.

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es aris saxelmwifo braldebis mier warmodgenili sisxlis samarTlis saqme. saxelmwifo braldeba brals sdebs bralde-buls (saqmeSi, braldebaSi). braldebulis winaaRmdeg wayenebuli braldeba mocemulia braldebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebaSi. bral-debis Sesaxeb dadgenileba ubralod aris saxelmwifos mier warmodgenili braldebis aRweriloba braldebulis winaaRmdeg. is ar warmoadgens mtkicebulebas.

braldebuls brali edeba damamZimebel garemoebebSi Cad-enili ganzraxi mkvlelobisaTvis (braldebis Sinaarsi da misi samarTlebrivi safuZveli: ---------------------------). mtkicebuleba aris kanoniT dadgenili wesiT sasamarTloSi wardgenili in-formacia, am informaciis Semcveli sagani, dokumenti, nivTiereba an sxva obieqti, romlis safuZvelzedac mxareebi sasamarTloSi adastureben an uaryofen faqtebs, samarTlebrivad afaseben maT, asruleben movaleobebs, icaven TavianT uflebebsa da kanonier interesebs, xolo sasamarTlo adgens, arsebobs Tu ara faqti an qmedeba, romlis gamoc xorcieldeba sisxlis samarTlis pro-cesi, Caidina Tu ara es qmedeba garkveulma pirma, damnaSavea Tu ara igi, agreTve garemoebebs, romlebic gavlenas axdens braldebulis pasuxismgeblobis xasiaTsa da xarisxze, axasiaTebs mis pirovnebas. dokumenti mtkicebulebaa, Tu is Seicavs sisx-lis samarTlis saqmis faqtobrivi da samarTlebrivi garemoe-bebis dasadgenad saWiro cnobas. dokumentad iTvleba nebismieri wyaro, romelSic informacia aRbeWdilia sityvier-niSnobrivi formiT an/da foto-, kino-, video-, bgerisa Tu sxva Canaweris saxiT an sxva teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT.

mtkicebuleba unda Sefasdes sisxlis samarTlis saqmesTan misi relevanturobis, dasaSvebobisa da utyuarobis Tvalsaz-risiT. mtkicebulebas ar aqvs winaswar dadgenili Zala. gama-mtyunebeli ganaCeniT piris damnaSaved cnobisaTvis saWiroa gonivrul eWvs miRma arsebul SeTanxmebul mtkicebulebaTa er-Toblioba.

saqmeSi faqtebze gadawyvetilebis miRebisas, Tqven SeiZleba mogixdeT imis gadawyveta, Tu romeli Cveneba daijeroT da rom-eli – ara. Tqven SegiZliaT daijeroT yvelaferi, rasac mowme

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ambobs, Cvenebis nawili an saerTod ar daijeroT araferi. mowmis Cvenebis ganxilvisas, Tqven unda gaiTvaliswinoT Sem-

degi:

1. mowmis SesaZlebloba da unari daenaxa, moesmina an scodnoda is, razec is Cvenebas iZleva; − mowmis maxsovrobis unari; − mowmis manera Cvenebis micemis dros; − 4. saqmis Sedegebis mimarT mowmis interesi da miker-

Zoeba an winaswari azri; − ewinaaRmdegeba Tu ara raime sxva mtkicebuleba mowmis

Cvenebas; − yvela mtkicebulebis fonze mowmis Cvenebis gonivru-

loba; da − nebismieri sxva faqtori, romelic damajereblobas ukav-

Sirdeba. ar aris aucilebeli, rom mtkicebulebis wona faqtTan

mimarTebiT damokidebuli iyos Cvenebis mimcemi mowmeebis raode-nobaze.

Tqven unda gadawyvitoT, ra faqtebia am saqmeSi. Tqven unda gamoiyenoT mxolod is mtkicebulebebi, romlebic warmodgenili iyo sasamarTlo darbazSi. mtkicebuleba aris ficis qveS micemu-li mowmis Cveneba, mtkicebulebis saxiT daSvebuli nivTmtkiceba da yvelaferi is, razedac me migiTiTebT, rom miiRoT, rogorc mtkicebuleba.

araferi, rasac mxareebi ityvian, ar aris mtkicebuleba. Sesa-val da daskvniT sityvebSi mxareebi mimoixilaven saqmes, magram maTi gancxadebebi ar aris mtkicebuleba. maTi SekiTxvebi ar aris mtkicebuleba. mxolod mowmeTa pasuxebi aris mtkicebuleba. mxa-reebis SekiTxvebi aris mniSvnelovani mxolod imisaTvis, rom Tqven dagexmaroT, ukeT gaigoT mowmis pasuxebi. ar CaTvaloT, rom raime aris simarTle, mxolod imitom, rom erT-erTma mxarem dasva kiTxva, romelic miuTiTebda, rom aRniSnuli aris simarTle.

procesis ganmavlobaSi SesaZloa mxareebma gaaproteston

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kiTxvebi an mowmeTa mier gacemuli pasuxebi. me warvmarTav pro-testis proceduras kanonis Sesabamisad. Tu me davakmayofileb dayenebul protests, Tqven ar unda miiRoT mxedvelobaSi das-muli SekiTxva. Tu mowmes ar mieca nebarTva pasuxi gaeca das-muli kiTxvisaTvis, ar SeecadoT, gamoicnoT Tu ra iqneboda pasuxi, an ratom miviRe me aseTi gadawyvetileba. Tu me gan-vacxade, rom Cveneba amoRebul unda iqnes sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmidan, Tqven unda ugulyoT is da ar gaiTvaliswinoT raime sxva miznisaTvisac ki.

Tqven unda ugulebelyoT yvelaferi is, rasac gaigonebT an dainaxavT sasamarTlo procesis gareT, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu es Tqva an gaakeTa erTerTma mxarem an mowmem.

sasamarTlo procesis dros Tu Tqven Segatyobines, rom sax-elmwifo braldeba da dacvis mxare SeTanxmda garkveul faqtebze, es niSnavs, rom maT miiRes es faqtebi, rogorc simarTle. radgan aRniSnul faqtebze ar aris dava, Tqven aseve unda CaTvaloT isini, rogorc simarTle.

sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivanma Caiwera yvelaferi, rac pro-cesze iTqva. Tu gadawyvetT, rom TqvenTvis mniSvnelovania am masalis gacnoba, SegiZliaT moiTxovoT, rom Tqven wagikiTxon sa-samarTlo sxdomis oqmi. Tqven unda miiRoT sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi, rogorc zusti dokumenti.

gaiTvaliswineT, rom piri udanaSaulod iTvleba, vidre misi damnaSaveoba ar damtkicdeba sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Se-suli gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT. aravin ar aris valdebuli, amt-kicos Tavisi udanaSauloba. braldebis mtkicebis tvirTi ekis-reba bralmdebels. mtkicebulebis Sefasebis dros warmoSobili eWvi, romelic ar dadasturdeba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, unda gadawydes braldebulis (msjavrdebulis) sasargeblod.

braldebuli ar Tvlis Tavs damnaSaved da braldebuls ar sWirdeba imis damtkiceba, rom is udanaSauloa. is faqti, rom piri braldebulia danaSaulis CadenaSi, ar niSnavs imas, rom

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braldeba sworia. Tqven ar unda ganewyoT braldebulis winaaR-mdeg, mxolod imitom, rom is iqna dakavebuli, mas brali daedo danaSaulis CadenaSi an mis winaaRmdeg saqme ganixileba sasamarT-loSi.

axla me agixsniT, Tu ras niSnavs udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da mtkicebis tvirTi.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi braldebuli iTvleba udana-Saulod. aRniSnuli prezumfcia moiTxovs, rom prokuraturam daamtkicos braldebulis braleuloba gonivrul eWvs miRma standartiT.

mtkicebis tvirTi yovelTvis awevs braldebis mxares im-isaTvis, rom daamtkicos piris braleuloba gonivrul eWvs miRma standartiT. es tvirTi arasodes awveba braldebuls, radgan kanoni ar avaldebulebs braldebuls, daamtkicos misi udanaSau-loba, moiyvanos mowmeebi an waradginos raime mtkicebulebebi. braldebuli valdebulic ki araa, rom warmoadginos raime mt-kicebuleba.

braldebis mxare valdebulia, daamtkicos braldebulis braleuloba gonivrul eWvs miRma standartiT.

gonivruli eWvi aris eWvi, romelic damyarebulia gonebasa da saR azrze da ar aris damnaSaveobis ubralo albaToba. gonivruli eWvi aris iseTi eWvi, romelic gonier adamians aiZu-lebs, daeWvdes ama Tu im qmedebisas. Sesabamisad, gonivrul eWvs miRma mdgomi mtkicebuleba unda iyos imdenad damajerebeli, rom gonierma adamianma SeZlos masze dayrdnoba da mis mixedviT mo-qmedeba.

gamamtyunebeli verdiqti unda efuZnebodes mxolod kanons, romlis mixedviTac Tqven mogecaT miTiTebebi, da erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul, aSkara da damajerebel mtkicebulebebs, romlebic warmodgenili iyo sasamarTlo procesze da romlebic obieqtur pirs daarwmunebda piris braleulobaSi.

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imis gadasawyvetad daamtkica, Tu ara saxelmwifo bral-debam braldeba gonivrul eWvs miRma, Tqven gamWvirvaled unda SeadaroT da gaiTvaliswinoT yvela is mtkicebuleba, romelic gamokvleul iqna sasamarTlo procesis dros.

sanam braldebis mxare ar daamtkicebs, rom braldebuls aqvs Cadenili danaSauli, manamde Tqven braldebuli udanaSaulod unda CaTvaloT.

Tu gsurT, SegiZliaT gaakeToT Canaweri, raTa dagexmar-oT mowmis mier naTqvamis damaxsovrebaSi. Tu Tqven Canawerebs gaakeTebT, gTxovT, ar gauziaroT isini kolega msajulebs ma-nam, sanam Tqven erTad ar gaxvalT saTaTbiro oTaxSi saqmeze gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. ar dauSvaT, rom Canawerebis gakeTeba gaxdes imis mizezi, rom Tqven yuradReba gagefantoT da ver Se-ZloT mowmeebis pasuxis mosmena. rodesac Tqven waxvalT, Tqveni Canawerebi unda darCes.

miuxedavad imisa, gaakeTebT Tu ara Canawerebs, Tqven unda dae-yrdnoT Tqvens mexsierebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra iTqva. Canawerebi mxolod imisTvis aris gankuTvnili, rom Tqvens mexsierebas dae-xmaros. Tqvenma Canawerebma zedmeti gavlena ar unda moaxdinon Tqvenze.

nafici msajulebi verdiqts iReben erTxmad. Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSi ver moaxerxebs gadawyvetilebis erTxmad miRebas, gadawyvetileba momdevno 6 saa-Tis ganmavlobaSi miiReba xmaTa Semdegi umravlesobiT: Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba aranakleb 11 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 8 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedge-ba 10 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 7 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba 9 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 6 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba 8 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 5 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sa-samarTlo Sedgeba 7 an 6 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 4 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulebs ar SeswevT unari, miaRwion saerTo

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SeTanxmebas, me kidev erTxel gangimartavT verdiqtis mniSvn-elobas da vTxov ufros nafic msajuls, momaxsenos, aris Tu ara iseTi msajuli, romelic uars acxadebs msjelobaSi monaw-ileobis miRebaze an romelsac aqvs interesi saqmis mimarT, ris Sesaxebac ar ganacxada nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros. aRniSnu-li ganmartebis Semdeg Tqven dabrundebiT saTaTbiro oTaxSi da gamoitanT verdiqts kanonis Sesabamisad. Tu saTaTbiro oTaxSi dabrunebis Semdeg momdevno 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSic ver miiRebT verdiqts, me ufleba maqvs mogceT damatebiTi gonivruli vada an pirdapir dagiTxovT da davniSnav nafic msajulTa axali Semad-genlobis SerCevis sxdomis TariRs. Tu arc am nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Seswevs unari, miiRos gadawyvetileba, braldebuli gamarTlebulad iTvleba.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom jer kenWi eyreba yvela wardgenil braldebaze gamamarTlebel verdiqts. Tu verdiqti ver miiReba, kenWi eyreba gamamtyunebel verdiqts braldebis simZimis mzardi TanamimdevrobiT.

Tqven xeli unda moaweroT TiToeuli braldebisaTvis ward-genili verdiqtis formebidan mxolod erTs _ gamamarTlebeli an gamamtyunebeli verdiqtis formas.

Tqven ufleba gaqvT, werilobiTi mimarTvis safuZvelze mi-iRoT: sasamarTlosgan ganmarteba gamosayenebeli kanonis Taobaze; winaswari informacia saqmis garemoebebisa da gamosakvlevi mt-kicebulebebis Sesaxeb; sasamarTlo sxdomis dros damatebiTi ganmarteba: sxdomis Tavmjdomarisagan – kanonis Sesaxeb, mowmeTa-gan – faqtobrivi garemoebebis Sesaxeb, mxareTagan – daskvniTi sityvebis Sesaxeb; nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos TaTbiris dros damatebiTi ganmarteba mosamarTlisagan kanonis Sesaxeb.

Tqven gekrZalebaT: sxdomis mimdinareobisas sasamarTlo sx-domis darbazis datoveba; verdiqtis gamotanamde saqmis ganx-ilvisas miRebuli informaciis gamJRavneba an sakuTari azris gamoTqma gansaxilvel saqmesTan dakavSirebiT; gansaxilveli saq-mis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT sxdomis Tavmjdomaris garda sxva pirebTan urTierToba; gansaxilvel saqmesTan dakavSirebiT

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informaciis moZieba sxdomis farglebs gareT; nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos TaTbirisa da kenWisyris saidumloebis darRveva; sasamarTlos SenobaSi wesrigis darRveva da sxdomis Tavmjdo-maris Sesabamisi miTiTebebis Seusrulebloba.

Tqven valdebuli xarT daeswroT gansaxilvel saqmesTan da-kavSirebul sasamarTlo sxdomebs da nafic msajulTa sasamarT-los TaTbirs.

Tqven mier valdebulebis Seusrulebloba iwvevs saqarT-velos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil pasuxismgeblobas.

amasTan, valdebulebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi Cemi ini-ciativiT an mxaris SuamdgomlobiT gaTavisuflebuli iqnebiT nafic msajulis movaleobis Sesrulebisagan.

sasamarTlo ganxilvis mimdinareobisas an TaTbiris pro-cesSi Tu Tqven miiCnevT, rom gWirdebaT damatebiTi ganmartebebi kanonis, faqtobrivi garemoebebis, daskvniTi sityvis Sesaxeb, Segi-ZliaT werilobiT warmomidginoT damatebiTi ganmartebebis Tao-baze moTxovna Sesabamisi kiTxvebis miTiTebiT, razedac mxareTa poziciebis gaTvaliswinebiT miviReb gadawyvetilebas.

SegaxsenebT, rom Tqven mier dadebuli iqna fici. Tqven ufleba gaqvT, werilobiT damisvaT damatebiTi SekiTx-

vebi, romlebzec mogecemaT damatebiTi ganmartebebi. es ganmarte-bebi gadmogecemaT werilobiTi saxiTac.

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msajulTa saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde4

(`sxdomis Tavmjdomaris ganmartebebi nafic msajulTa saTaT-biro oTaxSi gasvlamde~ SemuSavebul iqna saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi moqmedi samuSao jgufis mier, nafic msajulTa sa-samarTlos monawileTaTvis saxelmZ-Rvanelod. mocemuli naSro-mi warmoadgens sanimuSo versias da igi SeiZleba Secvlil iqnes, mosamarTlis mier rogorc mxareebis Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze, aseve sakuTari iniciativiT, konkretuli gansaxilveli saqmis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare).

nafico msajulebo, axla, rodesac Tqven moismineT mtkiceb-ulebebi, Cemi valdebulebaa, migiTiToT im kanonze, romelic moce-mul saqmeze vrceldeba. am ganmartebebis asli TqvenTvis xelmi-sawvdomi iqneba saTaTbiro oTaxSi.

Tqveni movaleobaa, daadginoT faqtebi saqmeSi arsebuli mt-kicebulebebis safuZvelze. am faqtebze Tqven is kanoni unda moargoT, romelzec me migiTiTebT. Tqven valdebulni xarT, daic-vaT is kanoni, romelzec me migiTiTebT, miuxedavad imisa, eTanxme-biT mas, Tu ara. garda amisa, Tqvenze ar unda moaxdinos gavlena Tqvenma piradma simpaTiebma, antipaTiebma, mosazrebebma, winaswar Seqmnilma Sexedulebebma da TanagrZnobam. es niSnavs imas, rom

4 saxelmZRvanelo informacia nafic msajulTa sasamarTlosTvis, gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativis (ABA/ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis sisxlis samar-Tlis programis mier amerikis SeerTe-buli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso narkotikebisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis saqmeTa saxelmwifo biuros (INL) finansuri mx-ardaWeriT; 2010 weli; saqarTvelo; naSromSi mocemulia saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi moqmedi samuSao jgufis mier SemuSavebuli saxelmZRvanelo informacia da instruqciebi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos monawileTaTvis. gamocemaSi ar aris Sesuli amerikis iuristTa asociaciisa (ABA/ROLI) da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso nar-kotikebisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis saqmeTa saxelmwifo biuros (INL) mosazrebebi.

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saqmeze gadawyvetileba unda miiRoT mxolod da mxolod Tqven winaSe warmodgenili mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze. gaxsovdeT, rom saqmis sawyis etapze, Tqven dadeT fici, romlis mixedviT piroba dadeT, rom swored ase moiqceodiT.

Cemi ganmartebebis Sesrulebisas, Tqven valdebulni xarT SeasruloT TiToeuli maTgani da ara mxolod ramdenime da da-narCenebis ignorireba moaxdinoT. isini Tanabrad mniSvnelovania. am ganmartebebSi da sasamarTlos nebismier naTqvamsa an qmedebaSi Tqven ar unda amoikiTxoT miniSneba imaze, Tu ra saxis verdiqti unda gamoitanoTY – es mxolod da mxolod Tqveni gadasawyve-tia.

sanam saTaTbiro oTaxSi gaxvalT, me valdebuli var erT-er-Ti Tqvengani davniSno ufros msajulad. amisaTvis, Tqven nafici msajulebis Semadgenlobidan unda airCioT ufrosi msajuli wilisyris safuZvelze. ufrosi msajuli uxelmZRvanelebs TaT-birs da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Tqveni saxeliT werilobiTi SekiTxviT mommarTavs me. igi gadawyvetilebis miRebisas Seaj-amebs kenWisyris saerTo Sedegebs, Seadgens Sesabamis dokumentebs, xels moawers verdiqts da sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamoacxadebs mas.

saTaTbiro oTaxSi yofnisas, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, SewyvitoT TaTbiri mxolod Cemi TanxmobiT.

saTaTbiro oTaxSi, Tqven ganixilavT saqmes Tqvens kolega msajulebTan erTad, raTa miaRwioT SeTanxmebas, Tu amas moax-erxebT.

TiToeulma Tqvenganma TavisTvis unda miiRos gadawyvetileba saqmeze, Tumca Tqven es mxolod mas Semdeg unda gaakeToT, rac SeafaseT yvela mtkicebuleba, isini sxva msajulebTan ganixileT da moismineT Tqveni kolega msajulebis mosazrebebi.

nu SegeSindebaT Tqveni azris Secvla, Tu diskusiis Sedegad darwmundebiT, rom ase unda moiqceT. magram, ar miiRoT garkveu-

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li gadawyvetileba mxolod imitom, rom sxva nafic msajulebs is sworad miaCniaT.

mniSvnelovania, rom Tqven ecadoTYerTxmad gamoitanoT verdiq-ti, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu TiToeulma Tqvenganma manamde miiRo Tavisi gulisxmieri gadawyvetileba. ar SecvaloT patiosani rwmena mtkicebulebis Zalisa da efeqtis Sesaxeb mxolod verdiqtis miRwevis mizniT.

Tqveni verdiqti unda efuZnebodes mxolod da mxolod mt-kicebulebebs da kanons, romelzec me Tqven am ganmartebebSi migiTiTeT. Tumca, arc erTi Cemi naTqvamis mizani ar aris miniS-neba imaze, Tu rogori unda iyos Tqveni verdiqti – es mxolod Tqvenzea damokidebuli.

zogierTma Tqvenganma sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSi Canawerebi gaakeTa. miuxedavad imisa, gaakeTeT Tu ara Canawerebi, Tqven unda daeyrdnoT Tqven mexsierebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra iTqva. Canawerebi mxolod imisTvis aris gankuTvnili, rom Tqven mexsierebas daexmaros. Tqvenma Canawerebma zedmeti gavlena ar unda moaxdinos Tqvenze.

mier saqmis ganxilvis Semdeg, ufrosi msajuli Tanamimdevru-lad, Ria kenWisyraze daayenebs Tqvens winaSe TiToeul sakiTxs, Cem mier gansazRvruli rigiTobiTa da formulirebiT. Tqven val-debuli xarT Tavdapirvelad kenWi uyaroT braldebulis mimarT wardgenil yvela braldebaze gamamarTlebel verdiqts. Tu aseT verdiqtze ver miiRebT gadawyvetilebas, Tqven valdebuli xarT kenWi uyaroT gamamtyunebel verdiqts yvela wardgenil bral-debaze rigrigobiT, braldebis simZimis mzardi TanamimdevrobiT.

kenWisyris mimdinareobisas Tqven valdebuli xarT ufrosi msajulis mier dayenebul yvela sakiTxze daafiqsiroT Tqve-ni dadebiTi an uaryofiTi pozicia, mxari dauWiroT an, piriq-iT, uaryoT igi. amasTan, Tqven ufleba ar gaqvT, Tavi SeikavoT romelime sakiTxze xmis micemisagan. xmis micemis rigiToba wi-

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naswar gansazRvrulia, msajulTa siaSi Tqveni rigiTobis gaT-valiswinebiT. amasTan, ufrosi msajuli xmas aZlevs bolos da ajamebs kenWisyris Sedegebs.

TiToeuli Tqvengani valdebulia dauyovnebliv macnobos, Tu SeamCnevT, rom romelime msajuli Tavs ikavebs xmis micemisagan, ugulebelyofs Cem mier gakeTebul miTiTebebs, iTvaliswinebs im mtkicebulebas, romelic ar gamokvleula sasamarTloSi, raime formiT gamoxatavs aSkara mikerZoebas an/da sxvagvarad aSkarad arRvevs kanons. unda gagafrTxiloT, rom aseTis arsebobis Sem-TxvevaSi me kanonis Sesabamisad ufleba maqvs dagiTxovoT nafici msajulis movaleobis Sesrulebisagan, xolo Tu amis saWiroeba iqneba, daviTxovo mTeli Semadgenloba da davniSno nafic msa-julTa axali Semadgenlobis SerCevis sxdomis TariRi.

Tu TaTbiris dros aucilebeli gaxdeba CemTan komunika-cia, Tqven Segi-ZliaT mandaturis meSveobiT gadmomceT ufrosi msajulis an erTi an meti msajulis mier xelmowerili weri-lobiTi Setyobineba. masze pasuxis gacemamde, me konsultacias gavmarTav advokatTan da prokurorTan, rasac Sesa-Zloa garkveu-li dro dasWirdes. Tqven SekiTxvaze pasuxis molodinSi, Tqven SegiZliaT ganagrZoTY TaTbiri.

saTaTbiro oTaxSi gasvlamde Tqven TiToeul braldebulze gadmogecemaT verdiqtis ori forma _ gamamarTlebeli da gama-mtyunebeli, romelTagan ken-Wisyris Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT ufrosi msajuli Seavsebs, xels moawers da gadmomcems mxolod erT-erT maTgans.

amis Semdeg, davrwmundebi, rom Tqven mier Sedgenili verdiq-ti Seesabameba kanonis Semdeg moTxovnebs:

1. verdiqti TiToeul braldebaze swori kenWisyris Sede-gad aris miRebuli;

2. ar aris aSkara winaaRmdegoba verdiqtis formebs Soris;

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3. verdiqti gamotanilia yvela wardgenil braldebaze.

me mivmarTav ufros msajuls, gamoacxados verdiqti.

an

me gibrunebT ukan Tqven mier Sedgenil verdiqts, sadac migiTiTebT Tu ra Secdomebi unda gamoasworoT, raTa Tqveni verdiqti Seesabamebodes kanons.

gTxovT, gabrZandeT saTaTbiro oTaxSi.

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nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo saqarTveloSisaqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsis mixedviT

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos gansjadoba

saqarTvelos axalma sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsma, romelic ZalaSi 2010 wlis 1 oqtombridan Sevida, warmogvidgina mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi qarTul sisxlis samarTlis siste-maSi. yuradsaRebi inovaciebi, gaTvaliswinebuli axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT, moicavs SejibrebiTobis principze dafuZnebuli sistemis SemoRebas, nacvlad inkvizici-uri sistemisa da nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos danergvas.

nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Tavdapirvelad warmodgenil iqna mxolod Tbilisis masStabiT, Tumca gaTvaliswinebulia misi gavrceleba saqarTvelos sxva regionebzec momdevno 4 wlis gan-mavlobaSi. nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos droebiTi gansjadoba gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 330-e muxliT, romelic gansazRvravs, rom:

1) 2011 wlis 1 oqtombramde nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo mo-qmedebs mxolod Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi da ganixilavs misi teritoriuli gansjadobisTvis mikuTvnebul, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis (mxolod damTavrebulis) sisxlis samarTlis saq-meebs. danaSaulTa erTobliobisas, Tu pirs brali saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis (mxolod damTavrebulis) CadenaSic edeba, sisxlis samarTlis saqmes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT ganixilavs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo.

11) 2011 wlis 1 oqtombridan 2012 wlis 1 oqtombramde nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo moqmedebs mxolod Tbilisis saqalaqo sa-samarTloSi da ganixilavs misi teritoriuli gansjadobisTvis

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mikuTvnebul, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis sisxlis samarTlis saq-meebs. danaSaulTa erTobliobisas, Tu pirs brali saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSic edeba, sisxlis samarTlis saqmes am kod-eqsiT dadgenili wesiT ganixilavs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo.

2) `2012 wlis 1 oqtombridan 2014 wlis 1 oqtombramde nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTloSi ganixilavs misi teritoriuli gansjadobisTvis mikuTvnebul, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 110-e-114-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulTa sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs. da-naSaulTa erTobliobisas, Tu pirs brali saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 110-e-114-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli dana-Saulis CadenaSic edeba, sisxlis samarTlis saqmes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT ganixilavs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo.~

3) 2012 wlis 1 oqtombridan 2014 wlis 1 oqtombramde saqa-rTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxliT gaTval-iswinebuli danaSaulis saqmeebs nafic msajulTa monawileobiT, pirveli instanciis wesiT ganixilaven Tbilisisa da quTaisis saqalaqo sasamarTloebi. danaSaulTa erTobliobisas, Tu pirs brali saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 109-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSic edeba, sisxlis samar-Tlis saqmes am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT ganixilavs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo.~

31) 2014 wlis 1 oqtombramde, am muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis garda, Tbilisis, quTaisis da baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTloebi nafic msajulTa monawileobiT aseve ganixilaven Semdegi pirebis sisxlis samar-Tlis saqmeebs:

a) ̀ sajaro samsaxurSi interesTan SeuTavseblobisa da koruf-ciis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-2 muxlSi miTiTebuli Tanam-debobis pirisa, romelsac ekava an ukavia Sesabamisi Tanamdeboba;

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b) pirisa, romelsac brali edeba danaSaulis CadenaSi am nawilis `a~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebul pirTan erTad.

4) am muxlis me-3 da 31 nawilebis miznebisaTvis Tbilisis, quTaisisa da baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTloebis teritoriuli gansjadobis wess gansazRvravs saqarTvelos iusticiis umaRle-si sabWo, nafici msajulebi ki SeirCevian Sesabamisad saxelmwifo servisebis ganviTarebis saagentos 18 wels miRweul moqalaqeTa erTiani siidan.~


saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis Tanax-mad (muxli 27-e), nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba 12 msa-julisa da 2 saTadarigo msajulisgan, garda s.s.s. kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa. kerZod, nafic msajulTa sa-samarTlos SemadgenlobaSi ar unda iyos eqvsze naklebi msa-juli naklebad mZime kategoriis danaSaulTa saqmeebze, rvaze naklebi _ mZime kategoriis danaSaulTa saqmeebze, aTze naklebi _ gansakuTrebiT mZime kategoriis danaSaulTa saqmeebze.

manam, sanam nafic msajulTa mier sisxlis samarTlis saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva daiwyeba, mxareebi winaswar mowveuli kandi-datebisgan irCeven msajulTa, konkretuli kategoriis saqmisTvis saWiro Semadgenlobas.

nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdomamde mosamarTle, samoqalaqo reestris erovnuli saagentos mier winaswar gagzavnili 18 wels miRweul moqalaqeTa erTiani siidan, mxareTa mosazrebebis mos-menis Semdeg, SemTxveviTi SerCevis principiT adgens nafici msa-julobis kandidatTa sias, ara umetes 100 piris SemadgenlobiT. SerCeuli nafici msajulobis kandidatTa siaSi mieTiTeba piris gvari da saxeli, rasac xels awers sxdomis Tavmjdomare da siis aslebs gadacems mxareebs. nafici msajulobis kandidatebs msa-

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julTa SerCevis sxdomamde egzavnebaT uwyeba, sadac miTiTebulia sxdomis dawyebis dro, adgili da gamocxadebis savaldebulooba (sssk 221-e muxlis pirveli, meore, meoTxe da mexuTe, nawilebi). nafici msajulobis kandidatebs msajulTa SerCevis sxdomamde gonivrul vadaSi sacxovrebeli adgilis misamarTze egzavnebaT mosamar-Tlis mier mxareebTan moTaTbirebis safuZvelze damt-kicebuli kiTxvari.

nafic msajulTa kandidati valdebulia upasuxos kiTxvebs kiTxvarSi miTiTebul vadaSi (sssk-is 221-e muxlis, pirveli nawili).

mosamarTle uflebamosilia daiwyos sxdoma da msajulTa SerCevis procedura im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu sasamarTloSi msa-julobis 50-ze naklebi kandidati gamocxaddeba. msajulTa Ser-Cevis sxdomis gaxsnisa da Sesabamisi pirveladi procedurebis gatarebis Semdeg, mosamarTle msajulobis kandidatebs miawvdis mxareTa monawileobiT momzadebul ganmartebebs gamosayenebeli kanonis Taobaze. amis Semdeg, mosamarTle amowmebs yvela gare-moebas, romelic SeiZleba gaxdes msajulobis kandidatis ac-ilebis (TviTacilebis) safuZveli, da mxareebs saSualebas aZlevs, SekiTxvebi dausvan msajulobis kandidatebs da warmoadginon damatebiTi masalebi acilebis Taobaze (sss k-is 222-e muxli da 223-e muxlis meore nawili).

mosamarTle uflebamosilia mosTxovos mxareebs misTvis winaswar im SekiTxvebis wardgena, romelTa msajulobis kandi-datebisTvis dasmasac isini apireben; es ar zRudavs mxareebs, rom dasvan damazustebeli kiTxvebi. msajulobis kandidati valdebu-lia swori da amomwuravi pasuxebi gasces misTvis dasmul SekiTx-vebs, warmoadginos sxva aucilebeli informacia misi pirovnebisa da gansaxilveli saqmis monawileebTan misi urTierTobis Tao-baze, agreTve yvela im garemoebis Taobaze, romelmac SeiZleba mas xeli SeuSalos saqmis obieqturad da miukerZoeblad ganxilvaSi (sssk-is 223-e muxlis mesame da meoTxe nawilebi).

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msajulobis kandidatisTvis dasmuli SekiTxvebi ar unda xelyofdes mis personalur monacemebs, profesiul an/da komer-ciul saidumloebas, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac es aucilebe-lia marTlmsajulebis interesebisTvis. msajulobis kandidats SeiZleba moeTxovos aRniSnuli informacia mxolod mxaris das-abuTebuli moTxovnis arsebobisas. Tu aRniSnuli informaciis gamJRavnebam SeiZleba gamousworebeli ziani miayenos mis in-teresebs, msajulobis kandidati informacias awvdis mxolod uSualod sxdomis Tavmjdomares (sssk-is 223-e muxlis mexuTe nawili).

nafici msajulobis kandidati valdebulia kanoniT gansaz-Rvruli acilebis safuZvlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi es acnobos sasamarTlos uwyebis miRebidan 2 dRis ganmavlobaSi. msaju-lobis kandidats, aseve SeuZlia mosamar-Tlis winaSe daayenos Suamdgomloba TviTacilebis Sesaxeb da miuTiTos im garemoebaze, romelic mas xels SeuSlis nafici msajulis uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebaSi. TviTacileba dasabuTebuli unda iyos. mxareebs ufleba aqvT, gamoTqvan TavianTi damokidebuleba msajulobis kan-didatis TviTacilebisadmi (sssk-is 221-e muxlis meeqvse nawili da 223-e muxlis meSvide nawili).

pirs ufleba aqvs, uari ganacxados nafici msajulis mova-leobis Sesrulebaze (sss kodeqsis 31-e muxli):

a) Tu ukanaskneli wlis ganmavlobaSi ukve iyo nafici msa-juli;

b) Tu asrulebs iseT samuSaos, romelSic misi Secvla gamoi-wvevs mniSvnelovan zians;

g) janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo; d) Tu xangrZlivad imyofeba an miemgzavreba saqarTvelos

farglebs gareT; e) Tu 70 wels gadacilebulia.

mxare uflebamosilia daayenos msajulobis kandidatis ac-ilebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba. acilebis uflebas pirvelad ax-

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orcielebs braldebis mxare, xolo Semdeg _ dacvis mxare (sssk-is 223-e muxlis pirveli nawili). mxareebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon rogorc dasabuTebuli, aseve dausabuTebeli Suamdgomlobebi.

piri ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobas nafic msajulad, Tu arsebobs sss kodeqsiT dadgenili nafici msajulis acilebis romelime safuZveli (sssk-is 30-e muxli):

a) igi saxelmwifo-politikuri Tanamdebobis piria; b) igi gamomZiebelia; g) igi policielia; d) igi iricxeba saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi; e) igi sasuliero piria; v) igi aRniSnul saqmeSi sisxlis samarTlis procesis

monawilea; z) igi braldebulia; T) igi narkotikuli saSualebis mcire odenobiT moxmarebi-

sTvis administraciul saxdeldadebuli piria; i) misi monawileoba nafic msajulad aRniSnul saqmeSi

aSkarad usamarTlo iqneboda am piris mier gamoxatuli mosazrebebis an piradi gamocdilebis safuZvelze;

k) igi fsiqologia; l) igi fsiqiatria; m) igi iuristia.

rac Seexeba dausabuTebeli acilebis sakiTxs, Tu wardgenili braldeba sasjelis saxiT iTvaliswinebs uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, mxares 12 dausabuTebeli acilebis gancxadebis ufle-ba aqvs. danarCen SemTxvevebSi mxare uflebamosilia ganacxados 6 dausabuTebeli acileba. Tu saqmeSi ramdenime braldebulia, TiToeul maTgans damatebiT 3 kandidatis dausabuTebeli ac-ilebis gancxadebis ufleba eZleva. igive ufleba eZleva bral-debis mxares. Tu romelime braldebuli srulad ar gamoiyenebs acilebis gancxadebis sakuTar kvotas, misi gamoyenebis ufleba eniWeba imave saqmeSi sxva braldebuls. am SemTxvevaSi braldebis mxare sargeblobs imdenive dausabuTebeli acilebis gancxadebis

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uflebiT, ramdeniTac isargebla yvela braldebulma saerTo jam-Si. dausabuTebeli acileba ar SeiZleba imgvarad iyos gamoyeneb-uli, rom moxdes msajulobis kandidatTa diskriminacia rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, rwmenis, msoflmxedvelobis, politikuri Sexedulebebis, raime gaerTianebis wevrobis, eTnikuri, kulturu-li da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, ojaxuri, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, janmrTelo-bis mdgomareobis, cxovrebis wesis, dabadebis adgilis, asakis an nebismieri sxva niSnis safuZvelze (sssk-is 223-e muxlis meeqvse, meaTe da meTerTmete nawilebi).

acilebisa da TviTacilebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomlobebs mosamar-Tle ganixilavs sajarod da gamoaqvs dasabuTebuli ganCineba. acilebulma msajulobis kandidatma unda datovos sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazi (sssk-is 223-e muxlis merve nawili).

Tu TviTacilebisa da acilebis Semdeg msajulobis kandi-datTa raodenoba siaSi 14-ze naklebia, mosamarTle gadadebs sxdomas ara umetes 10 dRiT da dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad moiwvevs damatebiT ara umetes 30 kandidats nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Semadgenlobis sss kodeqsiT dadgenil raodenobam-de Sesavsebad (sssk-is 223-e muxlis mecxre nawili). acilebis Semdeg darCenil msajulobis kandidatTagan Tormets sxdomis Tavmjdomare niSnavs nafic msajulad, xolo ori saqmis ganxil-vaSi monawileobas miiRebs, rogorc saTadarigo msajuli. saq-mis sirTulidan gamomdinare, mosamarTle uflebamosilia miiRos gadawyvetileba ufro meti saTadarigo msajulis damtkicebis Sesaxeb. saTadarigo msajuli eswreba sasamarTlo sxdomas da sasamarTlos TaTbirs. saTadarigo msajuls ufleba ara aqvs, gamoxatos sakuTari azri, gavlena moaxdinos nafic msajule-bze an monawileoba miiRos kenWisyraSi (sssk-is 224-e muxlis pirveli da meore nawilebi).

nafic msajulTa SerCevis proceduris dasrulebis Semdeg sxdomis Tavmjdomare niSnavs saqmis ganxilvis dRes, romelic unda iyos ara ugvianes SerCevis proceduris dasrulebidan mesa-me dRisa (sssk-is 224-e muxlis mesame nawili).

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sxdomis Tavmjdomare nafic msajulTa Semadgenlobidan wilisyris safuZvelze niSnavs ufros msajuls. ufrosi msa-juli Tavmjdomareobs nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos TaTbirs, nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos saxeliT werilobiTi SekiTxviT mimarTavs sxdomis Tavmjdomares, ajamebs kenWisyris saerTo Sedegebs, adgens Sesabamis dokumentebs, xels awers verdiqts da sasamarTlo sxdomaze acxadebs mas. ufrosi msajulis gaTavisu-flebis SemTxvevaSi nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Tavisi Semad-genlobidan wilisyris safuZvelze irCevs axal ufros msajuls (sssk-is 233-e muxli).

sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mosmenis Semdgom nafici msajulebi verdiqts iReben erTxmad. Tumca, Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSi ver moaxerxebs gadawyvetilebis erTxmad miRebas, gadawyvetileba momdevno 6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi miiReba xmaTa Semdegi umravlesobiT: Tu nafic msajul-Ta sasamarTlo Sedgeba aranakleb 11 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 8 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba 10 nafici msaju-lisagan, verdiqti miiReba 7 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarT-lo Sedgeba 9 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 6 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedgeba 8 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 5 xmiT; Tu nafic msajulTa sasamarTlo Sedge-ba 7 an 6 nafici msajulisagan, verdiqti miiReba 4 xmiT (sssk-is 261-e muxlis mesame da meoTxe nawilebi).

Tu nafic msajulebs ar SeswevT unari, miaRwion saerTo Se-Tanxmebas, sxdomis Tavmjdomare kidev erTxel ganumartavs nafic msajulebs verdiqtis mniSvnelobas da sTxovs ufros nafic msajuls, sxdomis Tavmjdomares moaxsenos, aris Tu ara ise-Ti msajuli, romelic uars acxadebs msjelobaSi monawileobis miRebaze an romelsac aqvs interesi saqmis mimarT, ris Sesaxe-bac ar ganacxada nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros. aRniSnuli ganmartebis Semdeg sxdomis Tavmjdomare mimarTavs nafic msa-julebs, dabrundnen saTaTbiro oTaxSi da gamoitanon verdiqti kanonis Sesabamisad (sssk-is 261-e muxlis mexuTe nawili).

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Tu saTaTbiro oTaxSi dabrunebis Semdeg nafici msajulebi momdevno 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSic ver miiReben verdiqts, mosamar-Tle miscems maT damatebiT gonivrul vadas an daiTxovs maT srul Semadgenlobas da daniSnavs nafic msajulTa axali Semad-genlobis SerCevis sxdomis TariRs. Tu arc am nafic msajulTa sasamarTlos Seswevs unari, miiRos gadawyvetileba am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT, braldebuli gamarTlebulad iTvleba (sss.k-is 261-e muxlis meeqvse nawili).

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nafic msajulTa efeqturi SerCeva5

nafic msajulTa SerCeva iseTive mniSvnelovania, rogorc sa-samarTlo ganxilvis nebismieri sxva etapi. aucilebelia icodeT, rogor SearCioT, an piriqiT, aiciloT konkretuli nafici msa-julobis kandidati. nafic msajulTa Semadgenloba, sul mcire, neitraluri da miukerZoebeli kandidatebisagan unda iyos da-kompleqtebuli. nafici msajulebis SerCevis sxdomaze, potenci-uri kandidatebis gamokiTxvisas, mxareebi oTxi ZiriTadi miznis miRwevas cdiloben:

1. moipovon informacia nafici msajulebisagan; 2. daamyaron maTTan urTierTgageba; 3. gaacnon maT ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi; 4. daarwmunon isini sakuTari (prokuroris/advokatis) pozi-

ciidan Sexedon saqmes.

`Voir Dire~ (nafic msajulTa SerCevis procesi) _ aris nafici msajulo

bis kandidatebTan saubris, maTi gamokiTxvis, SerCevisa da ac-ilebis procesi.

terminis pirdapiri mniSvnelobaa ìlaparake simarTle~.

5 nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCeva _ `SerCevis sxdoma da nafici msajulebis SerCeva~ Sesworda da qarTul enaze iTargmna àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier saqarTveloSi moRvawe advokatebisaTvis. teqsti amoRebulia amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier gamocemuli jefri T. frederikis wignidan `SerCe-vis sxdoma~. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saav-toro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi: 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta:[email protected]

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nafici msajulobis kandidatebma dasmul SekiTxvebs swori pasuxebi unda gascen.

nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma, prokuroris/advoka-tis pirveli da erTaderTi SesaZleblobaa esaubros pirispir TiToeul nafic msajuls. sasamarTlo darbazis gareT saqmeze saubari nafic msajulebTan dauSvebelia. aseTi SesaZlebloba prokurors/advokats mxolod sasamarTlo darbazSi, msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze eZleva, ra Tqma unda, mosamarTlisa da mowi-naaRmdege mxaris TandaswrebiT.

sasamarTlo ganxilvis dawyebis Semdeg, nafic msajulebT-an kerZo (piradi) saubari mxolod sasamarTlos mandaturs, mosamarTlesa da sxdomis mdivans SeuZlia. braldebuls, mowmeebs, gamomZiebels, an nebismier sxva pirs, romelic dakavSirebulia dacvis an braldebis mxaresTan, ekrZalebaT nafic msajulebTan yovelgvari saubari SerCevis sxdomis dasrulebis Semdeg ro-gorc sasamarTlo sxdomis darbazSi, aseve mis farglebs gareT. Tuki mxare SemCneul iqna, rom esaubreba nafic msajuls Tundac iseT umniSvnelo sakiTxze, rogoricaa amindi, amas, savaraudod, acnobeben mosamarTles, romelic gamoikvlevs ra sakiTxs,Aa.S.S-Si damkvidrebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, SesaZloa daiTxovos mTeli nafic msajulTa Semadgenloba, xolo samarTaldamrRvev mxares daakisros jarima.

imisaTvis, rom SevarCioT Cveni saqmisTvis sasurveli nafic msa-julTa Semadgenloba, saWiroa vicodeT acilebis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi.

saqarTvelos axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic moqmedebs 2010 wlis oqtombridan, erTmniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs msajulTa dasabuTebuli acilebis safuZvlebs:

muxli 30. SeuTavsebloba

piri ver miiRebs sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileo-bas nafic msajulad, Tu arsebobs am kodeqsiT dadgenili nafici

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msajulis acilebis romelime safuZveli an/da:

a) igi saxelmwifo-politikuri Tanamdebobis piria; b) igi gamomZiebelia; g) igi policielia; d) igi iricxeba saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi; e) igi sasuliero piria; v) igi aRniSnul saqmeSi sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawilea; z) igi braldebulia; T) igi narkotikuli saSualebis mcire odenobiT moxmarebi-

sTvis administraciul saxdeldadebuli piria; i) misi monawileoba nafic msajulad aRniSnul saqmeSi

aSkarad usamarTlo iqneboda am piris mier gamoxatuli mosaz-rebebis an piradi gamocdilebis safuZvelze;

k) igi fsiqologia; l) igi fsiqiatria; m) igi iuristia.

yvela zemoT CamoTvlili acilebis safuZveli, garda ì~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZvlisa, ukavSirdeba nafici msajulobis kandidatis samsaxurebriv mdgomareobas an statuss.

ì~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli safuZveli ki saWiroebs konkretul arguments, mizezs msajulis acilebis Taobaze da amitom, swored is unda iyos yvelaze xSirad ganviTarebuli da gamoyenebuli mxareebis mier msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze.

ì~ qvepunqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli dasabuTebuli acilebis magaliTebia: winaswari uaryofiTi ganwyoba braldebulis, poli-ciis an braldebis mxaris mimarT; winaswari ganwyoba braleu-lobis an udanaSaulobis mimarT Seqmnili sazogadoebrivi saSu-alebebis mier; kanonis moTxovnebis ugulebelyofa (mtkicebis tvirTi, gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti, mtkicebulebebTan da-kavSirebuli wesebi); danaSaulis msxverpli an misi naTesavi, romelsac am SemTxvevis gamo jer kidev uaryofiTi ganwyoba aqvs

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SemorCenili; rwmena imisa, rom policia/prokuratura arasodes wauyenebda brals udanaSaulo adamians an, rom policieli ara-sodes cruobs, an, piriqiT, _ yovelTvis cruobs; ganwyoba, rom sxva ar unda gansajo da a.S.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 221-e muxlis I nawili moiTxovs nafic msajulTa kiTxvaris gamoyenebas, nafic msajulTa

mier gansaxilvel yvela sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze.

aRniSnuli kiTxvari mniSvnelovania, raTa prokurorma/ad-vokatma moipovos nafici msajulobis kandidatis Sesaxeb is saWiro informacia, romelic daexmareba mas dasabuTebuli ac-ilebis Sesaxeb safuZvlis moZiebasa da SeqmnaSi da, Sesabamisad, dausabuTebeli acilebebis mizanSewonilad gamoyenebaSi (aRniS-nul masalebs Tan erTvis nafic msajulTa kiTxvaris nimuSi).

kiTxvari moicavs SekiTxvebs mraval sakiTxze. magaliTad, msa-julobis kandidatis saxeli da gvari; sacxovrebeli adgili; samsaxuri; ganaTleba; ojaxuri mdgomareoba; raime organizaciis wevroba; wignebi da Jurnal-gazeTebi, romlebsac kandidati kiTx-ulobs; kinofilmebi, romelsac is uyurebs; samxedro samsaxuri; Svilebi; gansaxilvel saqmesTan dakavSirebuli informacia da misi wyaro; nacnoboba mocemul saqmeze braldebulTan an sxva procesis monawile pirebTan; ganwyoba dacvis an braldebis mx-aris, policiis, kanonis, mtkicebis tvirTis, gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis, saeqsperto kvlevebis mimarT; kandidatis religiuri an filosofiuri Sexedulebebi, romelic xels SeuSlis mis mier verdiqtis gamotanas, radgan miaCnia, rom ar aqvs ufleba gansa-jos sxvebi; xom ar fiqrobs kandidati, rom aravis sdeben brals tyuilubralod? xom ar fiqrobs is, rom braldebuls unda mieca Cveneba policiisaTvis, an aucileblad unda misces Cveneba sa-samarTloze, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es mis sawinaaRmdegod iqneba aRqmuli; xom ar iyo kandidati an misi axlo megobari warsulSi danaSaulis msxverpli, an dapatimrebuli; xom ar gaaCnia kandi-

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dats specialuri codna an warsuli gamocdileba saqmisTvis mniSvnelovan, raime konkretul sakiTxze, rogoricaa, magaliTad, cecxlsasroli iaraRebi an ojaxuri Zaladoba da sxva.

prokuroris/advokatis mier nafic msajulTa kiTxvarSi Sesa-tani kiTxvebi maTi Sinaarsisa da raodenobis mixedviT SeiZleba SeizRudos, mxolod: drois faqtoridan gamomdinre, proku-roris/advokatis fantaziis Sesabamisad, sakiTxebiT romlebic mowinaaRmdege mxarisaTvis iqneba miuRebeli, Tuki aRniSnulis mizanSewonilobaSi mosamarTle ver darwmundeba.

gamoiyeneT sss kodeqsis 221-e muxlis I nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli nafic msajulTa kiTxvari mniSvnelovani informaciis mosapoveblad.

mosamarTleebis mier nafic msajulTa gamosakiTxad mxaree-bisaTvis gansazRvruli dro, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis naklebia, vidre amas mxare isurvebda. msajulobis kandidatebi ki, TavSe-kavebuli arian gulwrfeli pasuxebis gacemisagan, rodesac sau-bari ucnobi adamianebis TandaswrebiT uwevT. aqedan gamomdinare, prokurori/advokati gacilebiT vrcel da Rirebul informacias moipovebs, Tuki is nafic msajulTa savaldebulo kiTxvars swo-rad da mizanmimarTulad gamoiyenebs. aRniSnuli kiTxvari xels uwyobs kandidats piradi saxis informaciisa da mosazrebebis ufro Tamamad gamJRavnebaSi, vidre is amas gaakeTebda zepirsi-tyvierad, sasamarTlo darbazSi, mxaris an mosamarTlis mier gamokiTxvisas. kiTxvari agreTve saSualebas iZleva moipovoT gacilebiT meti informacia, vidre es zepiri gamokiTxvisas aris SesaZlebeli. SeadgineT iseTi kiTxvari, romelic samarTliani iqneba orive mxarisTvis. Tqven momaval-Si mogiwevT mowinaaRm-dege mxaris daTanxmeba Tqven mier Sedgenil kiTxvarsa da mis Sinaarsze. SeecadeT, CarToT iseTi kiTxvebi, romlebic dagex-marebaT moipovoT demografiuli xasiaTisa da msoflmxedvelo-bis amsaxveli informacia da SeiZinoT codna, romelic xels SegiwyobT sworad SeafasoT msajulobis kandidatis pirovnuli da fsiqologiuri portreti. imis gadawyvetisas Tu, romeli

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kiTxvebi CarToT msajulTa kiTxvarSi, SeekiTxeT sakuTar Tavs _ gamogadgebaT Tu ara, da dadebiT SemTxvevaSi, rogor gamoga-dgebaT ama Tu im konkretul kiTxvaze miRebuli pasuxi Tqveni miznis miRwevaSi. SeecadeT, CamoayaliboT daaxloebiT 10 ZiriTa-di kiTxva, romelic SegiqmniT msajulis piradi mosazrebebisa da damokidebulebebis Sesaxeb garkveul warmodgenas.

SeqmeniT Sesabamisi forma an gamoiyeneT is formati, romelic gan-Tavsebulia aRniSnuli Tavis bolos, raTa CainiSnoT mniSvnelovani informacia da Tqveni Sefasebebi yoveli msajulobis kandidatis

Sesaxeb

mowinaaRmdege mxare daiTanxmeT kiTxvaris Sinaarsze, sa-samarTlomde sakmao xniT adre. SeecadeT, gaugzavnoT Tqven mier Sedgenili kiTxvari mowinaaRmdege mxares, sasamarTlo procesamde sakmao xniT adre. sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis mzadebis dawyebamde, gaugzavneT mosamarTles mxareebis mier winaswar SeTanxmebuli kiTxvari. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mxareebi ver SeTanxmdnen kiTxvaris Sinaarsze, mniSvnelovania daiTanxmoT mosamarTle gadawyvitos romeli sadavo kiTxva SeiZleba Caidos kiTxvarSi da romeli unda iqnes amoRebuli. Zalian mniSvnelovania guldasmiT Seiswav-loT Tqvens kiTxvarze kandidatTa mier gacemuli pasuxebi manam, sanam daiwyebT potenciur msajulTa zepir gamokiTxvas. gam-onaxeT sakmarisi dro, raTa kargad gaecnoT kiTxvebze gacemul pasuxebs da safuZvlianad moemzadoT zepiri gamokiTxvisTvis.

gaxsovdeT, rom umjobesia, Tu delikatur kiTxvebs nafic msajulTa werilobiT kiTxvarSi dasvamT

adamianebi ufro gulwrfelni arian werilobiT kiTxvebze pasuxebis gacemisas, vidre Ria sasamarTlo sxdomaze gamokiTxvi-sas. mxolod jgufis mimarT dasmuli zogadi xasiaTis kiTxvebze (magaliTad, Tu romelime Tqvengans smenia raime gansaxilvel sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, gTxovT, aswioT xeli?) miRebuli

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`diax~ an `ara~ pasuxebiT, Tqven ver SeiqmniT swor warmodge-nas Tqveni saqmis momaval msajulebze. werilobiT kiTxvarSi Tqven aseve SegiZliaT CaurToT iseTi kiTxvebi, romelTa Ria sa-samarTlo sxdomaze dasmasac ar gariskavdiT. magaliTad, xom ar yofila romelime Tqvengani an Tqveni axlo naTesavi seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli? ras fiqrobT prokurorebze an sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi moRvawe advokatebze? ratom TvliT ase?

winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobebi

gamoiyeneT winasasamarTlo sxdomis Suamdgomlobebi, raTa moipovoT upiratesoba msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze. gaxsovdeT, rom isini SeiZleba gamoynebul iqnes im mizniT, rom mosamarTles gauCndes garkveuli warmodgena Tqveni saqmis Teoriis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, advili gasagebi iqneba misTvis, Tu ratom usvamT ama Tu im kiTxvas nafici msajulobis kandidats SerCevis sxdomaze.

moemzadeT msajulTa SerCevisaTvis

TiToeuli mosamarTle msajulTa SerCevis sxdomas garkveul-wilad gansxvavebulad warmarTavs. zogierTi maTgani nebas rTavs mxareebs, rom iaron sasamarTlo darbazSi da miuaxlovdnen nafic msajulebs. zogi ki, moiTxovs, rom kiTxvebis dasma mxarisaTvis gamoyofili samuSao magididan moxdes. aqedan gamomdinare, Tqven winaswar unda icodeT, Tu rogor warmarTavs SerCevis sxdomas is konkretuli mosamarTle, romelsac gansaxilveli saqme dae-wera. sasurvelia, rom potenciurma naficma msajulebma dainaxon, rom Tqven Tavdajerebuli da kargad momzadebuli xarT da zus-tad iciT, Tu ras akeTebT. Tu Tqven ar iciT, rogor warmarTavs konkretuli mosamarTle msajulTa SerCevis sxdomas, maSin dae-swariT da naxeT misi moqmedebebi sxva sasamarTlo sxdomaze an hkiTxeT TqvenTvis saintereso detalebi im iuristebs, romelTac hqoniaT procesi aRniSnul mosamarTlesTan. daaTvaliereT is sa-samarTlo darbazi winaswar, sadac unda gaimarTos Tqveni saqmis

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ganxilva. SeiswavleT Tqveni mowinaaRmdege mxare da daakvirdiT, Tu rogor iqceva is msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze. Tu saWiroa, daeswariT misi monawileobiT gamarTul sxva sasamarTlo pro-cess an hkiTxeT mis Sesaxeb sxva iuristebs.

ganawyeT nafici msajulebi Tqvens sasikeTod pirvelive dRidan

msajulebTan pozitiuri urTierTobis ganviTareba Zalzed mniSvnelovania. msajulebis mier miRebuli pirveli STabeWdileba Tqvens mimarT, SesaZloa arasodes Seicvalos. iRoneT yvelaferi, raTa is pozitiuri iyos. warudgineT Tqveni Tavi da Tqveni klienti an Tu braldebis mxares warmoadgenT, saqmis gamomZie-beli potenciur msajulebs. Tu Tqven advokati brZandebiT, See-cadeT, rom Tqveni klienti Tqvens gverdiT ijdes dacvis mxaris magidasTan da ara gisosebSi an sxva specialurad gamoyofil adgilas, Tqvengan moSorebiT da badragis TanxlebiT. darwmun-diT, rom braldebuli samoqalaqo tansacmelSi Cacmuli wardges sasamarTloze da ara patimris formiT. sTxoveT mosamarTles, rom ar ekeTos Tqveni dacvis qveS myofs borkilebi msajulTa dasanaxad. es yovelive saWiroa imisaTvis, raTa nafic msajulebs ar SeeqmnaT ganwyoba, rom braldebuli saSiSi pirovnebaa an ar-sebobs gaqcevis riski da is damnaSavea wardgenil braldebaSi.

iyaviT yovelTvis Sesabamisad Cacmuli da mowesrigebuli. esaubreT nafic msajulebs da nu isaubrebT ubralod movaleo-bis moxdis mizniT. iyaviT Tavaziani da daanaxeT kandidatebs, rom Tqven gainteresebT maTi pasuxebi.

Tqven yvelaferi unda gaakeToT imisaTvis, rom msajulebs moewonoT da gauCndeT ndoba Tqvens mimarT. esaubreT maT martiv da gasageb enaze. ar gamoiyenoT iuridiuli terminebi. gamoxateT Tqveni pativiscema da Tavazianoba TiToeuli potenciuri msa-julis mimarT, maSinac ki, Tu Tqven TvliT, rom is arasasurveli msajulia da gadawyvetili gaqvT misi acileba.

miuxedavad imisa, Tu, ra pasuxs miiRebT dasmul kiTxvaze,

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arasodes ekamaToT potenciur msajuls da ar agrZnobinoT, rom man Tqva sisulele.

potenciur msajulebTan urTierTgagebis Camoyalibebas ori mniSvnelovani sikeTe moaqvs: pirveli, msajulebi cdiloben iyvnen ufro gaxsnili da gulwrfeli TavianT pasuxebSi da meore, poz-itiuri ganwyoba advokatis/prokuroris mimarT, romelic war-moiSoba urTierTgagebis damyarebis Sedegad, rac zrdis mxaris damajereblobas sasamarTlo procesze.

imisaTvis, rom ganaviTaroT urTierTgageba msajulebTan, Tqven unda:

gamoxatoT interesi TiToeuli msajulis mimarT; moepyraT maT pativiscemiT; · agrZnobinoT Tavi komfortulad gamokiTxvis procesSi; SeinarCunoT simSvide nebismier situaciaSi.

urTierTgageba msajulebTan pozitiuri urTierTobis damyarebis Sedegad warmoiSoba. amgvarad, saWiroa iseTi kiTxvebis momzadeba, romlebic saSualebas miscemen msajulebs isaubron sakuTar Tavze da pirad Sexedulebebze. Ria daboloebis kiTx-vebis dasma sasargebloa rogorc informaciis mopovebis Tval-sazrisiT, aseve urTierTgagebis CamoyalibebisTvisac.

mniSvnelovania, Tu rogori formiT davsvamT kiTxvebs msajulTa winaSe

potenciur msajulebs mieciT saSualeba, raTa isaubron. naf-ic msajulTa SerCevis sxdomis warmatebulad Catarebis mTavari principia miaRwioT, rom kandidatebma giambon sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb. dausviT maT iseTi kiTxvebi, romlebic saubris saSu-alebas miscems. ras akeTeben samsaxurSi? ra interesebi gaaCniaT an riTi arian dakavebuli Tavisufal dros? amgvari SekiTxvebi ara marto mniSvnelovani informaciis mopovebaSi dagexmarebaT, aramed xels Seuwyobs nafici msajulobis kandidatebs, raTa gaixsnan da ufro Tamamad ganewyon gamokiTxvis procesis mimarT.

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dasviT Ria daboloebis kiTxvebi. mieciT msajulebs saSu-aleba, raTa gadmoscen pasuxi TavianTi sityvebiT. Ria daboloebis kiTxvebi, romlebic ar Semoifargleba mxolod `diax~ an `ara~ pasuxebiT, saSualebas iZleva moipovoT ufro vrceli informa-cia msajulis mosazrebebis Sesaxeb. kiTxva: `gTxovT, gviTxraT, ras fiqrobT im faqtis Sesaxeb, rom mtkicebis tvirTi mTlianad awevs braldebis mxares da braldebuli araa valdebuli amt-kicos Tavisi udanaSauloba?~ _ es saSualebas mogcemT ufro vrclad moisminoT informacia potenciuri msajulis namdvili Sexedulebebisa da azrebis Sesaxeb, vidre im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac kiTxva Semdegnairad iqneboda dasmuli: `fiqrobT Tu ara, rom prokurorma unda amtkicos braldebulis damnaSaveoba?~

Tavi aarideT imgvari kiTxvebis dasmas, romlebic ubiZgebs potenciur msajuls gasces swori pasuxi, raTa gamoCndes `kar-gi~ sxvebis TvalSi. zogierTi kiTxva, misi Sinaarsidan gamomdi-nare, pirdapir uTiTebs kandidats swori pasuxisaken. magaliTad, Tu vkiTxavT msajuls SeZlebs, Tu ara igi iyos samarTliani da miukerZoebeli, pasuxad yovelTvis miviRebT _ `ra Tqma unda, ki.~

maqsimalurad gamoiyeneT mosamarTlis mier moniWebuli uflebebi. Tuki mosamarTle dagrTavT nebas saTiTaod gamoh-kiTxoT TiToeuli potenciuri msajuli, gamoiyeneT es ufleba da dasviT yvela TqvenTvis mniSvnelovani, Ria daboloebis kiTx-va. gamoiyeneT msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma kandidatebTan sasau-brod, Tumca nu miscemT am yvelafers axali samsaxuris Taobaze gamar-Tuli intervius an dakiTxvis formas. msajulebi, rogorc wesi, ufro mets mogiyvebian sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb Cveulebrivi saubris dros, vidre amas gaakeTebdnen, Tuki Tavs dakiTxvaze igrZnobdnen.

Tu mosamarTle mxolod jgufurad gamokiTxvis nebas dagrTavT, SeecadeT, rom maqsimalurad aqtiurad CarToT jgufis yvela wevri gamokiTxis procesSi. pirvel rigSi, dasviT iseTi SekiTxvebi, romelzec kandidatTa umravlesoba aswevs xels. amiT Tqven daexmarebiT potenciur msajulebs moixsnan is daZabuloba,

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romelic sasamarTlo darbazSi yofniT gauCndaT da ufro Tama-mad CaerTon saubris procesSi. Semdeg ki im msajulebs mimar-TeT, romlebsac xeli pirvelad dasmuli kiTxvisas ar auweviaT. aseTi taqtika swrafad miaxvedrebs kandidatebs, rom xelis araweviT isini sabolood mainc ver aarideben Tavs am gamokiTx-vis procesSi monawileobas. bolos ki daimaxsovreT, rodesac potenciuri msajuli aswevs xels da mogcemT pasuxs raime mniSvnelovan sakiTxze, gansakuTrebiT ki TqvenTvis arasasurvel pasuxs, CaekiTxeT sxva kandidatebs iziareben, Tu ara isinic am pozicias.

Tqveni mTavari mizania gaigoT TiToeuli potenciuri msa-julis xasiaTi da ganwyoba. kandidatis warsuli, gamocdileba da mosazrebebi gansazRvravs mis msoflmxedvelobas da imas, Tu rogor Seafasebs igi ama Tu im mtkicebulebas, arguments da saqmesTan dakavSirebul sxva sakiTxebs. konkretuli unar-Cvevebi da midgomebi exmareba prokurors/advokats, raTa moipovos aseTi informacia msajulobis kandidatebisagan.

demografiuli informacia da warsuli gamocdileba (mag-aliTad, samsaxuri, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, ganaTleba da a.S.) SesaZlebelia iyos sasargeblo, Tumca es mxolod pirveli nabijia, raTa sworad SeicnoT msajulis xasiaTi da ganwyoba. gamokvlevebma cxadyo, rom demografiuli informaciiT ufro naklebadaa SesaZlebeli msajulis gadawyvetilebis ganWvreta, vidre misi gamocdilebis da mosazrebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gacnobis SemTxvevaSi.

gansazRvreT, Tu ra zegavlena moaxdina msajulobis kandi-datis pirovnebaze warsulma gamocdilebam. informacia garkveu-li warsuli gamocdilebis Sesaxeb, romelic msajuls SeiZleba hqondes, metad mniSvnelovania, vinaidan aRniSnulis mixedviT Tqven SesaZlebelia gamoicnoT, Tu ra ganviTareba pova am ga-mocdilebis Sedegad msajulis Sexedulebebma da rwmenam. mag-aliTad, Tu Tqveni saqmisaTvis kanditatis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze dazaralebulad yofna mniSvnelovania, maSin mas ara mar-

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to zogadad is unda hkiTxoT, yofila Tu ara odesme danaSau-lis msxverpli, aramed aseve hkiTxoT: (1) ra saxis danaSauls hqonda adgili, (2) ra konkretuli garemoebebi arseboda am saq-meze, (3) Tu Seicvala raime mis cxovrebaSi am faqtis Semdgom (magaliTad,LTu daamontaJa usafrTxoebis specialuri sistema saxlze da a.S.) da (4) am konkretuli gamocdilebis Semdgom, rogoria misi Sexedulebebi piradi usafrTxoebisa da marTlm-sajulebis mimarT.

CaekiTxeT msajulebs maTi mosazrebebisa da Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, aqvT Tu ara undobloba policiis mimarT? FTu fiqroben, rom qali iTvaliswinebs seqsualuri Zaladobis risks, rodesac paemanze mamakacis binaSi midis? rac ufro Rr-mad gamoikvlevT, Tu rogor uyureben msajulebi im kritikul sakiTxebs, romlebic Tqvens saqmeSia, miT ufro gaizrdeba Tqveni Sansi sworad SeicnoT msajulebis xasiaTi da mosazrebebi.

usmineT nafic msajulebs yuradRebiT. maT pasuxebSi gamoxat-uli mosazrebebi, SesaZlebelia mxolod umniSvnelo gansxvavebas moicavdes. rodesac mxare ar usmens msajulis mier gacemul pasuxs, amas kandidatebi advilad xvdebian da Tavs aRar iwuxe-ben, raTa kargad gaazrebuli pasuxebi gascen dasmul kiTxvebze.6

miaqcieT yuradReba araverbalur komunikacias _ `sxeulis enas~ da `saubris maneras.~ mniSvnelovania ara marto is, Tu ras am-bobs nafici msajuli, aramed isic, Tu rogor ambobs is amas. msajulis sxeulis moZraoba, Jestikulacia, gamometyveleba da Tvalis kontaqti, is mniSvnelovani elementebia, romlebic migan-iSnebT mis azrebsa da grZnobebze. asevea saubris manera, pauza pasuxis gacemis dros, xmis tembri, toni. yuradsaRebia, msaju-lis mondomeba _ gadmogceT ufro meti informacia Tqven, vidre mowinaaRmdege mxares. es yvelaferi erTobliobaSi dagexmarebaT SeqmnaT sruli suraTi imisa, Tu ras fiqrobs da grZnobs nafici msajuli.

6 vrclad aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb ixileT qvemoT `informacia potenciur nafic msajulTa Sesaxeb~

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ar arsebobs iseTi miniSneba, romelic erTmniSvnelovnad da utyuarad daadasturebda msajulis TvalTmaqcobas. konkretuli Jestikulacia da moZraoba SesaZlebelia gamowveuli iyos sx-vadasxva mizeziT. es, saboloo jamSi, saWiroebs Sefasebas kan-didatis zogad qcevasa da yvela moqmedebebTan erTad. MmTavari principi, raTa sworad SevicnoT msajulis sxeulis ena, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom kargad unda davakvirdeT da SevafasoT misi qceva sxvadasxva saxis kiTxvebis dasmis dros, imis gaTval-iswinebiT, Tu vin dasva esa Tu is kiTxva.

daakvirdiT, xom ar aridebs potenciuri msajuli Tvals ad-vokats, an xom ar uyurebs is braldebuls daJinebiT, ise TiTqos is araraoba an raime saxis qvewarmavali iyos. an, piriqiT, xom ar ucinis is gamudmebiT prokurors an braldebuls. yvela es detali mianiSnebs prokurorsa da advokats Tu ramdenad misaRe-bia esa Tu is kandidati maTi mxarisaTvis. 7

aswavleT nafic msajulebs Tqveni saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi

msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze prokurorma/advokatma unda as-wavlos nafic msajulebs Tavisi saqmis mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi da gadawyvetilebis miRebis kriteriumebi. mTavari arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Cven gvinda msajulebs esmodeT CvenTvis mniS-vnelovani sakiTxebi. umetes SemTxvevaSi kandidatebi sasamarT-loSi araswori SexedulebebiT modian, kanonebis da maTi, rogorc msajulis movaleobebis mimarT.

msajulTa swavlebis mizani imaSi mdgomareobs, rom swored amazea damokidebuli, Tu rogor gadaamuSaveben isini sasamarTlo ganxilvisas miRebul informacias. Tuki msajulebs araswori warmodgena aqvT mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis mimarT, isini sasamarT-lo ganxilvis procesSi miRebul informacias swored Tavisi araswori Sexedulebebis safuZvelze gadaamuSaveben. Sesabamisad,

7 ixileT qvemoT, potenciuri nafici msajulebis araverbaluri komu-nikaciebis Sesaxeb Tavi.

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Tuki maTi Sexedulebebi ar iqna gamosworebuli adreul etapzeve, Sedegad SeiZleba miviRoT mcdari daskvnebi an ugulebelyofili mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebani.

swavlebis procesi potenciur msajulTa mosazrebebis (mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis mimarT) gamokiTxviT iwyeba. rodesac araswori warmodgenebi gamoaSkaravdeba, prokurors/advokats SeuZliaT gamoiyenon Ria daboloebis SekiTxvebi, raTa dadgindes adgili aqvs marTlac araswor Sexedulebas Tu saxezea miker-Zoeba. Tu msajulis Sexeduleba ubralod araswori mosazrebaa, maSin damatebiTi kiTxvebis saSualebiT unda mimovixiloT es konkretuli samarTlebrivi sakiTxi da gamovkveToT mondome-bulia Tu ara kandidati daemorCilos Sesabamis samarTlebriv standarts. magaliTad:

advokati: migaCniaT Tu ara, rom braldebuli unda daikiTxos mocemul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT?

msajuli: diax. mgoni, asea, vfiqrobdi, rom braldebuli unda dakiTxuliyo. yovel SemTxvevaSi me, rogorc teleekranidan minax-avs, braldebulebi yovelTvis aZleven Cvenebas.

advokati: Tqven ra ganwyoba dagrCebaT, Tuki braldebuli ar miscems Cvenebas?

msajuli: albaT, raRac damakldeba, arasrulyofili iqneba (damatebiTi kiTxvebiT SeiZleba am sakiTxis kidev ufro vrclad gamokvleva).

advokati: cota xnis win Cven aRvniSneT, rom am saqmeSi mt-kicebis tvirTi braldebis mxares akisria. ras niSnavs es ga-nacxadi TqvenTvis?

msajuli: es niSnavs, rom prokurorma unda daamtkicos bral-deba, anu man unda dagvarwmunos Cven, rom braldebuli damnaSavea.

advokati: ras niSnavs es dacvis mxarisaTvis? msajuli: es niSnavs, rom braldebis mxarem unda daamtkicos

yvelaferi da ara dacvam. advokati: marTalia! sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilva sak-

maod seriozuli sakiTxia. Tu saxelmwifos surs, rom damnaSaved cnos piri da cixeSi Casvas igi, maSin man unda aiRos iniciativa

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da daamtkicos wardgenili braldeba. axla ki miTxariT, ro-gor esadageba es principi braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemis sakiTxs?

msajuli: is araa valdebuli da arc unda iyos valdebuli misces Cveneba. braldebis damtkiceba xom saxelmwifos saqmea.

advokati: braldebuls rom Cveneba ar mieca, amas mis sawi-naaRmdegod gamoiyenebdiT?

msajuli: ara. advokati: Tqveni es pozicia zedapiruli gaazrebis Sedegia? msajuli: ara. adre marTla ar mifiqria kargad am sakiTxze.

rogorc nafici msajuli, Cemi movaleobaa davicva kanoni da es ki kanonis

moTxovnaa. advokati: xom ar SeikavebdiT Tavs aRniSnulis gakeTebisagan? msajuli: ara. msajulTa `swavlebis~ sawyis etapze umjobesi iqneba Tavi

SeikavoT iseTi frazebisagan, rogoricaa `kanonis Tanaxmad...~ `gesmiT, rom...~. marTalia, zogierTi mosamarTle avaldebulebs mxareebs gamoiyenon es frazebi, Tumca, Tuki mogecaT SesaZle-bloba, rom ar ixmaroT isini, aucileblad gamoiyeneT es Sansi, raTa Tavidan airidoT msajulTa mxridan araswori pasuxebi.

darwmuneba/daTanxmeba

mxaris bolo amocanas SerCevis procesze `darwmuneba~ war-moadgens. vinaidan, nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma, kandidatebsa da mxareebs Soris, interaqtivis saxiT mimdinareobs, Sesabamisad, arsebobs garkveuli winaswari ganwyobis Seqmnis potencialic. es sakiTxi swavlebis procesisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom, ro-gorc wesi, farulad mimdinareobs da miznad isaxavs zemoqmedebis moxdenas nafic msajulTa Sexedulebebze, gansaxilveli saqmidan gamomdinare. aRniSnulis misaRwevad arsebobs ramdenime saSu-aleba.

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SeqmeniT winaswari ganwyoba Tqveni saqmis Sesaxeb

dasmuli kiTxvebis saSualebiT prokurors/advokats Seu-Zlia Seqmnas Tavisi saqmis Sesaxeb sasurveli ganwyoba; anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ganawyos msajulebi, raTa saqmes Sexedon mxaris poziciidan. magaliTad, prokurors SeuZlia Seqmnas wi-naswari ganwyoba Semdegi kiTxvebis dasmiT: xom ar moeliT, rom braldebis mxarem unda daamtkicos piris braleuloba nebismieri an yvela eWvs miRma standartiT? albaT xvdebiT, rom Tu es ase iqneboda, maSin aseT standarts mxare verasodes daakmayofileb-da? an, Tuki prokurori gegmavs iribi mtkicebulebebis gamoy-enebas braldebis dasamtkiceblad, is ikiTxavs: xom ar iqneboda TqvenTvis miuRebeli iribi mtkicebulebebi?

moigeT verbaluri omi

sityvebi, romlebsac viyenebT movlenebis aRweris dros, ze-gavlenas axdens msajulTa mier am movlenebis aRqmaze. mxareebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon es xerxi Tavis sasargeblod, Tu isini mudmivad gamoiyeneben sasurvel sityvebsa da frazebs mTeli gamokiTxvis procesSi (sasamarTlo ganxilvis drosac). magali-Tad, SevadaroT erTsa da imave Temaze dasmuli kiTxvebi, erTi _ prokuroris da meore _ advokatis mier, mxolod mciredi gan-sxvavebiT sityvebSi:

prokurori mimarTavs msajuls: es saqme exeba mkvlelobas, ro-melic Cadenil iqna braldebulis yofili sayvarlis dayaCaRebi-sas. braldebuls bralad edeba msxverplis dayaCaReba da mkv-leloba, Cadenili cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebiT. gsmeniaT raime am saqmis Sesaxeb? Semdeg prokurori danarCen nafic msaju-lebs umeorebs imave kiTxvas da sTxovs aswion xeli, Tu vinmes smenia raime aRniSnul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT.

advokati mimarTavs msajuls: am saqmeze, wardgenili braldebis Tanaxmad, aw gansvenebuli moklul iqna cecxlsasroli iaraRi-dan, rac prokuroris mtkicebiT, ganxorcielda yaCaRobis Cadenis

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momentSi. gardacvlili da braldebuli erT dros erTmaneTs xvdebodnen. gsmeniaT raime am saqmis Sesaxeb? Semdeg ki advokati mimarTavs danarCen nafic msajulebs: gsmeniaT raime aRniSnul saqmesTan dakavSirebiT.

gansxvaveba zemoaRniSnul gancxadebebs Soris imaSi mdgo-mareobs, rom prokurorma gamoiyena sityvebi: `mkvleloba,~ `msx-verpli,~ `yofili sayvareli,~ maSin roca dacva iyenebs: `ward-genili braldeba,~ `aw gansvenebuli,~ `prokuroris mtkicebiT ganxorcielda yaCaRobis Cadenis momentSi,~ `erT dros erT-maneTs xvdebodnen~. garda amisa, prokuroris terminebi, dacvis mxaris mier gamoyenebul terminebTan SedarebiT, ufro pirda-piria. advokati wardgenil braldebebze saubrobs da ara faqte-bze. braldebis mxare xazs usvams braldebulisa da msxverplis axlo urTierTobebs, dacvis mxare ki cdilobs maT Soris dis-tancia gamokveTos.

iuridiuli standartebis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli ganmartebebi, romlebic maT ufro mkacrad an ufro msubuqad warmoaCenen, gansazRvraven, Tu rogor gamoiyeneben am standartebs nafici msajulebi momavalSi.

is, Tu ra sityvebiT gadmovcemT ama Tu im informacias, gav-lenas axdens ara marto saqmis Sinaarsze, aramed gansaz- Rvravs msajulTa mier iuridiuli standartebis gamoyenebis principebs saqmis ganxilvisas. mxaris mier iuridiuli standartebis im saxiT ganmarteba, romlebic maT ufro mkacrad an ufro msubuqad warmoaCens, gansazRvravs, Tu rogor gamoiyeneben am standartebs nafici msajulebi. magaliTad, prokurorebi cdiloben aCvenon ufro dabali standarti mtkicebis tvirTTan mimarTebaSi, maSin rodesac dacvis mxare mis amaRlebas cdilobs.

prokurori: `braldebis mxares akisria mtkicebis tvirTi, rac niSnavs, rom mxolod man unda aiRos iniciativa pirvelma da war-moadginos braldebulis damnaSaveobis damadasturebeli mtkice-

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bulebebi, raTa dagarwmunoT Tqven mis damnaSaveobaSi gonivrul eWvs miRma. rogor fiqrobT, SeZlebT daeTanxmoT am kanons?~ an, `xom ar fiqrobT, rom prokurorma wardgenili braldeba yovel-gvari eWvis gamoricxviT unda daamtkicos?~

advokati: ̀ braldebuli araa valdebuli amtkicos Tavis udan-aSauloba, vinaidan mtkicebis tvirTi mTlianad braldebis mxares akisria, rac niSnavs, rom prokurori valdebulia, gonivrul eWvs miRma daamtkicos Cemi dacvis qveS myofis mier danaSaulis Ca-dena, misi yvela Semadgeneli elementis gaTvaliswinebiT. rogor fiqrobT, SeZlebT daeTanxmoT am kanons?~

moamzadeT yvelaze idealuri da yvelaze miuRebeli nafici msaju-lis profili.

aRniSnuli niSnavs iseTi specialuri maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT msajulTa dajgufebas, romlebic gansazRvraven Tqveni saqmisTvis yvelaze sasurvel an, piriqiT, yvelaze miuRebel nafic msajuls. anu, vin gindaT, rom iyos nafic msajulTa Semadgenlo-baSi da vis acilebas moisurvebdiT.

visi acileba unda ganxorcieldes dasabuTebuli wesiT?

gamomdinare iqidan, rom konkretuli potenciuri nafici msa-juli SeiZleba ar iyos obieqturi da miukerZoebeli, Tqven Sesa-Zloa dagWirdeT misi acileba an, piriqiT, Tu msajuli dadebiTad aris ganwyobili Tqveni poziciisadmi _ misi nafic msajulad SerCeva. qvemoT CamoTvlilia is sakiTxebi, romlebic dagexmare-baT zemoxsenebulis gansaxorcieleblad:

1. icis Tu ara potenciurma naficma msajulma saqmis irgvliv arsebuli faqtebis Sesaxeb?

2. icnobs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli dazaralebuls, braldebuls, advokats an gamomZibels, an saqmeSi monawile sxva pirebs?

3. xom ar aqvs potenciur nafic msajuls Camoyalibebuli raime

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winaswari Sexeduleba masmediaSi am saqmis Sesaxeb gavrcele-buli informaciis Sedegad.

4. gaaCnia Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls sakuTari Sexed-uleba saqmis Sesaxeb raime sxva mizeziT?

5. aris Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli tendenciuri rome-lime mxaris mimarT?

6. aris Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli iseTi, romelic ar Seasrulebs kanonis moTxovnas?

7. aris Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli iseTi pirovneba, romelsac ar SeuZlia gansajos sxva piri da Sesabamisad, SeTanxmdes verdiqtze? fiqrobs Tu ara potenciuri nafi-ci msajuli, rom Tu pirovnebas brali aqvs wayenebuli, igi aucileblad damnaSavea?

8. fiqrobs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom bralde-bulma unda daamtkicos Tavisi udanaSauloba da ara bral-debis mxarem?

9. gaaCnia Tu ara poteniur nafic msajuls raime saxis ara-keTilganwyoba policiis an braldebis mxaris mimarT?

10. fiqrobs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom braldebu-lis mier dumilis uflebis gamoyeneba, dakavebis dros an saq-mis sasamarTloSi ganxilvisas, miuTiTebs mis damnaSaveobaze?

11. yofilaA Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli, misi axlo megobari an ojaxis wevri danaSaulis msxverpli, gansa-kuTrebiT msgavsi danaSaulisa?

12. Tu es asea, SeuZlia Tu ara Ppotenciur nafic msajuls daiviwyos misi gamocdileba?

13. miuRia Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls monawileoba nafic msajulad sxva sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi?

14. SeuSlis Tu ara zemoaRniSnuli garemoeba mas xels, rom iyos samar-Tliani an miukerZoebeli mimdinare saqmis ganxilvisas?

15. aqvs Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls raime saxis fizikuri nakli, smenis, mxedvelobis an enasTan dakavSirebuli proble-mebi, rac xels SeuSlis mas nafici msajulis movaleobis SesrulebaSi?

16. gaaCnia Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls gansakuTrebuli mizezi, romelic xels SeuSlis mas, rom iyos nafici msa-juli?

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17. arsebobs Tu ara raime mizezi, romelic miuTiTebs imaze, rom potenciuri nafici msajuli ver iqneba samarTliani da mi-ukerZoebeli sasamarTlo ganxilvisas?

Tu Tqven ver gamonaxavT dasabuTebuli wesiT acilebis safuZ-vels, gamoiyeneT dausabuTebeli acilebis ufleba. dasabuTebuli da dausabuTebeli acilebis safuZvlebi mocemulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 223-e muxlSi.

sssk-is muxli 223-e. nafic msajulTa SerCeva, cileba da TviTacileba

1. mxare uflebamosilia daayenos msajulobis kandidatis acilebis Sesaxeb Suamdgomloba. acilebis uflebas pirvelad axorcielebs braldebis mxare, xolo Semdeg _ dacvis mxare.

Tumca,

sssk-is muxli 223-e muxlis me-6-e nawili dausabuTebeli acileba ar SeiZleba imgvarad iyos gamoyenebuli, rom moxdes msajulobis kandidatTa diskriminacia rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, rwmenis, msoflmxedvelobis, politikuri Sexedulebebis, raime gaerTianebis wevrobis, eTnikuri, kulturuli da social-uri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, ojaxuri, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, janmrTelobis mdgomareo-bis, cxovrebis wesis, dabadebis adgilis, asakis an nebismieri sxva niSnis safuZvelze.

sssk-is muxli 223-e muxlis me-10-e nawili Tu wardgenili braldeba sasjelis saxiT iTvaliswinebs uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, mxares 12 dausabuTebeli acilebis ganacxadis ufleba aqvs. danarCen SemTxvevebSi mxare uflebamosilia ganacxados 6 dausabuTebeli acileba.

mzad iyaviT mosalodneli acilebisaTvis, romlis safuZv-lebic mocemulia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 223-e muxlis me-6 punqtSi.

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gaxsovdeT, rom arc erTi mxare ar aris uflebamosili, rom gamoiyenos dausabuTebeli acileba `rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqe-sis, rwmenis, msoflmxedvelobis, politikuri Sexedulebebis, raime gaerTianebis wevrobis, eTnikuri, kulturuli da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, ojaxuri, qonebrivi da wodebrivi md-gomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, cxovrebis wesis, dabadebis adgilis, asakis an nebismieri sxva niSnis safuZvelze.

gamomdinare zemoTqmulidan, iyaviT mzad, raTa daasabuToT, rom konkretuli msajulis acileba ganxorcielda sxva safuZv-liT, romelic ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli sssk-is 223-e muxlis me-6 punqtSi. es moiTxovs Zalian did dafiqrebas da ufro rTu-lia saqarTvelos realobaSi, vidre amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, radgan im mizezebis CamonaTvali, ra drosac ar SegiZliaT moax-dinoT nafic msajulTa dausabuTebeli wesiT acileba, gacilebiT didia. Tumca iyaviT mzad, raTa moaxdinoT reagireba braldebis mxaris mier dayenebul dausabuTebel acilebaze, zemoT moyvanili romelime safuZvlis gamo.

akontroleT gamoyenebuli dausabuTebeli acilebebis raodenoba

Tqven unda icodeT, Tu ramdeni acilebis gamoyenebis ufleba gaqvT konkretul saqmeze. mniSvnelovania akotroloT, Tu ram-deni gamoiyeneT da ramdeni dagrCaT. agreTve ramdeni acilebis ufleba gamoiyena Tqvenma oponentma da ramdeni darCa mas gamo-sayenebeli.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 223-e muxli, me-10 da me11 punqtebi

Tu wardgenili braldeba sasjelis saxiT iTvaliswinebs uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, mxares 12 dausabuTebeli acilebis ganacxadis ufleba aqvs. danarCen SemTxvevebSi mxare uflebamo-silia ganacxados 6 dausabuTebeli acileba. Tu saqmeSi ramdenime braldebulia, TiToeul maTgans damatebiTY3 kandidatis dausab-uTebeli acilebis ganacxadis ufleba eZleva. igive ufleba eZl-

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eva braldebis mxares. Tu romelime braldebuli srulad ar gamoiyenebs acilebis ganacxadis sakuTar kvotas, misi gamoyenebis ufleba eniWeba imave saqmeSi sxva braldebuls. am SemTxvevaSi braldebis mxare sargeblobs imdenive dausabuTebeli acilebis ganacxadis uflebiT, ramdeniTac isargebla yvela braldebulma saerTo jamSi.

ra dros unda moxdes dausabuTebeli da dasabuTebuli acilebebis gamoyeneba?

unda daisvas kiTxva: vin gsurT, rom `gamoricxoT~ da vin gsurT, rom daitovoT nafic msajulad?

vin aris TqvenTvis misaRebi nafici msajuli da vin aris miuRebeli?

zemoaRniSnulze pasuxis gacema sakmaod problematuria. amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, sadac nafic msajulTa sasamarT-los oraswliani gamocdileba arsebobs, amaze naTeli pasuxi jerac ar aris. arseboben e.w. eqspertebi, romlebic exmarebian prokurorebs/advokatebs konkretul saqmeebze nafic msajulTa SerCevisas. isini sakmaod maRal anazRaurebas iReben, Tumca maT mier micemuli rCeva xSirad kvalificiur winaswar daskvnas ver cdeba.

saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi pasuxis gacema kidev ufro rTu-lia gansxvavebuli kulturisa da gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis gamo. zogadad amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi menejerebi, xelmZR-vaneli Tanamdebobis pirebi, adamianebi, romlebic konservatiul politikur partiebs ekuTvnian, braldebis mxaris mimarT arian keTilganwyobilebi. maSin, roca pedagogebi, xelovnebis dargis muSakebi an/da adamianebi, romlebic `liberalur~ politikur partiebs ekuTvnian, SesaZloa dacvis mxarisadmi dadebiTad iyvnen ganwyobilebi. ra Tqma unda, arsebobs gamonaklisebi.

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prokurorma/advokatma unda Seiswavlos potenciuri naficimsajulebis warsuli

upirveles yovlisa, nafic msajulTa Sesaxeb informacias viRebT maTi biografiidan. igi moicavs mTel rig informacias, rogoricaa rasa, sqesi, samuSao gamocdileba, ganaTleba da or-ganizaciis wevroba. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRniSnul faqtorebs SesaZloa meorexarisxovani roli hqondeT msajulis mier gadawyvetilebis miRebaze, es informacia mainc axdens gavlenas am procesze. magaliTad, erT-erTi kvlevis Tanaxmad, msajulTa sqesi iyo yvelaze mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli msajulTa mier gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas seqsualuri Zaladobis saqmeebze _ mdedrobiTi sqesis nafici msajulebi ufro dazaralebulis (braldebis mxaris) mimarT iyvnen keTilganwyobilebi, maSin roca mamrobiTi sqesis msajulebi dacvis mxarisadmis gamoxatavdnen simpaTias. rodesac mxedvelobaSi miiReba nafic msajulTa bio-grafia, prokurorma/advokatma unda gaiTvaliswinos, Tu ram-denad sasargebloa an saziano mxaris poziciisaTvis nafic msa-julTa Sexedulebebi ama Tu im sakiTxze.

identifikaciasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi: biografiulma maxa-siaTeblebma SesaZloa moaxdinos potenciuri nafici msajulebis identificireba mxareebis, mowmeebis an movlenebis mimarT. aqvT Tu ara msajulebs iseTi biografiuli monacemebi, ris gamoc, maT romelime mxaris warmomadgeneli an konkretuli mowme naklebad moewonebaT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu potenciuri msajulebi miekuT-vnebian maRal socialur an ekonomikurad SeZlebul fenas, xom ar gamoiwvevs es maT mier biznesisadmi mxardamWer damokideb-ulebas. es da sxva kiTxvebi naTels mohfens msajulTa identi-ficirebis SesaZleblobas mxareebis, mowmeebisa da movlenebis mimarT.

sxvadasxva jgufebisadmi kuTvnileba

am jgufebSi moiazreba mravali jgufi, romelic sazogadoe-baSi arsebobs. magaliTad: socialuri, politikuri, religiuri, ekonomikuri, samuSao adgilTan dakavSirebuli da demografiuli.

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adamianebi am jgufebis wevrebi sxvadasxva gziT xdebian. wevroba SesaZloa iyos nebayoflobiTi, savaldebulo an bunebrivi (asaki, sqesi an rasa). aRniSnuli jgufebi sakmaod did gavlenas ax-denen adamianebze. isini gvevlinebian erTgvar standartad, rom-lis meSveobiTac Cven erTmaneTs vadarebT Cvens SesaZleblobebs, Sexedulebebsa da Rirebulebebs. religiuri jgufebisa da poli-tikuri organizaciebisadmi kuTvnileba, gansazRvravs adamianebis garkveul Sexedulebebs, Rirebulebebs da qcevas.

adamianebis dadebiTi ganwyoba raime jgufisadmi, zegavle-nas axdens maT keTilganwyobasa da harmoniulobaze zogadad am jgufis wevrebis mimarT. amasTan, mowme ufro damajereblad gamoiyureba nafici msajulis TvalSi, Tu es mowme da nafici msajuli warmoadgenen erTsa da imave jgufs da iziareben msgavs Sexedulebebs. magaliTad, mowmes, romelic aris gaerTianebis wevri, eqneba meti zegavlena im nafic msajulebze, romlebic imave gaerTianebis wevrebs warmoadgenen, vidre maTze, romlebic ar arian am gaerTianebis wevrebi (an sulac ewinaaRmdegebian mas).

romelime jgufisadmi kuTvnileba aseve zegavlenas axdens TviT nafic msajulTa dinamikurobaze.. msajulebs, romlebic erTi jgufis wevrebi arian (magaliTad, erTi politikuri da socialuri organizaciis an eTnikuri da rasobrivi jgufis wevrebi), SeuZliaT zegavlena moaxdinon sxva msajulis pozici-aze. amasTanave, rac ufro relevanturia gansaxilvel saqmesTan jgufis wevroba, miT ufro didia am jgufis wevrebis gavlena _ rogorc msajulebze, ise mowmeebze. amasTan, isini SeiZleba ufro damajereblad msjelobdnen, vidre Cveulebrivi (arawevri) nafici msajulebi (zogjer am jgufis wevrebi gamodian, rogorc `eqspertebi~ nafici msajulebis TvalSi).

gamocdileba

nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros gamosakvlevi informaciis meore wyaro aris maTi warsuli gamocdileba. es gamocdileba SesaZloa moicavdes Semdeg faqtorebs: piradi travma, saxlTan

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da samsaxurTan dakavSirebuli gamocdileba, miyenebuli zianisa da diskriminaciis zemoqmedeba, samxedro samsaxuri, jandacvisa da samarTlebrivi sistemis zemoqmedeba. ojaxuri urTierTobebi da sxv.

umetes SemTxvevaSi msajulTa gamcdilebebs SedarebiT nakle-bi zegavlena aqvT maT cxovrebaze. Tumca, gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtoric, rom zogierTma gamocdilebam SesaZloa mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdinos maT rwmenasa da saqcielze. magaliTad, rode-sac piri iyo gaupatiurebis an sxva seqsualuri Seuracxyofis msxverpli, SesaZloa am faqtma nafic msajulebs Seacvlevinos warmodgena braldebulze, romelsac analogiuri braldeba aqvs wayenebuli. aseve, mZime ekonomikur pirobebSi aRzrdam SesaZloa gamoiwvios nafic msajulTa keTilganwyoba Raribi adamianis mimarT da sxv.

nafic msajulTa warsuli gamocdilebis Sefasebis dros kidev mravali faqtori unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli mxaris mier.

pirdapiri da arapirdapiri gamocdileba

potenciuri nafici msajulis pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri gamocdilebis codna, mniSvnelovania imis gagebaSi, Tu rogor Sexedaven msajulebi konkretul saqmes. pirdapiri gamocdileba exeba nafici msajulis piradi SemTxvevis gamomJRavnebas konkre-tul situaciasTan mimarTebSi. nafici msajulisaTvis, romelic iyo danaSaulis uSualo msxverpli da hqonda pirdapiri Sexeba danaSaulTan, gasagebia is mdgomareoba, romelSic msxverpli imy-ofeba. arapirdapiri gamocdileba ki gamomdinareobs ara piradad dakavSirebuli SemTxvevidan. magaliTad, nafici msajulebi Sesa-Zloa icnobdnen adamians, romelic msgavs situaciaSi yofila, an SesaZlebelia hqondeT mosmenili, nanaxi, wakiTxuli axali ambebis, internetis, mediis, Tu sxva wyaros meSveobiT analogiuri gare-moebebis Sesaxeb.

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Tu msajuls gaaCnia msgavs situaciaSi arsebobis uSualo gamocdileba, mniSvnelovania am faqtis gamomJRavneba. nafici msa-julebi, romlebsac gaaCniaT uSualo, pirdapiri gamocdileba, ufro met TanagrZnobas gamoxataven, vidre is nafici, msajulebi, romlebsac arapirdapir an saerTod ar gaaCniaT gansaxilvel saqmesTan msgavsi gamocdileba.

warsuli gamocdilebis zegavlenis Sefasebisas mxedvelo-baSi unda iqnes miRebuli mravali garemoeba. calkeul kiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxi dagexmarebaT imis gamovlenaSi, Tu ra zegavlena moaxdina ama Tu im garemoebam am konkretul msajulze. magali-Tad:

_ ra saxis gamocdileba iyo es? _ konkretulad ra moxda an ris Sesaxeb aris es gamoc-

dileba? _ Tu potenciuri nafici msajuli gaZarcves, rogor ganxor-

cielda Zarcva? potenciur nafic msajuls, romelsac fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayenes Zarcvis dros, eqneba gansxvavebuli gamoc-dileba im pirisagan, romelsac safule mopares ofisis magididan an ujridan. ramdenad Seesabameba msajulis gamocdileba konkre-tul saqmes?

rac ufro metia Sesabamisoba gansaxilvel saqmesa da msaju-lis gamocdilebas Soris, miT ufro did rols TamaSobs es faq-tori nafic msajulTa TaTbirisa da maT mier verdiqtis gamota-nis procesSi. saqmis ganxilvisas, nafici msajulebi eyrdnobian maT gamocdilebas da cdiloben sxva msajulebi daarwmunon maTi poziciis sisworeSi. gamocdilebaTa msgavseba gadamwyveti faq-toria maTi Sesabamisobis gansazRvrisas. rac ufro meti msgavsi gamocdileba aris saqmeSi faqtTan mimarTebiT, miT ufro didia varaudi imisa, rom nafici msajulebi gaiTvaliswineben mas.

rogor reagireben potenciuri nafici msajulebi gamocdile-baze? _ maTi reaqcia sxvadasxvagvaria.

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arsebobs SesaZlebloba imisa, rom gamocdilebam moaxdinos STabeWdileba erT nafic msajulze, xolo meoreze ara. rodesac SeekiTxebian binis gatexvis Taobaze, erTma msajulma SesaZloa upasuxos, rom moxda SemoWra, maSin rodesac sxva nafici msa-juli SesaZloa iyos optimisturad ganwyobili da ganacxados, rom `msgavsi faqtebi xdeba xolme~.

Seicvala Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajulis yofaqceva gamocdilebis Sedegad? am kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxi faseuli informaciaa.

rogor unda Sefasdes nafic msajulTa gamocdileba? ·

rogori iyo gamocdileba? ramdenad Seesabameba gamocdileba mocemul situacias? rogori iyo nafici msajulis reaqcia? Seicvala Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajulis yofaqceva

gamocdilebis Sedegad? ramdeni xani gavida mas Semdeg? rogor unda ixelmZRvanelos naficma msajulma gamocdile-

baze dayrdnobiT?

SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebiT gamowveuli efeqti

arapirdapiri gamocdilebis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli formaa e.w. SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebiT gamowveuli efeqti, ro-melic mediis CarTulobiT miiRweva. arsebobs mosazreba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos nafic msajulTa molodinze SemTxvevis adgilis Cvenebam.

SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebas gaaCnia ori mTavari po-tenciuri gavlena nafic msajulTa aRqmaze da maT mier verdiqtis gamotanaze.

uaxloes kvlevebSi, verdiqtis gamotanisas, SemTxvevis ad-gilis daTvalierebiT gamowveuli efeqtis gavlena nafic msa-

96

julebze ar iqna gamokvleuli. miuxedavad amisa, SesaZloa nafic msajulebze arsebuli zegavlenis Sesaxeb zogadi molodinis gansazRvra. magaliTad, zogierTi kvlevis Tanaxmad dadginda, rom, pirebma, romlebmac naxes SemTxvevis adgili, ukeT gaiges eqspertebis mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebi da ufro kriti-kulebi iyvnen sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebis Sefasebis dros, vi-dre is pirebi, romlebsac ar unaxavT SemTxvevis adgili.

miuxedavad imisa, aris Tu ara aRniSnuli efeqti mniSvnelovani, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis mxareebisTvis igi warmoadgens fa-seul Temas nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros. braldebis mxarem SesaZloa gamoiyenos es Tema nafic msajulTa iseTi interesebis gamosavlenad, rogoricaa, maTi moTxovna eqspertizis Catarebis Sedegad mopovebul mtkicebulebebze (magaliTad, dnm-is analizi), raTa damnaSaved cnon pirovneba. dacvis mxaremac SesaZloa gamoi-yenos igive Tema, raTa gaigos, aniWeben Tu ara nafici msajulebi did mniSvnelobas calkeuli saxis mtkicebulebebs.

zogadi mosazrebebi da piradi Tvisebebi

nafic msajulTa Sexedulebebis gansazRvrisaTvis gamosakv-levi informaciis mesame wyaros warmoadgns nafici msajulebis zogadi mosazrebebi da maTi piradi Tvisebebi. mniSvnelovania potenciuri msajulebis ramdenime zogadi mosazrebisa da pi-radi Tvisebebis gaTvaliswineba. Cven ganvixilavT or maTgans _ avtoritarizmsa da miukerZoeblobas. Tumca, mniSvnelovania gaacnobieroT, rom nafic msajulTa zogadi mosazrebebi da pi-radi Tvisebebi ar winaswarmetyveleben maT moqmedebebs didi sizustiT. msajulebis zogadi mosazrebebi da Tvisebebi mxolod qcevis zogad wesebs prognozireben, magram SesaZloa konkretuli verdiqtis prognozireba ver moaxdinon. am xarvezis miuxedavad, nafici msajulebis zogadi mosazrebebis da piradi Tvisebebis codna mniSvnelovnad exmareba mxareebs msajulTa SerCevis dros sasurveli kandidatis gamovlenaSi.

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avtoritarizmi

avtoritarizmi aris piradi damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba, ro-melic gamoxatavs individTa antidemokratiul an totalita-rul tendencias. es damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba xSirad aris gaT-valiswinebuli nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros, gansakuTrebiT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze. arsebobs cxra komponentisagan Semdgari modeli, romelic damaxasiaTebelia avtoritaruli pirovnebisaTvis da romelic gviqmnis zogad STabeWdilebas am pirovnebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli komponentebia:

1. konvencionalizmi _ saSualo klasebisaTvis normebis miReba da maTi Rirebulebebis ganmtkiceba;

2. avtoritaruli daqvemdebareba _ morCileba an daqvem-debareba Zalauflebis mqone adamianebis brZanebebisa da survilebisadmi;

3. avtoritaruli agresia _ socialuri Rirebulebebis an normis damrRvevaTa dasjis survili;

4. xelis SeSla _ warmosaxviTi da kreatiuli ideebis an qcevis oponireba;

5. crurwmena da stereotipi _ stereotipebisa da cru Sexedulebisadmi erTguleba, magaliTad, qsenofobia da ra-sizmi;

6. Zalaufleba da simkacre _ Zalauflebisa da simkacri-sadmi midrekileba;

7. gamanadgurebloba da cinizmi _ erTmaneTis mimarT mtru-lad ganwoba;

8. prognozireba _ Sexeduleba, rom sxvebsac igive grZnobebi, Sexedulebebi da perspeqtivebi gaaCniaT;

9. seqsualuroba _ gadaWarbebuli seqsualuri Relva.

avtoritaruli pirovnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mocemuli komponentebi gvixatavs sasargeblo suraTs, Tu rogorebi arian amgvari adamianebi. avtoritaruli pirovnebebi, xSir SemTxveva-Si, arian politikuri TvalsazrisiT konservatorebi, rasistebi, mkacrebi da Zalauflebis moyvaruli. sasamarTloSi saqmis ganx-

98

ilvisas avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi xSirad damnaSaved cnoben braldebuls, ufro metad arian eqsperti mowmis Cvenebisa da nivTieri mtkicebulebebis gavlenis qveS. amavdroulad, amgvari msajulebi ufro Semwynareblebi arian im braldebulis mimarT, romelTanac isini msgavsebas xedaven.

mniSvnelovani daskvna, rac SeiZleba gakeTdes, aris is, rom avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi umetesad braldebis mxarisT-vis arian xelsayrelebi. isini warmoadgenen braldebis mxaris `xerxemals~. amgvari msajulebi iTaviseben im faqts, rom proku-rorebi warmoadgenen saxelmwifosa da xalxis legitimur Za-lauflebas _ dasajos kanonis damrRvevi pirebi. adamianebi, rom-lebic asocirdebian braldebis mxaresTan, arian policiisa da samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebi. is faqti, rom maT samsaxurebriv movaleobas warmoadgens kanonis aRsruleba da sazogadoebis dacva, amaRlebs braldebis mxaris pozicias avto-ritaruli adamianebis TvalSi. amasTan, avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi negatiurad aRiqvamen braldebuls, radgan mas brali aqvs wayenebuli kanonis darRvevisaTvis da xSir SemTxvevaSi, warmoadgens dabal socialur-ekonomikur fenas da Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulia nafic msajulTa umetesobisagan. umetes SemTx-vevaSi braldebulebi arian garkveuli seqtis an umciresobis warmomadgenlebi da es maxasiaTebeli avtoritarebSi iwvevs wi-naswar uaryofiT ganwyobas amgvari pirebis mimarT.

Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi avtoritaru-li nafici msajulebi braldebis mxaris mimarT arian keTilgan-wyobilebi, es ar niSnavs imas, rom amgvari msajulebi yovelTvis braldebis sasargeblod iReben gadawyvetilebas. advokatebma br-mad ar unda gaiziaron is stereotipi, rom avtoritarizmi nafic msajulebs maTTvis arasasurvels xdis. rogorc cxrakomponen-tiani modeli cxadyofs, misi Semadgenloba rTulia. aucilebe-lia gaTvaliswinebul iqnes es kompleqsuroba, raTa ganisazRvros ramdenad sasurveli an arasasurvelia avtoritaruli nafic msa-julTa kandidatebi Tqveni poziciisaTvis.

99

arsebobs garkveuli gamonaklisebi braldebis mxaris mimarT keTilganwyobil avtoritarul nafic msajulebs Soris. magali-Tad, iranSi, oliver norfis saqmeze (`crimes of obedience~ _ `ukanono an moralurad gaumarTlebeli qmedeba Cadenili ufle-bamosili pirebisadmi daumorCileblobis sapasuxod~), bralde-bulma moipova simpaTia avtoritarul nafic msajulTa Soris. norfis moTxovnis Tanaxmad, igi asrulebda prezidentis dava-lebas, raTa miewodebinda daxmreba nikaraguas mowinaaRmdegee-bisaTvis, rasac mohyva sapasuxo akordi avtoritaruli nafic msajulebis mxridan. amasTan, is faqti, rom igi asrulebda misi uSualo zedamxedvelis miTiTebebsa da brZanebebs iranisaTvis iaraRis miyidvis gasaidumloebis Sesaxeb, warmoSva ufro meti simpaTia leitenant qolonel norfis mimarT prokurorebTan SedarebiT.

iseTi saqmeebi, romlebic Seexeba samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenelTa mxridan usamarTlo qcevas (magaliTad, gadaWar-bebuli Zalis gamoyenebas an policiis mxridan uxeSobas), xSir SemTxvevaSi, iwveven avtoritaruli nafici msajulebis simpaTias braldebulis mimarT. avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi gul-dasmiT iziareben samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenelTa gancxadebebs, rom maTi moqmedeba iyo ubralod pasuxi im zomis odenobiT, rac aucilebeli iyo konkretul situaciaSi. is faqti, rom braldebulebi arian policiis warmomadgenlebi da poli-ciis sxva TanamSromlebs SeuZliaT Cvenebis micema braldebulis sasargeblod, zrdis nafic msajulTa simpaTiebs. avtoritarul nafic msajulebs da samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgen-lebs, xSir SemTxvevaSi, gaaCniaT msgavsi Sexedulebebi kanonis AaRsrulebasTan dakavSirebiT. es msgavseba zrdis samarTaldam-cavi organoebis warmomadgenlebis Cvenebebs avtoritaruli na-fici msajulebis TvalSi.

avtoritaruli nafici msajulebi aseve iWeren braldebulis sasargeblo pozicias rasistuli motiviT Cadenil danaSaulebSi (umciresobebis mimarT) da zogierT seqsualuri xasiaTis dana-

100

SaulSi. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi avtoritaruli msajulebi ar uTanagrZnoben danaSulis msxverpls. gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca arsebobs msxverplis Tanxmoba an TviTon msxverpli iyenebs sa-kuTar Tavs sarisko situaciaSi, avtoritaruli nafici msajule-bi dacvis mxaris sasargeblo pozicias iziareben. zemoaRniSnul magaliTebSi prokurorebs, romlebic eyrdnobian maTTvis sasarge-blo da misaReb avtoritarul stereotipebs, SeuZliaT gamoiy-enon TavianTi dausabuTebeli acilebis ufleba.

potenciuri nafici msajulis avtoritarulobis xarisx-is gamosavlenad, aucilebelia iseTi kiTxvebis dasma, romlebic miesadageba avtoritarul pirovnebas. iseT SekiTxvebze dadeb-iTi pasuxebi, rogoricaa _ `migaCniaT Tu ara, rom morCileba da pativiscema Zalauflebis mqone adamianebis mimarT mTavari Rirsebebia, rac bavSvebma unda iswavlon?~ da `migaCniaT Tu ara, rom umjobesia policias mieces ganusazRvreli Zalaufleba da uflebamosileba wesrigis SenarCunebis mizniT?~ _ aris avto-ritarizmis maCvenebeli. AamerikaSi, zogierTi Statis iurisdiq-ciaSi sasamarTlo ar aZlevs mxareebs uflebas, dasvan msgavsi zogadi xasiaTis kiTxvebi. aseT SemTxvevaSi umjobesia daisvas iseTi saxis kiTxvebi, rogoric aris, magaliTad:

`policielis Cveneba ufro sarwmuno iqneba TqvenTvis sxva mowmeebis CvenebebTan SedarebiT?~

`migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Tu braldebis mxares eqmneba proble-mebi sasamarTlo procesze mowmis mosayvanad, es imis maniSnebelia, rom braldebuli, savaraudod, damnaSavea?~

`migaCniaT Tu ara, rom braldebulma unda misces Cveneba sa-kuTari Tavis dasacavad?~

dabolos, iuristebma, nafic msajulTa avtoritarizmis gamov-lenisaTvis unda Seadginon yoveli konkretuli saqmis gare-moebidan gamomdinare sxva kiTxvebic, romelic miesadageba maT Teorias.

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samarTlianoba

meore mniSvnelovani sakiTxi gaxlavT adamianTa zogadi

Sexedulebebi samarTlebriv urTierTobebze. samarTlianobis

Teoria gaxlavT urTierTobebSi samarTlianobis sakiTxis erT-

erTi damaregulirebeli faqtori. is exeba adamianebis samar-

Tlian urTierTobebTan dakavSirebul mosazrebebs, kerZod, ras

unda gascemdnen da ras unda iRebdnen mxareebi urTierTobebidan.

samarTlianobis Teoriis formulirebiT saerTo maxasiaTebelia

is faqti, rom adamianebs ar uyvarT usamarTloba da Tuki mi-

iCneven, rom urTierToba usamarTloa, samarTlianobis aRdgenis

survili uCndebaT.

nafic msajulTa SerCevisas, mniSvnelovania vaRiaroT, Tu

ra amocanis gadaWra uxdebaT nafic msajulebs da rogoria maTi

damokidebuleba samarTlian urTierTobebTan, an samarTliano-

basTan mimarTebaSi. mxareebs Soris samarTlian urTierTobebTan

dakavSirebuli SfoTva aqtualuria rogorc sisxlis samarT-

lis, aseve samoqalaqo saqmeebis konteqstSi, Tumca samoqalaqo

sferoSi kidev ufro TvalSisacemia.

sisxlis samarTalSi nafici msajulebi afaseben namdvilad

Caidina Tu ara braldebulma danaSauli, romelic bralad wauy-

enes. Sesabamisad, naficma msajulebma unda Seamowmon urTierTo-

bebi braldebulsa da dazaralebuls Soris. nafici msajulebi

xSirad SeSfoTebuli arian samarTlianobis sakiTxis gamo, ma-

gram mniSvnelovania vaRiaroT kanonis mier dawesebuli SezRud-

vebis zegavlena. Cveulebriv nafic msajulebs ar eubnebian, rom

isini moqmedeben sazogadoebis saxeliT da Sesabamisad, SeuZlian

samarTlianobis saWiroebebidan gamomdinare gaamarTlon damna-

Save braldebuli, rasac nafic msajulTa uunarobas uwodeben.

zogadad, nafici msajulebi Zlieri zewolis qveS arian, im Sem-

TxvevaSi, Tu maTi mosazreba samarTlianobasTan dakavSirebiT da

kanonis moTxovna urTierTwinaaRmdegobrivia, cxadia, Tuki samar-

Tlianobis sakiTxebi ukiduresobamde ar midis. dgeba dilema:

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nafici msajuli unda daemorCilos kanons Tu gadawyvetileba

miiRos sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr.

nafici msajulebis SerCevisas samarTlianobis principis dacvis SemTxvevaSi ori sakiTxi wamoiwevs win:

pirvel rigSi, mniSvnelovania gavarkvioT, Tu rogoria na-fici msajulebis ganwyoba mocemuli mdgomareobisadmi. magali-Tad, miaCniaT Tu ara nafic msajulebs, rom gaupatiurebis msx-verplTa zogierTi qmedeba _ magaliTad, braldebulis saxlSi gayola _ niSnavs, rom is Tavad daTanxmda, an garkveulwilad man Tavad Seuwyo xeli, an winaswar gansazRvra riski imisa, rac moxda? nafic msajulebs miaCniaT, Tu ara is faqti, rom qali Tavad gahyva braldebuls saxlSi, ar aris mis mier Se-tanili `wvlili~ da ar niSnavda braldebulTan seqsualuri urTiierTobis damyarebaze Tanxmobas? mxareTa `wvlilisa~ da mxareTaTvis ̀ Sedegebis~ Sefaseba potenciuri nafici msajulebis mxridan, gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu ras miiCneven samarTlian, an Tanaswor urTierTobebad. gaupatiurebis saqmis magaliTSi, po-tenciuri nafici msajuli, romelic miiCnevs, rom braldebulis binaSi qalis yofna misi mxridan Tanxmobas, anda riskis Sefase-baze miuTiTebs, sasargeblo iqneba dacvis mxarisaTvis.

nafic msajulTa SerCevasTan dakavSirebuli meore sakiTxi ukavSirdeba Tavad potenciuri nafici msajulebis mier samar-Tliani urTierTobebis Sefasebas. rodesac win aris wamoweuli Tanasworobis an samarTlianobis sakiTxebi, potenciurma nafic-ma msajulebma, romelTaTvisac prioritetulia samarTlianoba, SeiZleba gansxvavebuli pasuxebi gascen maTTan SedarebiT, visT-visac samarTlianoba naklebad mniSvnelovania. qvemoT CamoTv-lili kiTxvebis dasma SesaZloa dagexmaroT imis garkvevaSi, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania samarTlianoba potenciuri nafici msajulebisaTvis.

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ra unda gaviTvaliswinoT msajulTa zogadi SexedulebebisgansazRvrisas nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros: ·

rogoria nafic msajulTa Sexeduleba samarTlianobisa da avtoritarizmis Sesaxeb?

rogori iqneba nafic msajulTa reqacia mocemuli saqmis garemoebebze?

ra kiTxvebiT SeiZleba nafic msajulTa amocoba? ra kiTxvebis dasma iqneba dasaSvebi sasamarTlos mier?

konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebuli Sexedulebebi

informaciis saboloo wyaro exeba konkretul saqmesTan da-

kavSirebul Sexedulebebs. konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebuli

Sexedulebebi gansxvavdeba zogadi mosazrebebisagan da es mosaz-

rebebi pirdapir ukavSirdeba saqmis konkretul maxasiaTeblebs.

magaliTad, sakiTxebsa da Temebs, mxareebs (prokurors/ advo-

kats), potenciur moweebs, mtkicebulebebs, argumentebsa da mx-

areTa qcevis standartebs. konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebuli

kiTxvebis Rirebuleba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom maTi meSveobiT

ukeTesad SeiZleba nafic msajulTa qmedebebis winaswarmetyvele-

ba, vidre zogad mosazrebebze dayrdnobiT, vinaidan isini ufro

pirdapir ukavSirdebian im gadawyvetilebebs, romlebsac nafici

msajulebi miiReben.

konkretul saqmesTan dakavSirebuli potenciurad gamosadegi mo-sazrebebis gansazRvra saqmis detaluri analizis Sedegadaa SesaZle-beli. analizi saSualebas iZleva miviRoT pasuxebi Semdeg kiTxvebze: ·

ra aris saqmis Tema? ra ZiriTad samarTlebriv Tu emociur problemebTan aso-

cirdeba saqme? saqmesTan dakavSirebiT winasasamarTlo etapze gakeTe-

buli publikacia (Tu iyo aseTi), misi Sinaarsi da Tval-Taxedva?

ra aris saqmis Zlieri da susti mxareebi?

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vin arian mowmeebi, romlebic sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi mi-iReben monawileobas?

ra aris saqmis monawile orive mxaris ZiriTadi argu-mentebi?

saWiroa Tu ara, rom SerCevis sxdomis dros dasmuli SekiTxvebi gamoricxavdes garkveuli faqtebis potencir uaryofiT zegavlenas?

saqmis garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT xom ar arsebobs raime uCveulo, rac saWiroebs nafic msajulebTan erTad am sakiTxis ganxilvas. magaliTad rodesac didi fizikuri aRnagobis, SeiaraRebuli mamakaci irwmuneba, rom Sedar-ebiT patara aRnagobis, SeuiaraRebeli mamakaci Tavdacvis mizniT mokla?

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi nafici msajulobis kandidat-Ta konkretuli Sexedulebebi SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes wina-sasamarTlo sajaroobis zegavlenidan. aseve es Sexedulebebli SeiZleba efuZnebodes TviTmxilveli mowmis Cvenebis sandoobas, saxelmwifos mier operaciis Sesasruleblad `agentis~ gamoyene-bas, an da im mowmeebis sandoobas, romlebmac aRiares imave saqmeSi monawileoba. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime sademonstracio kiTxva:

`raime informacia xom ar migiRiaT saqmesTan dakavSire-biT radios, televiziis, gazeTis an internetis saSuale-biT.~

`mokled gviambeT am informaciis Sesaxeb.~ `xom ar SegeqmnaT garkveuli wormodgena saqmis Sesaxeb

Tqvens megobrebsa da TanamSromlebTan saubris Sedegad? da ra warmodgena SegeqmnaT?~

dacvis mxare: migaCniaT Tu ara, rom TviTmxilvels SesaZloa zustad ar axsovdes Tu ra moxda konkretul garemoebebSi? SegiZliaT miTxraT, ra garemoebebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios TviTmx-ilvelis mier gulwrfeli Secdomis daSveba ambis gaxsenebasTan dakavSirebiT?

braldebis mxare: rogori damokidebuleba gaqvT danaSaulis monawile piris dasakaveblad `agentebis~ gamoyenebis mimarT?

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braldebis mxare: sarwmuno iqneba Tu ara TqvenTvis im mowmis Cveneba, romelmac aRiarebiTi Cveneba gaakeTa da daTanxmda Cveneba mieca imave saqmeSi monawile sxva brldebulebis winaaRmdeg?

samarTlebrivi mosazrebebi

mosaxleobis did umciresobas gaaCnia mosazrebebi, romle-bic ewinaaRmdegeba marTlmsajulebis sistemis sxvadasxva samar-Tlebriv da iuridiul princips. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania, rom gaigoT potenciuri nafici msajulebis codna da mosazre-bebi ZiriTadi samarTlebrivi principebisa da kanonebis Sesaxeb. potenciuri msajulebis samarTlebrivi mosazrebebis gacnobi-sas, saWiroa daadginoT nebismieri araswori mosazreba ubralod araswori gagebis Sedegia, Tu ufro Rrma rwmenas efuZneba. es ukanaskneli SesaZloa potenciuri msajulis mier sasamarTlo miTiTebebis gauTvaliswineblobis mizezi gaxdes da Sesabamisad, pirovnebam msjeloba imis mixedviT gaagrZelos, Tu, misi az-riT, rogori unda iyos kanoni. potenciuri msajulebis samarT-lebrivi mosazrebebis/Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba SesarCevi sxdomis dros sistemuri midgomis saSualebiTaa Ses-aZlebeli. nafic msajulTa swavleba, imisaTvis, raTa uzrun-velvyoT maT mier samarTlebrivi standartebis gaTvaliswineba, unda ganxorcieldes mxolod mas Semdeg, rac isini gamoavlenen sakuTar samarTlebriv damokidebulebebs. Tuki ver moaxerxebT nafic msajulTa namdvili mosazrebebis garkvevas mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi sakiTxebebisa da cnebebis Sesaxeb, es SeiZleba gaxdes nafici msajulis mier aragulwrfeli an politikurad koreqtuli pasuxis gacemis safuZveli da realurad ar gamoaaS-karaos maTi sapirispiro mosazrebebi.

Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi principebisa da kanonebis Sesaxeb nafici msajulebis Sexedulebebis codnas gadamwyveti mniSvn-eloba aqvs. sisxlis samarTlis sferoSi mniSvnelovania icodeT potenciuri msajulebis damokidebuleba braldebis mtkicebis tvirTis, mtkicebis xarisxis an standartis Sesaxeb, aseve udana-

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Saulobis prezumfciisa da braldebulis ZiriTadi uflebebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, dacvis mxaris poziciidan braldebulis CvenebasTan dakavSirebuli damokidebulebebis garkvevis mizniT dasmuli SekiTxvebi SesaZloa aseTi Sinaarsis iyos:

`migaCniaT Tu ara, rom danaSaulSi braldebul pirs unda hqondes survili gagiziaroT misi pozicia, Tu ra moxda?

`rogori damokidebuleba geqnebaT braldebulis mimarT, romelmac sasamarTloze dumilis uflebis gamoyenebis gadawyvetileba miiRo? aseT SemTxvevaSi, xom ar CaTvliT, rom braldebuli raRacas malavs?~

gaiTvaliswineT, rom zemoT moyvanili kiTxvebi ar gamoxat-avs dacvis pozicias, rom braldebulma ar unda misces Cveneba, aramed isini mimarTulia imisken, rom gairkves potenciuri na-fici msajulebis reaqcia braldebulis mimarT, romelic sarge-blobs dumilis uflebiT.

braldebis mxares SesaZloa ainteresebdes ras miiCneven na-fici msajulebi marTebulad da ramdenad faseulia maTTvis iribi mtkicebuleba.

magaliTad, `raime problema xom ar gaqvT imasTan dakavSire-biT, rom braldebuli mxolod iribi mtkicebulebebis safuZ-velze gansajoT?~

rogor gavarkvioT (gamovavlinoT) nafici msajulebis Sexedulebebi samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi:

gamoavlineT Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi Sexedulebebi. nu etyviT nafic msajulebs, romelia marTebuli samarT-

lebrivi mosazreba, anda pozicia. saSualeba mieciT nafic msajulebs aRweron sakuTari

poziciebi da masTan dakavSirebuli warmodgenebi. potenciuri nafici msajulebis Sesaxeb xSirad misi araver-

baluri komunikaciis SeswavliT ufro met informacias miiRebT, vidre Tavad kiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxebidan.

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nafic msajulTa araverbaluri komunikaciisSeswavla

miznebi

nafici msajulebis mier sakuTari mosazrebebisa da midrekilebebis gamovlenis Seswavla araverbaluri qce-vis safuZvelze.

komunikaciis normaluri formebisagan gadaxvevebis mniS-vnelobis gaazreba.

nafici msajulebis SesarCevad araverbaluri komunika-ciis xerxebis gamoyenebis strategiebis SemuSaveba.

potenciuri nafici msajulebis Sexedulebebisa da midrekile-bebis Sesafaseblad, mniSvnelovania vicodeT raze migvaniSnebs na-fici msajuli garda im pasuxebisa, romelsac SerCevis sxdomis dros vismenT. rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, Cveulebriv, SerCevis sx-domis warmarTvis forma nafici msajulebis gulwrfelobasa da gulaxdilobas aferxebs. amasTan, damtkicebulia, rom potenciur-ma naficma msajulebma SeiZleba scadon moatyuon mxareebi kiTx-vebze gacemuli pasuxebis meSveobiT. Sesabamisad, miuxedavad imisa, rom SerCevis procesi umeteswilad Tavad nafici msajulebis mier mowodebul informacias emyareba, mxolod potenciuri msa-julebis mier gacemulma pasuxebma maTi WeSmariti grZnobebi da Sexedulebebi SeiZleba ar gamoavlinos.

araverbaluri komunikaciis tipebi

adamianebs Soris komunikaciis erT-erTi yvelaze mniS-vnelovani xerxi ar ukavSirdeba maTi naTqvamis Sinaarss, gansa-kuTrebiT, rodesac saubaria maT Sexedulebebsa da emociebze. kv-levebis Tanaxmad, adamianTa mTliani komunikaciis 60-65% egreT wodebuli araverbaluri komunikaciis meSveobiT myardeba. am tipis komunikacia moicavs JestebiT, mimikebiT gamoxatul qcev-

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ebs (aralingvisturi sxeulis moZraobebi) da paralingvistur qcevebsa (saubris arakonteqstualuri aspeqtebi). araverbalur komunikaciaSi aseve mniSvnelovani yuradReba eTmoba adamianis mRelvarebas, gansakuTrebiT imis dasadgenad, tyuils ambobs Tu ara igi. rodesac adamianebi Relaven sakiTxis delikaturobis gamo, zogadad nerviuloben, anda cdiloben moityuon, am dros isini sxvadasxva tipis Jestebis, mimikebisa da paralingvisturi qcevis an mRelvarebis sxva saxiT amJRavneben Tavs.

nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCevis procesSi advokatebs/prokurorebs SeuZliaT potenciuri msajulebis Sexedulebebi, grZnobebi da midrekilebebi araverbalur komunikaciaSi nagu-lisxmevi informaciis meSveobiT amoicnon. arsebobs ori tipis araverbaluri indikatori, romlebic nafic msajulTa grZnobebze, anda maT mier simarTlis Tqmis Tavis aridebaze miuTiTebs: vi-zualuri niSnebi (rasac vxedavT) da smeniTi signalebi (rac gvesmis). vizualuri da smeniTi niSnebisa da signalebis Seswav-lisas ramdenime sakiTxi unda gaviTvaliswinoT. pirvel rigSi, ar arsebobs e.w. `pinoqios efeqti~ (zRaprul gmir pinoqios tyuilis Tqmisas cxviri ezrdeba), erTi sayovelTaod cnobili qceva, romelic asocirdeba mRelvarebasTan an tyuilis Tqmas-Tan. meore, marTalia, ganmartebisaTvis am niSnebsa da signalebs viTvaliswinebT, magram realurad msajulTa qceva ase martivad gasagebi ara ris. araverbaluri niSnebi Cveulebriv sxvadasxva niSnis kombinaciisa da erTobliobis formiT miuTiTebs moce-muli qcevis mniSvnelobaze. Sesabamisad, mniSvnelovania, rom arc erT etapze potenciuri msajulis araverbaluri komunikaciis interpretacia mxolod erTi martivi niSnis/qcevis safuZvelze ar ganvaxorcieloT.

mesame _ naficma msajulebma individualuri qcevebi, anda qcevaTa erToblioba sxvadasxva mizezis gamo SeiZleba gamoav-linon. magaliTad, potenciuri nafici msajulis mier xelebis gulmkerdis aresTan gadajvaredineba SeiZleba mosmenilisadmi mis arakeTilganwyobas gamoxatavdes, anda ubralod imas, rom

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kondencioneris gamo Sescivda. potenciuri nafici msajulis nam-dvili grZnobebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani informaciis misaRebad saWiroa yuradRebiT daakvirdeT mTlian process.

meoTxe _ rodesac vsaubrobT imaze, Tu ra unda movZebnoT nafici msajulis araverbalur komunikaciaSi, saWiroa yvelaferi Tavidan daviwyoT, rac imas niSnavs, rom unda gaviTvaliswinoT potenciuri nafici msajulisaTvis Cveulebriv damaxasiaTebeli araverbaluri qceva. rogor iqcevian nafici msajulebi Tavad SerCevis sxdomis dros? uSaualod sxdomis dawyebisas maT qcev-aze dakvirveba erTgvar saxelmZRvanelo principad, anda aTvlis wertilad SeiZleba gamoiyenoT da moaxdinoT maT momdevno qcev-ebTan Sedareba. icvleba Tu ara nafic msajulTa qceva imis mixed-viT, Tu rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi SerCevis sxdomis dros (ra kiTxvebs usvaven, anda ra sakiTxis ganxilva mimdinareobs sx-domaze)? magaliTad, xom ar avlens msajuli nerviulobis niSnebs, anda kiTxvebis dasmis dros xom ar aris aJitirebuli, anda xom ar Relavs mxolod maSin, rodesac saubroben rasobriv urTier-Tobebze, anda garkveul reformaze? xom ar aris nafici msajuli romelime mxaresTan ufro komunikabeluri, vidre sxvebTan?

dabolos, mniSvnelovania gaviTvaliswinoT, rom mRelvareba da ganzrax motyueba SeiZleba erT adamianSi sxvadasxvagvar reaqciebs iwvevdes. nafici msajulebis kandidatebi SeiZleba mRelvarebis niSnebs (mag., Tvalis daxamxamebis gaxSireba, an Tva-lis kontaqtis ar damyareba) mgrZnobiare sakiTxebTan mimarTe-baSi avlendnen, magram, rodesac saqme exeba konkretulad Sec-domaSi Semyvan an mcdar mosazrebebs, SesaZloa ufro metad Seecadon sakuTari araverbaluri komunikaciis kontrolirebas (mag., warmatebiT SeinarCunon Tvalis kontaqti). es ukanaskneli SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes nafic msajulTa stereotipebs mo-tyuebis warmatebuli xerxebis Sesaxeb, radgan, magaliTad, Tva-lis kontaqtis dakargva tyuilis TqmasTan asocirdeba. nafic msajulTa pasuxebis amocnobis saidumlo imaSi mdgomareobs, rom ganasxvaoT maTi qcevis gadaxvevebi tipuri qcevidan. swored tipuri qcevidan gansxvavebuli qceva, anda qcevaTa erToblioba

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exmareba prokurorebs/ advokatebs imis garkvevaSi, ramdenad em-Txveva nafici msajulis naTqvami da misi mosazrebebi erTmaneTs.

vizualuri niSnebi: ras vxedavT

niSnebis pirveli kategoria Sedgeba imisagan, rasac potenci-uri nafici msajulebis qcevaSi vxedavaT. magaliTad, maTi moZ-raoba, poza da saxis gamometyveleba. mniSvnelovania 8 tipis niSani: ·

sxeulis moZraoba; · sxeulis poza; sxeulis orientacia; uneblie niSnebi; mxrebis aCeCva; Tvalis kontaqti; · saxis gamometyveleba; Tundac umniSvnelo mimika;

sxeulis moZraoba

zogadad, rac ufro Relavs potenciuri nafici msajuli, miT ufro met moZraobas akeTebs. es moZraobebi SesaZloa mTeli sxeulis (mag., sxeulis pozis Secvla) moZraobas, anda mxolod zogierTi nawilis moZraobas gulisxmobdes (mag., wriali anda TiTebis tkacuni). gauCerebeli moZraoba, romelic sxeulis mTe-li masis gadaadgilebas moicavs (`cqmutva~ an ̀ krunCxva~), mRel-varebis, an nerviulobis gamomxatvelia da erTgvari tradiciuli reaqciaa `cxel skamze~ jdomisa.

nervuli energiis an mRelvarebis gafantvas emsaxureba ufro susti, SeumCneveli moZraobebi _ xelebis erTdroulad xaxuni da sresa, anda TiTebis gamudmebiT skamis saxelurze, wignze, gaze-Tze, an sxva saganze kakuni. TiTebis tkacuni da kakuni SesaZloa amavdroulad mouTmenlobasac gamoxatavdes. sxeulis amgvari

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moZraobebi xSirad tyuilis Tqmis indikatoria da prokuroris/advokatis mier dasmuli SekiTxvebisadmi aradadebiT damokide-bulebaze miuTiTebs. xelsaxocis, gulsakidis, samajuris, saaTis anda beWdis wvalebasac analogiuri axsna aqvs, Tumca mRelva-rebis SedarebiT mcire miniSnebaa.

mRelvarebis sxva niSnebia e. w. `adaptaciuri~ moZraobebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, Tavis moqeqva, Tmis moqaCva an daxveva, an ubralod saxeze xeliT Sexeba. xeliT Tmis varcxna SesaZloa aseve mRelvarebis gamomxatveli iyos. aRelvebuli nafici msa-julobis kandidatebi xSirad erTi xeliT ukan ivarcxnian Tmas, anda swrafi moZraobiT gaiqneven Tavs Tmis gasworebis mizniT. mRelvarebis niadagze xeliT davarcxnis msgavsi moZraobebis ga-keTebisas potenciurma naficma msajulebma SesaZloa aseve dai-wyon tansacmlis `wvaleba~, tansacmlidan nacveTis mocileba an ubralod Seisworon tansacmeli (kaba, qurTuki, perangi an halstuxi).

magram zemoT xsenebuli yvela moZraoba aucileblad mRel-varebis maniSnebeli ar aris. magaliTad, Tavis moqeqva SesaZloa aseve gaurkvevlobas, yoymansac niSnavdes, gansakuTrebiT, Tuki am dros Tavi erT mxareze aqvs adamians gadaxrili. xelebis moWera Tu mRelvarebas gamoxatavs, xelisgulebis erTmane-Tze win da ukan xaxuni SesaZloa Tavdajerebulobis, anda raRac sasurvelis molodinis gamomxatveli iyos. xelisgulebis SeerTeba imgvarad, rom TiTebi cisken iyos mimarTuli, mianiSnebs sakuTar poziciaSi, an/da naTqvamSi dajerebulobaze. amasTan, eqspresiuli Jestebi an `ilustraciuri~ moZraobebi, romlebic saubrisas iqna gamoy-enebuli, zogadad procesSi meti CarTulobis, anda moxerxebu-lad grZnobis gamomxatvelia. es niSnebi Tu qcevebi potenciuri nafici msajulebis aRelvebul reaqciebSi ar unda SegveSalos.

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sxeulis poza

es niSani informaciis or wyaros aerTianebs _ sxeulis simtkicesa da Jestebs. zogadad, rac ufro mtkice sxeulis pozicia aqvs potenciur msajuls, miT ufro metad Relavs is. simtkicis niSnebi moicavs gamarTul, gaSeSebul pozasa da daZ-abul kunTebs. xelisa da TiTebis kunTebis daZabvis Sedegad, SeiZleba TiTebi gaTeTrebulad gamoiyurebodes, rodesac aRelve-buli piri xels skamis saxelurebs hkidebs, anda xelebs gadaa-jvaredinebs da muxlebze daidebs. mRelvarebis SedarebiT mcire niSnebs warmoadgens sxeulis mcire kunTebis jgufis daZabva, gansakuTrebiT saxis areSi.8

simtkice aseve TvalSisacemia, rodesac SerCevis sxdomisas kiTxvebis dasmis dros Tavisa da sxeulis Cveulebrivi moZrao-bebis Sesruleba ar xdeba. umoZraoba aseve SeiZleba gamoixate-bodes xelebis, fexebis gadajvaredinebiT. Tumca mniSvnelovania, rom zemoT xsenebuli niSnebi potenciuri nafici msajulis ara-verbaluri komunikaciis sxva Tvisebebis WrilSi ganvixiloT. magaliTad, gadajvaredinebuli xelebi da Tavdajerebuli Rimili moxerxebulobis, simSvidis, anda Tanxmobis maniSnebelia. gadajva-redinebuli fexebi da erTi fexis mciredi moZraoba mouTmenlo-bas, anda mobezrebas gamoxatavs. xelebis jibeebSi Cawyoba, gansa-kuTrebiT muStebiani xelis, mRelvarebisa da zogjer damaluli mtrobis amsaxvelia.

sxvadasxva Jestis meSveobiT SesaZloa aseve miviRoT infor-macia potenciuri nafici msajulebis grZnobebis Sesaxeb. TiTebis

8 es mosazrebebi ara marto nafic msajulebze, aramed sxva pirebzec moqmedebs. magaliTad, aviRoT samedicino gaufrTxileblobis motiviT, saavad-myofos winaaRmdeg warmoebuli saqmis ganxilva. daikiTxa saavadmyofos adminis-tratori, romelmac saavadmyofos sandoobis da miyenebuli zianis moculobis Sesaxeb kiTxvebze mcire,magram informaciuli araverbaluri pasuxebi gasca. misi pasuxebi pirdapir mosarCelis sawinaaRmdego ar iyo, magram pasuxismge-blobisa da miyenebuli zianis sakiTxebis xsenebisTanave is ybis kunTebs Zabavda, xolo, rodesac kiTxvebi naklebad mgrZnobiare sakiTxebse xeboda, maSin ybis ZarRvebs moadunebda xolme.

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pirze Sexeba imis mauwyebelia, rom nafici msajuli Tavis nam-dvil grZnobebs malavs, anda survili ar aqvs, rom gamoavlinos. pirze mTliani xelis mifareba niSnavs, rom msajuli naTqvamSi darwmunebili ar aris, anda naTqvamis gamo uxerxulad grZnobs Tavs. nafici msajulebi, romlebic Tavs iqeqaven, SesaZloa das-muli kiTxvis Sefasebas cdiloben, anda eWvi eparebaT gakeTebul gancxadebaSi (tuCebis daWimva kidev ufro gaZlierebuli reaq-ciaa). yelze gaxsnili mtevnis mideba gviCvenebs, rom msajuli amaRelvebeli situaciidan, sakiTxisagan an pirovnebisagan, magali-Tad, damnaSave braldebulisagan Tavis dacvas saWiroebs.

sxeulis poziciis ukanaskneli aspeqti `sarkis~ efeqtis cnebas exeba. sarkis efeqti gulisxmobs, Tu ramdenad imeoreben adamianebi maT garSemo myofi pirebis (anda mosaubris) sxeulis poziciebsa da manerebs. sarkis efeqti Cveulebriv mianiSnebs daTanaxmebas, dadebiT reaqcias mosmenilze, an mosaubre pirTan sa-kuTari Tavis identificirebas. potenciurma naficma msajulebma SeiZleba gaimeoren prokuroris/ advokatis an sxva nafici msa-julis poza an manera, Tuki am adamianis identificirebas axdenen, anda maTdami dadebiTad arian ganwyobili. nafic msajulebs So-ris erTmaneTis qcevis gameoreba Sei-Zleba migvaniSnebdes imaze, rom maT Soris urTierTgagebaa damyarebuli.erTi msajulis mier meoris qcevis gameoreba imis mauwyebelia, rom, Tuki erTad moux-debaT nafic msajulebad gamosvla, SesaZloa maT Soris urT-ierTTanamSromloba damyardes.

mRelvarebisa da motyuebis vizualuri niSnebi

wyaro qcevaTa nimuSebi

sxeulis moZ-raoba

pozis cvlileba, xelebis sresa, erTi da igive ganmeorebiTi moZraobebi, an `adap-taciuri moZraobebi~

sxeulis poza ufro meti simtkice da naklebi Tavisa da sxeulis moZraoba

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sxeulis ori-entacia

dafaruli orientacia, gadajvaredinebuli xelebi da fexebi, momxseneblisagan ukan gadaxra

uneblie niS-nebi

Sekruli muStebiT gadajvaredinebuli xelebi, anda fexebze dawyobili moxrili xelebi

mxrebis aqaCva mxrebis aqaCva

Tvalis kon-taqti

naklebi vizualuri kontaqti da gax-Sirebuli Tvalis xamxami; gamonaklisi: mtruli ganwyoba da kulturuli norme-bidan gamomdinare Semcirebuli vizualuri kontaqti

saxis gamom-etyveleba

Sublis Sekvra,skeptikuri gamometyveleba,xelovnuri Rimili (`day-enebuli~ sicili)

Tundac umniS-vnelo mimika

swrafi (gakvriTi) saxis gamometyvelebebi, romlebic xSirad dominanturTan Seu-Tavsebel gamometyvelebas gamoxataven

sxeulis orientacia

mesame niSani exeba potenciuri nafici msajulis sxeulis orientacias prokuroris/advokatis mimarT. zogadad, sxeu-lis orientacia gulisxmobs msmenelis sxeulis wina nawilis mimarTebas mosaubresTan. Ria orientaciisas msmenelis sxeuli mosaubrisaken aris `moxrili~. nafici msajulis Ria orientacia Cveulebriv imaze metyvelebs, rom msajuli ar Relavs, dadebi-Tad aris ganwyobili mosaubris mimarT an eTanxmeba mosaubris pozicias. ZiriTadad, Ria orientaciisas msmeneli Tavisuflad zis, ise rogorc im adamianebis garemocvaSi, visTanac komfortu-lad grZnobs Tavs. aqedan gamomdinare, mosaubris mimarT msmene-lis sxeulis gadaxris kuTxis xarisxi miuTiTebs urTierTobis

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`daxurul~ xasiaTze, anda mosaubris, an misi poziciis mimarT winaaRmdegobaze. daxuruli orientacia SesaZloa gansakuTrebiT informatiuli iyos, rodesac erTi an meore mxaris mimarT ori-entacias asaxavs.

orientaciis am maxasiaTebelTan mimarTebaSi aseve mniS-vnelovania dakvirveba nafici msajuli `dacviT~ poziciaSi xom ar zis. kidurebis gadajvaredineba orientaciasTan kombinaciaSi prokuroris/advokatis mimarT daxurul poziciaze miuTiTebs. nafici msajulebi, romlebic amgvarad gadaijvaredineben xelebs,

amJRavneben mxaris mimarT winaaRmdegobas an mtrul damokide-bulebas.

sarkiseburi efeqtis msgavsad, sxeulis orientacia gvawv-dis informacias potenciuri nafici msajulebis erTmaneTTan savaraudo urTierTobis Sesaxeb. potenciur nafic msajulTa qceva derefanSi, Sesvenebebisa da SerCevis sxdomis dros, maT urTierTobaze metyvelebs. rodesac ramdenime nafici msajuli jgufad dgas da sxeuli jgufis centrisaken aqvT mimarTuli, jgufi ̀ daxuruli~ xasiaTisaa. es eqskluziuri urTierToba gan-sakuTrebiT SesamCnevia, rodesac am jgufis maxloblad sxva potenciuri nafici msajulebic dganan, Tumca jgufSi ar Sedian. potenciur nafic msajulTa orientaciiT SesaZlebelia sxdomaze maTi damokidebulebebi ganvsazRvroT. rodesac ramdenime poten-ciuri nafici msajuli erTad dgas, sxva msajulebi erTgvarad `TamaSgare~ mdgomareobaSi arian da maTi sxeulebi an pirdapir aris mimarTuli, anda am potenciuri nafici msajulebisagan gan-sxvavebul mxares.

dabolos, mosaubris an mis sawinaaRmdegod gadaxra gviCvenebs prokuroris/advokatis, an dasacavi piris mimarT msmenelis in-teresis xarisxs. zogadad, nafici msajulebi, romlebic win ari-an gadaxrili, interess yuradRebas, an Tanxmobas gamoxataven, ma-gram es prokurorisaTvis/advokatisaTvis aucileblad dadebiTi niSani ar aris. mtrulad ganwyobili potenciuri nafici msaju-

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li, romlis win gadaxrili pozicia mxaris mimarT yuradRebaze miuTiTebs, realurad SeiZleba ufro sabrZolo interess gamox-atavdes da ara dadebiT damokidebulebas. meore mxriv, nafici msajulis ukan gadaweva Cveulebriv sakiTxisadmi nakleb inter-ess an sakiTxis miuReblobas gamoxatavs. es ukanaskneli niSani SeiZleba aseve asaxavdes naTqvamis an miRebuli gadawyvetilebis mimarT komfortul damokidebulebas. magram orive SemTxveva mainc imaze miuTiTebs, rom nafici msajuli naklebad yuradRebiT aris ganwyobili.

uneblie niSnebi (simboloebi)

niSnebi aris Jestebi, romlebic sityvebis nacvlad gamoiy-eneba. Tavis daqneva (dasturis niSnad) an gaSlili xelis yuris ukan mideba (ar mesmis/cota maRali xmiT TqviT) adamians si-tyvebis gareSe sakuTari ganzraxvis gamoxatvaSi exmareba. iseve rogorc arsebobs `sityvis wamocdena~, SeiZleba arsebobdes ùn-eblie Jestebi~ an ùneblie niSnebi~.

ùneblie niSnebidan~ informaciis miRebis mTavari saidumlo imaSi mdgomareobs, rom, rogorc wesi, es niSnebi Cveulebriv mxedvelobis viwro farglebs gareT iCens Tavs (da xSirad mx-olod nawilobrivad). magaliTad, iseTi niSani an Jesti, ro-goricaa SekumSuli muSti, anda akankalebuli xeli, xSirad sxe-ulis win, anda sxeulisagan moSorebiT fiqsirdeba da mtruli ganwyobis, anda gabrazebis gamoxatvaa. Cveulebriv, msgavsi niS-nebis gamoyeneba SerCevis sxdomisas ar aris marTebuli. amisgan gansxvavebiT, idayvTan mitanili SekumSuli muSti naklebad Sesa-mCnevia, Tumca isic nafici msajulis namdvil mtrul damokide-bulebas gamoxatavs.

mxrebis aqaCva

pasuxis gacemisas mxrebis aqaCva SeiZleba imaze miuTiTebdes, rom (tyuilis TqmiT gamowveuli) mRelvarebis gamo mopasuxe

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ar aris sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuli, uxerxulad an dabneulad grZnobs Tavs. mxrebis aqaCva SesaZloa nafici msajulis mier dasmuli SekiTxvis kvalificirebas asaxavdes. potenciuri nafi-ci msajulebi, romlebic braldebulis savaraudo udanaSaulo-basTan an miyenebuli tkivilis, an tanjvis kompensaciis kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis dros qaCaven mxrebs, faqtobrivad prokurorebs/advokatebs eubnebian imas, rom isini darwmunebuli ar arian, an ar eTanxmebian maT naTqvams. am informaciis codna mniSvnelova-nia, raTa SevafasoT ramdenad sasurvelia konkretuli nafici msajulis arCeva.

nafici msajulis mier mxrebis aqaCva SeiZleba aseve mianiSneb-des, rom is valdebuli ar aris gaiTvaliswinos mosmenili. am pi-robebSi, potenciuri nafici msajuli mxares faqtobrivad eubneba, rom sityvierad eTanxmeba mosmenils, Tumca am Tanxmobam SeiZleba aranairi gavlena ar iqonios mis gadawyvetilebebze. dabolos, mxrebis aqaCva SeiZleba aseve sakiTxis mimarT indiferentuli damokidebulebis gamoxatuleba iyos, rogorc im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac nafici msajuli amCnevs, rom policia zogjer aWarbebs sakuTar uflebamosilebas potenciur samarTaldamrRvevebTan mimarTebaSi.

vizualuri kontaqti

SerCevis sxdomisas potenciuri nafici msajulis mcdeloba an unari, daamyaros da SeinarCunos vizualuri kontaqti, Sesa-Zlebelia misi mRelvarebis donis sazomi iyos. Tuki prokurors/advokats da potenciur nafic msajuls Soris urTierToba daZ-abuli an mRelvarea, droTa ganmavlobaSi es daZabuloba kidev ufro gaizrdeba. daZabulobis zrdaze potenciuri nafici msa-julebis reaqcia ki vizualuri kontaqtis darRveva (Tvalis aridebis, an daxamxamebis formiT) iqneba. vizualuri kontaqtis gawyvetis Semdeg daZabulobis done droebiT Semcirdeba da mogvianebiT nafic msajulebs SeuZliaT kvlav aRadginon Tvalis kontaqti prokurorTan/advokatTan. mRelvarebis ararsebobis

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SemTxvevaSi, nafici msajulobis kandidats SeuZlia `SeinarCu-nos saSualodan maRal donemde vizualuri kontaqti prokuror-Tan/advokatTan.. igive damokidebuleba vrceldeba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac nafici msajulis kandidati dadebiTad aris ganwyobili mxaris mimarT, anda ainteresebs ris Tqmas apirebs igi. Tumca, rodesac potenciuri nafici msajuli aRelvebulia (SesaZloa imis gamo, rom tyuils ambobs), SeiZleba davafiqsiroT vizua-luri kavSiris Sewyveta da potenciuri nafici msajulis mier mniSvnelovan momentSi Tvalis arideba an/da daxamxameba.

vizualur kontaqtsa da mRelvarebas Soris arsebuli kav-Siris codna prokurors/advokats saSualebas aZlevs gaiTval-iswinos ramdenime mniSvnelovani sakiTxi. inarCuneben, Tu ara vi-zualur kontaqts potenciuri nafici msajulebi prokurorTan/advokatTan kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis dros, Tu mniSvnelovan momentSi arideben Tvals? magaliTad, sisxlis samarTlis saqme-Si, braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemisagan Tavis Sekavebaze, na-fici msajulis pasuxia: `am faqts braldebulis sawinaaRmdegod ar gamoviyeneb (nafici msajuli Tvals aridebs advokats), Tuki braldebuli Tavs ikavebs Cvenebis micemisagan Tavdacvis mizniT (da am dros msajuli aRadgens vizualur kontaqts)~, pasuxis bolos Tvalis arideba nafici msajulis mRelvarebaze metyve-lebs. xom ar axSirebs potenciuri nafici msajuli Tvalis daxamxamebas romelime konkretul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas, an rodesac prokurori/advokati usvams romelime konkretul SekiTxvas? SeuZlia, Tu ara potenciur nafic msajuls Seinar-Cunos vizualuri kontaqti gamokiTxvis procesSi? Tuki poten-ciuri nafici msajuli ver moaxerxebs vizualuri kontaqtis SenarCunebas, es SeiZleba niSnavdes, rom msajuli mxarisaTvis sasargeblo/ sasurveli kandidatura ar aris.

vizualur kontaqtsa da mRelvarebas Soris arsebuli ze-moT xsenebuli kavSiridan 3 gamonaklisi arsebobs: pirveli _ myari vizualuri kavSiri Cveulebriv nafici msajulis saku-Tari Tavis Tavisuflad grZnobas an dainteresebas mianiSnebs, ma-gram gadaWarbebuli kavSiri SesaZloa mtruli damokidebulebis

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maCvenebeli iyos. am fenomens ukavSirdeba gamoTqma ̀ Seicani mteri Seni~ (mag., `ar momwonxar da amitom Tvals gadevneb~). meore _ gadametebuli vizualuri kontaqti aseve asocirdeba motyuebis an namdvili grZnobebis dafarvis mcdelobasTan. rogorc wesi, rodesac nafici msajuli motyuebas an araswori informaciis gadmocemas cdilobs da miaCnia, rom daJinebuli mzera mas ufro sarwmunod gamoaCens, amis gamo man SeiZleba gangeb gadametebuli vizualuri kavSiri daamyaros. mesame _ sxvadasxva kulturaSi sxvadasxva donis vizualuri kavSiria mizanSewonili. magaliTad, espanuri da aziuri warmomavlobis nafici msajulebis kandi-datebma SeiZleba naklebi vizualuri kavSiri daamyaron, rac Zalian martivad aixsneba maTi kulturuli kuTvnilebiT.es gam-onaklisebi kidev erTxel usvams xazs im faqts, rom saWiroa yvela verbaluri da araverbaluri niSani erTad ganixiloT, raTa swored SevafasoT nafici msajulis kandidatis realuri grZno-bebi da Sexedulebebi.

saxis gamometyveleba

saxis gamometyveleba, savaraudod, swored is niSania, romelsac adamianebi yvelaze metad endobian urTierTobisas. Sublis SeW-muxna, gaRimeba, SeSfoTebuli gamoxedva, skeptikuri an eWviani gamometyveleba arsebuli situaciis, an pirovnebis Sesaxeb gvawv-dis informacias. saxis gamometyvelebasTan dakavSirebuli prob-lema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom socializaciis procesSi, adamianebi yvelaze ukeTesad, sxva araverbaluri komunikaciis aspeqtebTan SedarebiT, swored saxis gamometyvelebis kontrolirebas swav-loben. nafici msajulis kandidati SeiZleba iRimebodes, anda dainteresebas gamoxatavdes maSinac ki, rodesac misi grZnobebi ar Seesabameba am gamometyvelebas. Tumca, Tuki nafici msajulis kandidati gansakuTrebiT daxelovnebuli ar aris araverbaluri komunikaciis unar-CvevebSi, realur grZnobebsa da gamometyvele-bas Soris arsebul Seusabamobas raime formiT mainc gamoavlens or aspeqtSi: Tavad saxis gamometyvelebasa da sxeulis sxva niS-nebTan SeusabamobaSi.

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potenciuri nafici msajulebis saxis gamometyvelebam Sei-Zleba ramdenime gziT amxilos (gasces) maTi `damaluli~ grZno-bebi. pirvel rigSi, saxis gamometyvelebis xarisxiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom tyuilis dadgenis raime Zlieri da swrafi wesebi ar arsebobs, `dayenebuli~ (xelovnuri) Rimili, romelic moce-muli situaciisaTvis Seuferebelze metxans grZeldeba, tyuilis an SeniRbulobis gamovlenaa. nafici msajulebi xSirad iyene-ben Rimils namdvili grZnobebis SesaniRbad. xelovnuri Rimili ufro xangrZlivia, gulwrfeli Rimili ki bunebrivad uCinardeba situaciis an grZnobebis cvlilebis paralelurad. xelovnuri Rimili gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad SeuZlia nafic msajuls sakuTari Tavis kontrolireba da uemocio, dayenebuli saxis SenarCuneba, maSin rodesac konkretul situaciaSi sawinaaRmdego reaqcia unda hqondes. magaliTad, rodesac prokurori/advokati SemTx-veviT uxerxul mdgomareobaSi Caagdebs uaryofiTad ganwyobil nafic msajuls, naficma msajulma SeiZleba xelovnuri Rimilis meSveobiT dafaros mxaris mimarT sakuTari uaryofiTi damokide-buleba.

amasTan, aragulwrfeli saxis gamometyveleba xSirad asime-triulia da gulwrfeli Rimilisagan gansxvavebiT, mTel saxeze ar vrceldeba. arsebobs gamoTqma `mrudi (calyba) Rimili~. ase-Ti Rimilis dros tuCebi mxolod erT boloSia erTad aziduli maRla, xolo tuCebis meore bolo umoqmedod, horizontalur poziciaSi, anda umniSvnelod dablaa daweuli, SeWmuxnili.

dabolos, realuri grZnobebis gamoaSkaraveba nafici msa-julis sxva araverbaluri niSnebis meSveobiTac xdeba. gamoaS-karavebas adgili aqvs maSin, rodesac saxis gamometyveleba sa-survel efeqts asaxavs, xolo sxeulis niSnebi mis sapirispiro gzavnilebs gvawvdian. magaliTad, protenciuri nafici msajuli SesaZloa sityvierad gamoxatavdes mxaris mimarT samarTliani mopyrobis survils, xolo saxis gamometyvelba neitraluri, anda dadebiTi hqondes. amavdroulad sxeulis niSnebi SesaZloa wi-naaRmdegobas, anda mRelvarebas gamoxatavdes gadajvaredinebuli

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xelebisa da daxuruli orientaciis mxriv. rogorc mogvianebiT ganvixilavT, araverbaluri niSnebis Tavsebadobis xarisxi nafici msajulis WeSmariti grZnobebis gamovlenis ZiriTadi faqtoria.

arsebobs erTi tipi potenciuri nafici msajulebisa, romle-bic yvelaze did mniSvnelobas saxis gamometyvelebebs aniWeben. `momRimar~ nafic msajuls, SerCevis sxdomis dros, prokuroris/advokatis mier kiTxvebis dasmis procesSic Rimili aqvs saxeze da STabeWdilebas qmnis, rom mxaris mimarT dadebiTad aris gan-wyobili. magram realurad es ase ar aris. SerCevis Semdegac es nafici msajuli prokurors/advokats sasamarTlo ganxilvaze RimiliT egebeba da agrZelebs iseTi STabeWdilebis moxdenas, TiTqos kvlav dadebiTad aris ganwyobili. mas Semdeg, rac nafici msajulebi klientis sawinaaRmdego verdiqts gamoitanen, nafici msajuli kvlavac gaagrZelebs Rimils (da mxolod mogvianebiT gairkveva, rom klientis sawinaaRmdego pozicia hqonda).

potenciuri nafici msajulis xelovnuri Rimilis gamov-lenis mTavari gasaRebi misi araverbaluri niSnebis urTierT-Tavsebadobis SemowmebaSi mdgomareobs. axlavs Tu ara nafici msajulis Rimils Tvalis gare kuTxeebSi naoWebi, an sxva niSnebi, rogorc es gulwrfeli Rimilis dros unda iyos? xom ar Sein-iSneba TvalebSi sisvele, rogorc es dadebiTi grZnobebis SemTx-vevaSi unda iyos an, piriqiT, xom ar aris gamoxedva civi? aris Tu ara Rimili asimetriuli (mag., tuCebis erTi mxare maRlaa mimarTuli, rodesac meore mxare umoZraod, dablaa daxrili)? aris Tu ara Rimili sxva araverbalur niSnebTan, rogoricaa sxe-ulis orientacia da poza, Tavsebadi? yovelTvis ufrTxildiT potenciur nafic msajuls, romelic iRimeba, magram sxeuli sxva mxares aqvs mimarTuli da mtkice pozas inarCunebs!

saxis umniSvnelo mimika

saxis gamometyvelebebis gansakuTrebuli klass `saxis um-niSvnelo mimikad~ moixsenieben. saxis umniSvnelo mimika Zalian xanmokle da swrafia, imdenad, rom wamis measedebiT izomeba.

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saxis umniSvnelo mimika asaxavs universalur emociebs, maT So-ris mowyenas, bednierebas, SiSs, gabrazebas, zizRs, Tanxmobasa da gakvirvebas. saxis umniSvnelo mimika dominantur gamometyvele-bebTan araTavsebadia da individualuri piris mier am gamom-etyvelebebis daTrgunvas asaxavs. magaliTad, Tuki Senelebul reJimSi vuyurebT Canawers, romelSic asaxulia moRimari adamiani, romelic bednieri ar aris, saxis umniSvnelo mimikam SeiZleba gamoavlinos mowyenili an gabrazebuli gamometyveleba, romelic dominanturi moRimari gamometyvelebis miRma imaleba. saxis um-niSvnelo mimikis dadgena rTulia misi swrafi xasiaTis gamo, magram iTvleba, rom swavlebis Sedegad SesaZlebelia adamianma gaiumjobesos amgvari gamometyvelebebis amocnobis unari. saxis umniSvnelo mimikam SeiZleba qvecnobier donezec iqonios gavlena da prokuroris/advokatis mxridan nafici msajulis mimarT in-tuitiuri ganwyobis Camoyalibebis wyaro gaxdes, maSin rodesac prokurors/advokats dadebiTi an negatiuri reaqcia aqvs nafic msajulze, magram ar SeuZlia am grZnobis obieqturi safuZvelis axsna.

smeniTi niSnebi: ra gvesmis

niSnebis meore kategoria mosmenil informaciaze, anu smeniT niSnebze akeTebs aqcents. qvemoT CamoTvlilia 8 smeniTi niSani, romlebic mRelvarebaze, anda tyuilze miuTiTebs: ·

wyvetili saubari; Seyovnebuli saubari; aRmavali tonaloba; saubris moculoba; saubris siCqare; xmis toni; daZabuli sicili; saubrisas gamoyenebuli sityvebi (sityvebis SerCeva). rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, am niSnebis umetesoba mocemul

situaciaSi potenciuri nafici msajulis Cveulebrivi qcevisagan gansxvavebul qcevas asaxavs.

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wyvetili saubari

potenciuri nafici msajulis saubris Cveulebrivi maneri-dan gadaxveva da saubris wyveta SeiZleba mRelvarebis mimaniSne-beli iyos. potenciuri nafici msajulis mRelvarebis zrdasTan erTad ki izrdeba saubris wyvetis sixSire. Sewyvetas SeiZleba SeCerebis xasiaTi hqondes da Tan axldes iseTi niSnebi, ro-goricaa: `mmmmm~, `uuuf~, `isa~. magaliTad, `Tqveni azriT, SeZlebT gamamarTlebeli verdiqtis gamotanas, Tuki prokurori ver SeZ-lebs ikisros mtkicebis tvirTi?~ qvemoT mocemul or pasuxSi sxvadasxva donis mRelvareba gamoixateba:

_ `vfiqrob, SevZleb braldebulis udanaSaulod cnobas~ (uwyveti pasuxi).

_ `vfiqrob, mmmmm... SevZleb, mmmmm..., braldebulis udanaSau-lod cnobas~ (wyvetili pasuxi).

meore pasuxSi wyveta imis maCvenebelia, rom meore potenci-uri nafici msajuli pirvelTan SedarebiT ufro Relavs. sau-bris wyveta SeiZleba aseve gamoixatebodes pasuxis dros erTi da imave sityvebis gameorebiT, magaliTad, `vfiqrob, rom (mcire pauza), vfiqrob, SevZleb braldebulis udanaSaulod cnobas~.

dabolos, potenciuri nafici msajulis saubris wyveta an gavlena Sei-Zleba gamoixatos dausrulebeli sityvebis gamo-yenebiT da winadadebebis ardasrulebiT. winadadebebis ardas-ruleba SeiZleba mRelvarebas gamoxatavdes. magaliTad, rodesac nafici msajulis savaraudo pasuxi aseTia: `vfiqrob SevZleb braldebulis samarTlianad gansjas~, es niSnavs, rom igi ar Re-lavs. xolo aRelvebuli msajulis pasuxi SeiZleba iyos Semdegi: `vfiqrob, SevZleb...~ pauza da Semdeg gagrZleba `braldebulis samarTlianad gansjas~. wyveta SeiZleba aseve dafiqsirdes, rode-sac msajuli daiwyebs winadadebas, SeCerdeba da Semdeg axali winadadebis Tqmas daiwyebs, rogorc pasuxSi iyo: `vfiqrob, samar-Tlianoba mniSvnelovania~. dausrulebeli winadadebis an axali winadadebis dawyebis gagebis mTavari arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, Tu rogor daasrulebs nafici msajuli winadadebas. prokurori/

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advokati potenciuri problemebis arsebobis Sesaxeb im SemTx-vevaSi unda dafiqrdes, Tuki msajuli Tavs aridebs garkveuli sityvebis gamoyenebas, anda pasuxis dasrulebamde uceb gaCumdeba.

Seyovnebuli saubari

Seyovnebuli saubari aris pauzebi nafici msajulis pasuxeb-Si. saubarSi Seyovnebebi potenciuri msajulis mRelvarebis matebis paralelurad xSirdeba. pauzas aseve iyeneben tyuilis Tqmis dros, tyuilis mosafiqreblad da sakontroleblad. pauza SeiZleba saubris dawyebamde iyos, magaliTad, `(pauza)……jari-mis dakisrebas ar moveridebodi~. rac Seexeba saubris wyve-tas, pauzebs an SeCerebebs, SeiZleba isini pasuxis gacemi dros dafiqsirdes, magaliTad, `ar moveridebodi (pauza).... jarimis dakisrebas~. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania movusminoT da yuradReba miaqcioT raze mianiSnebs saubris Seyovneba, raTa gamovavlinoT potenciuri nafici msajulis Sexedulebebi.

zogierTi SekiTxva potenciri nafici msajulis mxridan pasuxis gacemisas fiqrisaTvis minimalurze met dros moiTxovs. pasuxis mofiqrebisas naficma msajulma SeiZleba ara mxolod namdvili SegrZnebebi gamoavlinos, aramed ifiqros imaze, Tu ra tipis pasuxi warmoaCenda mas ukeTesad. magaliTad, nafic msa-juls ekiTxebian, Tu rogori damokidebuleba aqvs braldebul-Tan, romelmac ar misca Cveneba. nafici msajuli pauzis Semdeg pasuxobs: `rogorc vici, mas aqvs amis ufleba~, rac SeiZleba imaze miuTiTebdes, rom is Tavs ikavebs imis xmamaRla aRiarebi-sagan, rom braldebulis amgvari saqcieli SesaZloa mis braleu-lobaze metyvelebdes.

aRmavali tonaloba

potenciuri nafici msajulis xmis tonaloba SeiZleba aseve miuTiTebdes mRelvarebaze. mRelvarebisas yelis kunTi iZabeba da Sedegad, xmis tonaloba ufro maRalia. nafici msajulis

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mier konkretul kiTxvebze sxvaze maRali tonalobiT gacemuli pasuxi mis am sakiTxebisadmi mRelvarebaze miuTiTebs. am niSnis yvelaze naTeli magaliTia, rodesac nafici msajuli mRelvarebis gamomwvev kiTxvas mokled, maRali tonalobiT `diax~ an `aras~ pasuxobs. aRmavali tonaloba SesaZloa aseve pasuxSi daurwmune-blobas asaxavdes. am SemTxvevaSi, marTalia, Tavad naTqvams mox-senebiTi xasiaTi aqvs, magram saubris bolos aRmavali tonaloba migvaniSnebs, rom nafici msajuli ar aris Tavdajerebili sa-kuTar naTqvamSi.

saubris moculoba

prokuroris/advokatis mimarT nafici msajulobis kandi-datis dadebiTi damokidebuleba SeiZleba gamovlindes nafici msajulis saubris moculobaSi. dadebiTad ganwyobili nafici msajuli mzad aris ufro meti esaubros prokurors/advoka-ts. igive SeiZleba iTqvas potenciur nafic msajulze, romelic konkretuli prokuroris/advokatis keTilganwyobis mopovebas cdilobs. magram, rodesac nafic msajuls ar moswons mxare, mc-irdeba misi survili, rom gulwrfeli pasuxebi gasces kiTxvebze. amgvarad, saubris moculoba mniSvnelovan informacias gvawvdis potenciuri nafici msajulebis mxareebis mimarT damokidebule-baze.

mniSvnelovania, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba gavamaxviloT, Tu ramdenad mondomebulia potenciuri nafici msajuli, rom sruli pasuxi gagceT dasmul kiTxvaze, anda dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxTan erTad mogawodoT damatebiTi informacia. prokurori/advokati sifrTxiliT unda moekidos iseT potenciur nafic msajuls, romelic mis kiTxvebs mokled pasuxobs, xolo mowinaaRmdege mxaris kiTxvebze detalur pasuxebs iZleva. faqtobrivad amgvari gansxvavebuli aqtiuroba SeiZleba iqamdec mivides, rom potenci-urma naficma msajulma keTilganwyobili prokuroris/advokatis mier sxva potenciuri nafici msajulebis gamokiTxvis procesi CaSalos ama Tu im sakiTxebze sakuTari mosazrebebis gadaWarbe-buli gaTqmiT.

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zogadi wesis Tanaxmad, bevri saubari dadebiTi damokideb-ulebis gamoxatulebaa. magram Sinaarsis mixedviT gamonaklisad unda CaiTvalos SemTxvevebi, rodesac pasuxi Seusabamo infor-macias an kiTxvaze pasuxisagan Tavis aridebas moicavs. am Sem-TxvevaSi bevri saubari tyuilisa da mRelvarebis maniSnebelia. potenciurma naficma msajulma, romelic Relavs an prokuroris/advokatis motyuebas cdilobs, SesaniRbad SesaZloa ararelevan-turi informacia mogviTxros. am SemTxvevaSi potenciuri na-fici msajulis mizania Tqvas nebismieri ram, raTa upasuxod ar datovos mxaris kiTxva da amavdroulad, ar gamoavlinos realuri damokidebuleba. magaliTad, rodesac potenciur nafic msajuls ekiTxebian, Tu ramdenad SeZlebs braldebulis samar-Tlian gansjas, pirdapiri pasuxi iqneba `b-n jonss samarTlianad ganvsji~, xolo Tavis aridebis SemTxvevaSi ityvis: _ `albaT yvela dameTanxmeba, rom samarTlianoba Zalian mniSvnelovania~. yuradReba miaqcieT, rom meore pasuxs _ braldebulis mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gacxadebas, potenciuri nafici msa-juli Segnebulad aridebs Tavs. es SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos ubralo daudevrobiT, anda surviliT, rom ar gamoavlinos saku-Tari damokidebuleba. damatebiTi kiTxvebi saSualebas mogvcems Sesabamisad SevafasoT, Tu ra SemTxvevasTan gvaqvs saqme _ Tavis aridebasa Tu daudevrobasTan. qvemoT moyvanilia yofili leit-enantis, kolonel oliver nortis saqmis ganxilvisaTvis nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdomis dros gamarTuli gamokiTxva:

prokurori: xom ar arsebobs mizezi, romlis gamoc gagiWird-ebaT am saqmeSi nafic msajulad gamosvla?

nafici msajulobis kandidati: ara. prokurori: zogjer adamianebs religiuri mosazrebebiT

uWirT nafis msajulad gamosvla. Tqveni religiuri rwmena an mosazrebebi xels xom ar SegiSliT nafici msajulis movaleo-bis SesrulebaSi?

nafici msajulobis kandidati: iciT, me qristiani var, magram simarTlis mjera, imitom, rom simarTle RmerTis megobaria (yu-radReba miaqcieT im faqts, rom nafici msajulobis kandidati

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faqtobrivad ver pasuxobs dasmul SekiTxvas). prokurori: kargiT, magram Tuki simarTle, Tqveni gagebiT, da

kanoni, rogorc mosamarTlisagan moismineT _ moiTxovs, rom xma misceT gadawyvetilebas kolonel norTis damnaSaved cnobis Ses-axeb, da gjeraT rom es asea, Tqven amas gaakeTebT?

nafici msajulobis kandidati: ara, amas ver gavakeTeb, imitom, rom iq ar viyavi da ar vici, man Caidina Tu ara es. warmoidgineT, xma rom mivce am gadawyvetilebas, gamodis, rom faqtobrivad me mas sicocxles varTmev, adamianis sicocxle ki Zvirfasia da misi damnaSaveobis gadawyvetilebas xmas ver mivcem.

prokurori: ganurCevlad imisa, Tu ras gaigebT sasamarTlo darbazSi?

nafici msajulobis kandidati: diax. prokurori: anu mainc ar daadanaSaulebdiT mas?nafici msajulobis kandidati: ara. prokurori: vafaseb Tqvens gulwrfelobas, didi madloba, qa-lbatono. nafici msajulobis kandidati: gmadlobT. sasamarTlo: didi madloba, Tqven Tavisufali xarT (acile-

buli xarT).

rogorc winamdebare TavSi ganvixilavT, Tuki ver SeZlebT ararelevanturi pasuxis gamocnobas, SeiZleba miiRoT potenciu-rad damangreveli Sedegebi.

saubris siCqare

mRelvarebis kidev erTi niSania is, Tu ramdenad swrafad pa-suxobs potenciuri nafici msajuli dasmul SekiTxvas. zogjer aRelvebuli nafici msajuli cdilobs dauyovnebliv da swrafad upasuxos SekiTxvas. swrafad saubari mRelvarebis xangrZlivo-bas amcirebs.

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xmis toni

potenciuri nafici msajulis xmis toni SeiZleba tyuilisa da uaryofiTi damokidebulebis mniSvnelovani miniSneba iyos. es niSani adre ganxilul vizualur niSnebTan SedarebiT tyuilis dadgenis ufro zusti saSualebaa. xmis civi toni Cveulebriv tyuilze, gulgrilobaze, an potenciur uaryofiT damokideb-ulebaze _ arakeTilganwyobaze metyvelebs. amitom Zalian mniS-vnelovania, rom ukiduresad frTxilad mivudgeT potenciur naf-ic msajuls, romelic SerCevis procesSi prokurors/advokats civi xmiT pasuxobs.

daZabuli sicili

sicili xandaxan daZabulobis gamovlinebad iTvleba. po-tenciuri nafici msajuli daZabuloba SeiZleba gamoaSkaravdes misi sicilis xarisxisa da mocemul situaciaTan adekvaturobis mixedviT. rogorc wesi, daZabuli sicili mocemul situacia-Si misaRebze xmamaRalia. sicili SesaZloa arsebul situaciaSi marTebuli iyos, magram daZabulobis gamo, normalur sicilTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT xmamaRali iyos. amasTan, naficma msajulma SeiZleba Seamoklos an uceb Sewyvitos daZabuli sicili, rode-sac gacineba realurad ar hqonda ganzraxuli, anda mixvdeba, rom mocemul situaciaSi sicili Seuferebelia (uadgiloa).

dabolos, daZabulobiT provocirebuli sicilis amocnoba SesaZlebelia imaze dakvirvebiT, Tu ramdenad marTebulia sicili SerCevis sxdomaze. delikaturi Temebis ganxilvisas sicili uadgiloa da SesaZloa potenciuri nafici msajulis mRelva-rebis Sedegi gaxdes.

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mRelvarebisa da motyuebis smeniTi niSnebi

wyaro qcevaTa nimuSebi

wyvetili saubari Seyovnebuli saubari tonaloba saubris moculoba saubris siCqare xmis toni daZabuli sicili sityvebis SerCeva

arasrulyofili saubari, `mmm~, ùf~ da sityvis gameoreba pasuxis dawyebamde da pau-zebi pasuxis dros; aRmavali tonaloba, cota saubari; gamonaklisi: uadgulo saubari an saubari Tavis aridebis mizniT, swrafi saubari, civi toni, uadgilo sicili an Cveulebrivze xmamaRali si-cili meti fsiqologiuri distancia (mag., ìsini~, àf-roamerikelebi~) da uaryofis makavSireblebi

mocemuli magaliTi naTlad warmoaCens daZabuli Rimilis xasiaTs (mniSvnelobas). erT patara samezobloSi gaufrTxile-blobiT Cadenili danaSaulis gamo eqimis winaaRmdeg aRZruli saqme ganixileboda. erTi potenciuri nafici msajulis bral-debuli eqimis pacienti iyo. SerCevis sxdomaze potenciurma naficma msajulma prokuroris kiTxvis sapasuxod daadastu-ra, rom SeeZlo yofiliyo miukerZoebeli. `diax, miukerZoebeli viqnebi, hahaha!~ _ upasuxa qalbatonma daZabuli siciliT. mogvi-anebiT mas hkiTxes, xom ar iqneboda misTvis rTuli gamamtyune-beli verdiqtis gamotana, Tuki es kanonisa da mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze gaxdeboda saWiro. misi pasuxi iyo: àra, hahaha~. misi sicili ar iyo sarkastuli, magram arsebul situaciaSi aSkarad uadgilo iyo. potenciuri nafici msajuli SesaZloa msajulad gamosvlis gamo mRelvarebas sxva araverbaluri komunikaciis drosac avlenda. TandaTan ki misi mRelvareba iseT daZabulobaSi gadaizarda, rom misi sicili Zalzed xelovnuri gaxda.

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sityvebis SerCeva

wina niSnebisagan gansxvavebiT, smeniTi niSnebis bolo el-ementi potenciuri nafici msajulis pasuxebis Sinaars exeba. sityvebi (terminebi), romlebsac potenciuri nafici msajulebi kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas iyeneben, SeiZleba Zalian infor-maciuli iyos. SerCeuli sityvebi asaxavs im fsiqologiur da logikur distancias, romelsac potenciuri nafici msajuli sakuTar Tavsa da mosaubres Soris awesebs. fsiqologiuri dis-tanciis arseboba msajulis uaryofiTi ganwyobis an mRelvarebis gamoxatulebaa. magaliTad, nafici msajuli, romelic bralde-buls moixseniebs nacvalsaxelebiT (ìs~, `man~ da a.S.), ufro met fsiqologiur da logikur distancias awesebs sakuTar Tav-sa da braldebuls Soris, vidre sxva msajulebi, romlebic mas saxeliT moixsenieben.

fsiqologiuri distancia SeiZleba garkveuli jgufebis mimarT garkveuli stereotipebis arsebobazec metyvelebdes. po-tenciuri nafici msajuli, romelic sxva rasobrivi an eTni-kuri jgufis warmomadgenlebs moixseniebs rogorc ìsini~, anda ìseTi xalxi~, nacvlad Sesabamisi mimarTvisa (mag., `Savkaniane-bi~, àfroamerikelebi~, èspanurenovani mosaxleoba~, `laTi-noamerikelebi~), gamoxatavs mis stereotipul midgomas, anda aRelvebul damokidebulebas. komunikaciis pirdapiroba, anda arapirdapiroba aseve metyvelebs arsebul fsiqologiur dis-tanciaze. naficma msajulma, romelic uaryofiTad aris gan-wyobili, an ar aris gulaxdili, SeiZleba, magaliTad, aseTi ram ganacxados: `mTlianobaSi maT (igulisxmeba korporacia, ro-melic saqmeSi figurirebs) mimarT cudad ar var ganwyobili (maTi sawinaaRmdego araferi maqvs)~, Tumca realurad SeiZleba fiqrobdes, rom am korporaciam usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis marT-vas Tavi saTanadod ver gaarTva.

sityvebis SerCevis paralelurad, damatebiT gasaTvaliswine-belia potenciuri nafici msajulis saubris stili. nafici msa-juli, romelic iyenebs aramtkicebiT an aradamajerebeli sau-

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bris stils, naklebad sarwmunoa, vidre is, vinc saubris Zlier (damajerebel) stils irCevs. aradamajerebeli saubris stil-isTvis damaxasiaTebelia pirdapiri saubrisagan Tavis arideba (mag., `vfiqrob~, `darwmunebuli var~, anda `raRac msgavsi~), gamaZliereblebi (mag., àse rom~, `Zalian~, an `zedmetad~), yoy-mani (mag., ìciT raa~, ùf~, `ra vici~, an pauzebi), zrdilobiani an zedmetad formaluri diqcia (mag., `batono~, `geTayva~, an `gmadlob~), da kiTxviTi toni (mag., saubris aRmavali toni, ro-melic asocirdeba kiTxvebis dasmasTan, TxrobiT konteqstebSic ki). saubris stili, Cvens mier potenciuri nafici msajulis komunikaciis gaanalizebaSi ori mimarTulebiTaa mniSvnelovani. pirveli, aradamajerebeli saubris stilis ramdenime maxasiaTe-beli zemoT ukve ganxilul niSnebs moicavs da migvaniSnebs imaze, rom aradamajerebeli saubris stili tyuilis an mRel-varebis gamoxatulebaa. meore, nafic msajulTa SerCevis Tval-sazrisiT, potenciuri msajulebi, romlebic aradamajerebeli saubris stils iyeneben, gacilebiT naklebad sarwmunoni arian sakuTari azrebis gadmocemisas, vidre isini, vinc saubris Zlier stils iyeneben. amgvarad, saubris stili faseul informacias gvaZlevs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra gavlena eqnebaT nafic msa-julebs uSualod gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesze.

SerCeuli terminologia kidev or mniSvnelovan sakiTxs exeba. pirveli _ uaryofiTi kavSiri `magram~-is gamoyeneba ori winadadebis dasakavSireblad, SesaZloa pirveli winadadebis gaqarwylebas emsaxurebodes. magaliTad, potenciurma naficma msajulma SeiZleba aseTi pasuxi gagceT: `samarTliani viqnebi, magram gazeTSi wavikiTxe, rom braldebulma aRiara mkvlelo-ba~, es maRali albaTobiT niSnavs imas, rom, potenciuri msa-juli realurad ar aris darwmunebuli pirvel winadadebaSi gamoTqmul azrSi (`samarTliani viqnebi~) da faqtobrivad, ad-vokats eubneba amis Sesaxeb meore winadadebis dros (`magram gazeTSi wavikiTxe, rom braldebulma aRiara mkvleloba~). meore _ Ria daboloebis kiTxvebi dagexmarebaT nafici msajulis mier terminologiis SerCevis SefasebaSi. es aris is kiTxvebi, romle-bic potenciur nafic msajuls pasuxis gacemisas farTo arCevnis

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gakeTebis SesaZleblobas aZlevs, magaliTad: `ras fiqrobT gan-zrax mkvlelobis SemTxvevaSi sikvdilis dasjis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT?~ _ yuradReba miaqcieT, rom dasmuli kiTxva nafic msajuls pirdapiri pasuxis gacemis saSualebas ar utovebs. kiTxvebs, romlebic potenciur nafic msajuls SezRuduli pa-suxis gacemisaken ubiZgebs, mimaniSnebel kiTxvebsac eZaxian, mag-aliTad: `marTebulad migaCniaT ganzrax mkvlelobis SemTxvevaSi sikvdiliT dasjis gamoyeneba?~ Ria kiTxvis Rirebuleba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom pasuxSi nafici msajuli informacias gawvdiT sakuTari sityvebiT da gamoxatavs sakuTar mosazrebebs.

rogor SevafasoT potenciuri nafici msajulisaraverbaluri komunikacia

am momentamde cal-calke ganvixilavdiT sxvadasxva vizua-lur da smeniT niSnebs. Tumca, potenciuri nafici msajulis qcevis sworad Sesafaseblad yvela xelmisawvdomi informacia unda gavaerTianoT. praqtikaSi am niSnebis gadarCeva damatebiT dros ar moiTxovs, magram saWiroa yuradRebiT davakvirdeT xelmisawvdom informacias.

araverbaluri niSnebis Sefasebis mTavari arsi maT Tanmim-devrulobaSi mdgomareobas. saWiroa Tvali mivadevnoT araver-baluri komunikaciis nimuSebs an maT erTobliobas (romle-bic niSnebis Tanmimdevrulobas gamoxatavs). iZleva Tu ara am niSnebis erToblioba srul suraTs nafici msajulis qcevaze (mag., malavs simarTles) an damokidebulebaze (mag., TanagrZnoba, ugulebelyofa, brazi)? niSnebis araTanmimdevruloba pirdapir mianiSnebs imaze, rom raRac ar aris wesrigSi. am SemTxvevaSi gan-sakuTrebuli yuradReba unda gamaxvildes imaze, Tu ra ar aris wesrigSi. gamoyenebuli araverbaluri informacia Tavad SeiZleba ar moicavdes am kiTxvaze pasuxs, magram samagierod arsebuli situaciis amoxsnis sawyisi wertili iyos.

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standartuli (sabaziso) kriteriumis gansazRvra (tipuri qcevis gansazRvra)

potenciuri nafici msajulis verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis Sefasebisas mniSvnelovania msajulis Cveulebrivi (tipuri) qcevis zogadi suraTis Seswavla. rogorc am Tavis dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, am procesis pirveli etapi gulisxmobs nafici msajulis mRelvarebis an nerviulobis standartuli kriteriumis gansazRvras Sedarebis gasakeTeblad. mRelvareba `vakuumSi~ ar arsebobs. potenciuri nafici msajulis mRelva-reba an nerviuloba SeiZleba mxolod imiT iyos gamowveuli, rom is sasamarTloSia da kiTxvebs usvamen.

nafici msajulis araverbaluri komunikaciis gansazRvra:

standartuli kriteriumis an tipuri qcevis gansazRvra; nafici msajulis pasuxebSi arsebuli cvlilebebis an

gadaxrebis Sefaseba; misTvis damaxasiaTebeli da araTanmimdevruli qcevis

gansazRvra; ganmartebis mopoveba; is, Tu vis uyurebs nafici msajuli gaurkvevel situa-

ciaSi; · nafic msajulze mudmivi dakvirveba.

tipuri qcevis dadgenis saukeTeso gza potenciuri nafici msajulis araverbalur komunikaciaze dakvirvebaa im periodSi, rodesac isini sakuTari biografiis Sesaxeb dasmul kiTxvebs pasuxoben. aseTi kiTxvebi yvelaze naklebad iwvevs mRelvarebas. amgvarad, SerCevis sxdoma unda daiwyos da Cveulebriv iwyeba kidec martivi, aramgrZnobiare Sinaarsis kiTxvebiT. potenciuri nafici msajulis pasuxebis modeli avlens, Tu ramdenad Relavs is SerCevis sxdomaSi monawileobis gamo da rogoria zogadad misi araverbaluri komunikaciis stili.

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nafici msajulis pasuxebSi cvlilebebis Sefaseba

potenciuri nafici msajulis tipuri mRelvarebisa da saqmianobis gansazRvris Semdeg, keTdeba Sefaseba imisa, Tu ro-gor Seicvala potenciuri nafici msajulis Semdgomi qceva. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces cvlilebas, romelic gamowveulia imiT, TuU vin svamda SekiTxvebs da ra Temas exe-boda es kiTxvebi. magaliTad, potenciurma naficma msajulma xom ar daiwyo ukan daxeva mas Semdeg, rac kiTxvebi mSromelTa usafrTxoebaze Secvala kiTxvebma jarimis dakisrebis an/da daudevrobiT Cadenili danaSaulis Sesaxeb? aseve mniSvnelovani dakvirveba potenciuri nafici msajulis araverbalur komunika-ciaze, rodesac gamokiTxvas sxva prokurorebi/advokatebi atare-ben. xom ar gansxvavdeba potenciuri nafici msajulis pasuxebi imis mixedviT, Tu vin usvams kiTxvas _ prokurori, advokati an mosamarTle? dabolos, nafici msajulis araverbaluri qceva xom ar gansxvavdeba sxva potenciuri nafici msajulebis qcevisagan? magaliTad, potenciuri nafici msajuli nerviulad moZraobs sa-varZelSi, rodesac diskusia exeba rasobriv urTierTobebs, maSin roca sxva potenciuri nafici msajulebi yovelgvari nerviulo-bis gareSe pasuxoben dasmul kiTxvebs.

tipuri qceva da araTanmimdevruloba

ramdenadac realur cxovrebaSi `pinoqios efeqti~ ar arse-bobs, saWiroa Tvali gadavavloT potenciuri nafici msajulis araverbaluri qcevis jgufs. qcevaTa msgavsi jgufebi SeiZleba iyos an kargi an cudi im konteqstidan gamomdinare, Tu sad xorcieldeba es qceva. aseve mniSvnelovania SevniSnoT, rodis da rogor icvleba es qceva.

dazusteba

mniSvnelovani araverbaluri komunikaciis gamvlenisas, mag-aliTad, rogoricaa qcevis niSnebis araTanmimdevruloba, saWiroa davazustoT, Tu ras fiqrobs, an ra ganwyoba aqvs potenciur

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nafic msajuls am dros. dasviT damazustebeli kiTxvebi, rac po-tenciur nafic msajuls saubris saSualebas miscems. magaliTad: `SegiZliaT miTxraT, ufro konkretulad, rogori damokidebule-ba gaqvT am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT?~ marTalia, mniSvnelovania, rom potenciuri nafici msajuli uxerxul mdgomareobaSi ar CavayenoT, magram SesaZlebelia aRniSnoT, Tu ratom gadawyviteT mocemuli sakiTxis dazusteba (`SevniSne, rom am sakiTxze sau-bars eridebodiT. SegiZliaT cota ufro detalurad miamboT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb?~). Tumca niSnebis Sesaxeb damazustebeli kiTxvebi didi sifrTxiliT unda daisvas. potenciurma naficma msajulma SeiZleba ver gaacnobieros ratom usvamT mocemul kiTxvebs, ramac SesaZloa uaryofiTi reaqcia gamoiwvios masSi Tqven mier garkveul qcevebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebisas, gan-sakuTrebiT, Tuki es qceva potenciuri nafici msajulisaTvis ucnobia (rac zogjer xdeba xolme), anda negatiuri xasiaTis matarebelia. Tuki darwmunebili ar xarT, sakiTxi kidev ufro detalurad SeiswavleT ise, rom ar miuTiToT Tanmdev araver-balur komunikaciaze.

yuradReba miaqcieT Tu vis moiazrebs nafici msajuli mxardamWerad

potenciuri nafici msajulis qcevaSi cvlilebis gar-da, saWiroa SevafasoT, Tu vis mimarTavs is `daxmarebisaTvis~ gaurkvevel situaciebSi. SerCevis sxdomisas sakmaod bevri gaurkveveli situaciaa. amitom mniSvnelovania yuradReba mivaq-cioT, Tu vis mimarTavs `daxmarebisaTvis~ potenciuri nafici msajuli, rodesac iseT kiTxvas usvamen, romlis pasuxSic ar aris darwmunebuli. sayuradReboa, agrZelebs Tu ara potenciuri nafici msajuli vizualuri kontaqtis SenarCunebas prokuror-Tan/advokatTan, romelic damabnevel kiTxvas svams, moelis Tu ara misgan met ganmartebas, anda daxmarebas? xom ar uyurebs po-tenciuri nafici msajuli am SemTxvevaSi mowinaaRmdege mxares? mosamarTles uyurebs Tu mosamarTlis TanaSemwes? gaurkvevel situaciebTan dakavSirebiT msajulis pasuxi migvaniSnebs, Tu vis SeiZleba mimarTos naficma msajulma `daxmarebisaTvis~ pasuxis gacemisas, anda, rodesac msgavsi damabneveli kiTxvebi sasamarTlo darbazSi daismeba. Tuki SesaZlebelia, unda aiciloT potenciuri

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msajuli, romelic pasuxisaTvis an `daxmarebisaTvis~ mowinaaRm-dege mxares `mimarTavs~.

awarmoeT potenciur msajulze mudmivi dakvirveba

zemoT ZiriTadi yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyos imaze, Tu ra reaqcia hqondaT dasmul kiTxvebze potenciur nafic msajulebs, Tumca informaciis mopoveba sxva dros (sxva xerxebiTac) Sei-Zleba. dakvirvebul prokurors/advokats SeuZlia isargeblos am mdgomareobiT. pirvel rigSi, saWiroa dakvirveba potenciuri nafici msajulis reaqciaze, rodesac mxare kiTxvas svams sxva nafici msajulebis misamarTiT da rodesac isini am kiTxvebs pasuxoben. xSirad potenciuri nafici msajulebi Tanxmobis niS-nad Tavs aqneven an iReben skeptikuri, an kritikuli saxis gamometyvelebas, anda sxva nafici msajulisaTvis dasmul kiTx-vebze sakuTari azris da damokidebulebebis gamoTqmiT, gamosce-men araverbalur indikatorebs. daakvirdiT potenciuri nafici msajulebis qcevas, rodesac isini jer kidev nafici msajulobis kandidatis rolSi gvevlinebian. potenciuri nafici msajulebi komfortulad grZnoben Tavs am dros da ara maSin, rodesac ukve SerCeul nafic msajulTa SemadgenlobaSi arian. Sedegad, nafici msajulebi cdiloben ar gamoavlinon sakuTari araverbaluri reqciebi msajulTa SerCevis etapze. nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdomaze mosamarTle xSirad gansaxilveli saqmis mokle aR-werilobas akeTebs. sasurvelma Tu arasasurvelma potenciurma naficma msajulebma sakuTari Tavi SeiZleba gamoavlinon am aR-werilobis mosmenisas dadebiTi an negatiuri araverbaluri ko-munikaciis meSveobiT. magaliTad, mosamarTlis mier saqmis mokle Sinaarsis gadmocemisas, potenciurma naficma msajulma SeiZleba TanagrZnobis gamomxatveli, Sewuxebuli an arakeTilganwyobili saxis gamometyveleba miiRos. am dros potenciuri nafici msa-juli SeiZleba Zalian dramatulad moiqces. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mivaqcioT nafic msajulebs, maSin rodesac sa-samarTlo mxareebs kamaTisaTvis moiwvevs. am situaciaSi mniS-vnelovania, Tu saiT aris mimarTuli potenciuri nafici msaju-lis mzera da rogoria misi reaqcia. Zalian bunebrivia, rodesac nafici msajulis mzera prezentatori mxariskenaa mimarTuli.

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am dros vizualuri kontaqtis ararseboba, anda mowinaaRmdege mxarisken mzeris mipyroba, warmodgenili mxarisadmi uaryofiT damokidebulebas avlens. garda amisa, xSirad potenciur msa-juls saxeze TanagrZnobis, SeSfoTebis gamomxatveli gamome-tyveleba aqvs. es reqciebi erTiandeba da emateba informacias, romelic, saboloo jamSi, mxaris mier am konkretuli msajulis sasurvelad an arasasurvelad CaTvlas uwyobs xels. dabolos, gamosadegi iqneba, Tuki potenciur nafic msajuls davakvirdebiT Sesvenebebis dros, derefanSi an sasadiloSi. rogorc sxeulis orientaciis niSnebze saubrisas iTqva, potenciurma naficma msa-julebma SeiZleba aseve erTmaneTis mimarT damokidebulebis am-saxveli niSnebic gamoavlinon. vis esaubrebian nafici msajule-bi? visTan erTad sadiloben? saubris dros romeli msajuli an msajulebi avlenen lideris Tvisebebs? amgvari dakvirvebebi SeiZleba faseuli iyos imis gasarkvevad, Tu rogor imoqmedebs konkretuli nafici msajuli jgufSi da rogoria sxvadasxva nafici msajulis liderobis potenciali.

daskvna

yuradReba gaamaxvileT SerCevis sxdomis oTx mTavar mizanze:

1. informaciis Segroveba; 2. keTilganwyobis mopoveba; 3. nafic msajulTa informaciis miwodeba samarTlebriv

sakiTxebze; 4. darwmuneba. isargebleT am miznebis miRwevis teqnikuri

da strategiuli xerxebiT

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nafic msajulTa SerCevis dros gasaTvaliswinebeli zogierTi sakiTxi9

sasamarTlo procesis am etapisTvis prokurors/advokats dagegmili unda hqondes, Tu rogor waradgens saqmes, man unda icodes, Tu ra aris misi saqmis Tema/Teoria. metic, is faqto-brivad mzad unda iyos daskvniTi sityvis warmosadgenad.

prokurors/advokats mxolod maSin SeuZlia daiwyos naf-ic msajulTa kandidatebis gamokiTxvis dagegmva, roca mas ukve Sedgenili aqvs mTliani procesis gegma da SemuSavebuli aqvs strategia.

1. nafic msajulTa SerCeva morgebuli unda iyos mxaris poziciaze.

2. nafic msajulebad iseTi kandidatebi airCeva, romelTa mier mxaris poziciis gaziarebis albaToba maRalia.

dagegmeT msajulobis kandidatebis SerCevis procesi

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom yvela saqmeze erTi da imave xasi-aTis gamokiTxvis Catareba ar iqneba efeqturi. yovel konkretul saqmeze nafic msajulTa SerCevis procesi morgebuli unda iyos mxaris Teoriaze.

nafic msajulTa SerCevis Catarebis wesi

nafic msajulTa SerCevis mizania msajulTa ndobis mopoveba da Tqvensa, Tqvens klientsa da potenciur msajuls Soris urT-

9 `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ mad-lobas uxdis stefen renCs _ mosamarTleTa saxelmZRvanelos avtors, romlis nebarTviTac viyenebT winamdebare masalas. redaqtirebuli da modificirebulia `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier qarTul enaze.

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ierTobis damyareba. aseve mniSvnelovania:

1. mxaris mimarT arsebuli eWvis etapobrivad gafantva;

2. Tavis warmoCena, rogorc lideris, romelsac nafici msa-julebi SeiZleba endon;

aucilebelia dadebiTi pirovnebisa da kompetenturi iuris-tis (prokuroris/advokatis) Tvisebebis gamovlena, rogoricaa:

1. gulwrfeloba; 2. samarTlianoba; 3. daxmarebis gawevisTvis mzaoba; 4. yuradRebianoba; 5. humanuroba; 6. orientireba adamianebze da ara teqnikur sakiTxebze; 7. kompetenturoba;8. saqmis codna;9. simSvidisa da zomierebis SenarCuneba, raTa msajulebs

ar gauCndeT agresia da TqvenTan brZolis survili; um-jobesia, meti emocia gamoavlinoT jvaredini da daskvniTi sityvebis dros.

braldebulis personificireba (Tu dacvis mxares warmoadgenT, See-cadeT naficma msajulma braldebulSi dainaxos pirovneba)

dadebiTad ganewyveT Tqveni dacvis qveS myofis mimarT da daanaxeT es ganwyoba nafic msajulebs:

1. esaubreT mas; 2. usmineT; 3. SeexeT mas; 4. SesTavazeT wyali; 5. uzrunvelyaviT, rom naficma msajulebma braldebuli

ojaxis wevrebis garemocvaSi naxon. xSirad mimarTeT mas saxeliT. periodulad mimarTeT mas, rogorc `b-n gior-gis~. es miuTiTebs pativiscemaze braldebulis mimarT.

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gauziareT nafic msajulebs rame piradi informacia bral-debulis Sesaxeb, magaliTad is, rom `giorgi skolaSi TbilisSi, kekeliZis quCaze dadioda~.

ramdeni kiTxva davsvaT?

_ ar dasvaT arc erTi kiTxva konkretuli miznis gareSe. ar SegeSindeT imis, rom Zalian mokle droSi CaataroT gamokiTxva, radgan msajulebi advilad kargaven interess da yuradRebas. zogierTs hgonia (amerikuli samuSao eTikis an sxva mizezis gamo), rom rac mets isaubrebs, miT metad imsaxurebs gamarjvebas _ es araswori midgomaa. Tqven msajulebis ndobas moipovebT, Tu isini dainaxaven, rom roca fexze dgebiT ramis saTqmelad, raRac mniSvnelovans ambobT da Tqvens adgils ubrundebiT.

_ dasviT yvela mniSvnelovani da saWiro kiTxva;

_ gamoiyeneT kiTxvebi, romlebic mimarTulia msajulobis kandidatTa mTeli SemadgenlobisaTvis;

_ dausruleblad nu gaimeorebT erTsa da imaves. nacvlad amisa, xazi gausviT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs.

fsiqologiuri dakvirvebis meTodis gamoyenebiT, Tqven SeZlebT nafic msajulTa SerCevis teqnikis gaumjobesebas.

uambeT msajulebs Tqveni saqmisa da Zireuli principebis Sesaxeb Tu dacvis mxares warmoadgenT:

a. axseniT ZiriTadi principebi da warmoaCineT isini ara rogorc teqnikuri detalebi, aramed principebi, romlebic uz-runvelyofs usamarTlo msjavrdebis dauSveblobas.

b. ganmarteT, rom sistema, romelic icavs udanaSaulo pirs ukanono msjavrdebisagan, moicavs iseT Zireul principebs, ro-goricaa: _ mtkicebis tvirTis braldebis mxarisaTvis dakisreba,

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gonivrul eWvs miRma standarti, udanaSaulobis prezumfcia da msajulTa mier verdiqtis xmaTa umravlesobiT miReba. am prin-cipebis `gacocxlebis~ ZiriTadi problema aris is, rom Cven maT mxolod vaxmovanebT.

g. ganumarteT nafic msajulebs kanoni, romelsac Tqven eyrd-nobiT da auxseniT, rom igi saR azrs emyareba.

imuSaveT problemur sakiTxebze

yovel saqmes Tan axlavs garkveuli sirTuleebi, ramac Sesa-Zloa xeli SeuSalos samarTlianobis principis uzrunvelyofas, magaliTad, iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa:

1. rasobrivi da eTnikuri stereotipebi. 2. dacvis uflebis ganxorcilebis xelis SeSla (braldebu-

lis uflebebis darRveva an aseTi darRveviT mopovebuli mtkicebulebebis dasaSvebobis porblematika).

3. dacvis strategia _ braldebuli Seuracxadia da am sakiTxisadmi arsebuli uaryofiTi damokidebuleba.

4. braldebulis mier Cvenebis miucemloba. 5. sxva sakiTxebi, rasac Tqveni saqmis analizis dros ga-

moavlenT.

zogjer umjobesia ar axsenoT problema, Tu TvliT, rom SeZlebT sxva sakiTxebze gadaitanoT yuradReba ise, rom es problema saerTod ar amotivtivdes nafic msajulTa TaTbiris dros. TuUmosalodnelia, rom nafici msajulebi TaTbiris dros ganixilaven problemur sakiTxs, umjobesia, Tqven TviTon wamo-swioT igi da winaswar imuSaoT mis dasaZlevad. albaT yvelaze sasargeblo gadawyvetaa uTxraT msajulebs, rom arsebobs garkveuli problema, auxsnaT raSi mdgomareobs igi da aswav-loT misi gadawyvetis gza. SemoqmedebiTi midgomiTa da swori dagegmviT SesaZlebelia msajulTa ganwyoba TqvenTvis sasikeTod SemoabrunoT.

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nafic msajulTa SerCevisTvis saWiro informaciis moZieba

adamianebi sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvamen movlenebs. am aRqmazea damokidebuli yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi gadawyvetilebis miReba. Sesabamisad, yvelaze mniSvnelovania TiToeuli potenci-uri msajulis ganwyobis winaswar ganWvreta. TiToeuli po-tenciuri msajulis ganwyobis winaswar gansaWvretad saWiroa sakiTxs delikaturad da SemoqmedebiTad mivudgeT. amasTan er-Tad, gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi sakiTxebi:

1. SeiZleba pirdapir vkiTxoT msajulobis kandidats CvenT-vis raime problematuri da saintereso sakiTxis Sesaxeb, magram amas SesaZloa ar mohyves pirdapiri da gulwrfe-li pasuxi.

2. SesaZlebelia zogadi xasiaTi kiTxvebis dasma, rogoricaa misi prioritetebi pirad da samsaxurebriv cxovrebaSi, is Tu saidan Rebulobs informacias, misi hobi, orga-nizaciebi, romelSic gawevrianebulia, da a.S. da miRebuli informaciis mixedviT ganvsazRvroT misi xedva CvenTvis saintereso ZiriTad sakiTxze.

3. daakvirdiT araverbalur signalebs, xmis tembrs, uadgilo pauzas, romelic yoymanze miuTiTebs, braldebulisTvis Tvalis aridebas, mxardaWerisTvis mosamarTlis an porku-roris yurebas (an piriqiT, prokurorisaTvis Tvalis aridebas da dacvis mxaris mimarT simpaTiis gamoxatvas), sityvebis SerCevas, da a.S. Jestebs xSirad sityvebze me-tis Tqma SeuZliaT.

msajulobis kandidatebis gamokiTxva _ sasargeblo rCevebi1. nu CargavT Tavs nawerebSi da nu mihyvebiT zedmiwevniT fur-

celze Camoweril kiTxvebs. SesaZlebelia iqonioT sakiTxebis CamonaTvali furcelze, magram aucilebelia msajulobis kandidatebs esaubroT. Tu Tqven erT Temaze saubrobT da msajuli gadava sxva sakiTxze, romelic me-10 Temad gaqvT moniSnuli, gadadiT masze. mTavaria, sanam daasrulebT, yvela saWiro sakiTxze isaubroT. Tumca, yovelTvis pozitiurad daamTavreT.

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2. daakvirdiT araverbalur komunikacias. SesaZloa ar gqondeT gavlili specialuri kursi araverbalur komunikaciaSi, ma-gram Cven yvela eqspertebi varT am sferoSi. araverbalur signalebs mTeli cxovrebis manZilze vakvirdebiT da vSi-fravT. endeT sakuTar grZnobebs.

kiTxvebis saxeebi

1. mimaniSnebeli kiTxvebi

es aris kiTxva, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs pasuxs da pirisgan mxolod daTanxmebas an uaryofas moiTxovs. aseTi saxis kiTxvebi TiTqmis ar tovebs sxva arCevans, garda pasuxisa `diax~ an `ara~. amgvari kiTxvebi sasargebloa samarTlebriv princi-pebze SeTanxmebis misaRwevad, magram xels ar uwyobs msajulis mier sakuTari azris gamoxatvas.

2. Ria daboloebis kiTxvebi

es aris kiTxva, romelic msajuls SesaZleblobas aZlevs gamoTqvas azri garkveul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, `ras fiqrobT im adamianze, visac mkvlelobaSi edeba brali~?

prokurorma/advokatma unda gamoimuSaos unari dasvas Ria daboloebis kiTxvebi, Tu mas marTla surs gaicnos potenciuri nafici msajulebi.

msajulobis kandidatis dasabuTebuli acileba

safuZvlis gareSe msajulis daTxovnis ufleba Zalian Zvir-fasi uflebaa.

garkveul dros msajulobis kandidati ityvis raRac iseTs, rac SesaZlebels gaxdis mis dasabuTebul acilebas. amis Semdeg mosamarTle da prokurori/advokati xSirad ekiTxebian aseT msa-juls, ̀ magram Tqven SeZlebT iyoT samarTliani da miukerZoebeli, ase ar aris?~ razec msajuli dadebiTad pasuxobs.

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am problemis Tavidan asacileblad, saWiroa imuSaoT imaze, rom gaamyaroT (gamokveToT) msajulis pozicia da naTlad aTqme-vinoT mas sakuTari azri. daTanxmebis miReba SesaZlebelia Sem-degi gancxadebebis meSveobiT:

1. es ar aris zustad is, rac axlaxans gaifiqreT, xom asea? es sakiTxi Tqven namdvilad gaRelvebT, ase ar aris?

2. darwmunebuli var, rom veravin SeZlebs am sakiTxze azri SegacvlevinoT. es imisTvis keTdeba, rom msajulma veRar SeZlos poziciis Serbileba mosamarTlisa da proku-roris/advokatis mier dakiTxvis dros. am proceduris dacva uzrunvelyofs msajulis poziciis gamyarebas. msa-julis dasabuTebuli acilebisTvis gamoiyeneT jvaredini dakiTxvis teqnika.

ramdenime sasargeblo taqtikuri rCeva

1. braldebis mxares CamoacileT `mmarTveli Zalis~ aura: _ `gamoiWireT~ prokurori kanonis arasworad gadmoce-maSi da daayeneT protesti, romelsac dagikmayofilebT mosamarTle;

2. advokati marTlmsajulebis sistemis monawilea, iseve, ro-gorc prokurori;

3. am saqmeze aravis daudgenia piris braleuloba an arabraleuloba;

4. am sakiTxis gadawyveta mxolod msajulTa prerogativaa; 5. SearCieT konkretuli msajulebi konkretuli sakiTxebi-

sTvis; 6. gaamJRavneT saqmis araxelsayreli elementebi, raTa Sokis

efeqti aiciloT Tavidan. sisxlian suraTs aRar eqneba imdenad damangreveli efeqti, Tu msajulebi momzadebuli iqnebian amisTvis;

7. daajereT msajulebi, rom wardgenili braldeba umZimesia; 8. SeZlebisdagvarad daamZimeT msajulebis pasuxismgebloba; 9. daupirispireT msajulobis erTi kandidati meores.

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gansaxilveli sferoebis sakontrolo CamonaTvali

1. urTierToba an nacnoboba samarTaldamcavebTan; 2. warsulSi iyo danaSaulis msxverpli; msxverplis axlo

megobari an naTesavi; 3. msajulisa da misi meuRlis saqmianoba; 4. sxvadasxva organizaciaSi wevroba; 5. urTierToba/nacnoboba saqmeSi monawile pirebTan; 6. saqmis codna; 7. sajarooba; 8. saqmis viTarebis (SemTxvevis adgilis) codna; 9. konkretuli danaSaulis saxe da misi specifika; 10. msajulis codna/gamocdileba, romelic braldebis/dacvis

poziciisTvis sazianoa; 11. mowmis sandooba; 12. policielis Cvenebis Sefaseba; 13. mtkicebulebebze da ara varaudebze dafuZnebuli verdiq-

ti; 14. informacia ar aris mtkicebuleba; 15. rasobrivi/eTnikuri stereotipebi; 16. sakiTxi adre ar yofila gadawyvetili; 17. mZime pasuxismgebloba; 18. kanoni, romelic gamoiyeneba am saqmeze; 19. mtkicebis tvirTi braldebis mxares; 20. gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis dakmayofilebis

saWiroeba; 21. udanaSaulobis prezumfcia; 22. erTxmad miRebuli verdiqtis moTxovna/mniSvneloba; 23. msajulTa SerCevasTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri sxva

sakiTxi.

msajulTa SerCevis Svidi oqros wesi

1. prioriteti mianiWeT potenciur liderebs. liderebi gansazRvraven verdiqts;

2. miudeqiT gamoricxvis meTodiT da aicileT is, vinc

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yvelaze naklebad sasurvelia TqvenTvis; 3. iyaviT Zalian frTxili bolo an TiTqmis bolo dausab-

uTebeli acilebis gamoyenebisas; 4. ifiqreT imaze, Tu rogor dajgufdebian msajulebi da

yuradRebiT SeafaseT, Tu rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi; 5. Tu Tqveni mizania msajulebi ver SeTanxmdnen verdiqtze

(rasac amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi mosdevs xelaxali procesi), daakvirdiT da gamoarCieT, vin daupirispirdeba erTmaneTs;

6. hkiTxeT braldebuls, Tu ras fiqrobs msajulze, vinaidan ganwyoba SesaZloa ormxrivi iyos;

7. ZiriTadi wesi moiTxovs, rom sakuTari grZnobebis safuZ-velze gadawyvitoT, Tu rogor iqneba ganwyobili rome-lime konkretuli msajuli Tqveni poziciis mimarT.

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nafic msajulTa SerCevis sxdoma(mkvlelobis saqmeebze)10

qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels SesaZloa ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulaciebi, rac ganxilulia xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos Sem-dgenelTa azriT, maTi warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro metic, momavalSi saqarTveloSi dam-kvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da dacvis mxarisTvis.

nafici msajulebis kandidatebis SerCevis sxdomis mizania sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi monawileobisaTvis maTi mzaobis dadgena. mzaoba gulisxmobs, rom potenciuri nafici msajuli ara mxolod kanoniT dadgenil moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes, aramed emor-Cilebodes mosamarTlis miTiTebebs. amasTan, procesis monawile nafici msajulebi minimalur standartebs mainc unda akmayo-filebdnen. Cveulebriv mosamarTle SerCevis sxdomas swored imisTvis atarebs, rom uzrunvelyos nafici msajulebis mier am standartebis dakmayofileba. zogierTi sasamarTlo, konkre-tulad ki aSS-s federaluri sasamarTlo msajulTa SerCevis sxdomis dros mxareebs kiTxvebis dasmis uflebas saerTod ar aZlevs, anda mxolod SezRuduli raodenobis kiTxvebis dasmis

10 `rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saa-vtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saav-toro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saa-vtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilo-brivi an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi: 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: [email protected].

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nebas rTavs11. im sasamarTloSi, sadac daSvebulia msajulTa Ser-Cevis sxdomisas mxaris nafic msajulebTan gasaubreba, sxdoma ara mxolod nafici msajulebis mier kanonis moTxovnaTa dacvas amowmebs, aramed or damatebiT mizansac emsaxureba. pirveli damatebiTi mizani nafici msajulebisaTvis saqmis gacnoba da am saqmis kanonismieri regulirebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebaa. xolo meore mizani mxaris mier nafici msajulebis keTilganwyo-bis mopovebaa; sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, mxare nafici msajulebis ndobis mopovebas cdilobs. amavdroulad mxares saSualeba eZl-eva daakvirdes ramdenad keTilganwyobili, anda arakeTilganwyo-bilia potenciuri nafici msajuli konkretuli prokuroris/advokatis mimarT. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom gasaubrebis pro-cesSi ara mxolod advokati/prokurori akvirdeba potenciur nafic msajulebs da iqmnis STabeWdilebas maT Sesaxeb, aramed Tavad potenciuri msajulebic akvirdebian advokats/prokurors da iqmnian garkveul warmodgenas maTze. prokurors/advokats aseve SesaZlebloba aqvs daaskvnas potenciuri nafici msajuli romeli poziciisaken ufro metad ixreba an ra konkretuli Sexedulebaa misTvis misaRebi. Tuki mosamarTle msajuls obi-eqturi mikerZoebulobis Sesaxeb dausvams kiTxvas, advokatma/prokurorma unda gamoikvlios xom ar arsebobs subieqturi mikerZoebis safuZveli. im SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac msajulTa SesarCev sxdomas mTlianad mosamarTle atarebs, advokatis um-Tavresi funqciaa daakvirdes da CainiSnos potenciuri msajulis reaqciebi dasmul kiTxvaze da ara sinamdvileSi ara mxolod kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxi.

11 federaluri sasamarTlos centris mier 1994 wels Catarebuli kvleva. kvlevaSi 150 praqtikosma federalurma raionulma mosamarTlem miiRo monawileoba da Sedegad dadginda, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan mimarTe-baSi, mosamarTleebis 75% dacvis mxares nafic msajulTa SerCevis procesSi monawileobis uflebas saerTod ar aZlevs, anda didi SezRudviT aZlevs. advo-katis mier SerCevaSi aqtiurad monawileobis uflebas mxolod mosamarTleTa 9% iZleva. ix. Fed. R. Crim. Pro. 24(a), sadac gacxadebulia, rom sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs SearCios msajulebi, anda misces amis ufleba mxareebs. Tuki SerCevas sasamarTlo atarebs, man mxareebs mainc unda misces ufleba dasvan marTebuli damatebiTi kiTxvebi, anda es kiTxvebi sasamarTlos gadascen, raTa Tavad dasvas es SekiTxvebi.

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advokats/prokurors SeuZlia aseve daakvirdes potenci-uri msajulebis damokidebulebas sasjelis SefardebasTan, Tuki nafic msajulebs sasjelis Sefardebis gadawyvetilebis miRe-bac evalebaT. mkvlelobis saqmeebze, sadac sasjelis Sefardebis gadawyvetileba nafic msajulebs gamoaqvT (aSS-s praqtika), dac-vis mxare SesaZloa dadges dilemis winaSe, Tu ra moculobiT saubari iqneba sakmarisi potenciur sasjelTan dakavSirebiT msa-julTa SerCevis dros, ramdenadac, rac ufro met aqcents gaa-keTebs advokati potenciur sasjelze, miT ufro metad Seiqmneba STabeWdileba, rom dacvis mxare faqtobrivad moelis sasjelis Sefardebas. Tuki braldebuls uwinac aqvs Cadenili danaSauli, gansakuTrebiT ki mkvleloba, faqtobrivad advokati valdebulia SerCevis sxdomisas ganacxados amis Sesaxeb da gadaamowmos nafi-ci msajulebis damokidebuleba. Tuki braldebuls uwin Cadeni-li hqonda mkvleloba, maSin, ramdenad mosalodnelia, rom nafici msajulebi `avtomaturad~ sikvdiliT dasjas (aSS-s praqtika) dauWeren mxars, Tuki braldebuls kvlavac mkvlelobaSi damna-Saved cnoben? es aris ZiriTadi dilema, romlis winaSec dgas dacvis mxare mkvlelobis saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi nafic msajule-Ta SerCevis sxdomisaTvis mzadebis procesSi. im advokatebisaT-vis, visac SerCevis sxdomis Catarebis SesaZlebloba aqvT, bevri naSromi arsebobs, romelic nafici msajulebis SerCevis sxdomis CatarebasTan dakavSirebul mniSvnelovan rCevebs gvTavazobs.

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samodelo kiTxvebi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze nafic msajulTa SerCevisas12

winamdebare masala exeba gansazRvrul sakiTxebs, romlebic sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze nafic msajulTa SerCevisas aris saintereso. SekiTxvebis umravlesoba isea formulirebuli, rom konkretul pasuxs moiTxovs (diax an ara). aRniSvnebi `d~ _ (dacva) da `b~ _ (braldeba) gulisxmobs SekiTxvebs, romlebsac, savaraudod, `dacva~ an Sesabamisad `braldeba~ dasvams.

aRsaniSnavia, rom winamdebare dokumentSi zogierTi kiTxva miesadageba mxolod amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis marTlmsa-julebaSi arsebul dRevandel sinamdviles da naklebad _ qa-rTuls, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT, momavalSi saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Sedegad, es kiTxvebi aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebia da dacvis mxarisTvisac.

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom, radgan saxelmwifom pirs brali wauyena danaSaulis CadenaSi, igi, savaraudod, damnaSavea?

[d] is faqti, rom braldebuls danaSaulis CadenaSi sdeben brals, xom ar tovebs Tqvenze STabeWdilebas, rom igi savarau-dod damnaSavea?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Tu vinmes bralad danaSaulis Cadena edeba, maSin mas, savaraudod, raime kanondarRveva aqvs Cadenili?

12 nafic msajulTa kandidatebis SerCevis sxdomis kiTxvebi _ Sesworda da qarTul enaze iTargmna `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaeso-bis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. kiTxvebi amoRebulia amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier gamocemuli jefri T. frederikis wignidan `SerCevis sxdoma~. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmanis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asocia-cias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asocia-ciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: [email protected]

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[d] axla rom xmis micema (verdiqtis gamotana) mogiwioT, ro-gori iqneboda Tqveni arCevani? (acnobierebT Tu ara, rom bral-debuli udanaSauloa?).

[d] ra igrZeniT, rodesac gaigeT, rom [braldebulis saxeli] am danaSaulis CadenisTvis daapatimres?

[d] gqondaT Tu ara iseTi SegrZneba, rom saxelmwifom swored pirovneba daapatimra?

[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom zogjer udanaSaulo adamianebs damna-Saveebad cnoben im danaSaulisTvis, romlebic maT ar CaudeniaT?

mtkicebis tvirTi

[d] marTlmsajulebis Cvens sistemaSi braldebas ekisreba danaSaulis TiToeuli elementis gonivrul eWvs miRma damt-kicebis tvirTi. anu, braldebis movaleobaa, rom Tqven gonivrul eWvs miRma dagimtkicoT, rom braldebulma misTvis wayenebuli danaSauli Caidina. raime problema xom ar SegeqmnebodaT imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom braldebam es tvirTi unda gaswios?

[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi bralde-bulebma maTi udanaSauloba unda amtkicon?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom braldebulma Cveneba unda misces an mtkicebulebebi warmoadginos imisaTvis, rom igi udanaSaulod cnoT?

[d] rogori iqneba Tqveni damokidebuleba, Tu dacvis mxare araviTar mtkicebulebas ar warmoadgens?

[d] Tu dacvis mxare araviTar mtkicebulebas ar waradgens, amas braldebulis sawinaaRmdegod xom ar aRiqvamT? anu, xom ar ifiqrebT, rom braldebuli damnaSavea?

[d] moeliT Tu ara, rom dacvis mxarem braldebis poziciis mcdaroba unda daamtkicos?

iribi mtkicebulebebi

[b] sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas, konkretuli faqtis dadasturebis ori gza arsebobs. pirveli aris pirdapiri mt-kicebuleba, mtkicebuleba, romelic TavisTavad adasturebs faqts, magaliTad, TviTmxilveli mowmis gancxadebebi an nivTze vinmes

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TiTis anabeWdebi. xolo, konkretuli faqtis dadasturebis meore gza iribi mtkicebulebaa. iribi mtkicebulebebi moicavs faqtebs, romelTa safuZvelze Tqven askvniT, rom sxva faqts hqonda ad-gili. sailustraciod, Tu diliT gaiRviZebT da miwaze Tovli iqneba, romelic wina dRes ar iyo, Tqven daaskvniT, rom Rame Tovda. axla, am saqmeSi ar iqneba arc erTi pirdapiri mtkiceb-uleba, rom braldebulma dazaralebuli mokla; saqme irib mt-kicebulebebzea agebuli. Tu SeiZleba miTxariT, rogoria Tqveni damokidebuleba mxolod iribi mtkicebulebebis ganxilvasTan dakavSirebiT, romlis safuZvelzec unda gadawydes, mokla Tu ara braldebulma dazaralebuli?

[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom iribi mtkicebulebebi garkveul-wilad dabali xarisxis an susti mtkicebulebebia?

[b] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mxolod irib mtkicebulebebze age-buli saqme yovelTvis dagitovebT gonivrul eWvs braldebulis braleulobasTan dakavSirebiT?

[b] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mxolod irib mtkicebulebebze agebuli saqme yovelTvis dagitovebT raime eWvs braldebulis braleulobasTan dakavSirebiT?

[b] Tu Cven warmovadgenT irib mtkicebulebebs, romelTa safuZvelze Tqven gonivrul eWvs miRma daaskvniT, rom braldebu-li damnaSavea, SeikavebdiT Tu ara Tavs raimes gamo, iribi mtkice-bulebebis safuZvelze gamamtyunebeli verdiqtis gamotanisgan?

[b] SeikavebdiT Tu ara Tavs braldebulis mZime danaSaulis (rogoricaa mkvleloba) CadenaSi damnaSaved cnobisgan iseTi mt-kicebulebebis gareSe, rogoricaa ̀ dnm~, TiTis anabeWdebi an TviT-mxilveli mowme?

[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom mxolod iribi mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze braldebuli ar unda iyos damnaSaved cnobili?

[d] mocemul saqmeSi braldeba, savaraudod, waradgens irib mtkicebulebebs da Seecdeba dagarwmunoT, rom, saerTo jamSi, es mtkicebulebebi braldebulis brals gonivrul eWvs miRma adasturebs. axla, modiT, erTi wuTiT ganvixiloT iribi mtkiceb-ulebebi, radgan zogjer maT ufro Zlieri efeqti aqvT, vidre es sinamdvileSia. davuSvaT, Tqven Senobis ukan SeuxvieT da miwaze daSavebuli pirovneba dainaxeT. dazaralebulis gverdiT dgas mamakaci, romelsac xelSi joxi uWiravs da romelic misken aris

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gadaxrili. uamravi adamianis pirveli STabeWdileba iqneboda Semdegi: „dazaralebulis gverdiT Tavdamsxmeli dgas.“ Tumca, Se-giZliaT Tu ara mouZebnoT sxva axsna mamakacs, romelic joxiT xelSi dainaxeT (magaliTad, mamakaci swored axla movida dana-Saulis Cadenis adgilas da miwidan joxi aiRo)?

[d] saerTo jamSi, rogoria Tqveni STabeWdileba irib mt-kicebulebebTan dakavSirebiT?

[d] prokuroris mier aRweril Tovlis scenarSi, Tqveni pirveladi daskvna, rom Rame Tovda, xom ar Seicvleboda im Sem-TxvevaSi, Tu dainaxavdiT xelovnuri Tovlis mosafrqvev manqa-nas quCaSi?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom iribi mtkicebulebebi didi si-frTxiliT unda iyos ganxiluli, radgan maT SesaZloa mcdari STabeWdilebebi gamoiwvion?

mtkicebis standarti[b] rogorc am saqmeze momuSave prokurors, me mevaleba da-

vamtkico gonivrul eWvs miRma, rom braldebulma Caidina dana-Sauli, risTvisac mas brali aqvs wayenebuli. mraval Tqvengans dRemde gaugonia fraza „gonivrul eWvs miRma“ _ SesaZloa tele-viziidan an sasamarTlo procesebis Sesaxeb wakiTxuli liter-aturidan. es aris sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, sasamarTloebSi gamoyenebuli mtkicebis standarti. rogorc TviTon fraza mian-iSnebs, es aris gonivruli standarti. Cveni saRi azridan gamom-dinare, sruliad gonivrulia, rom Cven gaviqarwyloT nebismieri seriozuli Tu gonivruli eWvi, romelic SeiZleba gvqondes braldebulis bralTan dakavSirebiT. da Cven asec moviqceviT. Tumca, msurs SegaxsenoT, rom standarti ar aris „aragonivrul eWvs miRma“. rogorc mogvianebiT mosamarTle agixsniT, Cven ar unda gavaqarwyloT yvela SesaZlo da umniSvnelo eWviaramed mxolod nebismieri safuZvliani an seriozuli eWvi. raimes gamo Tavs xom ar SeikavebdiT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanisgan, Tu Cven am standarts davicavT?

[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac CaT-vliT, rom braldebulis braleuloba gonivrul eWvs miRmaa damtkicebuli, Tqven raime mizezis gamo ar moisurvebdiT gamam-tyunebeli ganaCenis gamotanas?

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[d] miiCnevdiT Tu ara, rom gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis argamota-nis SemTxvevaSi Tqveni samuSao garkveulwilad ver Sesrulda an Seusrulebeli darCa?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom im SemTxvevaSic ki, rodesac CaTvliT, rom braldebulis braleuloba gonivrul eWvs miRma ar aris damtkicebuli, Tqven raime mizezis gamo ar moisurvebdiT gama-marTlebeli ganaCenis gamotanas?

sasamarTlo ganxilvamde saqmesTan dakavSirebiTmiRebuli informacia

[b],[d] am saqmesTan dakavSirebiT (zustad gadaeciT saqmis aRweriloba) xom ar gagigoniaT raime radioSi an wagikiTxavT gazeTSi, ginaxavT televizorSi, internetSi, an gisaubriaT mego-brebTan an TanamSromlebTan?

[b],[d] Tu SeiZleba, mokled momiyeviT Tu ra gaxsendebaT iqi-dan, rac gaigoneT, naxeT an ris Taobazec isaubreT.

[b],[d] ra azrma gagielvaT gonebaSi, rodesac waikiTxeT/ gaigoneT/naxeT ambis [konkretuli movlenisa da Semdgomi movle-nebis/ ambebis] Sesaxeb?

[b] ra ifiqreT braldebulis Sesaxeb, rodesac am ambebis Tao-baze waikiTxeT/gaigoneT/SeityveT?

[d] sanam dRes sasamarTloSi mobrZandebodiT, ras fiqrobdiT saqmis an [braldebulis saxeli] Taobaze?

[b],[d] SegeqmnaT Tu ara raime STabeWdileba imasTan dakav-SirebiT, Tu ra moxda?

[b],[d] iqidan gamomdinare, Tu ra SeityveT an raze isaubreT Tqvens megobrebTan an TanamSromlebTan, SegeqmnaT Tu ara raime STabeWdilebebi imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra moxda?

[b],[d] es konkretulad ra STabeWdilebebia?

motivi

[b] saxelmwifom am saqmeSi araviTari motivis arseboba ar unda amtkicos. migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Tqven mier braldebulis damnaSaved cnobamde saxelmwifom Tqven raime motivis arseboba

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unda dagimtkicoT? [d] ewinaaRmdegeba Tu ara vinme im mosazrebas, rom motivis

ararseboba SeiZleba braldebulis udanaSaulobis ganmsazRvre-li faqtori iyos?

saqmis xelaxali ganxilva (verdiqtis gamotanis SeuZlebloba nafic msajulTa mier verdiqtze SeuTanxmeblobis gamo)

[b] Tu braldebam braldebuls brali wauyena da verdiqti ver iqna gamotanili nafic msajulTa mier verdiqtze SeuTanx-meblobis gamo, fiqrobT Tu ara, rom usamarTlo iqneboda, Tu braldeba mas brals xelmeored wauyenebs?

[d] Tu Tavdapirvel sasamarTlo procesze verdiqti ver iqna gamotanili nafic msajulTa mier verdiqtze SeuTanxmeblobis gamo, migaCniaT Tu ara, rom amis gamo, savaraudod, braldebuli damnaSavea?

braldebulis mier Cvenebis armicema

[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi Tavis dasacavad braldebulma aucileblad unda misces Cveneba?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom braldebuli valdebulia momxdar-Tan dakavSirebiT sakuTari pozicia ganmartos?

[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi bral-debulebi, romlebic Tavis dasacavad Cvenebas ar aZleven, savarau-dod, damnaSaveni arian?

[d] Tu braldebuli Cvenebas ar miscems, CaTvlidiT Tu ara amas braldebulis savaraudo braleulobis damadasturebel mt-kicebulebad?

[d] rogori STabeWdileba SegeqmnebodaT im braldebulebze, romlebic Tavis dasacavad Cvenebas ar miscemdnen?

[d] rogori STabeWdileba SegeqmnebodaT braldebulze, ro-melic sasamarTlo sxdomaze Cvenebas ar miscemda?

[d] SeZlebdiT Tu ara [braldebulis saxeli] udanaSaulod cnobas [wayenebuli danaSaulebis CadenaSi], Tu igi Cvenebas ar

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miscems momxdarTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari poziciis ganmartebis mizniT?

[d] ifiqrebdiT Tu ara, rom igi raimes damalvas cdilobda?

eTnikuri warmomavloba an rasizmi

[b],[d] ras niSnavs TqvenTvis fraza „eTnikuri stereotipi~ an „rasobrivi stereotipi~?

[b],[d] ras fiqrobT sxvadasxva eTnosis an rasis warmomadge-nel-Ta Soris qorwinebaze?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom sxva eTnikuri an rasobrivi jgufis warmomadgenlebi ufro metad an naklebad Caidenen dana-Sauls, vidre qarTvelebi? ratom?

[b],[d] swavlis an samuSaos gareT, ramdenad gaqvT socialuri kontaqti gansxvavebuli eTnikuri an rasobrivi warmomavlobis adamianebTan?

[b],[d] grZnobT Tu ara Tavs arakomfortulad garkveuli eTnikuri an rasobrivi jgufebis warmomadgenlebis garemoSi? gangicdiaT Tu ara sxva eTnikuri an rasobrivi jgufis warmo-madgenlis SiSi?

[b],[d] rasobrivi an eTnikuri cru Sexedulebebi zogjer gamoixateba iarliyebSi an stereotipebSi, romlebic garkveuli rasobrivi an eTnikuri jgufebis aRweris mizniT gamoiyeneba. ra-sobrivi an eTnikuri warsulis gamo Tqvens, Tqveni ojaxis wevris an axlo megobris mimarT odesme xom ar gamouyenebiaT aseTi saxis iarliyebi an stereotipebi?

[b],[d] zogadad, migaCniaT Tu ara, rom Cveni sazogadoeba yvela eTnikur da rasobriv jgufs Tanabrad epyroba?

[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom zogierTi eTnikuri an rasobrivi jgufi ufro ZalmomreobiT xasiaTdeba, vidre sxvebi?

[b],[d] Tqvens ojaxSi, farTo gagebiT, arian Tu ara gansxvave-buli rasis, eTnikurobis an mrwamsis mqone wevrebi?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom dazaralebuli an diskriminire-buli jgufebi imave kanonieri uflebebiT unda sargeblobdnen, rogorc sxva jgufebi?

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kriminaluri dajgufebebi/kriminaluri dajgufebebis saqmianoba

(qvemoT mocemuli SekiTxvebi kriminaluri dajgufebebis Sesaxeb kanonier qurdebsac moicavs.)

[b],[d] iciT Tu ara kriminaluri dajgufebebis raime saqmi-anobis Sesaxeb Tqvens samezobloSi, qalaqSi, dabaSi an sofelSi?

[b],[d] gqoniaT Tu ara odesme Tqven an Tqvens axlobel ada-mians raime problema romelime kriminalur dajgufebasTan an dajgufebis wevrebTan?

[b],[d] xom ar gqoniaT raime Sexeba romelime kriminalur dajgufebasTan an xom ar yofila Tqveni nacnobi/ojaxis wevri aseTi dajgufebis wevri an mis saqmianobaSi Cabmuli?

[b],[d] xom ar gangicdiaT Tqven an Tqvens nacnobs SiSi samarTaldamcavebisTvis kriminaluri dajgufebebis saqmianobis Taobaze informaciis miwodebas-Tan dakavSirebiT?

[b] gaxsendebaT Tu ara raime situacia, rodesac pirovnebam ar moisurva samarTaldamcavebisTvis danaSaulis Taobaze simar-Tlis Tqma samagieros miz-Rvis an raime sxva SiSis gamo? Tu diax, ra saxis situaciebi gagaxsendaT?

braldebulis/mowmeebis qceva

(ZiriTadad dacvaze orientirebuli SekiTxvebi)

cxovrebis stili

warmodgenili iqneba mtkicebuleba, rom [braldebulis sax-eli] eswreboda wveulebas, sadac narkotikebs moixmardnen. is faqti, rom igi am wveulebaze iyo, xom ar gafiqrebinebdaT, rom mas raime cudi unda Caedina? dauSvebdiT amis gamo, rom igi damnaSavea?

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alkoholizmi/narkomania

[b],[d] svamT Tu ara xandaxan raime saxis alkoholur sa-smels?

[b],[d] xom ar gaqvT raime saxis religiuri an moraluri Sexedulebebi alkoholuri sasmelebis gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg?

[b],[d] xom ar gaqvT uaryofiTi damokidebuleba maTTan mimarTebaSi, vinc alkoholur sasmelebs moixmars?

[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom alkoholis (narkotikebis) mox-marebas pirovnebis azrovnebis daqveiTeba SeuZlia?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom SeiZleba pirovnebam imdeni alko-holi (narkotikebi) moixmaros, rom aRar icodes, ras akeTebs?

[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi alkohol-is (narkotikebis) intensiurma moxmarebam SesaZloa pirovnebis tvini daazianos?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom SeiZleba adamianebi alkohols (narkotikebs) imis gasamarTleblad moixmaren, rom sakuTar saqcielze aRar iyvnen pasuxismgebelni?

[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom SesaZlebelia pirovneba ganic-dides intensiur Trobas, Tumca ar iyos gaTiSuli an jer gon-eba ar hqondes dakarguli da amave dros, man icodes (an unda icodes) Tu ras akeTebs?

[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom alkoholis (narkotikebis) inten-siurma moxmarebam SesaZloa, savaraudod, pirovnebis araraciona-luri qceva gamoiwvios?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom alkoholis (narkotikebis) in-tensiurma moxmarebam SesaZloa pirovnebas iseTi ram gaakeTebi-nos, risi gakeTebac mas sinamdvileSi ar surda?

[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom alkoholi mxolod garkveul SezRudvebs xsnis da sinamdvileSi araracionalur qcevas ar iwvevs?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom SeuZlebelia pirovnebam imdeni alkoholi moixmaros, rom aRar icodes, ras akeTebs?

[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom fizikuri dauZlurebis niS-nebi (magaliTad, koordinaciis nakleboba an areuli metyvele-ba) erTaderTi saSualebaa imis dasadgenad, rom pirovnebis az-rovnebis unarze gavlena alkoholis (narkotikebis) moxmarebam

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iqonia? sxva romeli saSualeba gaxsendebaT? [b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom alkoholikis (narkomanis) mier

wlebis ganmavlobaSi alkoholis (narkotikebis) intensiurma moxmarebam SesaZloa misi saRad azrovnebis unari daaqveiTos?

[b],[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom pirovneba, romelic alkohols (narkotikebs) moixmars, garemoebebisda miuxedavad, pasuxs unda agebdes sakuTar qmedebebze?

saproceso SeTanxmeba. imuniteti. gansakuTrebuli mopyroba

[b],[d] ras fiqrobT saxelmwifos mier im mowmeebis gamoy-enebaze, romlebic, savaraudod, zogierT wayenebul danaSaulSi monawileobdnen da romlebmac maTi TanamSromlobis sanacvlod saxelmwifosTan saproceso SeTanxmeba gaaformes?

[d] ras fiqrobT saxelmwifos mier im mowmeebis gamoyenebaze, romlebsac am saqmeSi brali ar aqvT wayenebuli, magram, rom-lebmac SesaZloa saxelmwifosgan xelsayreli pirobebi miiRon sakuTar sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi?

[d] ras fiqrobT saxelmwifos praqtikaze, rodesac is garkveuli danaSaulis CadenaSi braldebulebs sTavazobs „sap-roceso SeTanxmebis“ (Semcirebuli sasjelis SeTavazeba) gafor-mebas sasamarTloSi Cvenebis micemis sanacvlod, im sxva bral-debulis winaaRmdeg, romelsac imave danaSaulis CadenaSi edeba brali?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, radgan mowme saxelmwifos sasarge-blod aZlevs Cvenebas, igi simarTles ambobs?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom kriminalebma SesaZloa moityuon, raTa saxelmwifosgan ukeTesi garigeba (an Semcirebuli sasjeli) miiRon?

[d] rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad savaraudoa, rom braldebul-ma, romelsac misi Cvenebis sanacvlod saproceso SeTanxmebas uformeben, motyuebiT daadana-Saulos vinme danaSaulis CadenaSi, raTa sakuTari sasjeli Seimciros?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, radgan saxelmwifo xelsayrel pi-robebs sTavazobs kriminals, romelic sxva pirovnebis winaaRmdeg aZlevs Cvenebas, aseTi Cveneba yovelTvis marTali iqneba?

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[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom, rodesac braldebuli, romelmac danaSauli Caidina da romelsac misi Cvenebis sanacvlod sap-roceso SeTanxmeba gauformes, sxva pirovnebas imave danaSaulSi monawileobas abralebs, es sxva pirovneba, savaraudod, damnaSavea?

[d] Tqveni azriT, ramdenad sandoa im mowmeebis Cveneba, rom-lebmac danaSaulis Cadena aRiares da braldebasTan saproceso SeTanxmebebi gaaformes, ris safuZvelzec maTi TanamSromlobisa da Cvenebis sanacvlod SesaZloa sasjeli Seimsubuqon?

[d] ras fiqrobT im mowmeebze, romlebmac Cvenebis sanacvlod SesaZloa fuli an saxelmwifos mxridan gansakuTrebuli piro-bebi miiRon maTi mxridan simarTlis Tqmis mzaobis SemTxvevaSi?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom saxelmwifo ar moiyvanda mowmes, Tu misi saTqmeli simarTle ar iqneboda?

[b] am saqmeSi SesaZloa moisminoT TanamSromlobaze wamosu-li braldebulebis Cvenebebi, romlebmac braldebasTan saproceso SeTanxmebebi gaaformes. braldebulis TanamSromlobis mosamar-Tliseuli Sefasebis Sedegad braldebulma SesaZloa Semcirebu-li sasjeli miiRos. migaCniaT Tu ara, rom saxelmwifos mxridan aramarTebulia saproceso SeTanxmebis im mizniT gaformeba, rom mowmes SezRuduli an Semcirebuli sasjeli Seufardon?

[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom avtomaturad ar daujerebdiT an ar gaiTvaliswinebdiT iseTi mowmis Cvenebas, romelmac aseTi Se-Tanxmeba gaaforma?

[d] ras fiqrobT im braldebulTa Cvenebebis Sesaxeb, romle-bic maTi Cvenebebis sanacvlod garigebebSi Sedian?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom braldebuli moityueboda sxvebTan dakavSirebiT im imediT, rom Semcirebuli sasjeli mieRo?

[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom, radgan braldeba sasamarTlo sx-domaze hkiTxavs braldebuls, romelmac saproceso SeTanxmeba gaaforma, aseTi mowme (anu es braldebuli) simarTles unda ambobdes?

[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom braldebuls, romelic saproceso Se-Tanxmebas aformebs, aqvs sakmarisi mizezi Tqvas is, risi gagonebac prokurors surs?

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damnaSaveebi/informatorebi, romlebic sxvebs danaSaulis Cadenisken aqezeben

[b] ras fiqrobT samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier informa-torebis gamoyenebaze Cvens sazogadoebaSi danaSaulebrivi saqmi-anobis gamoaSkaravebis mizniT?

[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom mxolod imis gamo, rom piri Car-Tuli iyo danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi, ver iqneba sando mowme sxvaTa danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis Taobaze Cvenebis micemisas?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom kriminalebma SesaZloa vinme ukanono saqmianobaSi CaiTrion, Tu Sedegad es kriminalebi met fuls an nakleb sapatimro vadas miiReben?

[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom Tu kriminalebs fuls uxdian an isi-ni xelsayrel pirobebs iReben, maT aqvT namdvili wamaxalisebeli mizezi uTxran policias is, risi gagonebac policias surs?

biznesmenTa an ofisis muSakTa mier Cadenili ekonomikuri dana-Saulebi

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, Tu kompania da misi mowileebi didi raodenobiT fuls kargaven, es imas niSnavs, rom vinmem da-naSauli Caidina?

[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom msxvili korporaciebis finansuri da sabuRaltro praqtikis saxelmwifos mxridan regulireba Zalze mkacria, arasakmarisad mkacria Tu rogoric saWiroa, zus-tad iseTia?

[d] odesme biznesgarigebis dros xom ar moutyuebixarT an SecdomaSi SeuyvanixarT vinmes?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom kompaniis sxva TanamSromlebis mier danaSaulis aRiareba im faqtze uTiTebs, rom, savaraudod, mTavari aRmasrulebeli direqtoric aseve damnaSavea?

[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom Tu kompaniis ufro dabali rangis TanamSromlebisTvis cnobilia gadacdomis Sesaxeb, maSin, savarau-dod, amis Sesaxeb mTavarma aRmasrulebelma direqtormac icis?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kompaniis aRmasrulebeli pirebi-sTvis kanoni pasuxismgeblobis ufro did dones unda iTval-

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iswinebdes sxva TanamSromlebTan SedarebiT im martivi mizezis gamo, rom maT kompaniis aRmasrulebeli Tanamdebobebi uWiravT?

[d] SesaZleblad migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kompaniaSi mniS-vnelovani danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba xorcieldebodes da amis Sesaxeb mTavarma aRmasrulebelma direqtorma araferi icodes?

politikuri/sajaro korufcia

[b] miiCnevT Tu ara mniSvnelovan sakiTxad kanonis darRvevebs kompaniebis dafinansebis Sesaxeb?

[b],[d] ras fiqrobT politikuri miznebisTvis finansebis moZiebaze?

[b] raime uaryofiTi damokidebuleba xom ar gaqvT samarTal-damcavi organoebis TanamSromelTa mier saidumlo agentebis gamoyenebis mimarT, rodesac isini sajaro Tanamdebobis pirebs sajaro korufciis saqmeebis gamoZiebisas ukavSirdebian?

[b] ras fiqrobT im pirebze, romlebic politikuri kandi-datebis kampaniebisTvis didi odenobis Tanxebis mobilizebas ax-denen?

[b] ras fiqrobT biznes subieqtebis im praqtikaze, rodesac isini saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis pirebTan socialuri an poli-tikuri kavSirebis mqone pirovnebebs qiraoben kanonebze da/an regulaciebze gavlenis moxdenis mizniT?

[d] miiCnevT Tu ara cxovrebiseul kanonad im faqts, rom adamianebis warmatebuli kariera imazea damokidebuli, Tu vis icnoben isini?

[d] aramarTebulad migaCniaT Tu ara, rodesac adamianebi maTi politikuri, socialuri an biznes kavSirebis Tu megobrobis Sedegad finansur sargebels iReben?

[d] marTebulad migaCniT Tu ara, rodesac pirovneba kompaniis mier saxelmwifosTan kontraqtis warmatebiT dadebaSi gaweuli daxmarebisTvis Sesabamis kompensacias iRebs?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebis Tanam-Sromlebi ufro maRal moralur standartebs unda akmayo-filebdnen, vidre sxva adamianebi?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom sajaro moxeleebi ufro maRal moralur standartebs unda akmayofilebdnen, vidre sxva adamianebi?

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[d] saerTo jamSi, ras fiqrobT parlamentis an mTavrobis wevrTa eTikisa da patiosnebis Sesaxeb?

[b],[d] rogoria Tqveni Sexedulebebi politikosTa da sajaro moxeleTa Sesaxeb?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom politikosebi da sajaro moxeleebi zogadad sando an arasandoni arian?

prokuroris/advokatis mxridan protestis gamoTqma

[b],[d] sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas me zogjer gamovTqvam protests procesualur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT da sasamarTlo gadawyvets, ramdenad safuZvliani iqneba gamoTqmuli protesti. es Cemi samuSaos nawilia. raime problema xom ar geqnebaT am gamoTqmul protestTan dakavSirebiT?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom rac iTqmeba, Tqvens yuradRebas daimsaxurebs?

[b],[d] SeZlebT Tu ara es saqme gadawyvitoT mxolod imis safuZvelze, rasac mowmeebi Cvenebis micemisas ityvian da ara imaze fiqriT, Tu ratom iyo protesti gamoTqmuli?

mkacri jvaredini dakiTxva

[b],[d] braldebis/dacvis mowmeebis mier Cvenebis micemisas me meqneba Sesa-Zlebloba davkiTxo es mowmeebi, raTa maTgan miviRo is informacia, romelic, Cemi azriT, Tqven unda icodeT. zogjer momiwevs viyo sakmaod Seupovari da daJinebuli. Sevecdebi viyo Tavaziani mowmeebis mimarT, magram SesaZloa momiwios viyo Sem-tevic. raime problemas xom ar SegiqmnidaT is faqti, rom me SeiZleba mowme `Semtevi maneriT~ davkiTxo?

iuristi braldebuli

[d] unda akmayofilebdes Tu ara braldebuli, romelic iuristia an romelsac iuridiuli ganaTleba aqvs miRebuli, gansxvavebul samarTlebriv an eTikur standartebs sxva bralde-bulebTan SedarebiT?

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[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom prokurorebi/advokatebi ufro maRal moralur standartebs unda akmayofilebdnen, vidre sxva adamianebi?

[b],[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, rodesac vinmem SesaZloa am sasamarTlo procesis SedegiT ixeiros, es faqti gaTvaliswineb-uli unda iyos am pirovnebis mier simarTlis TqmisaTvis mzady-ofnis Sefasebisas?

[b],[d] Tqveni azriT, romeli mniSvnelovani faqtorebi gansaz-Rvravs, Cvenebis micemisas pirovneba simarTles ambobs Tu ara?

[b],[d] gaiTvaliswinebdiT Tu ara mowmis qcevis maneras imis Sesafaseblad, igi simarTles ambobs Tu ara?

[b],[d] mowmis Cvenebis simarTlis dadgenis mizniT, gaiTval-iswinebdiT Tu ara imas, Tu ra SeiZleba man Cvenebis micemis sanacvlod miiRos?

[b],[d] mowmis Cvenebis sandoobis dadgenisas, ramdenad mniS-vnelovania imis gaTvaliswineba, rom mowmeebi Cvenebis micemis sanacvlod raime sargeblis miRebas elian?

[b] sxva mowmeebTan SedarebiT ufro metad Tu naklebad daujerebdiT iseTi mowmis Cvenebas, romelmac danaSauli aRiara da axla Cvenebas aZlevs im pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTac imave movlenebis safuZvelze danaSaulebis CadenaSi sdeben brals?

[d] sxva mowmeebTan SedarebiT ufro metad Tu naklebad daujerebdiT iseTi mowmis Cvenebas, romelsac braldebis mxare gamoiZaxebs?

[d] sxva mowmeebTan SedarebiT ufro metad Tu naklebad daujerebdiT iseTi mowmis Cvenebas, romelsac dacvis mxare gamoiZaxebs?

eqsperti mowmeebi: fsiqikuri janmrTelobis sferos specialistebi

[b],[d] ras fiqrobT fsiqikuri janmrTelobis sferos spe-cialistebis SesaZleblobaze Seicnon adamianis goneba?

[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom fsiqikuri janmrTelobis spe-cialistebis mosazrebebi mxolod subieqturi Sexedulebebia, romlebic seriozul doneze gaTvaliswinebas ar imsaxurebs?

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ramdenime braldebuli

[d] saqmeSi ramdenime braldebulis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, daijerebdiT Tu ara, rom erT-erTi braldebulis damnaSaveobis SemTxvevaSi, isini yvela damnaSaveebi unda iyvnen?

[d] SeZlebdiT Tu ara gageTvaliswinebinaT mxolod is mt-kicebulebebi, romlebic konkretul braldebuls exeba, da ara mtkicebulebaTa erToblioba, romelic TiTqos yvela bralde-buls exeba?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom SeZlebT TiToeuli braldebulis cal-calke ganxilvas da rom mosTxovoT prokurors TiToeuli braldebulis braleulobis gonivrul eWvs miRma cal-calke damtkiceba?

ramdenime braldeba

[d] is faqti, rom pirovnebas SesaZloa ramdenime braldeba hqondes wayenebuli, xom ar gafiqrebinebT, rom igi raRacaSia damnaSave?

samarTaldamcav organoTa muSakebis qmedebebi/gamoZiebis teqnika

[b] ras fiqrobT danaSaulebriv saqmianobaSi CarTuli pirebis gamovlenis mizniT socialur garemoSi agentebis Canergvis op-eraciebis gamoyenebaze?

[b] mocemuli procesis dros Tqven moismenT policiis ofi-cris Cvenebas, romelic am saqmeze mtkicebulebebis mopovebis mizniT saidumlo agentis funqciebs axorcielebda. gaqvT Tu ara raime piradi Sexeduleba aseTi saxis saqmianobasTan dakav-SirebiT, ris safuZvelzec Tavs SeikavebdiT am Cvenebis miRebisgan mxolod im martivi mizezis gamo, rom is saidumlo operaciis Sedegad iyo mopovebuli?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom policiisTvis ufro mniSvnelovania eZios simarTle, vidre ubralod is, rom Seecados damnaSaved cnos braldebuli?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebis zogi-

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erTma TanamSromelma SesaZloa ganzrax damalos mtkicebuleba, raTa braldebulis damnaSaved cnobas miaRwios?

[d] aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni azriT, ramdenad xSirad SeiZleba samarTaldamcavi organoebis zogierTma Tanam-Sromelma ganzrax damalos mtkicebuleba, raTa braldebulis damnaSaved cnobas miaRwios?

[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom policiis oficeri Seecdeboda xeli SeeSala dacvis mxarisTvis Rirebuli mtkicebulebebis mopove-baSi, raTa braldebulis poziciisTvis dabrkolebebi Seeqmna?

[d] yofilxarT Tu ara iseTi incidentis momswre, rodesac policiis oficrebma gamoiyenes Zala vinmes dapatimrebis an sx-vagvarad dakavebis mizniT?

[d] ra STabeWdileba datoves Tqvenze incidentSi monawile policielebma?

[b] gaqvT Tu ara raime problema im policielis sisxlissa-marTlebriv devnasTan an dasjasTan dakavSirebiT, romelsac bra-li dapatimrebis mizniT gamoyenebuli Zalis gadametebaSi edeba?

[d] gaiTvaliswinebdiT Tu ara konkretuli situaciis yvela garemoebas erToblivad manam, sanam daadgendiT, policiis ofi-cris qmedebebis marTebulobas?

[b] miuxedavad imisa, rom samarTaldamcav organoTa Tanam-Sromlebi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben sazogadoebis dacvaSi, miiCnevT Tu ara, rom isini kanonis winaSe ufro metad ar ari-an privilegirebuli, vidre rigiTi moqalaqeebi, rodesac brali ukanono gamoZiebis CatarebaSi an Cvenebis micemaSi edebaT?

[b] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom prokurorebi gamamtyunebeli ganaCe-nis mopovebiT ufro arian dainteresebuli, vidre imis dadgeniT, Tu ra moxda sinamdvileSi?

[d] is faqti, rom dapatimrebul pirs daartyes, miganiSnebdaT Tu ara, rom mis winaaRmdeg Zalis gadametebas hqonda adgili?

[d] Tqveni azriT, romeli faqtorebis codna iqneboda mniS-vnelovani imis dasadgenad, aris Tu ara policiis oficeri Zalis gadametebaSi damnaSave?

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TviTmxilveli mowmis Cveneba

[b] mocemul saqmeSi Cven warmogidgenT ramdenime TviTmxil-vel mowmes, romlebic TqvenTvis zustad aRweren imas, rac im dRes sakuTari TvaliT naxes. raime Sexeduleba xom ar gaqvT Camoyalibebuli TviTmxilveli mowmeebis CvenebasTan dakavSire-biT, ris safuZvelzec gagirTuldebodaT maT mier ficis qveS dadebuli Cvenebis saTanadod gaTvaliswineba?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom garkveul garemoebebSi TviTmxilve-li mowmis mexsiereba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra moxda, Sesa-Zloa ar iyos zusti? SegiZliaT Tu ara momiyvanoT zogierTi garemoeba, Tu rodis SeiZleba TviTmxilvelma mowmem dauSvas gulwrfeli Secdoma imasTan mimarTebaSi, rac momxdarTan daka-vSirebiT axsovs?

samarTaldamcav organoTa TanamSromlebis Cveneba

[d] policielis sityvas ufro daujerebdiT Tu sxva mow-meebis?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom zogierTma policielma sasamarT-loSi Cvenebis micemisas SesaZloa icruos an simarTle damalos?

d] sxva mowmeebis CvenebebTan SedarebiT, policielTa Cvene-bebs ufro me-tad, naklebad Tu Tanabrad damajereblad miiCnevT.

gansaxilveli mtkicebuleba

[b] sasamarTloze warmodgenili iqneba faruli Canawerebi, romlebic am saqmeSi braldebulis saubrebs (am saqmis konkre-tul aspeqtTan dakavSirebiT) asaxavs. ras fiqrobT am saxis sasamarTlo procesze saubrebis Canawerebis gamoyenebasTan da-kavSirebiT?

[b] SesaZloa warmodgenili iyos braldebulis foto fizi-kuri TvalTvalis, iseve rogorc misi saxlis da/an samsaxuris adgilis Cxrekis Sedegad mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi. ras fiqrobT aseT TvalTvalTan an kerZo sakuTrebis CxrekasTan

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dakavSirebiT? [b] SesaZloa warmodgenili iyos Camweri mowyobilobebis meS-

veobiT Cawerili saubrebidan mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi. ras fiqrobT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi kerZo saubrebis aseTi Canawerebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT?

[b] SeikavebdiT Tu ara Tavs raimes gamo aseTi mtkicebule-bebis gaTvaliswinebisgan, rodesac braldebulis damnaSaveobasa Tu udanaSaulobaze imsjelebdiT?

[b] ras fiqrobT danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis faruli gamoZiebisas faruli video da audioCanawerebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT?

[d] braldebis mxare warmoadgens audioCanawerebs, romlebic TiTqos braldebulis mxridan garkveul danaSaulebriv saqmi-anobaze uTiTebs. Tu Tqven nafici msajuli iqnebiT, SeZlebT Tu ara yuradRebiT mousminoT da gaiTvaliswinoT zustad is, Tu ra iTqmeba am CanawerebSi, da ara ubralod migeRoT prokuroris ax-sna-ganmarteba imis Taobaze, Tu ras exeboda mosmenili saubari?

[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kerZo saubrebis faruli Canawerebi pirad cxovrebaSi Carevaa, romelic ar unda iyos nebadarTuli garemoebebis miuxedavad?

[b] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom TvalTvali an kerZo sakuTrebis Cxreka pirad cxovrebaSi Carevaa, romelic ar unda iyos nebadar-Tuli garemoebebisda miuxedavad?

[b] zogierTi mtkicebuleba, romlis Sesaxebac am saqmeSi SeityobT, ramdenime wlis win aris mopovebuli. fiqrobT Tu ara, rom ufro Zveli mtkicebulebebi naklebad sandoa, vidre bolo dros mopovebuli mtkicebulebebi? ratom?

Sexedulebebi abortis Taobaze

[b],[d] rogoria Tqveni Sexeduleba Cvens qveyanaSi abortis kanonierad an ukanonod cnobasTan dakavSirebiT?

[b],[d] rogoria Tqveni piradi, religiuri an filosofiuri Sexedulebebi abortTan dakavSirebiT?

[b],[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom abortis garkveuli saxe Sesa-Zloa kanonieri iyos, da mainc, nebismieri aborti moralurad

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miuRebelia? [b],[d] aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, ra pirobebSi/garemoe-

bebSi CaTvlidiT marTebulad orsulad myofi qalbatonis mier abortis moTxovnas?

[b],[d] Tu gecodinebaT, rom pirovnebas aborti aqvs gakeTe-buli, rogori grZnobebi dageuflebodaT mis mimarT?

[b],[d] Tu qalbatoni abortis gakeTebas gadawyvets da misi mama am gadawyvetilebas eTanxmeba, rogori grZnobebi dageufle-bodaT misi mamis mimarT?

qorwinebis gareT arsebuli urTierTobebi

[b],[d] ras fiqrobT qorwinebis gareSe arsebul urTierTobe-bze (sqesobriv kavSirze).

[b],[d] Tu gecodinebaT, rom pirovneba qorwinebis gareSe ar-sebul urTier-TobebSi imyofeba, rogori grZnobebi dageuflebo-daT mis mimarT?

[b],[d] rodesac saqme qorwinebis gareSe arsebul urTierTo-bebs exeba, Tqveni Sexedulebebi imis mixedviT xom ar gansxvavdeba, urTierTobebSi mamakacia CarTuli Tu qali?

[b],[d] Tu qorwinebis gareSe arsebuli urTierTobebi dao-jaxebul da dauojaxebel pirebs aqvT, ufro metad vis daadana-SaulebdiT? daojaxebul pirovnebas? dauojaxebel pirovnebas? orive Tanabrad damnaSavea?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mamakaci, romelic cols Ralato-bs, savaraudod, raime sxva saeWvo qmedebebSic iqneba gareuli?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom qalbatoni, romelic qmars Ra-latobs, savaraudod, raime sxva saeWvo qmedebebSic iqneba ga-reuli?

sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi

[b],[d] Tqveni azriT, ra aris danaSaulis gamomwvevi ZiriTadi mizezebi?

[d] ras fiqrobT saqarTveloSi sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-sajulebis sistemis muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT?

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[d] Tqveni azriT, ra xdis pirovnebas saxifaTod? [d] Tqveni azriT, ra xdis pirovnebas moZaladed? [d] zogadad, rogoria Tqveni STabeWdileba policiisa da

sxva samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier kriminaluri gamoZiebis CatarebasTan dakavSirebiT?

[d] ZaladobiT Cadenil danaSaulebSi msjavrdebulTaTvis sasjelis Sefardebisas, Tqveni azriT, romeli miznis gaTval-iswineba ufro mniSvnelovani unda iyos _ dasjis, reabilitaciis Tu sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis?

[d] ZaladobiT Cadenil danaSaulebSi msjavrdebulTaTvis sasjelis Sefardebisas, Tqveni azriT, romeli mizani ufro mniS-vnelovani unda iyos, braldebulis dasja Tu reabilitacia?

[d] rogor fiqrobT, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistema kriminalebs Zalze mkacrad, rogorc saWiroa, Tu Zalze msubuqad epyroba?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom kanoni sakmarisze metad irjeba braldebulTa dasacavad da arasakmarisad irjeba dazaraleb-ulTa da maTi ojaxebis uflebebis dasacavad?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mdidari adamianebi naklebad ageben pasuxs sakuTar qmedebebze, vidre saSualod macxovrebeli ada-mianebi?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsa-julebis Cveni sistema mdidrebs da/an Zalauflebis mqoneT upi-ratesobas aniWebs?

[d] Tqveni azriT, ra aris uaresi, damnaSave pirovnebis gaSveba Tu udana-Saulo pirovnebis damnaSaved cnoba?

[d] Tqveni azriT, ra aris uaresi, damnaSave pirovnebis gaSveba Tu udana-Saulo pirovnebis cixeSi gamomwyvdeva?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom adamianebs, romelTac bevri fuli aqvT, sasamarTlo sistema ukeTesad epyroba, vidre sxva adamian-ebs?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom mdidrebs Cvens sazogadoebaSi sa-samarTlo sistema ufro msubuqad epyroba, vidre sxva adamianebs?

[d] gjeraT Tu ara, rom zogjer udanaSaulo adamianebs damnaSaved cnoben im danaSaulebis CadenaSi, romlebic maT ar CaudeniaT?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTloeb-

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Si braldebulebma unda amtkicon, rom isini udanaSauloni arian? [d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom Tu braldebuli Cvenebas ar miscems,

is, savaraudod, damnaSavea? [d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom braldebulebi xSirad saqmis teqni-

kuri detalebis xarjze situaciidan Zvrebian? [d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom samarTaldamcavma organoebma adami-

anebisTvis bralis wayenebisas SesaZloa Secdoma dauSvan? [d] rogor fiqrobT, ra sixSiriT uSveben samarTaldamcavi

organoebi Secdomebs adamianebisTvis bralis wayenebisas? [d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom, miuxedavad imisa, rom samarTal-

damcavma organoebma SesaZloa adamianebisTvis bralis wayenebisas Secdomebi dauSvan, magram, rodesac saqme sasamarTlomde miva, nebismieri Secdoma ukve gamosworebuli iqneba?

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom, rodesac saqme sazogadoebaSi gax-maurebulia an is cnobil pirovnebas exeba, policia saWiroze swrafad moqmedebs braldebulis dapatimrebis mizniT?

[d] migaCniaT Tu ara, rom zogjer politikis an sazogadoe-brivi zewolis Sedegad, policiam SesaZloa saWiroze swrafad imoqmedos pirovnebis dapatimrebis mizniT?

[d] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsa-julebis farglebSi damnaSave adamianebi sakmarisze advilad gaurbian marTlmsajulebas da sasjels, romlebsac imsaxureben?

[d] zogadad, ras fiqrobT sisxlis samarTlis specializa-ciiT momuSave advokatebze da maT eTikasa da patiosnebaze?

[b] miiCnevT Tu ara, rom yvela kanoni mkacrad unda Sesrul-des maTi Sedegebis miuxedavad?

[b] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom Cveni sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-sajulebis sistema unda Seicvalos, raTa is ukeTesi gaxdes? Tu diax, romel cvlilebebs gulisxmobT?

daskvniTi SekiTxvebi

[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom mniSvnelovania Tqvens Sexedulebas miemxroT? ratom?

[d] Tu Tqven nafici msajuli iqnebodiT da msajulebi erTsu-lovan gadawyvetilebas verdiqtze ver miiRebdnen _ ra damokide-

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buleba geqnebodaT amasTan dakavSirebiT? [d] geqnebodaT Tu ara `Cavardnis~ an arasrulfasovnebis

gancda verdiqtze SeTanxmebis SeuZleblobis gamo? [d] geqnebodaT Tu ara imis gancda, rom Tqveni, rogorc nafici

msajulis samuSao ver SeasruleT? [d] Tu imis safuZvelze, rac sasamarTloSi gaigoneT da naxeT,

darwmunebuli iqnebodiT, rom braldebam ver SeZlo gonivrul eWvs miRma [braldebuli]is braleulobis damtkiceba, miemxro-bodiT Tu ara mainc Tqvens gadawyvetilebas maSinac ki, Tu sxva nafici msajulebi gansxvavebul azrze iqnebodnen?

[d] Tu Tqven am saqmeSi nafic msajulad agirCeven, raime mniS-vneloba xom ar eqneboda TqvenTvis gamotanil verdiqtze sxva piris, magaliTad, Tqveni ojaxis wevrebis, megobrebis, mezoblebis Tu TanamSromlebis reaqcias?

[b] raime religiuri, moraluri an eTikuri Sexedulebebi xom ar gaqvT, ris safuZvelzec gagiZneldebodaT sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTloSi sxva pirovnebis gansja?

[b],[d] fiqrobT Tu ara, rom im SemTxvevaSi, Tu kanoni, ro-gorc amas mosamarTle saqmis bolos getyviT, Tqvens pirad Sexedulebebs ewinaaRmdegeba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogori gadawyvetileba unda iyos saqmeze gamotanili, Tqven verdiqts mainc saqmesTan dakavSirebiT Tqvens pirad Sexedulebebs daaf-uZnebdiT?

[d] Tqven rom yofiliyaviT bradebuli mocemul saqmeSi, aris Tu ara raime mizezi, ris gamoc sakuTar Tavs am saqmeSi nafic msajulad ar isurvebdiT?

SeniSvnebi: 1. zogierTi es SekiTxva aRebulia Semdegi ga-mocemidan: „nafic msajulebTan muSaoba: sistematuri teqnika~ (nafic msajulTa erovnuli proeqti, 2009).

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daibeWda:

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

al. yazbegis gamz. #47

( 239-15-22, E-mail: [email protected]

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georgia - jury instructions, jury selection manual, 2014 (in georgian)

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