genetics introduction things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…
Post on 18-Dec-2015
214 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GENETICS INTRODUCTION
Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…
![Page 2: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Genes, Heredity and Mendel
Those things on our chromosomes that make us the way we are
We get all of them from our parents…called HEREDITY
Mendel’s experiments– 1 Crossed two different true-breeding plants– 2 Self-crossed the results from the first
experiment
![Page 3: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Phenotype – the visible expression of the gene (Tall, short)
Genotype – the types of genes present
![Page 4: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Let’s try!
Using the trait for plant height in pea plants, where tall is dominant over short, and using the letters T and t for the alleles, answer the following….
![Page 5: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Heterozygous – one of each type of gene – Aa
Homozygous – both genes the same – AA or aa
![Page 6: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1) What would be the symbol for a tall gene?
2) What would be the symbol for a short gene
3) What would be the genotype for a short plant?
4) What would be the two possible genotypes for a tall plant?
![Page 7: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
5) What would be the phenotypes for the following genotypes: a. Tt
b. TT
c. tt
![Page 8: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
6) What would be the genotype for a heterozygous individual?
7) What would be the genotype for a homozygous recessive individual?
8) What would be the genotype for a homozygous dominant individual?
![Page 9: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
In pea plants, yellow pea color is dominant over green pea color. Using the letters G and g for the alleles, answer the following questions…
![Page 10: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
9) What would be the genotypes for
a. A green pea plant
b. A heterozygous yellow pea plant
c. A homozygous yellow pea plant
![Page 11: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CONGRATULATIONS
You are now ready to take some parents & make some kids!
![Page 12: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Genetics exceptions….
•Incomplete Dominance•Polygenetic Traits•One gene = more than 1 trait•Environmental Factors
![Page 13: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Incomplete Dominance
Neither allele is dominant over the other
Instead of one “beating” the other, the resulting phenotype is a “mix” of the two
Snapdragon example
![Page 14: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Polygenetic Traits
Traits controlled by more than one gene
Can get more variety that way
Eye color is an example
![Page 16: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
One gene: more than 1 trait
White fur, blue eyed tiger
![Page 17: GENETICS INTRODUCTION Things you need to know to talk like a real geneticist…](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032800/56649d255503460f949fbaf9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Environmental Factors
Even though your genes code for a certain trait, they need to be provided the correct environment to become “real”
Nutrition, health care, etc.
Video game example