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Exploratory analysis of neighbourhood data

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Census and administrative data

• Lecture overview*Change to Census Registration System*

Objectives of lecture

Introductory questions

Exploratory (spatial) data analysis

Neighbourhood Statistics

CASWEB/CommonGIS

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NB: Updated registration system (8 Mar 04)

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Special conditions…

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Objectives

• To review the principles of exploratory data analysis

• To examine tools for exploratory spatial analysis of neighbourhood data– (Not using the Neighbourhood Statistics

Service)– (Not Using GIS software)– Using CASWEB/CommonGIS

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Introductory questions…

What is exploratory spatial data analysis?

How might it apply to neighbourhood data?

Which tools should I use?

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NeSS Interactive Mapping

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NeSS thematic mapping

Owner occupation: wards

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NeSS thematic mapping

• Conventional choropleth (shaded area) mapping

• One variable at a time• Little control over class breaks• No interactivity• No linked plots

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Exploratory spatial data analysis

• Spatial pattern detection• Hypothesis formulation• Some aspects of spatial model fitting• Specifically:

– What makes neighbourhoods different?– Why might these patterns be present?– Can we explain/predict the observed

relationships?

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Login to Casweb

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Select data as usual…

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Select ‘Visualisation’ option

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Why not use GIS?

• Data management philosophy rather than data exploration

• Sophisticated spatial data manipulation

• Few statistical and analytical tools

• Cartographic rather than statistical approach to mapping

• Less interactivity• Rarely offering

dynamically linked plots

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Casweb/CommonGIS tutorial

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CommonGIS window

Hampshire wards

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Calculation of new variables

Selecting home ownership (outright, buying)

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Interactive thematic mapping

Home ownership

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Neighbourhood ESDA

• Spatial patterns and statistical distributions:– Univariate patterns– Multivariate patterns

• EDA focus on level, shape, spread, outliers

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CommonGIS display wizard

• Select 1 or more variables to visualise

• Map(s) and/or chart(s)• Explore spatial distributions and

attribute relationships• Linked windows• Interactive data exploration

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Linked windows

Home ownership vs no car

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Alternative visualizations

Home ownership vs no car

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Cross-classification

Home ownership vs no car

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Assignment

• Run Casweb/CommonGIS• Work through the tutorial• Use a study area bigger than, but

containing, your original neighbourhood

• Investigate how your neighbourhood fits into the local pattern

• Use 1- and 2- variable measures

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Lecture summary

• Exploratory spatial data analysis• Relevance to understanding the

complex pattern of neighbourhood identities

• Introduction to the CommonGIS tool for exploring and visualising census data

• Assignment