geneva, switzerland, 25 october 2013
DESCRIPTION
ITU Workshop on “ Making Media Accessible to all: The options and the economics ” (Geneva, Switzerland, 24 (p.m.) – 25 October 2013). Access Services for TV Quality Metrics and Challenges in the Provision of Live Closed Captioning in Brazil. Gabriela Campedelli - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Geneva, Switzerland, 25 October 2013
Access Services for TVQuality Metrics and Challenges in the Provision
of Live Closed Captioning in Brazil
Gabriela Campedelli Cidade do Conhecimento USP, Brazil
ITU Workshop on “Making Media Accessible to all:The options and the economics”
(Geneva, Switzerland, 24 (p.m.) – 25 October 2013)
Geneva, Switzerland, 25 October 2013 2
Background data
Population 201 millionArea 8.5 million km2
An estimated 16 million Brazilians (8%) have special needsFree-to-air TV still important Internet surfing approaching same numbers as TV.
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TV in Brazil
Analogue terrestrial broadcastingFederative broadcasting model:
All local stationsNetwork composed by local content affiliates
Digital terrestrial TV ISDB-T started in 2007Analog swicth-off planned for 2016 (option to extend deadline)
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TV genres in Brazil
The programming provider station and affiliates all offer pre-recorded and live programming:
News and current affairsGeneral entertainmentTelenovelasPre-recorded soaps and seriesMoviesReality showsMusic shows
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TV access services in Brazil
Demand5+ million individuals (2.5%) who are deaf or have recognized, serious hearing impairments
Supply14 hours daily (from 6 am to 2 am) – regulator only counts 2 hours from 2 am to 6 am 6 hours (6-14) and 6 hours (17 – 02)Regulatory framework applies to all free-to-air TV in cities with 500,000+ inhabitants
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TV captioning - metrics
NORMA BRASILEIRA ABNT NBR 15290 Primeira edição 31.10.2005 Acessibilidade em
comunicação na televisão [Accessibility in TV captions]
Predates legislation and audience research on deafness and accessibility!Based on ’old’ US and Canadian standardsSpecifications for captioning, video description and sign language
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TV captioning - metrics
Closed captioningCaptioning delay max. 4 seconds (live) or frame-accurate (pre-recorded content) [c.f. 4.1.9 Sincronia]
Minimum/maximum display times depending on whether there are one, two or three lines of captioning [c.f. 4.2.8 Tempo de exposição]
Verbatim captioning for live closed captioning98% accuracy threshold for live captioning
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TV captioning - metrics
No specification of how this is to be measured (c.f. NER model – Spain – AENOR 15390)NCRA in USA uses as parameter for quality of transcriptions for live stenotype but these are not mandatory thereNo mention of the research on which these metrics were based
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TV captioning - evidence
Users in Brazil report inobservancy in ABNT metricsSynchronicity in ABNT metrics are impossible to achieveBBC’s recent paper by Mike Armstrong
demonstrated the link between syncronicity and perceived quality by viewers.
Source: Mike Amstrong (2013). THE DEVELOPMENT OF A METHODOLOGY TO EVALUATE THE PERCEIVED QUALITY OF LIVE TV SUBTITLES. BBC R&D, UK, IBC 2013.
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TV captioning - evidence
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TV captioning - evidence
"The clearest trend for timing was for people watching with sound where there was a strong and statistically significant increase in the quality score with improved timing (reduced delay).For the range of timings tested, each 1 second reduction in the subtitle delay gave just over 5 points improvement in the quality score."
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TV captioning - evidence
The presentation time of each caption also depends on: Presentation form (Pop-up or Roll-on)Liguistic issues (verbatim or linguistic condensation to reduce the required reading speed). Are we using the research that has already be done in this field?
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TV captioning – other issues affecting quality
Analog TVAtmospheric interference (heavy rain etc)Strange characters due to problems in signal transmission over countryTelecommunications problems
Digital TVBlocking and other artifacts.
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TV captioning – options to improve quality
Reducing the delay in live CCReviewing the service end-to-end to identify ways of reducing the delayIssues with Emergency AlertsImprovements in Re-speaking (speech recognition)Stenography (adjustments in brazilian portuguese vocabulary)
Other Technologies in Accessibility
LIBRAS APP – signing language Prize WSA-MobilePossible use in secondScreen
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Other uses of closed captioning
BOX Fish (TV API) search engine (USA)
Commercial app in second screen market http://www.niemanlab.org/2012/12/opened-captions-turning-the-spoken-words-on-tv-screens-into-streams-of-hackable-data/
Could accessibility services in communication be called metadata in order to include technology in market?
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TV captioning – conclusions
Setting tough mandatory quality metrics is no guarantee of captioning quality if the targets are impossible to achieveQuality metrics can vary from language to languageCultural factors are involvedTechnology & methodology crucialNeed for more research with audience to deliver closed captioning to promote understandingUnderstanding is the best metric
Thank you!
Gabriela Campedelli +55 11 97637 9099
[email protected]://www.cidade.usp.br
LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=203273681&trk=wvmp-profile
Lattes: http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4228482E6Geneva, Switzerland, 25 October 2013 18