geografi sumatera barat

8/17/2019 GEOGRAFI SUMATERA BARAT

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Oleh:

Drs. Sutarman Karim, M.SiDosen Geograf FIS UNP


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Pertemuan pakar gempa/tsunamidunia (Padang, 24 – 28 gustus2!!"#:

Sampai saat ini $elum ditemukanmet%da atau alat tekn%l%gi &ang

dapat mendeteksi gempa &ang akanter'adi ($aik 'am, hari, minggu, $ulan$ahkan tahun#


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PENUJAMAN LEMPENG DI PULAUSUMATERA

Di Sumatera ter'adi penu'aman antaradua lempeng tekt%nik, &aitu lempeng

ustralia dan lempeng urasia, sehingga

lempeng ustralia menu'am sampai 'auhke kerak $umi. ki$at dari penu'aman ini,&ang sering dise$ut dengan Malange,mengaki$atkan ter$entukn&a KepulauanMenta)ai &ang $ersi*at n%n +ulkanis. DiPulau Sumatera +ulkan mun ul ditengahantiklinal &ang meman'ang dari selatan

sampai utara.


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1. GEOMORFOLOGI ZONA SUBDUKSI•Lintasan survei deep-seismic CGGV-04 telah

mendeteksi adanya puncak gunung bawah laut pada posisi koordinat 4°2 !"#$ L%& ''°2#&002 ()! *uncakgunung bawah laut ini berada pada kedalaman !2$# mdengan dasar atau kaki gunung pada kedalaman #!'02 m!

+asil interpretasi data memperlihatkan bahwa gunung bawah laut ini memiliki ketinggian 4!, " m dan Lebarkaki gunung sekitar #0 km! Lokasi gunung bawah lautyang terdeteksi ini berada pada arak .20 km sebelah

barat dari /ota (engkulu! amun demikian& berdasarkankonsepsi tektonik& gunungapi di Lantai 1amudera tidakseberbahaya dibandingkan gunungapi yang terbentuk ditepian benua akti !


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*alung laut merupakan bentuk paritan meman ang dengankedalaman mencapai lebih dari ,!#00 meter! %mumnya palung lautini merupakan batas antara kerak samudera 3ndia dengan tepian

benua urasia sebagai bentuk penun aman yang menghasilkancelah meman ang tegak lurus terhadap arah penun aman

(eberapa patahan yang muncul di sekitar palung laut ini dapat

reakti kembali seperti yang diperlihatkan oleh hasil plot pusat- pusat gempa di sepan ang lepas pantai pulau 1umatera dan 5awa!1esar mendatar 6entawai yang ditemukan pada kspedisi6entawai 3ndonesia-*rancis tahun ''0-an terindikasi sebagaisesar mendatar yang berpasangan namun di berarapa bagianmemperihatkan bentuk sesar naik! +al ini merupakan salah satusebab makin meningkatnya tekanan kompresi dan seismisitas yangmenimbulkan kegempaan


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G 767897L7G3 *8316: :/8 13 ;: G :3/ / * 86%/:: 1 (:G:3

*%L:% *8316: :/8 13


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GEOMORFOLOGI PRISMA AKRESI DI SELATAN JAWA YANG

BELUM MUNCUL KE PERMUKAAN LAUT.


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•1urvey kemitraan 3ndonesia-5erman 1onne Cruise $,-21eacause-33 dilaksanakan pada tahun 200, di perairan barat acehsampai ke wilayah landas kontinen di luar 200 mil! +asil

interpretasi lintasan-lintasan seismik yang memotong cekungansimeulue yaitu lintasan .#- .' memperlihatkan indikasicekungan busur muka simelue merupakan cekungan a-symetrilaut dalam dengan kedalaman laut antara !000- !#00m& makinke barat ketebalan sedimen makin tebal mencapai #!000m lebih!? ;ang mengontrol akti nya sesar-sesar tumbuh = growth fault ? sehingga mengakibatkan de ormasistruktur batuan sedimen pada tepian cekungan!


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-e%ri ini mengungkapkan $agaimana lempeng lit%s*erselalu $ergerak kearah tertentu umi terdiri dari $e$erapa lapisan &ang mempun&ai

si*at sik dan plastisitas $er$eda Kerak $umi dan kulit $umi $ersi*at tegar, sedangkan inti

$umi $agian atas $ersi*at panas dan lunak Kerak $umi merupakan suatu lempeng &ang

mengapung di atas lapisan asten%s*er -er'adi aliran k%n+eksi $agian atas dengan $agian

$a)ah aki$at temperatur 0apisan asten%s*er mempengaruhi lapisan di atasn&a

sehingga pe ah men'adi lempeng $esar ( urasia1 *rika1india/ ustralia

0empeng $esar terpe ah men'adi lempeng ke il(3ilipina, $ering, ra$, S%malia dll#


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300 juta tahun yang laluPemukaan bumi merupakan satu kesatuanyang disebut Pangea

200 juta tahun yang laluPangea terbelah menjadi dua :Gondwana (Afrika, Australia,Antartika dan ndia! dan "aurasia

(#ropa, Amerika $tara, dan Asia! %ang bergerak ke arah yangberbeda

Gondwana dan "aurasia terbelah

menjadi daratan&daratan ke'ilergerak pada permukaan bumise'ara terus menerus sejauh beberapa'm) tahun


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24Source: Dietmar Muller, Sydney University


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Al-Quran (Al Ghosyiyah ayat 2 !

"a#a$ah mere$a (oran%-oran% $a&ir! tida$melihat 'a%aimana 'umi (daratan!

di'entan%$an (di#isah$an! satu den%anyan% lainnya


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$ *#*A *# A G/


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*$+A #-A *#*A- *#+A.G/

P#- #+$A. "#+P#.G

)*M+* GD. AUS/0A) A

)*M+* G1* UA *U0AS A

200&300/+

*amudera 1india


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Recent Eart !"a#e$ % La$t &%'( Da)$

;ou may need to reload this page or the latest list! urrent ime: ue, 2 *ep 2004 02: 5: $


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"empengAustralia

6awa

Papua

/alimantan

"empeng 1india

"empengPhilippine *ea

"empengaroline

"empeng#urasia +olu''a

*ulawesi

ali

Asia

* u b d u k s i * u n d a

andaAr'

90 E

15 N

* e s a r * u m a t r a

*umatra

5 6 7 MP , -S 6 M9 D 6 7 6 67 M 0 - S

*esar flores

*esar Palu&/oro

Tektonik setting dan zonasi INDONESIA :


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g


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A. PERTEMUAN DUA LEMPENG TEKTONIK 1. TERJADIN A SU!DAKSI DI SE!ELA" !ARAT KEP. META#AI $. TERDAPATN A % SEGMEN DAERA" RA#AN GEMPA a. Seg&en A'e()An*a&an +. Seg&an Se&e,-, '. Seg&en N as *. Se&en Ke/,-a,an !a , e. Se&en S +er, . Seg&en S /ora)Paga g. Seg&en Enggano

!. DILALUI PATA"AN SEMANGKO


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A. SEGMEN SUMANI . Pan'angn&a ;! km 2. Mem$entang dari +ulkanik D. Diatas sampai ke

$aratda&aD. Singkarak


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7empa sangat 'arang mem$unuh >ang mem$unuh umumn&a

$angunan, &akni $angunan &angk%nstruksin&a tidak $er)a)asan$en ana


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http://www.tpkkoja.co.id/image_news/gempa_harley/5.jpghttp://www.tpkkoja.co.id/image_news/gempa_harley/3.jpg


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http://www.tpkkoja.co.id/image_news/gempa_harley/2.jpghttp://www.tpkkoja.co.id/image_news/gempa_harley/5.jpghttp://www.tpkkoja.co.id/image_news/gempa_harley/3.jpg


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-e7erse fault


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-e7erse fault


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-e7erse fault

TAIWAN 1999


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Jembatan ini hancur karena dibangun di ataslokasi yang pas di atas garis patahan gempa!


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*trike&slip fault


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*trike&slip fault


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*trike&slip fault


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Mem$uat $angunan $erk%nsultasidengan ahlin&a. 969 P 6-967???

angunan harus sesuai dengan

$uilding %de ( uku Peraturanangunan -ahan 7empa#


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33au@i 1 M7

Ge&/a +,& +e-,& s,:ses * /re* :s:a/an er;a* n


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5

!o o&/ress,re

ga,ge

!,o<

Le&/eng Te: on :

Sa&,*era " n* a

S a 0 e

- - . 0 e

Sa e-- e

Se s&ogra/(6Daerah)

T *e ga,ge GPS

!MG P,sa

+G+G

???

S,&+er @ LIPI ) Mod

1 . Da 0 a S e s & o g r a / (

$ . D a 0 a T n g g M , : a La , 0 A K o n f r & a s

. Da aT nggM,:aLa,

S n


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54

+G+GMereka tidak tahu bahwa air surut tersebut merupakan tanda –tanda tsunami akan datang

.orth *hore of ahu, 1awaii8 9uring the tsunami generated by the+ar'h , ; 4, Aleutian sland earth


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55

*arth6ua$e *#icenters (*n%dahl 3754-2 5 M8 !


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Seismic %a#s

PA9A.G

A" % G%A

EURASIAN PLATE

1941 (7.9)

200= (+ 8; !


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Sumatran *ault C%ne

INDIAN)AUSTRALIAN

PLATE

EURASIAN PLATE

" ! – ; !

m m / & e a r P l a

t e

m % + e m e

n t

6akarta

1881 (7.9)

;4 4 (+58= !

1861(M~8.5)

1907 (~M7.8)

; 3 (+484!

2000 (M7.8)

2002

;533 (58 !

200 (+ 8; !

200 (+ 584! Currently locked,Near end of cycle

section

$n known se'tion,.o large eart


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+adan% is a ca#ital o& est Sumatera +rovince; Almost 3 million #eo#le live in the< ty; Geo%ra#hically, it lays on the =est coast o& Sumatra sland and has a direct'order =ith the o#en sea ( ndian .cean!


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1AG0.U D

/he /sunami incidents in Aceh ias and series o& *arth6ua$es in Sumatra


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/he /sunami incidents in Aceh, ias and series o& arth6ua$es in Sumatraslands has =o$en u# the )ocal Authorities and the +eo#le o& +adan%;

/hey are startin% to reali?e that they live in vulnara'le area;


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@ 0)5 M

@ 5 10 M

@ 10 $5 M

@ $5 100 M

@ C 100 M

/.+.G0A+@ MA+ .9+ADA G < /


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http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hgae.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfdz.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfc2.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfcl.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfce.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfb8.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfcp.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfbx.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfbw.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfbv.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfbf.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfbh.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfbd.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfbb.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfba.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfbe.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfa7.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfa4.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfa1.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfax.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfaw.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfau.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfar.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfan.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfam.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfal.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hfai.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hec6.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hec3.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hecs.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hecv.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hebj.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hebf.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007heba.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hebb.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hea6.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hea4.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hea2.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2007hear.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Maps/10/100_5.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Maps/10/100_-5.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Maps/10/105_0.phphttp://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Maps/10/95_0.php


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Se ara s ienti gempa masih sulitdiramal (', h, m, $, thn#.

0alu $agaimanaB6gungsi

gmn aran&aKemanaSampai kapan

Kalau = S , tsunamikahB E)$: -ergantung episentrum


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geografi sumatera barat

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