Gene Technologies and Human Applications Section 1

Secrets of the Human Genome

• Genomics is the study of entire genomes, especially by using technology to compare genes.

• The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international cooperative effort to sequence the human genome.

Gene Technologies and Human Applications Section 1

Secrets of the Human Genome, continued

Surprising Findings• Humans have few genes.• Most human DNA is noncoding.• Many human genes are identical to those of other

species.• All humans are genetically close.

Gene Technologies and Human Applications Section 1

Applications of Human Genetics

• Genomics and gene technologies have many uses in human healthcare and society.

Diagnosing and Preventing Disease• A microarray shows which genes are being actively transcribed in a

sample from a cell.• Genetic counseling informs people about the risk of genetic

problems that could affect them or their offspring.• Various vaccines are now produced through genetic engineering.

Gene Technologies and Human Applications Section 1

Applications of Human Genetics, continued

Treating Diseases-2 ways

• 1-Some genetic disorders can be treated by supplying a genetically engineered protein.

• 2-Gene therapy, inserting a replacement gene into a person’s cells by using a genetically engineered virus.

Gene Technologies and Human Applications Section 1

Applications of Human Genetics, continued

Identifying Individuals

• DNA fingerprints are now used regularly to confirm the identity of criminals, family members, or dead bodies.

• Turn to p. 347 for a Quick LAB

Gene Technologies and Human Applications Section 1

Ongoing Work

• Many important questions about the human genome remain to be investigated or decided.

• Such as:– How do our genes interact? – How unique are we?– Can genetics help us live longer?– How should we deal with ethical issues?