geographical information system (gis) in communicable ... day/session 2/gis talk usth... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Geographical Information
System (GIS) in
Communicable Disease Control
Prof Dr Shamsul Azhar Shah
Department of Community Health
Faculty of Medicine
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
![Page 2: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
OVERVIEW
• Introduction
• Disease Surveillance
• Emerging/Re-emerging issues
• Feature Unique to Communicable Diseases
• Factors Influencing Transmission
• GIS function
• GIS in Public Health/Epidemiology
• Usage of GIS in Communicable Diseases
![Page 3: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
INTRODUCTION
• Populations and communities are geographically distributed and communities tend to have their own defining characteristics.
• Environment, which includes both physical (i.e., air quality, water quality, soil characteristics, radiation) , socio economic and lifestyle aspects have marked geographical variation.
• Communicable diseases - significantly affect the quality of life and the life span of all communities
– with certain parts of society being more vulnerable than others.
![Page 4: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Public health action prevents, limits and controls such diseases
– through disease prevention strategies and health promotion programs, including surveillance, investigation of reported cases and outbreaks, and appropriate action to prevent further spread.
• Maintenance of a strong communicable disease response is an integral part of a national strategy to maintain and improve the public health.
4
![Page 5: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
DISEASE SURVEILLANCE
• Disease surveillance is an epidemiological practice
by which the spread of disease is monitored in
order to establish patterns of progression.
• The main role of disease surveillance is to
– predict
– observe
– minimize
the harm caused by outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic
situations, as well as increase our knowledge as to what
factors might contribute to such circumstances.
![Page 6: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
EMERGING/RE-EMERGING
• Emerging infectious disease:
– An infectious disease that has newly appeared in a population or that has been known for some time but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range.
• Re-emerging
– diseases are those that have been around for decades or centuries, but have come back in a different form or a different location
![Page 7: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
SOME EXAMPLES:
EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING
EMERGING/NEWLY EMERGING
• Ebola
• Pandemic Influenza (H5N1, H1N1, MERSCOV...)
• SARS
• Nipah
• West Nile
• Mostly zoonotics
RE-EMERGING
• Tuberculosis
• Malaria
• Dengue
• Cholera
• Typhoid
![Page 8: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
FEATURES UNIQUE TO
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
1. A case may also be a source
2. People may be immune
3. A case may be a source without being
recognized.
4. There is often a need for urgency
5. Preventive measures often have good
scientific basis.
![Page 9: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Agent
Host
Environment
• Age
• Sex
• Genotype
• Behaviour
• Nutritional status
• Health status
• Infectivity
• Pathogenicity
• Virulence
• Immunogenicity
• Antigenic stability
• Survival
• Weather
• Housing
• Geography
• Occupational setting
• Air quality
• Food
Factors influencing disease
transmission
![Page 10: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
GIS FUNCTION
![Page 11: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
WHAT IS GIS? • A special kind of information system
– Capture, store, manage, retrieve, analyse & present
spatial information
– Mainly about location
• Integrate many different types of data
• With GIS we can easily: – Draw maps and visualise spatial distributions
– Edit and alter existing data
– Accurately measure distances and areas
– Overlay maps of different areas
![Page 12: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Imagine an overhead projector, with a series of transparencies laid upon
it. Each transparency is about your town, drawn to the same scale, and
can therefore be integrated with the others. But each transparency deals
with a different topic: roads, places, earthquakes, census divisions, soil
landscape data, and ecological zones:
GIS - An Analogy
![Page 13: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
The Global Positioning System
(GPS) is a system allowing to
precisely identify locations on
the Earth
Global Positioning System Device
GPS
Space Segment
Control segment
User segment
![Page 14: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Global Positioning System
Device
![Page 15: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
WHAT GIS CAN HELP
PUBLIC HEALTH? • Research Tools and Planning
– Constructing mathematical models
– Service planning and optimisation
– Making predictions
• Spatial Decision Support Systems
– Infrastructure – roads, towns, services
– Census – population statistics
– Medical resource (hospitals, clinics, available beds)
• Emergency Response Systems
– Medicare records, 911 services
– disease registers systems
![Page 16: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
GIS in Public Health
Incidence/Prevalence Spatial analysis Risk mapping
Service utilization
Cluster detection
![Page 17: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
GIS Applications in Epidemiology
1. Data Visualisation and Exploration
2. Data Integration
3. Monitoring
4. Geostatistics and Modelling
5. Spatial Interaction and Diffusion
6. Data Sharing and Web Services
![Page 18: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
USAGE OF GIS IN
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE CONTROL
![Page 19: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
DENGUE
•Vectorborne disease
•Spread by mossquitoes
(Aedes spp)
![Page 20: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
STUDY LOCATION: PETALING JAYA AND SUBANG, MALAYSIA
Number of cases map by area
![Page 21: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Point/Dot
representing the
cases overlayed
with NVDI map
(normalized
difference
vegetative index)
![Page 22: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Dengue cases
overlayed with
LST map (Land
surface
temperature)
![Page 23: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Point location of dengue cases in
MPPJ and MPSJ for year 2002
Landuse Map Classification
using Landsat
Areas circled in black indicates with a high
number of dengue fever cases. The cases
were found to be mainly focused in
buildup areas.
IKONOS satellite imagery was used for point
location of cases as well as the identification
of the area type (squatter colonies, high dense
residential area & etc.) because of its 1m
spatial resolution.
![Page 24: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Factors of dengue transmission in Majlis Perbandaran Petaling Jaya(MPPJ) and Majlis Perbandaran Subang Jaya(MPSJ) using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS)
![Page 25: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Population Density Map and Dengue
Case of Petaling Jaya (MPPJ) year
2001
Population Density Map and Dengue
Case of Petaling Jaya (MPPJ) year 2002
![Page 26: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Dengue
outbreak pattern
in 2002 from
Epid Week 1 to
Epid Week 52.
![Page 27: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
![Page 28: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
BACK
![Page 29: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
BACK
![Page 30: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
BACK
![Page 31: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
BACK
![Page 32: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
BACK
![Page 33: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
BACK
![Page 34: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
BACK
![Page 35: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
BACK
![Page 36: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Spatial statistics
![Page 37: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
TYPHOID
•Salmonella typhi
•Transmitted via food and water
•Human host
![Page 38: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
STUDY LOCATION: KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
![Page 39: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
NUMBER OF CASES BY AREA
![Page 40: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
INCIDENCE MAP
![Page 41: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
HOTSPOT ANALYSIS
![Page 42: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
HOTSPOT CLUSTERS BY POPULATION CENCUS
![Page 43: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
HOTSPOT WITH 500M BUFFER ZONE FROM RIVER
![Page 44: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
TUBERCULOSIS
•Mycobacterium tuberculosis
•Human to human
44
![Page 45: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
STUDY LOCATION: KOTA BHARU, KELANTAN, MALAYSIA
![Page 46: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
TB clusters in Kelantan, 2003-2007 by using SaTScan, Poisson model with pure space model
Clusters of pulmonary TB
Clusters of extra-pulmonary TB
![Page 47: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
STUDY LOCATION: CHERAS, KUALA LUMPUR (2008-2012)
![Page 48: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
CHIKUGUNYA
•Vectorborne diseases
•Transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes spp)
![Page 49: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
STUDY LOCATION: SELANGOR, N.SEMBILAN, PAHANG AND
JOHOR, MALAYSIA
![Page 50: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
SEROPOSITIVE OF CHIKUGUNYA IN THE
STUDY AREA
![Page 51: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
Red dots:
chikungunya
seropositive
Black dots:
chikungunya
seronegative
![Page 52: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
INFLUENZA
•Influenza A and B
•Human to human
•Animal to human
52
![Page 53: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
STUDY LOCATION: NIIGATA, JAPAN
Address matching system
![Page 54: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
Cases of influenza patients in 3 clinics
![Page 55: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
Total influenza patients within 500m mesh
![Page 56: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
PAY ATTENTION NOW TO
THE NEXT FOLLOWING
SLIDES
56
![Page 57: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
05-07w
![Page 58: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
06-08w
![Page 59: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
07-09w
![Page 60: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
08-10w
![Page 61: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
09-11w
![Page 62: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
10-12w
![Page 63: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
11-13w
![Page 64: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
12-14w
![Page 65: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
CHALLENGES IN
IMPLEMENTATION
65
![Page 66: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
What are the challenges?
• Abundance of data but incomplete (certain main
variables missing e.g. coordinates, case
confirmation)
• Not more than 5 years of data could be found (data
went missing, no back up)
• Not enough trained personnel in mapping (no
continuity, promotion to other unit)
• Not many epidemiologists trained with GIS
![Page 67: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
Most important…
• Can it be used as a surveillance
system where we need to make
sure it is ongoing, analysed and
utilised?
![Page 68: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
Conclusions • GIS is a relatively recent and complex
technology – which explains why it has not been used to its
full potential, especially in the health domain where it is extremely promising.
• A tool of prime importance in the surveillance and control of communicable diseases – Must be used in outbreak investigation
• Varieties of analysis could be done using GIS and different personnel need different aspect of the analysis
![Page 69: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
• We need to overcome manpower problems, data entry problems, mapping software etc.
• GIS is not a magical solution to all the difficulties regarding information in health care, but is a powerful tool capable of transforming the way with which information is dealt with.
69
![Page 70: Geographical Information System (GIS) in Communicable ... day/Session 2/GIS talk USTH... · Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2 OVERVIEW ... •SARS •Nipah •West Nile ... GIS](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022030410/5a9575747f8b9adb5c8c7b05/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
Thank You