genetic programming companion slides of genetic...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Genetic Programming
Companion slides of Genetic Programming. On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection by John R. Koza MIT Press, Six Edition, 1998
![Page 2: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Overview of Genetic Programming
Genetic Algorithms
+
increasing complexity of the structures undergoing adaptation
Structures = hierarchical computer programs of dynamically varying size and shape
2
![Page 3: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Overview of Genetic Programming
Search Space = possible computer programs for the fittest individual computer program
3
![Page 4: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Overview of Genetic Programming
initial population
=
randomly generated computer programs composed of functions and terminals
4
![Page 5: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Overview of Genetic Programming
each individual (computer program)
is
measured in terms of how well it performs in the particular problem environment (fitness measure)
5
![Page 6: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Overview of Genetic Programming
each individual (computer program)
is
run over a number of different fitness cases
fitness = measured as a sum or an average!
6
![Page 7: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Overview of Genetic Programming
size & shape of the solution is not specified
7
![Page 8: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Overview of Genetic Programming
preprocessing & postprocessing
do not exist
8
![Page 9: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 9
Flowchart of
Genetic Programming
![Page 10: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Overview of Genetic Programming
1.The Structures Undergoing Adaptation
2.Initial Structures
3.Fitness
4.Operations for Modifying Structures
5.States of the Adaptive Systems
6.Termination Criterion
7.Designating a Result, and the parameters that control the process
10
![Page 11: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
The Structures Undergoing Adaptation
The Structures Undergoing Adaptation
= a population of individuals
Individual
= hierarchical structured computer programs whose size, shape and contents can dynamically change during the process
11
![Page 12: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
The Structures Undergoing Adaptation
Individual = composition between
F = {f1,f2,...,fNfunc}, arity(fi) = z(fi)
and
T = {a1,a2,...,aNterm}
12
![Page 13: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Function Set
arithmetic operations (+, -, *, etc.)
mathematical functions (sin, cos, exp, log)
Boolean operations (AND, OR, NOT)
conditional operators (If-Then-Else)
functions causing iteration (Do-Until)
functions causing recursion
other domain-specific functions
13
![Page 14: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Terminal Set
variable atoms
constant atoms
functions taking no explicit arguments
14
![Page 15: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Example
F = {AND, OR, NOT}
T = {D0, D1}
C = F ∪ T = {AND, OR, NOT, D0,D1}
15
![Page 16: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Example: even-2-parity function
LISP S-expression
(OR (AND (NOT D0) (NOT D1)) (AND D0 D1))
16
![Page 17: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Search Space
the space of all possible LISP S-expressions that can be recursively created by compositions of the available functions and available terminals for the problem.
17
![Page 18: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Closure of the Function Set and Terminal Set
closure property
=
each function is able to accept as its arguments any value and data type that may possibly be returned by any function set and any value and data type that may possibly be assumed by any terminal
18
![Page 19: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Closure Property: Arithmetic Operation of Division
(defun % (numerator denominator)
“The Protected Division Function”
(if (= 0 denominator) 1 (/ numerator denominator)))
19
![Page 20: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Closure Property: Arithmetic Operation of Division
(defun % (numerator denominator)
“The Protected Division Function”
(if (= 0 denominator) 1 (/ numerator denominator)))
20
or return
:undefined
![Page 21: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Closure Property: Square Root
(defun srt (argument)
“The Protected Square Root Function”
(sqrt (abs argument)))
21
![Page 22: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Closure Property: Natural Logarithm
(defun rlog (argument)
“The Protected Natural Logaritm Function”
(if (= 0 argument) 0 (log (abs argument))))
22
![Page 23: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Numerical-valued logic
(defun gt (first second)
“The numerically-valued GT Function”
(if (> 0 first second) 1 -1)))
23
![Page 24: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Conditional comparative operators can be redefined
(+ (* 3 4) 5)
24
![Page 25: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Conditional comparative operators can be redefined
(+ (* 3 4) 5)
25
* 3 4 may have
a side effect
![Page 26: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Conditional comparative operators can be redefined
iflth (If Less Than Zero)
suppress premature evaluation of the arguments
define a LISP macro
26
![Page 27: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Conditional branching operators can be redefined
execute an alternative depending on an external state or condition
(IF-FOOD-AHEAD (MOVE) (TURN-RIGHT))
27
![Page 28: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Sufficiency of the Function Set and Terminal Set
sufficiency property
=
the set of terminals and primitive functions are able to express a solution to the problem
28
![Page 29: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Boolean Functions
F = {AND, OR, NOT}
F = {AND, NOT}
29
![Page 30: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Universality of Selecting Primitive Functions and Terminals
steps
=
similar steps in other machine learning paradigms
30
![Page 31: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
The Initial Structures
generate randomly a rooted tree with other branches representing the S-expression
31
![Page 32: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
The Initial Structures
32
![Page 33: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
The Initial Structures
33
![Page 34: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
The Initial Structures
34
![Page 35: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
The Initial Structures
• full method
• grow method
• ramped half-and-half
35
![Page 36: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Ramped half-and-half
MAX_DEPTH = 6
MIN_DEPTH = 2
20% - depth i, i ∈ {2,3,4,5,6}
50% created with full method
50% created with grow method
36
![Page 37: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Variety of population
Variety
=
percentages of individuals for which no exact duplicate exists elsewhere in the populations
37
![Page 38: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Fitness
• Raw Fitness
• Standardized Fitness
• Adjusted Fitness
• Normalized Fitness
38
![Page 39: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Raw Fitness
is the measurement of fitness that is stated in the natural terminology of the problem itself
39
![Page 40: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Standardized Fitness
a lower numerical value is always a better value
=
maximum raw fitness - observed raw fitness
40
![Page 41: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Adjusted Fitness
41
![Page 42: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Adjusted Fitness
standardized fitness ∈ {1,..,64}
64 → af = 0.0154
63 → af = 0.0159
4 → af = 0.20
3 → af = 0.25
42
![Page 43: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Normalized Fitness
• ranges between 0 and 1
• is larger for better individuals
• the sum of the normalized fitness value is 1
43
![Page 44: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Greedy Over-Selection
over selecting the fitter individuals in the population for M > 500
44
![Page 45: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Primary Operations for Modifying Structures
• Selection
• Crossover
45
![Page 46: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Selection
select a single S-expression
copy from the current population into the new population
46
![Page 47: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Crossover
(OR (NOT D1) (AND D0 D1))
(OR
(OR D1 (NOT D0))
(AND (NOT D0) (NOT D1)))
47
![Page 48: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Crossover
48
![Page 49: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Crossover
49
![Page 50: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Secondary Operations for Modifying Structures
• Mutation
• Permutation
• Editing
• Encapsulation
• Decimation
50
![Page 51: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Mutation
selects a random point (function or terminal)
removes selected point and whatever is below it
inserts a randomly generated subtree at that point
51
![Page 52: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Mutation
52
![Page 53: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Mutation
53
Not needed
in
Genetic Program
ming
![Page 54: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Permutation
54
![Page 55: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Editing
provides a means to edit and simplify
S-expressions as genetic programming is running according to domain-specific editing rules
55
![Page 56: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Editing
(+ 1 2) → 3
(AND T T) → T
(AND X X) → X
(OR X X) → X
(NOT (NOT X)) → X
56
![Page 57: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Encapsulation
57
→
![Page 58: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Decimation
fitness may be skewed
keep in the initial population (e.g. 10%) only the individuals performing good
58
![Page 59: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
State of the Adaptive System
• current population
• control parameters, terminal and function set, best-so-far individual
59
![Page 60: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Termination Criterion
• G generations have been run
• find the correct solution, ...
60
![Page 61: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Some Examples of Genetic Programming
![Page 62: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Five ingredients
• Set of Terminals
• Set of Functions
• How is fitness measured?
• Parameters / variables for controlling the run
• Result and criterion for terminating a run
62
![Page 63: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Artificial Ant
![Page 64: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
The Santa Fe Trail
64
single gaps
double gaps
single gap at corners
double gap at corners
triple gap at corners
89 Food Pellets
![Page 65: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Artificial Ant’s Characteristics
sensor for smelling the food
RIGHT, LEFT (without moving the ant)
MOVE in the direction it is currently facing
NO-OP
65
![Page 66: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
An Individual when using Genetic Algorithm
66
![Page 67: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Terminals Set
T = {(MOVE), (RIGHT), (LEFT)}
67
![Page 68: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Functions Set
F = {
IF-FOOD-AHEAD
(PROGN2 P1 P2)
(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)
}
68
![Page 69: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Fitness
Raw Fitness = the amount of eaten food
Standardized Fitness = 89 - Raw Fitness
69
![Page 70: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 70
![Page 71: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Some Initial Generated Individuals
(PROGN2 (RIGHT) (LEFT))
(IF-FOOD-AHEAD (RIGHT) (LEFT))
71The Ant does not move
![Page 72: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Some Initial Generated Individuals
(PROGN2 (MOVE) (MOVE))
(PROGN3
(RIGHT)
(PROGN3 (MOVE) (MOVE) (MOVE))
(PROGN2 (LEFT) (MOVE)))
72
![Page 73: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 73
![Page 74: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 74
After Selection and Crossover . . .
![Page 75: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 75
Best-of-run individual . . .
![Page 76: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 76
The Los Altos Hills Trail
The Santa Fe Trail
+
two steps to the left or two steps to the right
![Page 77: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Simple Symbolic Regression
![Page 78: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Linear Regression
Independent Variable(s)
?
Dependent Variable(s)
78
find numerical coefficients of a linear combination of the independent variable(s)
![Page 79: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Quadratic Regression
Independent Variable(s)
?
Dependent Variable(s)
79
find numerical coefficients of a quadratic expression of the independent variable(s)
![Page 80: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Fourier Regression
Independent Variable(s)
?
Dependent Variable(s)
80
find numerical coefficients of a harmonic expression of the independent variable(s)
![Page 81: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
?
discovery both
• the correct functional form that fits the data
• the appropriate numeric coefficients that go with that functional form
81
![Page 82: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Sample
20 pairs of points ∈ [-1.0, +1.0]
(xi, yi)
82
![Page 83: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Terminals and Functions Set
T = {X}
F = {+, -, *, %, SIN, COS, EXP, RLOG}
83
![Page 84: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Fitness
Raw Fitness = the sum, taken over the 20 fitness cases, of the absolute value of the difference (error) between the value in the real-valued ranged space produce by the S-expression for a given value of the independent variable xi and the correct yi in the range space.
84
![Page 85: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Raw Fitness of Initial Population
85
Worst-of-generation individual 1038
Median individual 23,67
Second-best individual 6,05
Best-of-generation individual 4,47
![Page 86: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 86
![Page 87: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Boolean 11-Multiplexer
![Page 88: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 88
k address bits ai
2k data bits
N = k + 2k
![Page 89: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Terminals and Functions Set
T = {A0, A1, A2, D0, D1, ..., D7}
F = {AND, OR, NOT, IF}
89
![Page 90: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Search Space
N = k + 2k k = 3 N = 11
11 arguments ⇒ 211 = 2018 combinations
one function 2k+2k = 22018 ≃ 10616
90
![Page 91: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Fitness
Raw Fitness = the number of fitness cases (over all 2048) where the Boolean returned value is correct
Standardized Fitness =
MAX(Raw Fitness) - Observed(Raw Fitness)
91
![Page 92: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 92
![Page 93: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Some Initial Generated Individuals
(IF
(IF (IF D2 D2 D2) D2 D2)
D2 D2
)
93
![Page 94: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Standardized Fitness of Initial Population
94
Worst-of-generation individual 1280
23 Best-of-generation individuals 768
One Best-of-generation sample (IF A0 D1 D2)
![Page 95: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu 95
![Page 96: Genetic Programming Companion slides of Genetic ...labs.cs.upt.ro/~oose/uploads/SQA/GeneticProgramming.pdf(PROGN3 P1 P2 P3)} 68 Dr. Cristina Marinescu Fitness Raw Fitness = the amount](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061001/60b06b0b239f9b010956a595/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Dr. Cristina Marinescu
Best-of-generation 9 individual
96