Faculty of Spatial Science, Univerity of Groningen March 12, 2015, Groningen, The Netherlands

Eduardo Oliveira (guest)Martin Boisen (lecturer in charge of the course)

Spain

European Territorial Cooperation European Trans-national & cross-border cooperation

INTERREG I to IV + INTERREG EUROPE (2014-2020) Spain-Portugal cooperation POCTEC Spain-Portugal (2014-2020)

How does this cooperation reflect their: Planning systems, cross-border planning; Decision-making and financial capacity; Socio-spatial, spatial-economic impacts;

Concrete examples of cross-border cooperation NORTE 2020 + Galicia 2020 + Euroregion 2020 Joint Investment Programme Galicia-northern Portugal

2014-2020

SpainPortugal Republic Monarchy

The present Constitution of Portugal was adopted in 1976

The present Constitution of Spain was adopted in 1978

Spain: 46 millionPortugal: 10 million

Spain: 23.4%Portugal: 13.3%NL: 7.2%

Spain: 55.2%

Portugal: 38.4%

NL: 9.8%

Group 2: comprises five EU Member States (PORTUGAL, Greece, Malta, SPAIN andSlovenia), each with an intermediate level of minimum wages, ranging from EUR 500to less than EUR 1 000 a month.

Portugal: € 505

Spain: €648

Spain: 28%Portugal: 25%NL: 15%

Spain: -1.2Portugal: -1.4NL: -0.8

The agreement on the Programme was formally adopted on 17 May 2011 at the Eurogroup/ECOFIN meeting in Brussels. The Memorandum of Understanding and the Loan Agreement were signed thereafter.

It covered the period 2011 to mid-2014 and included a joint financing package of €78 billion, €26 billion of which provided by the EU/EFSM, €26 billion by the EFSF and about €26 billion provided by the IMF.

structural reforms to boost potential growth, create jobs, and improve competitiveness;

a fiscal consolidation strategy; a financial sector strategy based on recapitalisation and

deleveraging, with efforts to safeguard the financial sector.

Peripherality and Trans-frontier geography

Decline of traditional agricultural and industrial activities

Effects of globalization and increasing competition within and beyond the European Union

The financial and economic crisis

With more regional coordination efforts,territorial cooperation, collective strategies (…)?!!!

Territorial (cross-border) cooperation

Transnational/cross-border Infrastructure planning - ongoing

Transnational/cross-border tourism planning/development - ongoing

The political frontier between Portugal andSpain dates from the end of the 13thcentury

Transnational/cross-border water management - ongoing

Cross border Spatial planning

In the 1950s some people in various border areas, start looking at each other with more and more interest:

Why not cooperate? Why not join forces to overcome similar issues?

The first initiatives of TERRITORIAL COOPERATIONappear, with the creation of the first euroregion - theEUREGIO, in 1958 at the German-Dutch border.

Other trans-national agreements on cross-bordercooperation and organisations like the Association ofEuropean Border Regions appear from the 1960s to the1980s, essentially in western and northern Europe.

In the 1980s the need to support actions in the field ofcross-border was progressively acknowledged byEuropean institutions. To prepare the border areas for the opening of the SINGLE

MARKET IN 1992, with an eye on economic and socialcohesion (…) After the adoption of a first series of 14 pilotCROSS-BORDER ACTIONS IN 1989, the European Communitylaunched in 1990 a dedicated initiative - INTERREG.

EU or (add Member state here) 2020

INTERREGEurope

European Territorial Cooperation

• EUROPEAN TERRITORIAL COOPERATION (ETC)• Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA)• European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI)

1) EUROPEAN TERRITORIAL COOPERATION

• CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION: helps transform regions located on eitherside of internal or external borders of the European Union into strongeconomic and social poles.

• Transnational Cooperation: promotes cooperation among greaterEuropean regions (e.g. Baltic Sea Region, North Sea, Mediterraneanand Atlantic Area) or mountain ranges (e.g. Alpine Space).

• Interregional Cooperation: framework for the exchange ofexperiences between local/regional actors across Europe in order tocontribute to EU’s strategies - growth, jobs and sustainabledevelopment.

CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION

CROSS-BORDER COOPERATIONEuropean Cross-Border cooperation aims to tackle common challengesidentified jointly in the border regions and to exploit the untapped growthpotential in border areas, while enhancing the cooperation process for thepurposes of the overall harmonious development of the Union.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

There are 60 cooperation programmes for the period 2007-2013 with an allocation of EUR 6 billion (60% of which have been spent already), are involved in a wide variety of activities linked to the maturity of border cooperation.

WHAT DO CBC PROGRAMMES FINANCE?

innovation, health care education employment labour mobility

What do cbc programmes finance?

This investment should ensure maximum impact and even more effective use of the investments

Projects: http://www.territorialcooperation.eu/

Multiple generations of

Cross-border cooperation programmes 2007-2013

At the start of THE 2014-2020 PROGRAMMING PERIOD EUROPEFACES SEVERAL CHALLENGES that strongly impact on a widerange of policy fields at EU, NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCALLEVEL.

The main challenge is the capacity of the European economyto grow, innovate and generate jobs on the way out of thecrisis still affecting parts of Europe at the start of programmeperiod.

Europe needs to respond to demographic change and climatechange and turn around its resource dependency.

286 regions

A EUROPE OF REGIONS?

The EU REGIONAL DIVERSITY: regions have vastly differentcharacteristics, opportunities and needs, requires going beyond‘ONE-SIZE-FITS-ALL’ POLICIES.

TAILOR-MADE: It calls for aPLACE-BASED APPROACH thatgives regions the ability andmeans to deliver policies thatmeet their specific needs.

CONTEXT SENSITIVE: At thesame time this diversity is anasset allowing each place todevelop to its own strengthswhile benefitting from otherregions through various forms ofinteraction.

Is the EU strategy tailor-madeand sensitive to regional contexts?

1980European Outline Convention on Transfrontier

Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities

Article number 2:Transfrontier co-operation shall mean any concerted actiondesigned to reinforce and foster neighbourly relations betweenterritorial communities or authorities within the jurisdiction oftwo or more Contracting Parties and the conclusion of anyagreement and arrangement necessary for this purpose.Transfrontier co-operation shall take place in the framework ofterritorial communities' or authorities'

Madrid Convention

• Develop the principles of the EUROPEAN OUTLINE CONVENTION ON CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION BETWEEN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OR AUTHORITIESOF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE (Madrid,1980);

• Define legal instruments for cooperation the so called COOPERATION PROTOCOLS:• to promote studies;• plans and programs;• infrastructures projects of public interest (…)

Valencia Treaty, 2002(the legal framework)

1991: Creation of the Spanish-Portuguese working community

1990: INTERREG ICommunity Initiative

• Define the cooperation bodies, with or without legalpersonality:• Working Communities

• Working community Galicia-northern Portugal• Working groups

• With legal personality:• Associations governed by public law• Consortium according to Spanish law

Creation of the Spanish-Portuguese Committee on Cross-border Cooperation

Creation of the European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation

European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation Galicia-northern Portugal

2006

2010

2002

European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation in the Iberian Peninsula

• Agreement between PT and SP concerning Cross-border cooperation in Health issues (March 2010)

• Agreement between PT and SP concerning civil and commercial registration (October 2010)

• 2009: Creation of a working group in charge of the study of cross-border context costs covering the legal gap/adaptation needs in some strategic topics like:• telecommunication cell calls (roaming)• health care services• emergency assistance services• local transport services• labour force mobility

INTERREG V-A Spain-Portugal 2014-2020

INTERREG I: The Community Initiative INTERREG I 1990-1993

INTERREG II: The Community Initiative INTERREG II 1994-1999

INTERREG III: The Community Initiative INTERREG III 2000-2006

INTERREG IV: The Community Initiative INTERREG IV 2007-2013

OBJECTIVES• Development of and support

for small and medium-sized firms

• Tourism and agro-tourism• Provision of local water, gas

and electricity supplies and local telecommunications

• Rural development• Pollution prevention and

control• Improved transport and

other communication systems

• Training and employment measures

OBJECTIVES• Promote a harmonious and balanced

development of the territory of the European Union, along the objectives and policy options of the

European Spatial DevelopmentPerspective; ƒ

• Foster transnational co-operation within a common framework in the field of spatial planning by the member states, regions and other authorities and actors; ƒ

• Contribute to improve the impact of Community policies on spatial development and ƒ help Member States and their regions to co-operate on a pro-active approach to common problems (e.g. water resources management caused by floods and drought).

OBJECTIVES• Promote an integrated REGIONAL

DEVELOPMENT between neighbouringborder regions including external and maritime borders;

• contribute to the harmonious territorial development and integration of the Community territory;

• improve the effectiveness of policies and instruments for regional development and cohesion by structured and large-scale information exchanges and a sharing of experience.

• The programme ESPON (European Spatial Planning Observation Network) focussedon the observation and analysis of territorial and regional development trends in Europe and spatial planning research of relevance to the EU territory.

• The programme INTERACT (INTERreg -Animation, Co-ordination, Transfer) was established as a co-operative tool for providing assistance to EU-funded territorial cooperation.

INTERREG IVC - provides funding for interregional cooperation acrossEurope. It is implemented under the European Community’s territorialco-operation objective and financed through the European RegionalDevelopment Fund (ERDF).

THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE • improve the effectiveness of regional policies and instruments. A project

builds on the exchange of experiences among partners who are ideally responsible for the development of their local and regional policies.

THE AREAS OF SUPPORT• Innovation• knowledge economy;• environment • risk prevention.

Thus, the programme aims to contribute to the economic modernisation and competitiveness of Europe. INTERREG IVc is linked to the objectives of Lisbon and Gothenburg agendas.

PRIORITIES (…)

PRIORITY 1: INNOVATION AND THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY (Lisbon agenda)• enabling regional and local authorities, and other stakeholders

at the regional level, to improve their policies, methods and capacities in the field of innovation and the knowledge economy, through the exchange and transfer of knowledge and experience between regions throughout the European Union, and the development of new policies and approaches.

PRIORITY 2: ENVIRONMENT AND THE RISK PREVENTION (Gothenburg agenda)• empower the public authorities and other stakeholders to

improve their policies and develop new approaches to improve the quality of environment and to increase the attractiveness of the regions in Europe by means of exchanging knowledge and experience between regions.

Transnational cooperation

Cross-border cooperation

PRIORITIES:

Cooperation and joint management for the improvement of competitiveness and the promotion of employment;

Cooperation and joint management in environment, cultural heritage and risk prevention;

Cooperation and joint management in spatial planning and accessibility;

Cooperation and joint management for socioeconomic and institutional integration;

Technical assistance for the process of crossbordercooperation

Projects presentedSpain: 1624Portugal: 582

http://www.poctep.eu/

• STRENGTHENING COOPERATION AND CROSS-BORDER MOBILITY• Proposals of common methodologies for

certification of professional developmentsuch as Engineer

• Sustainable promotion of the Natura 2000 network – example of river Minho Valley.

• Tourism development projects – Elvas – Badajoz with a Smart system to support cross-border tourism

• River Guadiana – a waterway

Within the 5 Priorities Structural change?

• Observation System Interreg RADAR for environmentalprotection

The International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory is thefirst, and so far the only, fully international researchorganisation in Europe in the field of nanoscience andnanotechnology. INL is the result of a joint decision of theGovernments of Portugal and Spain (€30 million)

INL project co-financed by Cross-border Cooperation Programme Spain Portugal 2007-2013

Multipolar Centre for Marine Resources Valorisation

StructuringProject for the Development of the Great Alquevaarea

Water management

Cross-borderWater

management

Spain

Portugal

SpainPortugal

Weak cross-border railway system…while Spain…

High-speed train

Galicia

Promote innovation and competitiveness of SME’s from the Euro-region

Environment protection and urban sustainable development (Gerês/Xurés; Minho/Miño)

Transportation and cross-border accessibilities (High speed train connection Porto-Vigo; intermodality of existing transport networks; articulation between logistic platforms)

Cooperation in maritime issues (Maritime Observatory; quality of maritime environment; biotechnology and new products, etc.)

Cooperation and Integration at Social and Institutional levels (Euro-city Chaves / Verín, Uniminho)

70 non-structural“3 Structural projects”

Priority: COOPERATION IN MARITIME ISSUES

Let’s cooperate

Is there any funding?

Yes No

Projects

Strategic priorities

• Strengthening research, technological development and innovation

• Enhancing access to and use and quality of ICT• Enhancing the competitiveness of SMEs• Supporting the shift towards a low-carbon economy

in all sectors• Promoting climate change adaptation, risk

prevention and management

The content of the future INTERREG programme will be based on theeleven funding priorities mentioned in the EU regulation concerning theEuropean Regional Development Fund that aim to promote intelligent,sustainable and integrated growth (EU 2020 strategy) and to connecteconomic, environmental and social issues:

• Protecting the environment and promoting resource efficiency

• Promoting sustainable transport and removing bottlenecks in key network infrastructures

• Promoting employment and supporting labour mobility

• Promoting social inclusion and combating poverty• Investing in education, skills and lifelong learning by

developing education and training infrastructure• Enhancing institutional capacity and an efficient

public administration

Tangible-to-intangible

2007-2013

Intangible

2014-2020

2014-2020

Priorities:

Smart growth – making the Spanish - Portuguese border regionarea a region of knowledge and innovation that is competitiveinternationally.

Sustainable growth – promoting climate change adaptation, riskprevention and resource efficiency.

Territorial Cohesion - promoting cross border cooperationbetween administrations and citizens

Expected results• Strengthen the cross-border use of RESEARCH

INFRASTRUCTURES: + 402 researchers.• Surface area of Habitats supported to attain a better

CONSERVATION STATUS: 200,000 Hectares in Spanish -Portuguese border region.

• Increase the share of RENEWABLE ENERGY consumption inthe Spanish - Portuguese border region

• Increase the number of SMEs conducting cross-borderactivities: + 2580 enterprises.

• Improve the quality of cross-border services ofadministrations and institutions in the Spanish - Portugueseborder region. 7,459,022 citizens are concerned by futureconcrete projects on the ground.

Facilitate and promoteterritorial cooperation

First EU cooperation structure with a legal personality

Strengthening the economic and social cohesion (EU)

The EGTC Regulation (EC) No 1082/2006 was published in the Official Journal ofthe European Communities on 31 July 2006.

On 17 December 2013 in the The Official Journal of the EU the Revised EGTCRegulation (EU) No 1302/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of17 December 2013 amending Regulation (EC) No 1082/2006 on a Europeangrouping of territorial cooperation (EGTC).

This EGTC is an agent and promoter of interconnection for the Euroregion. It hasbeen created as a legally established meeting point for institutions, businessesand citizens on both sides of the border to develop joint projects and programs.

In 2012, the budget of the EGTC Galicia-Norte de Portugal was EUR 271.410 . The EGTC participated at the CBC Program Spain-Portugal, 2014-2020.

Regulation (European Council) no. 1302/2013, 17 December.Regulation (EU) No 1302/2013 of the European Parliament

Facilitating cross border relationship (e.g. governance; decision-making).

Adding value to the euroregional entrepreneur base, by promoting competition

through knowledge and innovation (e.g. universities; R & D).

Increasing euroregional social and institutional cohesion (e.g. human capital).

Developing transport and access to basic transport systems (e.g. road/rail/air).

Cross-border Cooperation

Knowledge-Innovation

Infrastructure

Regional Cohesion

Territorial cooperation Fostering regional competitiveness

Facilitation and coordination of the regions with public entities which take their liability portfolios, defined in terms of central governance.

Clarification of the cross-border human resources mobility.

Center in EGTC’s financial responsibility for the management of cross border cooperation and territorial projects

Explore the possibility of participation of private entities in cooperation

with the EGTC.

Governance

Employment Tax Health

Institutional responsibility

Decentralisation

Partnerships

EGTC – GNP: Main Propositions

Rights

EGTC – GNP: Operability

Industry Universities R & D Tourism

Creativity Knowledge Techn. Sea

Key regional sectors towards cross-border branding

It is a cultural, scientific and educational cooperation programthat will develop a system for the exchange of professors,researchers and administrative staff among the academiccenters of the Euroregion Galicia – Norte Portugal.

The GNP-EGTC has also between its future priorities, thecooperation with business clusters and the main economic areasof Galicia and North Portugal, as well as the support for theinnovation and to those activities able to generate a higher addedvalue and a competitive improvement for the Euroregion.

IACOBUS program.

Cooperation with business clusters

For a Smart Growth in Euroregion Galicia - Norte Portugal : The transfer of knowledge (I + D + i ) from universities to productive under the Europe 2020 Strategy

The European Grouping of TerritorialCooperation Galicia -Norte Portugal (GNP-EGTC) co-organized with the Foundation CEER,the Reflection Journey on the theme "For aSmart Growth in Euroregion Galicia - NortePortugal : The transfer of knowledge (I + D + i )from universities to productive under theEurope 2020 Strategy"

Smart growth

International Conference on Tourism - The Euroregion Galicia - Norte Portugal, which synergies, what future?

On last July 12 at the premises of Porto Calem at Vila Nova de Gaia, held the "International Conference on Tourism –

The Euroregion Galicia-Norte Portugal: Which synergies, what future?", organized by the:

European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation Galicia - Norte Portugal (GNP-EGTC) in collaboration with the Institute of Administration and Management (ISAG), the Tourism Agency of Galicia and the Regional Entity of Tourism Oporto and North Portugal (TPNP, ER)

Cross-border tourism

Cross-border tourism

1st JOB DAY of the Euroregion Galicia-North of Portugal - Metallurgy

Last 1st of July, the Galicia-North Portugal EuroregionJOB DAY – Metallurgy, took place in Tui. This event wasorganized by the GNP-EGTC, in collaboration withEURES-T, AIMMAP, ASIME, FELUGA and the Eurocity Tui-Valença.

The aims of this event were fostering job creation andcross border cooperation, also between companies.

Employment

Culture and Education

Mobility and logistics

Mobility and environment

Labour market

Infrastructures and equipment

Business cooperation

Launched at the end of 2012, the Norte 2020 initiative, developed in the frameworkof EU’s Europe 2020 growth strategy, is to help prepare the new programming cycle2014-2020. A regional action plan is being designed, which will establish Norte’sstrategic priorities and respective policy instruments and investments.

THE PLAN WILL ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING KEY TOPICS:Smart growth: economic structure, innovation, smart specialisation andinternationalisation.

Sustainable growth: environment, energy and sustainability; territory, cities and ruralareas; and transport infrastructure and logistics.

Inclusive growth: education and training; employment; and social and territorialinclusion.

Smart

Sustainable

Inclusive

InfrastructuresEnvironment

TourismIndustrial areas

2025

+Top Down

-Bottom Up

Eduardo Oliveirae.h.da.silva.oliveira@rug.nl

Thank you(references upon request via email)

http://www.rug.nl/staff/e.h.da.silva.oliveira/