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Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

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Page 1: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

Generations of Computers

Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable

from magic.Arthur C. Clarke

Page 2: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

Charles Babbage1822 - The Difference Engine

1991 Reproduction of the Difference Engine

Babbage invented a mechanical "difference engine" for the calculation of arithmetical functions and set out plans for an "analytical engine" whose operation would have included logarithmic and trigonometric functions as well.

Page 3: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

Mark I

The Mark 1 is seen as the first full-sized digital computer. It weighed 5 tons, had 500 miles of wiring, was used only for numeric calculations, and took three seconds to carry out one multiplication computation.

Mark 1 - 1944

Page 4: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1st Generation of Computers

Vacuum Tubes

Page 5: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

ENIAC1945

Page 6: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

ENIAC could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and extract square roots. ENIAC stored a maximum of twenty 10-digit decimal numbers. Its accumulators combined the functions of an adding machine and storage unit. It contained 20,000 vacuum tubes.

Page 7: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

IBM SSEC

1947

Page 8: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

UNIVAC

•1951

A Later modification of the UNIVAC was the first computer to make use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes.

Military.mov

Page 9: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

IBM 702

1955

Page 10: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors

• 1959-1964

2nd Generation of Computers

Page 11: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

IBM 1401

Page 12: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

3rd Generation of Computers1964-1975

Integrated Circuits

Page 13: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

Digital PDP

Programmed Data Processor

Page 14: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

Circuitry encased in chips

Computers produce less heat and run many programs with a central program to coordinate the computer’s memory and components.

Page 15: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1969• 1969: The US Department of Defense commissions Arpanet for research networking, and the first four nodes come operations al UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, SRI, and the University of Utah. Arpanet laid the foundation for the Internet.

Page 16: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

Moore’s Law

Gordon Moore

Cost of 1 MHz of Processing Power

1970 – $7,601.00 1999 - $ .17

Cost of 1 mb Storage

1970 – 5.257.00 1999 - $ .17

Cost of sending 1 trillion bits

1970 - $150,00.00 1999 - $ .12

Page 17: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1971 – The First Microprocessor

• Intel 4004 dubbed “a computer on a chip”

Page 18: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1972 - Pong

Page 19: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1973 - Large scale integration

10,000 components are placed on a 1cm2 chip

The 1975 Altair (kit) used large scale integration

Page 20: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

4th Generation of Computers

Mid – 1970’s – Current

Large-Scale Integration

Page 21: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1976 CRAY I

Page 22: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1977 – Apple II

Page 23: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1977 – Tandy Commodore

Radio Shack

TRS - 80

Page 24: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

Microsoft - 1977

Page 25: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1977 – Cellphones

Page 26: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1981 - IBM PCThe first open architecture computer goes mainstream

Page 27: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1984 – Apple MacIntosh

Page 28: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1984 – CD ROM

Page 29: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1985- Intel 386

Page 30: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1985 – Windows 1.0

Page 31: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1989 – Intel 4861.2 Million Transistors

Page 32: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1989Tim

Berners-LeeWorld Wide Web

URL

HTML

HTTP://

Page 33: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1993 – Intel Pentium

• 3.5 million transistors

Page 34: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1994Marc Andreeson

• Netscape

Page 35: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1995 – Windows 95

Page 36: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1995 – Amazon.comFirst large internet site for

commerce

Page 37: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1996 – Windows CE

Page 38: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1997 – IBM’s “Big Blue” beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov in

only 62 minutes.

Page 39: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1997 Intel Pentium II

233 MHz

Page 40: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

1999 – Intel Pentium III

500 MHz

Page 41: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

Today's microprocessors contain tens of millions of microscopic transistors.

Pentium IV

Page 42: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke

Fifth Generation

Voice Recognition

Artificial Intelligence

Page 43: Generations of Computers Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke