geo l16 soil formation profile

7/25/2019 GEO L16 Soil Formation Profile

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Geological history ofIndia

Physiography of India

Indian weather: seasons

Climatic regions of India

Soils of India


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Soil Formation

Soil Prole

Soil Erosion -conservation

Soil-Salinity &conservation

Soil


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esertication &

Prevention

Soils of India

!and "se-Pattern inIndia

Soil


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#oc$ Climate #el

%iota ime

Soil- forming factors


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Soil made 'perosion of pa

roc$

It provides sominerals( te)

str'ct're( p*porosity

Soft roc$s + ,soil formatio

hard roc$s

Soil- forming factors: roc$s


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Climate: temp rainfall

.gent of erosio

ry region + w

/et region +w

Cold region + gClimate a0ect type of erosionintensity of ero

Soil- forming factors: Climate


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#elief control tclimate and tyforest

Steep gradientthin( 'nder

developed soilPlain 2low grad1 thic$( welldeveloped soil

Soil- forming factors: #elief


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4icro-organism

in enrichment #oots of veget+ agent ofweathering

*'m's contenvegetation pron'trients to so

Soil- forming factors: %iota


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Soil-formation long

process

.ll the factors neeto form the soil

.fter weathering +decides mat'rity o

Soil- forming factors: ime


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Capilla

ry"pward

movementof

minerals

*ot anddry

climate

leachi

ngownwardmovement

of

minerals

*'midcondition

ransportation in soil


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Chemical Processes within soi

!eaching

2*'mid3

*ot-h'mid !at

Cold-h'mid Po


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Soilprocesse

s

Capillary

!eaching

!at

PoGleying

Chemical Processes within soi


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In hot and dry

climateEvaporation is

Salts within thcome at the '

layer

Calci'm salts

Soil salinity

Chemical Processes of soil: capil


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In hot and h'mclimate

*eavy rainfall

Silica within somove downwa,'t Iron and

al'min'm rem'pper layer

.cidic and redsoil

!ateritic soil

Chemical Processes of soil: !each

Silic

a

Iron +Al


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In cold and h'climate

Iron and .l'mmove downwaand silica rem'pper layer

Gray in colo'r

Pod5oilic soil

!ow fertility

Chemical Processes of soil: !each

Silica

Iron +

Al


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In swampy + p

soilserai( 4angrovregion

%l'ish in colo'

E)cessive Potasalts

Chemical Processes of soil: Gley

S il


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Soil Formation

Soil Prole

Soil Erosion -conservation

Soil-Salination &conservation

Soil

S il P l


19/22

Soil have di0e

layers with di0physical andchemical prop

4anagement o

hori5ons impofor soil conser

Soil Prole

S il P l


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*ori5ons of soil:

6 1 organic d'sleaves( litter

.1 top soil withn'trients

E 1 transition 5o% 1 s',-soil

C 1 weathered material

Soil Prole

S il P l


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C 1 parent roc$

6 and # not parf'nctional soil

Soil erosion 1 lotop soil 2. and E

% cannot s'ppoplant life

E)treme soil eroloss of % also

Soil Prole


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Leaching

. layer is leached

% layer enriched

!atosol . 2.l( iron3(

% 2Silica3Pod5ol . 2silica3( %2.l( iron3

. layer is enric

. layer will ha

Calci'm( or Sosalts

capillary

geo l16 soil formation profile

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