Genetically Modified Organism in Africa

KyleMark

MarwanErik

Can genetically modified crops lead to a sustainable Africa?

Can genetically modified crops lead to a sustainable Africa?

GMOsGMOs

Alter genetic make upTarget specific traits (resistance to

insects, increased nutrients etc…)

Alter genetic make upTarget specific traits (resistance to

insects, increased nutrients etc…)

InterdependenceInterdependence

GMOs produce higher yields.But higher yields are useless without better distribution.

Better distribution produces less poverty.But better distribution is useless without higher yields.

GMOs produce higher yields.But higher yields are useless without better distribution.

Better distribution produces less poverty.But better distribution is useless without higher yields.

Cost of GMOsCost of GMOs

Time and MoneyPossibility of failureUnknown Consequences (genetic

erosion ------> loss of biodiversity)

Problems -----> Increased reliance on aid

Time and MoneyPossibility of failureUnknown Consequences (genetic

erosion ------> loss of biodiversity)

Problems -----> Increased reliance on aid

Short TermShort Term

-Producers: Profits from selling GM crops-Consumers: Higher yields, more sustainable crops

-Producers: Profits from selling GM crops-Consumers: Higher yields, more sustainable crops

Long TermLong Term

-Producers: need to help implement an infrastructure to support an agriculture industry-Consumers: need to use GM crops to stimulate economic growth

-Producers: need to help implement an infrastructure to support an agriculture industry-Consumers: need to use GM crops to stimulate economic growth

Resistance in Europe and Japan

Resistance in Europe and Japan

European Union Ban on U.S. riceLabels on GM foodLong term effects?European Farmers

European Union Ban on U.S. riceLabels on GM foodLong term effects?European Farmers

Other Problems in AfricaOther Problems in Africa

AIDS (40 million + living w/ AIDS)Rapid Population Growth (triple by

2050)Political Conflict

AIDS (40 million + living w/ AIDS)Rapid Population Growth (triple by

2050)Political Conflict

Simply throwing GMOs at a complex problem is a waste of resources.

Simply throwing GMOs at a complex problem is a waste of resources.

Mutual BenefitMutual Benefit

Producers + Consumers =Producers and consumers need to work

together to mutually benefit.

United States producers of GM crops are one of the largest beneficiaries to the increased production of GM crops.

Producers + Consumers =Producers and consumers need to work

together to mutually benefit.

United States producers of GM crops are one of the largest beneficiaries to the increased production of GM crops.

Monsanto is a company that provides GM crops and seeds to consumers.

They posted record-profits in the first fiscal quarter of 2007.

Monsanto's first-quarter sales rose 10% to $1.54 billion, topping estimates of $1.53 billion

Monsanto is a company that provides GM crops and seeds to consumers.

They posted record-profits in the first fiscal quarter of 2007.

Monsanto's first-quarter sales rose 10% to $1.54 billion, topping estimates of $1.53 billion

Large IndustryLarge Industry

+ +

= $65 billion annual revenue

+ +

= $65 billion annual revenue

-US-GMO Companies are in a unique position.

Reclaim the prowess of the American corporate world.

Facilitate in new technological innovations that will:

a. revolutionize the agriculture industry

b. end worldwide hunger and poverty

-US-GMO Companies are in a unique position.

Reclaim the prowess of the American corporate world.

Facilitate in new technological innovations that will:

a. revolutionize the agriculture industry

b. end worldwide hunger and poverty

Take AwaysTake Aways

Hunger not only problem of AfricaAddressing only hunger is very

narrow and linear thoughtNeed to think broader (shift toward

systems thinking)

Hunger not only problem of AfricaAddressing only hunger is very

narrow and linear thoughtNeed to think broader (shift toward

systems thinking)

Further ResearchFurther Research

More on each individual problemMore on interaction of

problems/Aid with each other and at addressing problem of creating a sustainable Africa

More on each individual problemMore on interaction of

problems/Aid with each other and at addressing problem of creating a sustainable Africa

Can GM foods lead to a sustainable Africa?

Can GM foods lead to a sustainable Africa?

NO!But they can play a major role.

NO!But they can play a major role.

Works CitedWorks Cited AAP General News Wire. Sydney, August 7, 2006. Page 1.

Ababa, Addis. “United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.” 27 August 2001. <http://www.uneca.org/csd/Population.PDF>

“A Rice Dillemma.” The Social Issues Research Centre. 12 February 2001. <http://www.sirc.org/articles/rice> De Lattre-Gasquet , Weili, Le Bruchec. “Genetically modified plants in Africa: issues and research.” OCL-

Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides, 2002. Page 445-453. Eicher, Carl K. “Crop Biotechnology and the African Farmer.” Food Policy, 2006. Page 504-527. Heslop, Louise A. “Journal of Consumer Policy.” Dordrecht, June 2006. Vol. 29, Iss. 2, page 203.

Knight, John G, Mather, Damien W, Holdsworth, David K. “British Food Journal.” Bradford, 2005. Vol. 107, Iss. 9, page 653.

Mandaro, Laura. “Monsanto reaps profit on corn.” MarketWatch. 4 January 2007. Nevin, Tom. “African Business.” London, November 2004. Page 40.

Nevin, Tom. “Will GM Foods Overwhelm Africa?” African Business, November 2004. Page 40-41.Price, Stuart. “Danger! The Hidden Perils of GM Crops.” African Business, December 2004. Page 14-19.

Shah, Anup. “AIDS in Africa.” Conflicts in Africa, 3 December 2006. Source online at: <http://www.globalissues.org/Geopolitics/Africa/AIDS.asp>

Starling, Shane, Budgar, Laurie. “Functional Foods.” Paddock Wood, November 2006. Page 7. “Technologies to Feed the World.” The National Academies. 2005. <http://www.nationalacademies.org>

Viljoen, Dajee. “Detection of GMO in food products in South Africa: Implications of GMO labeling.” GM African Journal of Biotechnology, 2006. Page 73-82.

Whitman, Deborah B. “Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?” ProQuest CSA, April 2000. Zerbe, N. “Feeding the famine? American food aid and the GMO debate in Southern Africa.” Food Policy,

2004. Page 593-608. Zinkand, Dan. “Who Benefits from GMO?” Iowa Farmer Today, 29 March 2001.

AAP General News Wire. Sydney, August 7, 2006. Page 1. Ababa, Addis. “United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.” 27 August 2001.

<http://www.uneca.org/csd/Population.PDF>“A Rice Dillemma.” The Social Issues Research Centre. 12 February 2001. <http://www.sirc.org/articles/rice>

De Lattre-Gasquet , Weili, Le Bruchec. “Genetically modified plants in Africa: issues and research.” OCL-Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides, 2002. Page 445-453.

Eicher, Carl K. “Crop Biotechnology and the African Farmer.” Food Policy, 2006. Page 504-527. Heslop, Louise A. “Journal of Consumer Policy.” Dordrecht, June 2006. Vol. 29, Iss. 2, page 203.

Knight, John G, Mather, Damien W, Holdsworth, David K. “British Food Journal.” Bradford, 2005. Vol. 107, Iss. 9, page 653.

Mandaro, Laura. “Monsanto reaps profit on corn.” MarketWatch. 4 January 2007. Nevin, Tom. “African Business.” London, November 2004. Page 40.

Nevin, Tom. “Will GM Foods Overwhelm Africa?” African Business, November 2004. Page 40-41.Price, Stuart. “Danger! The Hidden Perils of GM Crops.” African Business, December 2004. Page 14-19.

Shah, Anup. “AIDS in Africa.” Conflicts in Africa, 3 December 2006. Source online at: <http://www.globalissues.org/Geopolitics/Africa/AIDS.asp>

Starling, Shane, Budgar, Laurie. “Functional Foods.” Paddock Wood, November 2006. Page 7. “Technologies to Feed the World.” The National Academies. 2005. <http://www.nationalacademies.org>

Viljoen, Dajee. “Detection of GMO in food products in South Africa: Implications of GMO labeling.” GM African Journal of Biotechnology, 2006. Page 73-82.

Whitman, Deborah B. “Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?” ProQuest CSA, April 2000. Zerbe, N. “Feeding the famine? American food aid and the GMO debate in Southern Africa.” Food Policy,

2004. Page 593-608. Zinkand, Dan. “Who Benefits from GMO?” Iowa Farmer Today, 29 March 2001.