general biology 101 - linn–benton community...

E C O L O G Y A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y

General Biology 101

Introductions

Syllabus

Term Schedule

Expectations

Getting help!

Introductions

Name Tags –

1. Your NAME

2. TWO DRAWINGS that tell me something about YOU

3. On the inside, tell me something about your learning style – how do you learn best?

Chapter 1: Life on Earth


OUTCOMES:


OUTCOMES:

Discuss community interactions


OUTCOMES:


Explain how changes in human population and/or actions impact natural ecosystems


OUTCOMES:



Describe the movement of energy & nutrients through trophic levels


OUTCOMES:



Describe the movement of energy & nutrients through trophic levels

Recognize the appropriate taxonomic level of an organism based on key characteristics or traits


A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living organisms/systems

Hypothesis: supposition, based on previous observations

Tested with experimentation



Hypothesis

Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed through extensive observation and experimentation



Hypothesis

Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed through extensive observation and experimentation

“If we knew what we were doing, we wouldn’t call it RESEARCH.”

- Albert Einstein



Hypothesis

Theory

LAW: An absolute; a mathematically prove-able fact



Hypothesis

Theory

LAW: Newton’s Law of Gravity



Hypothesis

Theory

Four LAWS of Thermodynamics


Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

BIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC



What defines “Alive”?



What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics

1. Composed of cells with organized structure





2. Organized structure is actively maintained – homeostasis






3. Respond to stimuli from the environment







4. Acquire/use energy from the environment








5. Convert to usable form – GROW









6. Able to reproduce









6. Able to reproduce

7. Populations can evolve over time


The Theory of Evolution

“Nothing in Biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution.”

- Theodosius Dobzhansky


The Theory of Evolution:

Why don’t snakes have legs?

Why do we find fossils of animals that don’t exist?

Why do we share more than 95% of our genetic code with monkeys?



Descent with modification



Descent with modification: Natural Selection

Charles Darwin/Alfred Russel Wallace




Traits that enhance an organism’s ability to SURVIVE to REPRODUCE and create VIABLE offspring


THE BIOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE:

SURVIVE to REPRODUCE and create VIABLE offspring.




Traits vary according to organism




Traits vary according to organism

Traits enhancing survivorship/reproduction are ADAPTATIONS


Natural Selection: The Rules

1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population (“mutations”)



1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population

2. Competition and mortality must exist in the population





3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability

Baobab trees, Africa






4. Traits must be heritable


DNA: the genetic “blueprint” of organisms






4. Traits must be heritable

5. Beneficial traits accumulate in the population over time

Adaptive Radiation

e.g. MRSA

Selective Breeding, e.g. Yard Dandelions

Additional Evolutionary Processes

Selective Breeding, e.g. Brassica


Sexual Selection: Humans


Sexual Selection: Peacocks




Typically a very slow process, taking millions of years

Current events: altering ability of organisms to adapt


BI 101 Focus on: ECOLOGY and BIODIVERSITY


BI 101 Focus on:

ECOLOGY: the study of interactions between organisms and the environment (Unit 4)


BI 101 Focus on:

Biodiversity: the variability of life (Unit 3)


BI 101 Focus on:

Populations

Species

Communities

Ecosystems

Biospheres


Categorization of Life


Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell types

PROKARYOTIC: cells do not have a nucleus

1. Bacteria

2. Archaebacteria


Categorization of Life:

Bacteria and Archaebacteria are single-celled, or unicellular


Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell types

PROKARYOTA

1. Bacteria

2. Archaebacteria

EUKARYOTA

3. Eukarya

“true nucleus”



K – P – C – O – F – G – S

Kingdom: Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals



Most of the Kingdoms (Fungi, Plants and Animals)

are made up of many cells, or are multicellular



K – P – C – O – F – G – S

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family (i.e. last name)

Genus/Species: Binomial system of naming (i.e. first and middle name)

Boa constrictor

Gorilla gorilla

Scaptia beyonceae

Euglossa bazinga


Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy

Autotroph: self-feeding


Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy

Heterotroph: other-feeding

general biology 101 - linn–benton community...

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