genetic transformation. history of transformation 1928 – fredrick griffth first described...
TRANSCRIPT
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GENETIC TRANSFORMATION
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HISTORY OF TRANSFORMATION• 1928 – Fredrick Griffth first
described transformation Pneumococcus bacteria
(pneumonia) and mice
1944 – Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, Maclyn McCarty identified the “transforming principle” as DNA
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TRANSFORMATION • The transfer of genetic material• Discover by Griffith• Experiment injected
mice with disease causing & non-disease causing bacteria • Found combination of
dead disease bacteria with live non-disease still killed the mice• Later Avery discovered
DNA to be the agentThink: What does this picture show.
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HISTORY OF TRANSFORMATION• 1952 – Alfred Hershey and
Martha Chase provided final proof that DNA was the molecule of heredity
1970 – Morton Mandel and Akiko Higa developed a protocol for transforming E. coli bacteria
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WHAT IS TRANSFORMATION?• When a cell takes up and expresses a new piece
of genetic material—DNA— in order to change the organism’s traits
• A gene is a piece of DNA which provides the instructions for making (coding for) a particular protein
DNA Protein Trait
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WHAT IS TRANSFORMATION USED FOR?
• Agricultural Genes coding for traits such as frost, pest or drought
resistance can be genetically transformed into plants
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WHAT IS TRANSFORMATION USED FOR?
• Environmental Bacteria can be genetically transformed with genes
enabling them to digest oil spills or remove pollutants from the environment
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WHAT IS TRANSFORMATION USED FOR?
• Medical Production of human proteins to
treat genetic diseases
Protein Disease/Disorder
Human insulin Diabetes mellitus
Human Growth Hormone
Deficiency in children
Erythropoietin Anemia
DNase I Cystic fibrosis
Human antibody blocker
Asthma
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WHAT ARE WE DOING?• We will transform bacteria (E. coli), giving it the
ability to make green fluorescent proteins
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GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN• Used in science as a visual marker…
Biological processes (protein production) Localization and regulation of gene expression Cell movement Cell fate during development Formation of different organs Marker to identify transgenic organisms
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DR.AMINA EL SHAIBANY PHG 424
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