geology midterm review hematite red streak metal heavy
TRANSCRIPT
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GEOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW
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HEMATITE
• Red streak• Metal• Heavy
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magnetite
• Magnetic• Heavy• Metallic• Black streak
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plagioclase
• Scratches glass• White• 2 directional cleavage
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Olivine
• Green- always
• Hard
• Crystalizes at highest temp.– First to form from a melt
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gypsum
• Soft 1-2
• Clear= selenite
• Opaque= alabaster
• Chalky feel
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pyrite
• Fool’s gold• Metal
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halite
• Salty• 3= 90 cleavage• soft
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galena
• 3= 90 cleavage• Metal • heavy
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hornblende
• Black- always
• Hard- 5-6
• Two directional cleavage
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talc
• Softest mineral
• Greasier feel than gypsum
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calcite
• Fizzes• 3 ≠ 90 cleavage• Double refraction• Soft• Main mineral in
limestone and marble
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K-feldspar
• Pink• Scratches glass• 2= 90 cleavage
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muscovite
• Flakey- 1 directional cleavage
• Light in color
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corundum
• Extremely hard= 9
• May have hexagonal crystals
• Red= ruby
• Blue= sapphire
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quartz
• Most common mineral• Scratches glass• NMV• Hexagonal crystals
• Rock crystal- tpt• All others- tlt
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fluorite
• Soft• Many colors; purple
and green • 4 directional cleavage
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graphite
• Pencil “lead”• Soft metal
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biotite
• Dark color
• One directional cleavage
• Part of the mica family
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chalcopyrite
• “bronzier” than pyrite– More of an orange color
• Contains copper
• Black streak
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IGNEOUS ROCKS
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GRANITE
• Intrusive igneous• Cooled slowly• Felsic• Has quartz, plag.,
biotite, K-feld, hornblende
• Formed underground (dikes, sills, batholiths)
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Andesite
• Extrusive
• intermediate
• Usually porphyritic
• Composite volcanoes
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pumice
• Felsic• Extrusive• Composite volcanoes• vesicular
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basalt
• Extrusive• Mafic• Shield volcanoes• From runny lava flows
• Pahoehoe and Aa are types of basalt
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gabbro
• “black granite”• Intrusive• Mafic• Formed underground
(dikes, sills, batholiths)
• Granite’s mafic cousin
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scoria
• Vesicular• Mafic• From cinder
volcanoes• Pumice’s “mafic
cousin”
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obsidian
• Felsic (even though dark)
• 99% quartz
• Conchodial fracture
• Cools on top of felsic lava flow
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periodotite
• Mafic
• intrusive\
• Contains olivine
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rhyolite
• Felsic
• Composite lava flows
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SEDIMENTARY
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Crystalline limestone
• Fizzes• Chemical precipitate• Forms in deep ocean• From dissolved shells
fossiliferous
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Rock gypsum
• Evaporite• soft
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shale
• Fine clastic• From mud
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sandstone
• Gritty• From beach/desert• clastic
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coal
• Bioclastic• From swamps• Organic• lightweight
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chalk
• Soft
• Bioclastic (forminifera)
• fizzes
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arkose
• High in K-feldspar
• Sandstone
• clastic
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coquina
• Bioclastic• Made of shells• Forms near reefs
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• Conglomerate• Fast moving river
• Breccia• Alluvial fan
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• flint • Chert
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Metamorphic
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slate
• Metamorphosed shale
• Foliated• Parent rock: shale
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Gneiss
• Banded (striped)• Foliated• Parent rock- granite
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marble
• Can be many colors• Metamorphosed
limestone• Not foliated• Will fizz (calcite)
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Quartzite
• Metamorphosed sandstone
• Non foliated• Will scratch glass• Any color
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Schist
• Foliated• Highly reflective• May have garnets
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metaconglomerate
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OTHER STUFF
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Solution Mining
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Silicate structureswhy common?
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1 carat= .2 grams
• 50 cts= grams
• 25 grams= carats
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Geodes
• Form from precipitation of quartz in a hollow opening
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Gold %
• Divide by 24 (pure gold)
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Rock cycle
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viscosity
• Rhyolite• High viscosity (thick)• Explosive eruption
• Basalt• Low viscosity (runny)• Quiet eruptions
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lithification
• Precipitation
• Evaporation
• Cementation
• compaction
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oxidation
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dissolution
• Usually limestone• Acid rain• Forms
caves/sinkholes
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caves
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CLIMATE
• TROPICAL– Strong chemical
• DESERT– Slight mechanical
• POLAR– Slight mechanical
• MID LATITUDE (MI)– Strong chemical and mechanical
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TYPES OF SOIL
• Sandy- drains fast
• Clayey- absorbs water; doesn’t let water pass through; poor for house foundations
• Loamy- best for plants
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transgression
• Rise in sea level
regression
• Drop in sea level