generator construction(rev2)
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Generator Generator ConstructionConstruction
ByBy Ms. Soh Ley BauMs. Soh Ley Bau
Generation Section--Electrical Unit Generation Section--Electrical Unit (ILSAS),TNB(ILSAS),TNB
![Page 2: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
System OverviewSystem OverviewPrinciple of Thermal Power Plant
![Page 3: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
System OverviewSystem Overview Principle of Thermal Power PlantPrinciple of Thermal Power Plant
![Page 4: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
System OverviewSystem Overview
Furnace The chemical energy from fuel is converted to
heat
Back
![Page 5: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
System Overview System Overview
The heat from the burning fuel causes The heat from the burning fuel causes water in the boiler change to steamwater in the boiler change to steam
Boiler
Back
![Page 6: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
System OverviewSystem Overview
The steam is sent to the turbine, where it causes the turbine blades to
rotate. The turbine converts the energy
in the steam into mechanical energy.
Steam Turbine
Back
![Page 7: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
System OverviewSystem Overview
Generator
The turbine shaft connects the turbine to the generator through a coupling and as the turbine rotates,
the generator rotor shaft also rotates.
NextCoupling?Coupling?
Ask meAsk me
![Page 8: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
System OverviewSystem Overview
GeneratorThen, the generator converts the
mechanical(rotating) energy into electrical energy
NEXT-DEMO
![Page 9: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Turbine
Coupling
System OverviewSystem Overview
Generator
Side Turbine side
I get it !!
![Page 10: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How the electrical generator How the electrical generator work?work?
![Page 11: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How AC How AC generator generator
work?work?
![Page 12: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
AC AC GeneratorGenerator
![Page 13: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Prepared by @ Ms.Soh Ley Bau 13
Single Phase Generator/ Single Phase Generator/ AlternatorAlternator
![Page 14: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of GeneratorsTypes of Generators
Turbo Generator (Turbo Generator (Cylindrical Cylindrical Rotors)Rotors)
Turbine GeneratorTurbine Generator
Salient pole GeneratorSalient pole GeneratorHydro GeneratorHydro GeneratorDiesel GeneratorDiesel Generator
![Page 15: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Salient Pole GeneratorSalient Pole Generator
![Page 16: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Salient Pole Generator Salient Pole Generator Hydroelectric PlantHydroelectric Plant
(Chenderoh, Sg Perak)(Chenderoh, Sg Perak)
![Page 17: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Salient Pole GeneratorSalient Pole GeneratorStator WindingsStator Windings~ Cameron Highland~ Cameron Highland
![Page 18: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Salient Pole Rotor Salient Pole Rotor
A 4 Pole rotor starts as a solid rough forging
The shaft, spider and the 4 poles and pole tips are created by machining away part of the forging.
The strip wound fielding winding is added to complete the rotor
![Page 19: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Solid 6 pole machine with Solid 6 pole machine with brushless exciterbrushless exciter
![Page 20: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Salient Pole GeneratorSalient Pole GeneratorRotor Pole Rotating Type Exciter
![Page 21: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Salient Pole RotorSalient Pole RotorCameron Highland Cameron Highland
![Page 22: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Salient Pole Rotor Salient Pole Rotor Kenyir (112MVA, 24 poles)Kenyir (112MVA, 24 poles)
![Page 23: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Salient Pole GeneratorSalient Pole GeneratorDiesel Generator
![Page 24: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Salient Pole GeneratorSalient Pole Generator6.6kV Black Start Diesel Generator (PD1)
![Page 25: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Salient Pole GeneratorSalient Pole GeneratorDiesel Generator,12 poles Diesel Generator,12 poles
![Page 26: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
WWhat are the hat are the
functions of functions of generator in generator in the Power the Power
Utility Utility Industry?Industry?
![Page 27: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
IntroductionIntroduction To convert the rotational To convert the rotational
mechanical energy (steam mechanical energy (steam turbine) into electrical energyturbine) into electrical energy
Steam Steam TurbineTurbine
GeneratorGeneratorMain Main exciterexciter
![Page 28: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
IntroductionIntroduction
To supply energy to the power To supply energy to the power grid and route some power to grid and route some power to
machine auxiliaries (via the machine auxiliaries (via the Unit Transformer)Unit Transformer)
![Page 29: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
One-line diagram for generator and One-line diagram for generator and generator transformergenerator transformer
![Page 30: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Layout of Power PlantLayout of Power Plant
![Page 31: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Pressure Rise in a TransformerPressure Rise in a Transformer
![Page 34: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Transformer-Phase to Earth Transformer-Phase to Earth FaultFault
![Page 36: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Transformer-Phase to Earth Transformer-Phase to Earth FaultFault
![Page 37: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Transformer-Phase to Earth Transformer-Phase to Earth FaultFault
![Page 38: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Split Generator ShaftSplit Generator Shaft
![Page 39: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Generator Main Circuit Generator Main Circuit Breaker (SFBreaker (SF66))
![Page 40: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Generator Main Circuit Generator Main Circuit Breaker (SFBreaker (SF66))
![Page 41: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Components of GMCBComponents of GMCB
![Page 42: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Generator ConstructionGenerator Construction
Stator
Rotor
Bracket
![Page 43: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Generator ConstructionGenerator ConstructionMain Components:
– a.)Stator (stationary part)– b.)Rotor (rotating part)– c.)Rotor Bearing– d.)Pilot AC Exciter– e.)Main Exciter– f.)Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)– g.) Rotating rectifier– h.)Stator Output Leads and Isolated Phase Bus– i.)Generator Neutral Earthing– j.)Hydrogen Cooling system
![Page 44: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
StatorStatorStator consists of stator core,stator frame,
slot wedges and etc.Function:-Armature- produce output of the generator
![Page 45: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Stator ConstructionStator Construction
-Special explosion proof design- In case any gas explosion inside, it provides a safe tight housing
-MaterialMaterial :No.1 SM41 AP, of JIS G 3106 Rolled Steel for welded Construction and is tested to be free from cracks etc. by a supersonic test
•Stator Frame
![Page 46: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Stator ConstructionStator Construction
Stator Stator corecore
WedgeWedge
End winding
![Page 47: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Stator ConstructionStator ConstructionStator Core
The functions of stator core are :
a) Concentrate the lines of magnetic flux around the stator windings
b) Support and hold the windings in position around the rotor as the rotor turns.
![Page 49: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Stator coreStator core
Figure : Side view of the stator core
*Note : Air-cooled generator in Serdang power station
![Page 50: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Stator ConstructionStator Construction Slot Wedge
Function:
The stator windings or stator coils are simply long insulated bars which are assembled and wedged-locked into the stator core slots running length wise through the generator.
![Page 51: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Stator ConstructionStator Construction Slot Wedge
Wedge is located on the top of each slot
End winding
![Page 52: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Stator ConstructionStator ConstructionStator Lamination
-To form a stator core, high quality silicon steel plates of little core loss are used and punch them with a die in such segments as shown in the illustration.
-After giving them varnish treatment, pile them up on a stator frame.
![Page 54: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Stator LaminationStator Lamination
*Stator Core
![Page 56: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Stator LaminationStator Lamination
![Page 57: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Stator ConstructionStator ConstructionStator core end
![Page 59: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Stator ConstructionStator Construction Stator core end Functions: -The coil end is rigidly tied with a glass cord to the micarta
coil support which is bolted to the stator core and laminated core.
(Reason: withstand the immense power at the time of short circuit )
-At the extreme end is placed a resin ring made of epoxy impregnated glass fiber, and molding mixtures are stuffed in the space between the said ring and coil in order to support them.
![Page 60: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Effect of the Flexible MountingEffect of the Flexible Mounting
![Page 61: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Flexible MountingFlexible Mounting
~ To prevent high level vibration (two-pole machines) from being transmitted to the frame and foundation, the stator core is supported from the frame by a flexible mounting.
~ To support the weight of the core and to withstand short circuit torque.
![Page 62: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Flexible MountingFlexible Mounting
![Page 63: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Rotor ConstructionRotor Construction
![Page 64: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Rotor shaft of an inner cooled Rotor shaft of an inner cooled generatorgenerator
Pole face
![Page 65: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Prepared by @ Ms.Soh Ley Bau 65
Rotor ForgingRotor Forging
@soh-Serdang GT5
![Page 66: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Rotor ConstructionRotor ConstructionRotor coil
![Page 67: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Example of rotor end windingExample of rotor end winding*Serdang Power Station Nov.2003,Unit 2
![Page 68: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Rotor ConstructionRotor ConstructionRotor CoilMaterial : cold worked silver bearing
copper
Function: Field coil of the generator
![Page 69: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Rotor ConstructionRotor Construction
Coupling at turbine side
Rotor
@Unit 1 SJSSAA,kapar(Oct 03)
![Page 70: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Rotor ConstructionRotor Construction
Retaining ring
@Unit 1 SJSSAA,kapar(Oct 03)
![Page 71: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Retaining RingRetaining Ring
Function:
~To support the rotor coil end, thin cylindrical coil retaining rings are force fitted to both ends of the rotor body
@Sohlb Serdang GT5
![Page 72: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Rotor ConstructionRotor Construction
End windings of the rotor coil
@Unit 1 SJSSAA,kapar(Oct 03)
![Page 73: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
![Page 74: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Generator PartsGenerator Parts
NEXTNEXT
![Page 75: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Generator’s Journal BearingGenerator’s Journal Bearing Bearing # 5 (Turbine side)
Bearing # 6
(Excitation side)
NEXTNEXT
@Unit 1 SJSSAA,kapar(Oct 03)
![Page 76: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Generator’s Journal BearingGenerator’s Journal Bearing
Function:To support the generator rotor.
(In order to keep the shaft free from undue stress because of deflection of shaft and misalignment, the bearings are of spherical surface which are machined to have a high pressure oil-line,lubricating oil line, etc.
BACKBACK
![Page 77: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Bearing BracketBearing BracketTop half of bearing bracket
Bottom half of bearing bracket
Main Exciter side
Rotating Rectifier
NEXTNEXT
@Unit 1 SJSSAA,kapar(Oct 03)
![Page 78: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Bearing BracketBearing Bracket
Dismantle the top half bearing bracket using overhead crane
NEXTNEXT
@Unit 1 SJSSAA,kapar(Oct 03)
![Page 79: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Bearing BracketBearing Bracket- Welded construction & is directly fixed to the stator frame
- It is divided into two parts both at the turbine side & the exciter side.
- Having sufficient mechanical strength by means of many ribs.
- In the bracket are included bearings, gland seal ring and oil seal and the lower section of the lower bracket constitutes a deforming tank.
- To fix the stator frame, gasket and sealing compounds are used and the construction is such that gas leakage is kept to the minimum.
BACKBACK
![Page 80: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Gland seal Gland seal Gas tight enclosure for hydrogen cooled generator
Function:
-To prevent hydrogen gas leakage along the shaft
NEXTNEXT
@Unit 1 SJSSAA,kapar(Oct 03)
![Page 81: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Gland sealGland seal
BACKBACK
![Page 82: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Seal ringSeal ring
Position of seal ring
Seal ring (Bottom half)
Gland seal
![Page 83: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Seal ringSeal ring
BACKBACK
![Page 84: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Air Gap BaffleAir Gap Baffle
Air Gap BaffleAir Gap Baffle
Function:Function:
-To separate the -To separate the high pressure and high pressure and the low pressure the low pressure ventilation zones at ventilation zones at the exciter end of the exciter end of the rotor & stator.the rotor & stator.
BACKBACK
![Page 85: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
BlowerBlower
- Multi-stage axial blower is installed only at turbine side (inner cooled machine)
Function:
-To feed the cooling gas(cold gas) into a long and narrow vent duct in the axial direction ventilation.
NextNext
![Page 86: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
BlowerBlowerBlower Blade
Material:
Ni-Cr-Mo steel
![Page 87: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Cooling Fan/blowerCooling Fan/blower**Unit 5 Port Dickson Power Station****Unit 5 Port Dickson Power Station**
BACKBACK
![Page 88: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Blower ShroudBlower Shroud
BACKBACK
![Page 89: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Gas cooler/Hydrogen CoolerGas cooler/Hydrogen Cooler
NEXTNEXT
![Page 90: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Gas Cooler Hydrogen CoolerGas Cooler Hydrogen Cooler-Two gas coolers are each arranged vertically both on the right side and the left side of the turbine side in the generator.
-Cooling tubes with spiral copper fins are used as shown (b).
-The cold gas temperature is designed to maintain below 45C when the cooling water temperature is 40 C .
(a)
(b)
NEXT
![Page 91: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Gas Cooler Hydrogen CoolerGas Cooler Hydrogen Cooler
1. During generator operation, electrical resistance heating in the gen.windings-creates large amount of heat
2. This heat is removed from gen.windings-circulating hydrogen gas through windings
3. Circulation is accomplished by cooling fan.
4. The heat from hydrogen gas is then removed by cooling water flowing through hydrogen coolers
BACKBACK
![Page 92: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Generator Generator Exciter System Exciter System Fundamentals Fundamentals
![Page 93: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Excitation SystemExcitation System
Functions a.) Supply, control and regulate the amount of field
current applied to the generator field winding, so that the generator output voltage kept constant, at predetermined levels, under varying load conditions.
b.) Allow the operator to change the reactive loading of the machine
![Page 94: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Basic Exciter PrinciplesBasic Exciter Principles
Three factorsThree factors which affect the output of a generator.
1. The number of conductorsnumber of conductors (fixed for a particular generator)
2. The speed of rotation of the rotorspeed of rotation of the rotor( fixed at 3000RPM for 2 pole machines operating on a 50Hz system)
3. The strength or density of the magnetic fluxstrength or density of the magnetic flux or field( varied by increasing or decreasing field current)
![Page 95: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Types of ExcitersTypes of Exciters
1. Static Type System1. Static Type System AC power directly from the main generator
leads The power taken from the generator leads
is first stepped down through a special transformer and then fed to rectifiers for conversion to dc.
![Page 96: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Types of ExcitersTypes of Exciters
2. A-C Generator (Alternator)/PMG 2. A-C Generator (Alternator)/PMG Excited SystemExcited System
The main generator drives an alternator to produce ac power, which is then converted to dc by means of rectifiers.
![Page 97: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Static ExcitationStatic Excitation
![Page 98: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Static Excitation Static Excitation
If generator voltage not reaches to 60% within 20 sec, initial excitation failure alarm is raised.
30sec20 sec 0 sec
![Page 99: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Excitation TransformerExcitation TransformerDry type Excitation Transformer Dry type Excitation Transformer
( 3.44MVA 15/0.88kV)( 3.44MVA 15/0.88kV)
![Page 100: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Core Type TransformerCore Type Transformer
![Page 101: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
PMG Excited SystemPMG Excited System
PhotoPhoto
AC
![Page 102: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Advantage of Brushless Excitation Advantage of Brushless Excitation SystemSystem
1. Reliability. “ AC Exciter-Rotating Rectifier” mounted on a common shaft
2. Maintenance cost is reduced because there is no brush, commutator and slip ring
3. There is no troubles of insulation resistance since the adhesion of carbon duct is varnish.
4. All devices are placed in closed housing and not exposed to the atmospheric conditions.
![Page 103: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Advantage of Brushless Excitation Advantage of Brushless Excitation SystemSystem
5. Change of brush is needless during operation so that with an increase of safety, the operation can continue for the long term.
6.Generator field breaker,field regulator and exciter bus or cable become unnecessary.
(not required any DC bus duct from excitation transformer to IPB for static excitation)
![Page 104: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Advantage of Brushless Excitation Advantage of Brushless Excitation SystemSystem
7. Foundation cost will also reduces since air ducts and exciter bus (Excitation Transformer) are not needed in foundation.
8. It permits continuous conservative operation and tolerates transitory over loads to ceiling voltages.
9. Spare exciter is also unnecessary
![Page 105: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
GeneratorGenerator
AVR card
Rotating
Rectifier
PMGPMG
Main generator
NEXTNEXT
![Page 106: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Brushless Excitation System-Main ExciterBrushless Excitation System-Main Exciter
PMG Rotating Armature
Rotating Rectifier
BackBack
![Page 107: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Brushless Excitation System-PMGBrushless Excitation System-PMG
Rotating armature PMG or Pilot Exciter
NEXTNEXT
![Page 108: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Permanent Magnet GeneratorPermanent Magnet Generator
PMG StatorPMG Stator
PMG RotorPMG Rotor
NEXTNEXT
![Page 109: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Pilot Exciter/PMG/High Pilot Exciter/PMG/High Frequency GeneratorFrequency Generator
PMG= Permanent Magnet GeneratorFunction: To provide a constant source of excitation power
for exciter field via the Automatic Voltage Regulator(AVR) which is the controlling device governing the level of excitation provided to the exciter field
BackBack
![Page 110: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Automatic Voltage regulator Automatic Voltage regulator (AVR) Panel (AVR) Panel
Function:
-AVR responds to a voltage sensing signal derived, via an isolating transformer (Potential Transformer) from the main stator winding.
NEXTNEXT
![Page 111: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Automatic Voltage Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) PanelRegulator (AVR) PanelFunctions:Control the field current in order to
maintain the generator output voltage at a predetermined level, with minimal changes over a wide range of load demand.
Adjusting the Q(Mvar) reactive power
![Page 112: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Automatic Voltage Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) PanelRegulator (AVR) Panel
Improve the power system stability (transient stability)
Suppress the over generator voltage on the load rejection
BackBack
![Page 113: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Exciter Stator & Exciter RotorExciter Stator & Exciter Rotor
Field coil on the stator of main exciter
(Rotating Armature)
NextNext
![Page 114: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Exciter Stator & Exciter RotorExciter Stator & Exciter Rotor
Function:-As an AC Generator (Rotating Armature)-Exciter Stator-Create magnetic field-Exciter Rotor-Induced current
BackBack
![Page 115: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Rotating RectifierRotating Rectifier
Function:AC to DC Converter-To provide excitation
(DC supply) into the main rotor
BackBack
![Page 116: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
?? ????
![Page 117: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Excitation with carbon brushExcitation with carbon brushSJTJ,Unit 5~2003SJTJ,Unit 5~2003
![Page 118: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Cartridge TypeCartridge TypeSJTJ,PD1 2004SJTJ,PD1 2004
![Page 119: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Slip Ring BrushGearSlip Ring BrushGear
![Page 120: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Slip RingSlip Ring
Prepared by Ms.Soh
![Page 121: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Stator Terminal Box and Stator Terminal Box and BushingBushing
![Page 122: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Terminal BoxTerminal Box
![Page 123: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Stator TerminalStator Terminal
Bushings
Function:
- To route the electricity produced in the stator windings
![Page 124: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Isolated Phase systemIsolated Phase system
Function:
-The output of the stator is connected to the generator transformer via an isolated Phase Bus (IPB) system
![Page 125: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Isolated Phase systemIsolated Phase system
•Required high reliability
•Made of high quality materials and welded constructions are adopted.
•Dry air is constantly feed into IPB bus through the air supply equipment
•Prevent external air from flowing into IPB
•Prevent the inside of IPB from dewing
![Page 126: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Generator Neutral EarthingGenerator Neutral Earthing
Function:Function:• To limit the stator To limit the stator
earth fault current earth fault current that can flowthat can flow
• (to prevent the earth fault (to prevent the earth fault current flow through the core of current flow through the core of the generator)the generator)
![Page 127: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Generator Transformer & Generator Transformer & TransmissionTransmission
Generator Transformer (11kV/275kV)
Transmission side (switchgear) 275kV
Note:*PD power station
![Page 128: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Seal Oil SystemSeal Oil System
![Page 129: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Seal Oil SystemSeal Oil System
Function:-To lubricate the seals and prevent
hydrogen from escaping from the generator without introducing an excessive amount of air and moisture into the generator
![Page 130: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Hydrogen cooling systemHydrogen cooling system(Inner Cooling)(Inner Cooling)
Figure :Longitudinal sectional view of generator
![Page 131: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Characteristics of Hydrogen CoolingCharacteristics of Hydrogen Cooling Table 1:
Air
Hydrogen
Density
1.00 0.07
Thermal conductivity
1.00 7.00
Heat Transfer coefficient from surface gas
1.00 1.35
Specific heat 1.00 0.98
Support of combustion Yes
No
Oxidizing agent
Yes No
![Page 132: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Prepared by @ Ms.Soh Ley Bau 132
Serdang GT5
Siemen
Prepared by Ms. SOh
Prepared by Ms.Soh
Prepared by Ms.Soh
![Page 133: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Prepared by @ Ms.Soh Ley Bau 133
Serdang GT5
Siemen
Prepared by Soh
![Page 134: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Prepared by @ Ms.Soh Ley Bau 134
![Page 135: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Characteristics of Hydrogen CoolingCharacteristics of Hydrogen Cooling
An ideal cooling mediumAn ideal cooling mediumThe combination of low density and high specific heat of hydrogen
Lower effectiveness of air as a cooling mediumLower effectiveness of air as a cooling medium (requires a 20% to 30% size increases over a hydrogen cooled machine a similar rating).
Design for higher electrical loadingDesign for higher electrical loading compared to the air –cooled machine due to better cooling.
![Page 136: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Hydrogen Inner-cooling Hydrogen Inner-cooling systemsystem
To remove heat directly from the stator and rotor conductors by hollowing them and flowing a high velocity gas through these hollows
Advantages:– Sharply increase output in similar size– Possible to employ higher hydrogen gas pressures
than a conventional hydrogen cooled unit
![Page 137: Generator Construction(Rev2)](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547acf62b4af9faa158b4c24/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
Mr. Low Siew Wooi,JPSMr. Low Siew Wooi,JPSMr. Foo Hi Kium, ILSASMr. Foo Hi Kium, ILSASMr. Mok Kin Wah,ILSASMr. Mok Kin Wah,ILSASMr. Lew Kar Wong, SJTJMr. Lew Kar Wong, SJTJMr. Thong Lit Yen, TNBHMr. Thong Lit Yen, TNBH