Genocide

Certain acts undertaken with the intent to destroy, in whole or in substantial part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.

SUDAN1. Sudan is about the size of ¼ of the US.2. IMR = 91; LE = 49; 3. Literacy = 61%4. People living with AIDS = 2.3%5. PCI = $2,300; 80% agriculture6. 70% Muslim, 25% indigenous, 5% Christian7. 6,960 miles of paved road (US = 10.2 million)8. 12 AM stations, 1 FM, 3 TV stations

Timeline1. A British colony until 1956.2. 1955-1972 First Sudanese Civil War3. 1983-2002(?) Second Sudanese Civil War (Muslim vs. Christian)4. 1993 - Islamic Law (Shari’a) established 5. 1991 – Osama bin Laden moves to Sudan 6. February 2003 – conflict begins again7. July 2004 – US Congress declares the situation genocide

a. The UN has not8. January 2005 – south can declare independence after 6 years

a. Oil profit shared 50-509. August 2006 – UN wants to send in peace keeping force

a. Sudan says this is an invasion10. 2008 – International Criminal Courts charges president with 10 war crimes

Conflict1. Sudanese government-backed militia known as “Janjaweed” vs.

rebel Sudanese Liberation Army/Movement (SLA/SLM) 2. Sudanese government denies supporting the Janjaweed, but has

provided money and has participated in joint attacks with the group.

3. They are targeting the specific ethnic groups in Darfur4. Rebels want the government of Sudan to address

underdevelopment and the political marginalization of the region.

5. UN says 300,000 have died; Sudanese government says 9,0007. 2.5 million refugees

RwandaRwanda is about the size of Maryland

IMR = 67; LE = 48

Literacy = 70%

People living with AIDS = 2.8%

PCI = $900

90% agriculture

84% Hutu, 15% Tutsi

1,654 miles of paved road (US = 10.2 million)

0 AM stations, 10 FM, 2 TV stations

Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa – 1,057/ sq. mi (USA =85) 

Rwanda Genocide1. Civil War 1990-1994

2. Hutu’s were in control of the government

3. Tutsi’s were trying to gain more control in the government

4. Hutu government discussed genocide at cabinet meetings

5. April, 1994 – potential peace agreement with U.N. help

6. April 6, 1994 – presidents plane shot down – by Tutsi’s?

7. The next 100 days 500,000-800,000 people killed

a. 20% of total population

8. U.N. doctrine forbids intervening unless there is genocide (?)