PowerPoint Presentation

Genocide HistoryMore than 50 million people were systematically murdered in the past 100 years- the century of mass murder.In sheer numbers, these and other killings make the 20th century the bloodiest period in human history. National Geo. 2006What is Genocide??Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such: Killing members of the group.Causing serious bodily or mental harm. Deliberately inflicting conditions of life for physical destruction in whole or in part. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the groupForcibly transferring children of the group to another group."Genocide in HistoryThere are many cases of Genocide which have existed throughout our history dating back to biblical times. Native American PeopleAfter the arrival of the Europeans in 1492- Native populations began to drastically decrease. Some methods of genocide included MurderInfected smallpox blanketsScalping ProclamationsTreatiesReservationsThe Indian Removal ActsAnglicization in English schools to remove heritage.

Population declined 80-90% in the first 100 years The CongoThe population decreased due to murder, disease, starvation. Congo Free State was privately owned by King Leopold II and he started the mass murders and slave labor.In 1908 end of Leopolds rule

21.5 million people died in Congo from 1880-1920

Armenian Genocide (1915-1923)The Ottoman Empire (Turkish) existed from 1299 to 1923. They were responsible for the following:Deportation of 2,000,000 from their homeland- 1,500,000 of the men, women and children were then murdered. 500,000 were expelled from the Armenian homeland which existed for 2,500 years.The Turkish govt disputes these charges 15 countries agree (France and Russia)

Up to 1.5 million Armenians were slaughtered

The Armenian Genocide ControversyTo this day, the Turks deny that the Genocide occurred.This is a VERY controversial issue to the Turks.Turkey suspended its military ties with France in 2006 after the French parliament's lower house adopted a bill that that would have made it a crime to deny that the Armenian killings constituted a genocide.23 countries acknowledge the event was genocideIn early October 2007, the U.S. Congress opened debate on whether or not to declare the Armenian event a genocide much to the dismay of the Turkish government.

Ukrainian Famine 1932-1933Famine was the act of Genocide committed by the Soviet GovernmentIn 1932 the Soviets increased grain production 44%, which resulted in Grain Shortage- the peasants could not feed themselves. The Soviet knew this, but would not let them eat (by law) until the quota was met. They could not travel for food.Stalin states that "the great bulk (of the 10 million) were very unpopular and were wiped out by their labourers."

7,000,000 to 15,000,000 people, mostly Ukrainians, diedWORLD WAR II 1939-1945World War II resulted in the deaths of millions of innocent men, women and children.While incidents such as the Holocaust and the Rape of Nanking are obvious examples, numerous other incidents demonstrate how conflict is often a trigger for these events to occur such as:Strategic bombing of civilian targets (all sides)Forced relocation of RacesDisplacement and refugees due to war.

Over 20 million People were killed. Nanking Massacre, 1937-1938In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army marched into China's capital city of Nanking and proceeded to murder 300,000 out of 600,000 civilians and soldiers in the city.

The six weeks of carnage would become known as the Rape of Nanking and represented the single worst atrocity during the World War II era in either the European or Pacific theaters of war.

Two Japanese officers, Toshiaki Mukai and Tsuyoshi Noda competing to see who could kill (with a sword) one hundred people first. The bold headline reads, "'Incredible Record' (in the Contest to) Cut Down 100 PeopleMukai 106 105 NodaBoth 2nd Lieutenants Go Into Extra Innings"Over 300,000 killed The Holocaust 1939-1945During the Holocaust the Nazis killed 6million Jews, 3 million POWs, 2 million Poles and 400,000 other undesirables(slaves, homosexuals and communists)The holocaust was most predominant from previous genocides because of the cruelty, scale and efficiency of the mass murders. People were killed by: open-air shootings, by killing squads, extermination camps (gas chambers, mass shootings)

Over 11 million People were killed.

China, 1945-1976 Mao Zedong and his communist government killed 30 million Chinese people during his reign in 1945-1976.Most of these were citizens who opposed the govt or thought differentlySome were ethnic groups

Approx. 30 million killed Genocides from 1951-PresentCambodia GuatemalaSaddam Hussein & IraqBalkansRwandaSudan

Cambodia 1975-1979The communist party Khmer Rouge and leader Pol Pot ruled Cambodia from 1975-1979. They were responsible for forced labor, starvation, and execution. This was one of the most lethal regimes of the 20th century.This communist party killed suspect ethnic groups- Chinese, Vietnamese, Buddhist monks, and refugees.

The Khmer Rouge killed 1.7 million

Guatemala, 1980sIt was believed that the Mayan communities were allies of the communist guerrillas who opposed the Government.This led to increasing and worsening human rights violations perpetrated against them, It led to extermination en masse of defenseless Mayan communities, including children, women and the elderly,.Often whole villages were rounded up and killed often in brutal waysby special Civil Patrol units.

The Mayan Genocide - 200,000 killed

Iraq, 1988The Anfal Campaign against the Kurds was a systematic and deliberate murder of at least 50,000 and possibly as many as 100,000 Kurds. It was the culmination of a long term strategy to solve what the government saw asits Kurdish problem.

Halabja (March 88) was one chapter of this campaign in which chemical weapons were used against this Kurdish Village.50-100,000 People killed. Balkans, 1991-2000After the WWI Bosnia was united with other Slav territories to form Yugoslavia, essentially ruled and run by Serbs. Yugoslavia disintegrated in June 1991Throughout the region conflict between the three main ethnic groups - the Serbs, Croats, and Muslims, resulted in genocide committed by the Christian Serbs against the Muslims in Bosnia and Kosovo.

Over 50,000 People killed. RWANDA 1994The Rwandan Genocide was the slaughter of an estimated 800,000 to 1,000,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus, mostly carried out by two extremist Hutu militia groups during a period of 100 days from April 6th through mid-July 1994.The Western and First World Countries did nothing to help this situation. Prior to the attacks the UN did not respond to reports of the Hutu plans.This Genocide was ended when the Tutsi rebel movement (Rwandese Political Front) seized power from the Hutu Government.

Up to 1 million People killed. Rwanda 1994 Hutu Mobs armed with machetes and other weapons killed roughly 8,000 Tutsis a day during a three-month campaign of terror. Powerful nations stood by as the slaughter surged on despite pleas from Rwandan and UN observersNational Geographic 2006.

Darfur, Sudan 2003- PresentExact numbers are difficult, estimates include:About 300,000 people have been killed or died of starvationOver 2 million people have been displaced.Janjaweed Nomadic, Black Arab militia supported by Government have attempted to remove the black, non-Arab farmers and take land in the Darfur region.There is risk of famine and a threat to international security of other countries. "This is more than just a conflict. It is an organised attempt [by Khartoum the Government] to do away with a group of people. The only difference between Rwanda [in 1994] and Darfur now is the numbers of dead, murdered, tortured and raped involved. - Mukesh Kapila ( UN coordinator) 300,000 People killed? Scientists continue to discover mass graves and are exhuming the remains. They try to determine the cause of death in the skeletons and then match up the bones/identity info. to determine who the victims were. Hundreds of Iraquis have been exhumed-but there are still thousands more to be found. Humans allow Genocide to continue and the civilized first world countries continue to look the other wayand the tragedies continue. Will humans ever overcome the ethnic hatreds and other factors that contribute to genocide? Current Research