GEOGRAPHY TODAY BOOK 3 REVISED EDITION

TOPIC: AGRICULTURE ( Pg No : 61-72 )

Q.1 Fill in the blanks.

1. Pakistan has held agricultural censuses in 1960, 1972, ____________ and ____________

2. In the 1950s, agriculture was largely ignored because attention was being paid to the

development of __________.

3. From 1960 onwards an important reason for the increase in crop yields and output was

the_____________________.

4. This has been described as one of the most important events in the history of

agriculture in ____________.

5. In the 1960s high – yield varieties of _________ and _________ were developed by

research institutes.

6. Mexi-Pak wheat was produced at the International Wheat and Maize Institute in

__________.

7. IRRI rice , called “miracle rice”, was produced at the International Rice research institute

in the ____________.

8. These HYV seeds required the accurate amount of the _____________ and _________

to be applied at the right times for them to produce the high yields. Water was the most

important _________.

9. The production of these seeds came at the time when Pakistan was increasing its

irrigation facilities manly from ___________________ and later from _________.

10. In 1991, IRRI announced the development of a new type of rice which has a larger yield

than “miracle rice” called as ______________.

11. This type of rice has been genetically modified to enrich it with _________ because it is

lacking in the diets of millions of people in __________.

12. This type of rice has ________,________ stalks on one plant and bigger clusters of

_______ than present varieties of rice.

13. This type of rice is also being bred to resist ____________ and ___________e.

14. IRRI hoped to send seeds of this type of rice to ______ major rice _______ growing

countries for testing in 2001.

15. It was forecast that farmers in South and _________ Asia would be able to grow it

would be able to grow it after 2002.

16. In the 1950s there were only a ____________ tube wells in Pakistan, but by the end of

1960s there were ________ tube wells.

17. Most of these tube wells were installed in a few parts of the __________ province of

Pakistan.

18. The hard , stony mountainous land of Balochistan and KPK made the tubewells too

_________ to be installed over there.

19. Only a few tubewells were installed in Sindh because much of the ground water there is

_______.

20. Rural ______________ also influenced the location of tube wells.

21. Research found that on a 50 acre farm in the Gujranwala district the increase in the crop

yield paid off the cost of an electric water in ______ year/s.

22. 70 % of the tube wells were installed by farmers with ______ acres or more. Only

______ % were installed by farmers owning fewer than 13 acres.

23. The word “tractor” comes from a Latin verb meaning “__________________”.

24. The hiring of tractors mean that 550,000 farms used tractors it is still a smaller number

compared with __________ which is the total No of farms.

25. 75 % of privately owned tractors have been bought by the farmers who have _________

tube wells.

26. In recent years some small and medium farmers have bought tractors with the

_________ from their family members working in the Middle East.

27. Irrigation has a long history in Pakistan. The first canals were built around _________ BC

during the _____________________ Civilization.

28. The Indus River Irrigation System is one of the largest and

_____________________systems in the world.

29. An insect called the “stem-borer” which lives in dead rice – stubble may attack the next

___________ crop .

30. Karez were dug in Baluchistan, they were ____________________ water channels for

irrigation.

31. By 2000 the total irrigated area had increased to ________________hectares.

32. The Bhakra- Nangal Dam was built on the river _____________________.

33. After 1960 there was also an increase in_________________ cropping.

34. The deposition of silt is a major problem in ______________ Dam.

35. Mangla Dam and Reservoir were completed in _____________.

Q.2(a) - Match the year with the event and write the correct year in column C.

A B C a. 1960,1972,

1980,1990 Mangla Dam

b. 1950s Tarbela Dam loses 50% of its capacity

c. 1960 Few hundred tubewells

d. 1999 Agriculture was ignored, industry was set up

e. 2001 Tarbela Dam

f. 1950s IRRI Rice

g. 1960s Indus Water Treaty

h. End of 1960s 79,000 tubewells

i. After 2002 Testing of Super Rice

j. 1968 HYV seeds

k. 1982 Agricultural censuses in Pakistan

l. 2030 Growing Super Rice

Q.2 (b) - Match column A and B with a ruler and a blue ink pen.

A B

a. HYV seeds Deposition of silt

b. tractor Less than 13 acres

c. Bhakra- Nangal Dam cultivation

d. Tarbela Dam To pull

e. Multi-purpose dam harvesting

f. Karez insect

g. Watering crops Green Revolution

h. Growing crops 25 acres or more

i. Stem-borer Super Rice

j. iron Underground water channel

k. Cutting crops Tarbela and Mangla Dam

l. 4% tubewells Sutlej

m. 70% tubewells irrigation

Q.3- Write full forms for these short forms/ abbreviations.

S.NO. Short Form/ Abbreviation

Full form

1 HYV seeds

2 IRRI

3 KPK

4 IWT

5 IRIS

Q.4- Give short answers to the following questions.

Economic Development- Agriculture ( Pg : 61-62 )

1) Look at the given tables and answer the question given below.

Q(1)- Name the crops that had been grown on the largest area in the following years and

discuss whether the crops gave the highest output and highest yield that year.( fig- 3.16, 3.14,

3.15)

1965:_________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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1995:_________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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2010:_________________________________________________________________________

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2015:_________________________________________________________________________

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The Green Revolution: ( Pg : 62 )

a) What was the Green Revolution?

______________________________________________________________________________

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b) What led to the Green Revolution?

______________________________________________________________________________

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c) What thing brought the Green Revolution?

______________________________________________________________________________

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d) For which crops the improved quality seeds were produced?

_______________________________________________________________________

e) What was Mexi- Pak wheat and where was it produced?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

f) What was IRRI, What did it produce and when?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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g) What did the HYV seeds need in order to give higher yield of the crops?

______________________________________________________________________________

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h) What was the most important input for growing these seeds?

______________________________________________________________________________

i) When were these seeds produced?

______________________________________________________________________________

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Super Rice: ( Pg : 62 )

j) What was Super Rice, when was it produced and by whom?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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k) Describe how was the Super Rice modified and what were its characteristics?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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l) To how many countries were the seeds of Super Rice sent and for what reason and

when?

______________________________________________________________________________

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The sinking of tubewells ( Pg : 62 )

m) How did the NO. of tubewells grow in Pakistan from 1950s to 1960s?

______________________________________________________________________________

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Location ( Pg : 62 )

n) Where were the most of the tubewells installed in Pakistan ?

______________________________________________________________________________

o) What factors affected the installation of the tubewells in Sindh, Balochistan and KPK?

1.____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2.____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

p) What other factor also affected the installation of the tubewells? How was that problem

overcome?

______________________________________________________________________________

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Cost ( Pg : 63 )

q) What were the %ages for the installation of tubewells by farmers?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

r) Why were the larger farmers mainly benefited from the Green Revolution?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

s) What were the reasons that the poorer farmers could not benefit from the Green

Revolution as much as the larger farmers have?

______________________________________________________________________________

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Mechanisation: ( Pg : 63 )

t) What does mechanisation mean?

______________________________________________________________________________

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u) What is the origin of the word “tractor”?

______________________________________________________________________________

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v) What different jobs can a tractor do? Give examples .

________________________________________________________________________

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w) What does draught animal mean? Give examples.

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Growth in the use of tractors ( Pg : 63 -64)

x) How many total NO. of farms are there in Pakistan and on how many farms are tractors

used?

______________________________________________________________________________

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y) What size of the tractors are usually used and who owns these tractors?

______________________________________________________________________________

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z) How do the larger farmers make more use of their tractors?

______________________________________________________________________________

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1) How have some small and medium farmers managed to buy tractors?

______________________________________________________________________________

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2) How do these small- scale farmers make some extra income by using their tractors?

______________________________________________________________________________

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Hiring tractors ( Pg : 64-65)

3) Who usually hires a tractor? What may be the problems related to hiring a tractor?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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4) How is the farm prepared for wheat after harvesting rice?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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5) What could be the problem faced by a small- scale farmer at this stage of preparing the

farm?

______________________________________________________________________________

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6) What is the “stem borer”? Which crop does it affect and how?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7) Look at the picture of a tractor given below and list the jobs of a,

Plough:____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Disc cutter:________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

8) What has happened due to the increased use of tractors?

a)____________________________________________________________________________

b)____________________________________________________________________________

c)____________________________________________________________________________

d)____________________________________________________________________________

Irrigation ( Pg : 65-67)

9) How old is the history of irrigation in Pakistan?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

10) What ways are mainly used for irrigation in Pakistan?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

11) What led to the development of the irrigation system in Pakistan?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

12) What is the importance of the Indus River Irrigation System (IRIS) ?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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13) Look at the map given below, What do you mean by the” cultivated area is irrigated”?

______________________________________________________________________________

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14) In which areas of Pakistan 70% of the cultivated area is irrigated?

______________________________________________________________________________

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15) Where does Nara Irrigation canal start from and which area does it pass through?

______________________________________________________________________________

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16) Look at the Fig. given below and answer the question.

Q- The area irrigated by tubewell water is about 25% of the total irrigated land. How much

larger is the area irrigated by canal water?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

17) Name a few old methods of irrigation in Pakistan.

______________________________________________________________________________

18) Define those methods of irrigation mentioned in the answer above.

______________________________________________________________________________

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19) Why don’t we usually use these old methods of irrigation nowadays?

______________________________________________________________________________

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20) How much area was irrigated in the year 2000?

______________________________________________________________________________

21) Compare the tubewell water with canal water. Which one is better and why?

______________________________________________________________________________

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The Indus Water Treaty (IWT) ( Pg : 67,70)

22) When and by whom the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) was signed?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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23) Which dam was built on the river Sutlej? Where is the river Sutlej?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

24) How much area in Pakistan was irrigated by the water of river Sutlej at the time of

partition?

______________________________________________________________________________

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25) Who should have got the water of river Sutlej? What did India do to the water of river

Sutlej? How was Pakistan affected by that act of India?

______________________________________________________________________________

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26) How did Pakistan manage to overcome that problem caused by India for river Sutlej?

______________________________________________________________________________

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27) Who developed the idea of a treaty between India and Pakistan? How was the water of

the rivers divided between India and Pakistan according to the treaty?

______________________________________________________________________________

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28) What happened to the water of the eastern rivers at the point where they enter

Pakistan?

______________________________________________________________________________

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29) How did Pakistan solve this problem caused by having no water in the eastern rivers?

______________________________________________________________________________

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30) Apart from the distribution of rivers between the two countries what else was included

in the Indus Water Treaty to be done in Pakistan?

______________________________________________________________________________

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31) Who is supposed to resolve any issues with obeying the Indus Water Treaty by the two

countries ?

______________________________________________________________________________

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32) Look at the Fig. given below and answer the related questions.

a) How many rivers are mentioned in the Fig? _____________________________________

b) Name all the rivers mentioned in the Fig.

______________________________________________________________________________

c) Name the western rivers:___________________________________________________

d) Name the eastern rivers:____________________________________________________

e) According to the IWT India got western/ eastern rivers and Pakistan got western/

eastern rivers.( Encircle the correct answers for both).

f) Name all the dams in the Fig. ________________________________________________

g) How many link canals are shown on the Fig? In what directions do these canals flow?

h) How many barrages are mentioned in the Fig? __________________________________

i) Name the barrages built on river Indus

______________________________________________________________________________

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j) Name the barrages built on river Jhelum

_____________________________________________________________________________

k) Name the barrages built on river Chenab

______________________________________________________________________________

l) Name the barrages built on river Ravi

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m) Name the barrages built on river Sutlej

______________________________________________________________________________

n) Name the barrages on the river Indus from where link canals originate and go to river

Jhelum.

______________________________________________________________________________

o) Name the barrages on the river Jhelum from where link canals originate and go to river

Chenab.

______________________________________________________________________________

p) Name the barrages on the river Chenab from where link canals originate and go to river

Ravi.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

q) Name the barrages on the river Ravi from where link canals originate and go to river

Sutlej.

___________________________________________________________________________

r) Name the barrages on the river Jhelum from where link canals originate and go to river

Ravi and then to river Sutlej.

______________________________________________________________________________

s) At which barrage does the water of river Jhelum and river Chenab join together?

______________________________________________________________________________

t) After which barrage does the water of river Ravi joins with the collected water of rivers

Jhelum and Chenab?

______________________________________________________________________________

u) How does Bahawal canal get water in it?

______________________________________________________________________________

v) At which barrage does the water of all four rivers, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej joins

together?

______________________________________________________________________________

w) Which barrages are built on river Indus after all the other four rivers join with river

Indus?

______________________________________________________________________________

x) After which barrage the water of river Indus along with the water of all other four rivers

falls into the Arabian sea?

______________________________________________________________________________

y) What does Mailsi gated syphon on the Fig. mean?

______________________________________________________________________________

z) What does the Upper and lower course of the river mean? What is Upper Chenab link?

______________________________________________________________________________

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33) What does “ double cropping” mean, when did it start in Pakistan?

______________________________________________________________________________

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34) What were the results of the Indus Water Treaty?

______________________________________________________________________________

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The Tarbela and the Mangla Dams and reservoirs( Pg : 70)

a) The Mangla Dam and Reservoir were completed in _________ and built on the river

_____________.The Tarbela Dam and Reservoir were completed in ___________and

built on river________________.

b) The Tarbela Dam is the largest _________ and ______________ filled dam in the world.

c) When the reservoir of Tarbela Dam is very full , the water is allowed to flow out of the

_______ spillways, which are __________ of the dam.

d) Due to the construction of the Tarbela Dam and Reservoir__________ villages were

drowned and ___________ people lost their homes and farms.

e) When Mangla Dam and Reservoir were constructed many people who lost their homes

and farms migrated to _________, but the people who were affected by the

construction of Tarbela Dam could not migrate to the ________ as no more workers

were needed over there.

f) The Tarbela Dam is towards the _____________ of its spillways.

g) What is the purpose of a dam and a reservoir? What type of dams are the Tarbela and

the Mangla Dam? Why are they called so?

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

__________________________________________________

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Deposition of silt ( Pg : 71-72)

h) What is the negative effect of a dam made at a reservoir?

______________________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________

i) What is silt? Which reservoir has got serious problem of deposition of silt?

______________________________________________________________________________

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j) What causes the deposition of silt in that reservoir and not much deposition of silt in

the other reservoir?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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k) What will happen to that reservoir in 2030?

______________________________________________________________________________

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l) How many rivers carry silt into that reservoir?( shown in Fig.3.26)

______________________________________________________________________________

m) What are the effects of deposition of silt on the floor of the reservoir?

________________________________________________________________________

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