geography of the united states & canada€¦ · volcanoes largest mountains in the world ......
TRANSCRIPT
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GEOGRAPHY
OF THE
UNITED STATES
& CANADA
By Brett Lucas
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THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
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Setting the Boundaries
What states and provinces are part of the region?
Hawaii
What regions does it border?
None
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Overview
Isolated
Volcanically active
Rapid growth slowing
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Physical Geography
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Physical Setting
Islands formed as they moved over hot spot
Kauai 5M years old
Oahu 3M years old
Hawaii <500,000 years old
Loihi 3,000 feet under water
Extend all the way to Midway, 1,600 miles away
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Physical Setting
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Main Island
Two thirds of Hawaii’s
area
Five volcanoes
Mauna Loa and
Kilauea active
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Volcanoes
Largest mountains in the world
Area above sea level still growing as lava cools
Shield volcanoes
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Volcanoes
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Many Natural Hazards
Hurricanes
Tsunamis
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
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Hurricanes
Much higher
ground to
reach
Flooding a
problem
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Tsunami
Waves travel open ocean at 500 miles an hour
Crests rise up to 70 feet
1960: Tsunami from Chilean earthquake destroyed half of Hilo
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Climate
Tropical
Northeasterly winds persist year-round
Some places desert, some place rainforest
Why?
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Climograph – Hilo, HI
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Climograph – Honolulu, HI
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Climate Comparison
Spokane
WA
Hilo Honolulu Mauna Loa
Jan Temp (F) 33 / 21 79 / 64 80 / 65 50 / 33
Jul Temp (F) 82 / 54 83 / 69 89 / 75 56 / 40
Rainfall 16.5 in. 127 in. 18 in. 19 in.
Snowfall 49 in. 0 in. 0 in. occasional
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Snow in Hawaii
Higher summits on occasion
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Natural Vegetation – Rainforest
Year-round growth
Drought rare
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Invasive Species
Much of ground cover non-native
Over 2/3’s of plant species found on island brought
in from elsewhere
Many feral animals (originally only 2 mammal
species)
Many native species extinct or endangered
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Population & Settlement
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Native Population
Pre-Polynesians
Disappeared mysteriously
Two waves of Polynesians
Came from Tahiti
500 to 1000 AD
1400 to 1600 AD
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Hawaiian Monarchy
Kamehameha the Great
Ruled 1795 – 1819
Unified Hawaii finally in 1810
Lasted until overthrown in 1893 by American
backed coup
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European/American Settlement
1778: James Cook discovered islands
Strong British influence in history
American missionaries and settlers arrived from 1820’s
on
Values as sugar and coffee growing region increased
1898: Hawaii annexed into US
Strategic position for Spanish-American war
Hawaii was admitted to the Union on August 21, 1959,
making it the 50th state
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The First Melting Pot
Native Hawaiians
Americans and British
Chinese and Japanese migrated in 19th century to
work on sugar plantations
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Present Population
Several different ethnic groups
Relatively low growth
Concentration on Oahu – now 80% of population
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Population Makeup
24% European
17% Japanese
14% Filipino
6% Chinese
9% Hawaiian
21% Interracial
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Population Numbers
State/Metro area 2000 (1,000’s) 1990 (1,000’s) Change
Hawaii 1211 1108 +9%
Oahu 876 836 +5%
Hawaii Island 149 120 +23%
Maui/Molokai/Lanai 128 100 +28%
Kauai/Niihau 58 51 +21%
US & Canada 312,600 276,700 +13%
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Population Density – HI
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Human & Economic Geography
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Ways of Life
Past
Whaling
Forestry
Current
Agriculture
Tourism
Military
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Agriculture
Only 10% arable land
Two mainstays in decline
Sugar
1 million tons a year through 1980’s, now 300,000 tons
Labor and transportation costs too high
Replaced by corn syrup
Pineapple
Slight decline
Together 25% of export revenue in 1960; today 2%
Plantation towns on the decline
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Agriculture
Other crops take over the land
Crops for local consumption
Crops well suited to Hawaii
Macadamia Nuts
Kona Coffee
Papaya
Marijuana
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Defense/Government
Important strategic
location
60,000 employed in
military
Decline since end of
Cold War
Kahoolawe once
target practice
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Tourism
Visitors from North America mainland and Asia
Pearl Harbor
Over 6 million visitors a year
At any moment, 10 percent of population tourists
More than half of islands’ economy (was only 10
percent 50 years ago)
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Honolulu
Dominates Hawaii
Congested
Limited spatially
Terrain
Federal / private
land
High cost of living
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Other U.S. Pacific Islands
Similar cultural melting pot
Military importance
Manufacturing center
“Made in USA”
Guam: 160,000
Saipan: 70,000
American Samoa: 70,000
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Outlook
Erratic growth
Significant dependence upon tourism and defense
Agriculture losing out as a way of life