género, número y artículos gender, number & articles
TRANSCRIPT
Género, número y artículosGender, number & articles
I. Género
• In Spanish, all nouns carry gender, either masculine (M) or feminine (F).
• In order to tell whether a noun is M or F look at the ending for a clue.
• Except for some irregular exceptions, the ending will automatically distinguish the noun as M or F.
Masculino• Words that end in following letters or letter groups are
generally masculino (M).
** Be careful, many words do not follow this rule!
-o
alumno
-pa
mapa
-ta
poeta
-ma
programa
-l
español
-n
pelotón
(crowd)
-r
dólar
-e **
hombre
(man)
Femenina• Words that end in following letters or
letter groups are generally femenina (F).
**Be careful, remember -pa, -ta & -ma!
-a **
alumna
-dad
actividad
-tad
libertad
-ión
civilización
** Remember, these are general guidelines. There
are some exceptions that do not follow these patterns.
Ejemplos
Are the following M or F?
universidad
F
biblioteca
F
colegio
M
programa
M
II. Número
• Number refers to whether a noun is singular or plural.
• You make a noun plural by adding an –s or –es to the end of the noun.
• In some cases, other orthographic changes may be necessary.
To make nouns plural, do the following:
A. if the word ends in a vowel, simply add
“-s” to make it plural
Ex: alumno alumnos
To make nouns plural, do the following:
B. if the word ends in a consonant, add “-es”
Ex: universidad universidades
To make nouns plural, do the following:
C. if the word ends in “–z”, the plural changes to “-ces”
Ex: lápiz lápices
To make nouns plural, do the following:
D. if the word ends in “–ión”, add “-es” and remove the written accent mark
Ex: nación naciones
Examples
colegio
colegios
papel
papeles
actriz
actrices
reunión
reuniones
III. Artículos
• There are 2 types of articles in Spanish & English
A. Definite articles
B. Indefinite articles
Artículos definidos
• What is the function of a definite article?
A definite article refers to something specific
• What is a definite article in English?
the
Ejemplo
Ex: the specific boy rather than any boy.
The boy with the red shirt on
v.
A boy with a red shirt (any boy in general)
Artículos definidos
• What are they in Spanish? ** concordancia
masculino femenina
singular elthe
lathe
plural losthe
lasthe
Artículos indefinidos
• What is the function of an indefinite article?
An indefinite article refers to something in general
• What is an indefinite article in English?
a, an, some
Ejemplo
Ex: any boy rather than a specific boy.
A boy with a red shirt (any boy in general)
v.
The (specific) boy with the red shirt on
Artículos indefinidos
• What are they in Spanish? ** concordancia
masculino femenina
singular una, an
unaa, an
Plural unossome
unassome
Concordancia
concordancia = agreement
** The article that accompanies the noun must agree in gender AND number with
that noun.
Ejemplos
Artículos definidos
libro
elmuchachas
lasnación
la
Artículos indefinidos
libro
unmuchachas
unasnación
una
¿Preguntas?