geog 5900: climatology. atmospheric sciences at a glance (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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Geog 5900: Climatology
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Atmospheric Sciences at a Glance (1)
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Life cycle of the Sun and the Earth
The earth will be inhabitable for another 0.5 billion years, if we protect it well enough.
After another 1 billion years, all oceans and rivers will have completely disappeared. The mean global temperature will reach 160 F.
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Our planet earth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6D5FwFSOJf8
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The earth’s climate systemAtmosphere
Land
Ocean
Sea ice
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Some basic concepts
• Atmosphere: A mixture of gas molecules, microscopically small particles of solid and liquid, and falling precipitation
• Meteorology: The study of the atmosphere and the processes that form weather
• Weather: The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place
• Climate: The statistical properties of the atmosphere. (i.e. averages and variability)
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The mission of the atmospheric sciences is to understand and predict weather, climate, and
related disasters
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Fair weather
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Monet: Waterlillies (the clouds) 1903
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Sheng Mao (~1300AD): Sitting and watching clouds passing by(盛懋 : 坐看云起图 )
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Weather-related Disasters: Tropical Cyclones(Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclones)
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Weather-related Disasters: Tropical Cyclones(Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclones)
Global distribution of the paths of major tropical cyclones during the last 150 years. On average, ~ 80 per year around the world.
U.S. Fatalities: normal year 21, Katrina 1836 U.S. Property loss: normal year $5400 million, Katrina $84000 million
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Weather-related Disasters: Tornadoes
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Weather-related Disasters: Tornadoes U.S. Annual mean fatalities 56,
annual mean loss $777 million
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Weather-related Disasters: Hail Storms Annual mean fatalities 1,
annual mean loss $938 million
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Weather-related Disasters: Floods
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Weather-related Disasters: Floods U.S. Annual mean fatalities 8,
annual mean loss $5300 million
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Weather-related Disasters: Lightning Annual mean fatalities 69,
annual mean loss $38 million
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Weather-related Disasters: Extreme Heat Annual mean fatalities
282, annual mean loss $85 million
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Weather-related Disasters: Winter Storms
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Weather-related Disasters: Winter Storms U.S. Annual mean fatalities
57, annual mean loss $329 million
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Weather-related Disasters: Extreme Cold Annual mean fatalities
292, annual mean loss $368 million
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Summary: Weather-related Disasters in US
Hurricanes
Blizzards Extreme cold
Flooding Lightning Fire Tornadoes
Hails
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Summary: Weather-related Disasters in US
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Climate-related Disasters over the world Example 1: El Nino
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Disastrous effects of 1982-1983 El Nino:1.Australia-Drought and devastating brush fires 2.Indonesia, Philippines-Crops fail, starvation follows3.India, Sri Lanka-Drought,fresh water shortages4.Tahiti-6 tropical cyclones5.South America-Fish industry devastated - decrease in nutrients off Peru- fewer fish (anchovy)6.Across the Pacific-Coral reefs die7.Colorado River basin-Flooding, mud slides8.Gulf states-Downpours cause death, property damage9.Peru, Ecuador-Floods, landslides10.Southern Africa-Drought, disease, malnutrition
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Climate-related Disasters over the world Example 2: Global Warming
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Global warming is a critical issue we are facing right now
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Effects on society
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Weather and Air Transportation
From National Weather Service
From CASA, Australia
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Weather/Climate and Public Health- New diseases appear on Tibet and other regions due to global warming
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Weather/Climate and economy- Green economy
• Renewable energy• Green buildings• Clean transportation• Water management• Waste management• Land management
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Weather/Climate and Basic Science/ Philosophy: Teleconnection and
Interaction
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Weather/Climate and EducationPassing the message to the kids
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Summary• Atmosphere: A mixture of gas molecules,
microscopically small particles of solid and liquid, and falling precipitation
• Meteorology: The study of the atmosphere and the processes that form weather
• Weather: The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place
• Climate: The statistical properties of the atmosphere. (i.e. averages and variability)
• Weather- and climate-related disasters: tropical cyclones, tornados, floods, droughts, winter storms, extreme heat, extreme cold, lightning, El Nino, global warming
• Impacts of weather/climate on public health, transportation, agriculture, business, international relationships, history, science, philosophy, education, …