geo environmental engineering assignment
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GEO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ASSIGNMENT
SELECTION OF LANDFILL SITES FOR SOLID WASTE IN DAMATURU TOWN
-USING GIS TECHNIQUESAyo babalola,Ibrahim busu
ABIN BABU C8 A8103
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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,TKMCE ,KOLLAM
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MUNCIPAL SOLID WASTEGreatest threat to any townshipCan be
◦Biodegradable waste◦Recyclable waste◦Inert waste◦Electrical and electronic waste◦Hazardous waste◦Toxic waste
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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,TKMCE ,KOLLAM
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YOU KNOW…America generates 140 million
tons of solid wasteJapan and germany close to 50
million tonsIndia generates 500 -700 gm per
head per day
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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,TKMCE ,KOLLAM
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Landfills Cheapest form of final disposal of
muncipal solid wasteConfined to smaller areaCompacted to reduce volumeSELECTION OF SITE is a complex task
◦ SOCIAL◦ GEOGRAPHICAL ◦ POLITICAL ◦ ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,TKMCE ,KOLLAM
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DAMATURU TOWNLocal government area in YOBE
state,NIGERIAPopulation is mainly muslimTemp range 30 -42Rainfall 400 -800 mmPopulation 2,55 ,895(2011)NE and SW maritime airmasses
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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,TKMCE ,KOLLAM
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Factors considered while selection of landfill
Sitting criteria• Administrative,agricultural,co
mmercial,educational• Settlement,waterbody ,recreat
ion
Road network • National highways and other
major roads• Accessibility
Infiltration• Potential risk of contamination
of GWT• not important in nigeria
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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,TKMCE ,KOLLAM
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elevation •Elevation is an important parameter•Too much steep is not suitable for landfill
groundwater table •Risk of contamination•15-20 most suitable•5 -15 less suitable
wind •direction of wind•Flat terrain is least preffered
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Distance (residential) •Increased distance reduce public opposition•500 m away is taken suitable•Residential areas are classified as high medium and low density
Distance(road network) •Neither too close or too long•But it should be within 300 m or so
surfacewater •Not sited near rivers ,lakes, ponds and swamps•As away (atleast 100 m) is suitable
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Sensitive areas •Areas of cultural and historic importance•Churches ,conventional centres graveyards
Precipitation •Higher precipitation is not suitable
slope •High slopes and flats are not prefered•Medium slope of not more than 20
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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,TKMCE ,KOLLAM
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GISIt is a computer system designed to capturestoremanipulateanalyse manage and presentall type of spacial and geographical
data
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CaptureData
GIS Process
RegisterMap Base
InterpretData
Convert Datato DigitalFormat
Store Datain Computer
ProcessData
DisplayResults
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GIS System
CARTOGRAPHICDISPLAY SYSTEM
GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS SYSTEM
MAP DIGITIZINGSYSTEM
IMAGEPROCESSINGSYSTEM
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM
DATABASEMANAGEMENTSYSTEM
IMAGES
MAPS
MAPS
STATISTICALREPORTS
STATISTICSTABULAR DATA
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Vector and Raster Representation of Point Map Features
Map Feature GIS VectorFormat GIS Raster
Format
(X,Y)Coordinate in space
Cell Locatedin an Array
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Vector and Raster Representation of Line Map Features
GIS VectorFormat
GIS RasterFormat
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Vector and Raster Representation of Area Map Features
Map Feature GIS VectorFormat
GIS RasterFormat
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Comparison of Raster and Vector Formats
Raster formats are efficient when comparing information among arrays with the same cell size.
Raster files are generally very large because each cell occupies a separate line of data, only one attribute can be assigned to each cell, and cell sizes are relatively small.
Vector formats are efficient when comparing information whose geographical shapes and sizes are different.
Vector files are much smaller because a relatively small number of vectors can precisely describe large areas and a many attributes can be ascribed to these areas.
Raster Vector
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Comparison of Raster and Vector Formats
Raster representations are relatively coarse and imprecise
Vector representations of shapes can be very precise.
Raster Vector
Most GIS software can display both raster and vector data. Only a limited number of programs can analyze both types of data or make raster type analyses in vector formats.
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DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,TKMCE ,KOLLAM
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Different attributes have different weightage
Weight was obtained from Analytical Network Process(ANP)
for example ◦Landuse -0.168◦road-.06◦Waterbody .10
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conclusionMulti criteria analysis suggested
14 sites Among them 7 met land
requirement crieria of 20 hec