generalized stratigraphic table for new jersey · generalized stratigraphic table for new jersey. 2...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Quaternary
Tertiary and Quaternary
EXPLANATION
Glacial, glacial lacustrine and glacio-fluvial deposits; alluvium, colluviumAlluvium, colluvium, saprolite; thin, scattered glacial deposits
Alluvium, colluvium, and saproliteAlluvium and colluviumShoreline and estuarine deposits(Cape May Formation, post-glacial coastal sediments)
Alluvial deposits (Beacon Hill,Bridgeton and Pensauken Forma-tions)
Figure 1. Predominant surficial materials.
Figure 2. Generalized geologic map.
e
a
b
f
d
g
h
cEXPLANATION
Mesozoic and CenozoicSediments of the Coastal Plain
MesozoicSedimentary and igneous rocks of the Newark Basin
Late Proterozoic and PaleozoicIgneous and sedimentary rocks of the lapetus Ocean and middle Paleozoic interior sea
Middle ProterozoicMetamorphic and igneous rocks of the Grenville terrane
Beemerville intrusive suiteValley and RidgeGreen Pond Mountain regionHighlandsJutland klippePeapack klippeManhattan prong Trenton prong
Featuresabcdefgh
New Jersey stratigraphic units are commonly grouped into surficial sediments resulting from coastal, alluvial, colluvial, glacial, and periglacial processes of the past 10 million years (fig. 1) and older, generally thicker units within structural and physiographic regions resulting from major tectonic events of the past 1.6 billion years (fig. 2).
The oldest rocks in New Jersey are granulite-facies metamorphic and granitic igneous rocks exposed in the Highlands and Trenton prong (Drake, 1984; Volkert and Drake, 1986). These form the crystalline basement northwest of the limit of highly metamorphosed Paleozoic rocks (fig. 3). They are part of the Grenville terrane, which accreted to older rocks during the Grenville orogenic cycle (table 1) to form the North American craton. Unconformably above the Grenville rocks are sedimentary rocks of the lapetus Ocean, which opened in the Late Precambrian and closed during the Taconic orogeny. Stratigraphic units shown here are from Drake and others (1997), and Markewicz and Dalton (1980). Rocks of the western margin of lapetus are exposed in the Valley and Ridge and in linear belts within the Highlands. The Hardyston Quartzite shows initial clastic sedimentation. Subsequent development of a carbonate platform resulted in deposition of the Kittatinny Supergroup. Contemporaneous deeper-water continental margin and oceanic environments are represented to the east by the Jutland sedimentary units and metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks within the Manhattan and
Trenton prongs (Perissoratis and others, 1979; Drake and others, 1997. Change from a trailing margin to a convergent margin in the late Early Ordovician led first to uplift and unconformity, then to submergence and deposition of the shallow marine and submarine slope Jacksonburg and deeper-water Martinsburg. The Taconic orogeny led to closing of the Martinsburg foreland basin, uplift, low-grade metamorphism in northwestern New Jersey, amphibolite facies metamorphism to the east, and to folding and northwestward thrusting. From the Taconic orogeny into the Middle Devonian, shallow marine sediments and alluvial clastics indicate that northwestern New Jersey was near the eastern margin of a shifting interior sea. Middle Paleozoic units shown here are from Drake and others (1997) and Herman and Mitchell (1991). Above these units is an unconformity representing Middle Devonian to Upper Triassic time.
The late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny, the result of collision between the North American and African continental plates, was expressed in New Jersey through uplift and renewed faulting and folding of Taconic structures (Herman and Monteverde, 1989). Triassic and Jurassic crustal extension and shearing associated with early stages of the formation of the Atlantic Ocean created continental fault-block basins. The Newark Basin was filled with
New Jersey Geological and Water Survey Information Circular
Generalized Stratigraphic Table for New Jersey
2
Figure 3. Geologic cross section through New Jersey.
A BValley and Ridge Highlands Newark Basin Coastal PlainSea level
-30,000 ft.
Jutla
nd k
lippe
Tren
ton
pron
g
EXPLANATIONMesozoic and Cenozoic uncon-solidated sediments
Mesozoic sedimentary and igne-ous rocks
Paleozoic metamorphic and ig- neous rocks; possibly also accre- ted terranes of uncertain age
Paleozoic igneous and sedimen-tary rocks
Mesoproterozoic metamorphicand igneous rocks. Neoprotero-zoic sedimentary rocks
Fault
Contact
A
B
Line of section
Table 1. Ages of geologic events.
Triassic
PALE
OZO
ICPR
OTE
ROZO
ICCE
NO
ZOIC
MES
OZO
ICEr
a
HolocenePleistocene
PlioceneMiocene
OligoceneEocene
Paleocene
Cretaceous
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Meso-Proterozoic
Neo-Proterozoic
PermianPennsylvanianMississippian
System/Epoch
Time(millions of yearsbefore present)
present-0.0010.001-2.62.6-5.35.3-2323-33.933.9-5656-66
145-201
201-252
299-323323-359
359-419
419-444
485-541
541-1,000
444-485
1,000-1,600
Geologic Events
Postglacial rise of sea level; shoreline, alluvial, and marsh sedimentationCyclic glaciation, associated rise and fall of sea level
Sedimentation on subsiding Atlantic continental margin
Rifting, deformation of Newark basin, opening of Atlantic Ocean basinunconformity
Shear and extension prior to opening of Atlantic
unconformity Alleghanian orogeny
Epicontinental sea to west; clastic sedimentation from east
unconformity Taconic orogenySubmergence of continental margin; carbonate sedimentation (Jacksonburg) followed by deeper-water clasticdeposition (Martinsburg)
unconformity lapetus continental margin changes from passive to convergent
Continental margin sedimentation in west (Hardyston, Kittatinny), deeper-water and oceanic sedimentation toeast (Jutland, protoliths of Manhattan and Wissahickon)
unconformitySedimentation, volcanism (?) (Chestnut Hill)
unconformity Grenville orogenic cycle (metamorphism, plutonism, several phases of tectonism, post-kinematic emplacement of Mount Eve Granite)
Emplacement of protoliths of layered metasedimentary rocks (graywacke, arkose and carbonate)
unconformity
Emplacement of losee protolith (probably dacite, keratophyre and spilite)
Alluvial sedimentation (Beacon Hill, Bridgeton, Pensauken)
252-299
66-145
Jurassic
Basaltic magmatism, sedimentation (Newark Supergroup)
33
Era
PeriodSe
ries
Stra
tigra
phic
uni
tPr
edom
inan
t lith
olog
yAq
uife
r nam
e or
hydr
ogeo
logi
c ch
arac
teri
stic
s
CENOZOIC MESOZOIC
Quaternary Neogene Paleogene CretaceousHo
loce
ne
Plei
stoc
ene
Plio
cene
Mio
cene
Olig
ocen
e
Eoce
ne
Pale
ocen
e
Uppe
rCr
etac
eous
Low
erCr
etac
eous
Uppe
rTr
iass
ic
Newark Supergroup
Brun
swick
Grou
p
Boon
ton
Form
atio
n
Tow
aco
Form
atio
n
Feltv
ille F
orm
atio
n
Pass
aic
Form
atio
n
Hook
Mou
ntai
n Ba
salt
Prea
knes
s Ba
salt
Oran
ge M
ount
ain
Basa
lt
diab
ase
diab
ase
diab
ase
intru
sives
Lock
aton
g Fo
rmat
ion
Stoc
kton
For
mat
ion
allu
vial
, coa
stal
, mar
sh a
nd e
olia
n de
posit
s
COAS
TAL
AREA
SW
iscon
sinan
allu
vium
,Ca
pe M
ay F
orm
atio
n,co
lluvi
um
INLA
ND, N
ORTH
ERN
NEW
JER
SEY
Wisc
onsin
an a
nd p
re-W
iscon
-sin
an a
lluvi
al, c
ollu
vial
,gl
acia
l, la
cust
rine,
and
eol
ian
depo
sits
Pens
auke
n Fo
rmat
ion
Brid
geto
n Fo
rmat
ion
Beac
on H
ill Gr
avel
Ston
e Ha
rbor
For
mat
ion
Coha
nsey
San
d
Tint
on S
and
Red
Bank
San
dNa
vesin
k Fo
rmat
ion
Mou
nt L
aure
l For
mat
ion
Wen
onah
For
mat
ion
Mar
shal
ltow
n Fo
rmat
ion
Engl
ishto
wn
Form
atio
nW
oodb
ury
Clay
Mer
chan
tville
For
mat
ion
Chee
sequ
ake
Form
atio
n
Mag
othy
For
mat
ion
Rarit
an F
orm
atio
n
Atla
ntic
City
For
mat
ion
Sew
ell P
oint
For
mat
ion
Vinc
ento
wn
Form
atio
nHo
rner
stow
n Fo
rmat
ion
Shar
k Ri
ver F
orm
atio
nM
anas
quan
For
mat
ion
Abse
con
Inle
t For
mat
ion
Belle
plai
n M
embe
r
Wild
woo
d M
embe
r
Shilo
h M
arl M
embe
r
Brig
antin
e M
embe
r
Kirk
woo
d Fo
rmat
ion
Poto
mac
For
mat
ion
Unit
3Un
it 2
Unit
1
sand
, gra
vel,
claye
y sil
t
basa
ltsa
ndst
one,
silt
ston
e, s
hale
, con
glom
erat
esil
tsto
ne, m
udst
one,
san
dsto
near
kosic
san
dsto
ne, s
iltst
one,
sha
le, c
ongl
omer
ate
sand
, gra
vel,
silt,
mud
and
pea
t
sand
, gra
vel
grav
el, s
and
inte
rbed
ded
grav
el, s
and
and
clay
sand
, som
e cla
yey
silt
sand
, gla
ucon
ite s
and
sand
, cla
yey
silt,
som
e gl
auco
nitic
san
dgl
auco
nitic
san
dsa
ndsil
ty s
and,
som
e gl
auco
nite
claye
y sil
t, gl
auco
nitic
san
dsa
nd, c
laye
y sil
tcla
yey
silt
claye
y sil
t, gl
auco
nitic
san
dcla
yey
silt
sand
, som
e gl
auco
nitic
san
d
claye
y sil
t, fin
e qu
artz
san
d, g
lauc
onite
san
d
sand
, cla
yey
silt,
glau
coni
tic s
and,
cal
care
nite
glau
coni
te s
and
sand
ston
e, s
iltst
one,
sha
le, c
ongl
omer
ate
basa
ltsa
ndst
one,
silt
ston
e, s
hale
, con
glom
erat
eba
salt,
inte
rcal
cate
d se
dim
enta
ry ro
cksa
ndst
one,
silt
ston
e, s
hale
, con
glom
erat
e, li
mes
tone
sand
, cla
yey
silt
grav
el, s
and,
silt
, cla
y
sand
, gra
vel,
silt,
clay
(sta
tew
ide)
, till
and
till-l
ike d
epos
its(n
orth
ern
New
Jer
sey)
Wen
onah
-Mou
nt L
aure
l aqu
ifer
Mar
shal
ltow
n-W
enon
ah c
onfin
ing
unit
Engl
ishto
wn
aqui
fer s
yste
m
Mer
chan
tville
-Woo
dbur
y co
nfin
ing
unit
Potomac-Raritan-Magothy
aquifer system
uppe
r aqu
ifer
conf
inin
g un
it
mid
dle
aqui
fer
conf
inin
g un
it
low
er a
quife
r
grou
ndw
ater
occ
urs
alon
g be
ddin
g su
rface
s, jo
ints
,fa
ults
, int
ergr
anul
ar s
pace
s, a
nd o
ther
ope
ning
sdi
abas
e
composite confiningunit
unde
r wat
er-ta
ble
cond
ition
s at
mos
t loc
atio
ns
inclu
des
glac
ial v
alle
y-fil
l aqu
ifers
and
Cape
May
aqu
ifer s
yste
m/H
olly
Bea
ch a
quife
r
unde
r wat
er-ta
ble
cond
ition
s at
mos
t loc
atio
ns
Kirk
woo
d-Co
hans
ey a
quife
r sys
tem
conf
inin
g un
itRi
o Gr
ande
wat
er-b
earin
g zo
neco
nfin
ing
unit
Atla
ntic
City
800
-foot
san
d
GEN
ERAL
IZED
STR
ATIG
RAPH
IC T
ABLE
FO
R N
EW J
ERSE
Y
Pine
y Po
int A
quife
r
Vinc
ento
wn
Aqui
fer
Red
Bank
San
d
Prin
ted
1990
, rev
ised
2017
Low
erJu
rass
ic
Jurassic Triassic
Cont
’d o
n pa
ge 4
4
Pred
omin
ant l
ithol
ogy
VALL
EY A
ND
RID
GE
GRE
EN P
ON
D M
OU
NTA
IN R
EGIO
N
Stra
tigra
phic
uni
tPr
edom
inan
t lith
olog
y
Deck
er F
orm
atio
nBo
ssar
dville
Lim
esto
nePo
xono
Isla
nd F
orm
atio
n
Wiss
ahick
on F
orm
atio
n
Era
Period
Seri
esPROTEROZOIC
Devonian Siurian Ordovician Cambrian
Mes
o-Pr
oter
ozoi
c
Ordo
vicia
n an
dCa
mbr
ian
Mid
dle
Devo
nian
Low
erDe
voni
an
Uppe
rSi
luria
n
Mid
dle
Silu
rian
Uppe
rOr
dovi
cian
Mid
.Ord
ovici
an
Low
erOr
dovi
cian
Uppe
rCa
mbr
ian
Mid
dle
Cam
bria
nLo
wer
Cam
bria
n
Kittatinny Supergroup
Beek
man
tow
nGr
oup
Low
er
Scho
harie
For
mat
ion
Esop
us F
orm
atio
n
Orisk
any
Grou
pHelderberg
GroupRi
dgel
y Sa
ndst
one
Shriv
er C
hert
Glen
erie
Lim
esto
nePo
rt Ew
en S
hale
Min
isink
Lim
esto
neNe
w S
cotla
nd F
orm
atio
nKa
lkbe
rg L
imes
tone
Coey
man
s Lim
esto
neM
anliu
s Lim
esto
neRo
ndou
t For
mat
ion
calca
reou
s sil
tsto
nesa
ndst
one
sand
ston
esh
ale,
silt
ston
e, c
hert
limes
tone
calca
reou
s sh
ale,
silt
ston
elim
esto
ne, c
alca
reou
s sh
ale
calca
reou
s sil
ty s
hale
limes
tone
limes
tone
, san
dsto
ne, c
ongl
omer
ate
limes
tone
limes
tone
, cal
care
ous
shal
e, d
olom
iteca
lcare
ous
sand
ston
e, li
mes
tone
argi
llace
ous
limes
tone
calca
reou
s sh
ale,
dol
omite
shal
e, s
iltst
one
sand
ston
e
Onte
laun
eeFo
rmat
ion
Eple
r For
mat
ion
Rick
enba
ck D
olom
ite Man
hatta
n Sc
hist
serp
entin
ite
Ches
tnut
Hill
Form
atio
n
Brya
m In
stru
sive
Suite
, Lak
e Ho
patc
ong
Intru
sive
Suite
,M
ount
Eve
Gra
nite
Lose
e M
etam
orph
ic Su
ite
sand
ston
e, s
iltst
one,
sha
lesh
ale,
silt
ston
e
cong
lom
erat
ic sa
ndst
one,
silts
tone
sand
ston
e
cong
lom
erat
ic qu
artz
ite
Bellv
ale
Sand
ston
eCo
rnw
all S
hale
Kano
use
Sand
ston
e
Esop
us F
orm
atio
n
Conn
elly
Con
glom
erat
e
Skun
nem
unk
Cong
lom
erat
eco
nglo
mer
ate
Berk
shire
Val
ley
Form
atio
nca
lcare
ous
silts
tone
, dol
omite
Poxo
no Is
land
For
mat
ion
Long
woo
d Sh
ale
calca
reou
s sh
ale,
dol
omite
shal
eco
nglo
mer
atic
quar
tzite
, silt
ston
e
intru
sive
and
extru
sive
alka
lic ig
neou
s ro
cks
slate
, gra
ywac
ke
limes
tone
dolo
mite
, lim
esto
ne
dolo
mite
shal
e, li
mes
tone
,ch
ert (
Jutla
nd)
grou
ndw
ater
occ
urs
alon
g be
ddin
g su
rface
s, jo
ints
,fa
ults
, int
ergr
anul
ar s
pace
s, s
olut
ion
cavi
ties,
and
othe
r ope
ning
s
grou
ndw
ater
occ
urs
alon
g be
ddin
g su
rface
s, jo
ints
,fa
ults
, int
ergr
anul
ar s
pace
s, s
olut
ion
cavi
ties,
and
othe
r ope
ning
s
Gree
n Po
nd C
ongl
omer
ate
Jutla
nd k
lippe
uni
ts(n
ot p
art o
f the
Ki
ttatin
nySu
perg
roup
)
Alle
ntow
n Do
lom
ite
High
Poi
nt M
embe
rRa
mse
ybur
g M
embe
rBu
shki
ll M
embe
rJa
ckso
nbur
g Lim
esto
ne
grou
ndw
ater
occ
urs
in jo
ints
, fau
lts, f
olia
tion
surfa
ces,
solu
tion
cavi
ties,
and
oth
er o
peni
ngs
Stra
tigra
phic
uni
t
dolo
mite
, cal
care
ous
shal
e
arko
sic q
uartz
ite, c
ongl
omer
ate
schi
st, m
etag
rayw
acke
, am
plib
olite
, alte
red
ultra
maf
ics(W
issah
ickon
);sil
lman
ite-g
arne
t-mus
covi
te-b
iotit
e sc
hist
(Man
hatta
n); s
erpe
ntin
item
etas
edim
enta
ry a
nd m
etav
olca
nic
(?) r
ock
gran
ite, q
uartz
sye
nite
, sye
nite
, mon
zoni
te a
nd g
rano
dior
ite
met
ased
imen
tary
rock
s in
cludi
ng F
rank
lin a
nd W
ildca
t Mar
ble
high
ly s
odic
gnei
ssic
and
gran
itoid
rock
s; a
mph
ibol
ite
Neo-
Prot
eroz
oic
dolo
mite
Hyd
roge
olog
ic c
hara
cter
istic
s
Shaw
angu
nk F
orm
atio
nco
nglo
mer
atic
quar
tzite
Uppe
r Hard
ysto
n Qu
artz
ite
Bloo
msb
urg
Red
Beds
??
?
Stra
tigra
phic
uni
tPr
edom
inan
t lith
olog
yH
ydro
geol
ogic
cha
ract
eris
tics
Leith
sville
For
mat
ion
Mar
tinsb
urg
Form
atio
n
PALEOZOICPALEOZOIC
unco
nfor
mity
unco
nfor
mity
unco
nfor
mity
unco
nfor
mity
??
?
Onon
daga
Form
atio
n
Mar
cellu
s Sh
ale
Butte
rmilk
Fal
lsLi
mes
tone
shal
e, s
iltst
one lim
esto
near
gilla
ceou
slim
esto
ne
Neph
elin
e sy
enite
, Oua
chiti
te b
recc
ia
unco
nfor
mity
met
ased
imen
tary
rock
s
shal
e, s
iltst
one,
san
dsto
ne
4
Cont
’d fr
om p
age
3
Banner Photos (left to right):Looking across Kittatinny Valley (Cambrian and Ordovician, 444 to 541 million
years old, carbonate rock and sandstone, siltstone and shale) from Kittatinny Mountain (Silurian, 419 to 444 million years old, quarzite and quartz-pebble conglomerate) to the New Jersey Highlands (Middle Proterozoic, 1,000 to 1,600 million years old, metamorphic rock), Sussex County. Photo by R. Witte
Basal contact of the Orange Mountain Basalt (Triassic, basalt, approximately 201 million years old) with the Passaic Formation (Triassic, sandstone, siltstone and shale, 201 to 217 million years old) in the Chimney Rock Quarry, Somerset County. Photo by D. Monteverde
Sand and gravel pit (Cohansey Formation, Middle Miocene, sand, silt and clay, 14 million years old) overlain by Bridgeton Formation (Miocene, sand, gravel, 8 to 5 million years old), Monmouth County. Photo by P. Sugarman
Printed 1990. Revised by Francesca Rea, 2017Comments or requests for information are welcome.
Write: NJGWS, P.O. Box 420, Mail Code 29-01,Trenton, NJ 08625
Phone: 609-292-1185
Visit the NJGWS website at http://www.njgeology.org/
This information circular is available upon written request orby downloading from the NJGWS website.
New Jersey Geological and Water SurveyJeffrey L. Hoffman, State Geologist
STATE OF NEW JERSEYChris Christie, Governor
Kim Guadagno, Lieutenant GovernorDepartment of Environmental Protection
Bob Martin, Commissioner
PEDJN
1835
NEW
JER
SEY
GEOLOGICAL AND WATER SU
RVEY
5
REFERENCES
Drake, A.A., Jr., 1984, The Reading Prong of New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania: an appraisal of rock relations and chemistry of a major Proterozoic terrane in the Appalachians: Geological Society America Special Paper 194, p. 75-109.
Drake, A.A., Jr., Volkert, R.A., Monteverde, D.H., Herman, G.C., Houghton, H.F., Parker, R.A. and Dalton, R.F., 1997, Bedrock geologic map of northern New Jersey: Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Series Map I-2540-A, scale 1:100,000.
Herman, G.C., and Mitchell, J.P., 1991, Bedrock geologic map of the Green Pond region, Dover to Greenwood Lake, New Jersey: New Jersey Geological Survey Geologic Map 91-2, scale 1:24,000.
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clastic fluvial and lacustrine sediments, and basalt and diabase magma. During final separation of the North American and African continental plates, the Newark Supergroup rocks were tilted to roughly their present attitude (Manspeizer and Cousminier, 1988). Coastal Plain sediments, predominantly deltaic, shallow marine, and continental shelf clastics, record several major transgressive cycles. Units are generally thicker and reflect deeper water to the southeast. The units shown here are from Owens and others (1998), and Johnson (1950). Surficial deposits of New Jersey are generally no more than a few feet, rarely as much as 300 feet, thick. The Bridgeton and Pensauken reflect a persistent drainage pattern: to the southwest along the inner margin of the Coastal Plain, then to the southeast parallel to the Delaware River (Owens and Minard, 1979). Pleistocene and Holocene deposits record fluctuating conditions related to cyclic glaciation. Alluvial, coastal and estuarine deposits of the Cape May Formation record rise and fall of sea level due to changes in global ice volume (Newell and others, 2000). Northern New Jersey glacial deposits record at least three ice advances (Stone and others, 2002). Colluvial, residual and eolian deposits formed most rapidly under periglacial conditions, but also date from interglacial and postglacial times. Postglacial sediments include lake and marsh deposits (most extensive in areas of glacially-disrupted drainage), estuarine and shoreline deposits post-dating rapid sea-level rise, alluvial sands and gravels, and anthropogenic materials.