gender strategy in grisp june 15
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Gender Strategy with specific attention to mainstreaming gender concerns in Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP):CRP 3:3 Sustainable crop productivity increase for global food security
IRRI, AfricaRice, CIATPresented by Thelma R. Paris, IRRI with Kamala
Gurung (IRRI-Bangladesh) and Rita Agboh Noameshi (AfricaRice)
Progress on Gender-Research and Agriculture in the CGIAR
June 12, 2012
Rice and women • Rice farming is a major source of employment for many
families, especially the poor in Asia and Africa• About four-fifths of global rice production is grown by
small scale farmers in low income developing countries• Vast rice areas are prone to abiotic stresses, rainfed,
small and marginal landholdings with low yields• Extreme climate variability poses threat to food security • Rural women play critical roles as farmers, agricultural
workers and users of natural resources for food, fuel, fodder
• With increasing male out-migration, women left behind are becoming de facto heads of households and farm managers
• Women hold the keys to reducing poverty and hunger
GRiSP’s mission
• Reduce poverty and hunger• Improve human health and nutrition• Reduce the environmental footprint and
enhance the ecosystem resilience of rice production systems
Objectives of GRiSP
• To increase rice productivity through development of improved varieties and other technologies along the value chain
• To foster more sustainable rice-based production systems that use resources more efficiently
• To improve the efficiency and equity of the rice sector through better and more accessible information and strengthened delivery mechanisms
Global Research Themes
Theme 1 Harnessing genetic diversity to chart new productivity, quality and health horizon
Theme 2 Accelerating the development, delivery and adoption of improved rice varieties
Theme 3 Ecological and sustainable management of rice –based production systems
Theme 4 Extracting more value from rice harvests through improved quality, processing , market systems and new products
Theme 5 Technology targeting and policy (Socioeconomic and gender analysis for technology evaluation)
Theme 6 Supporting the growth of the global rice sector
Gender-responsive objectives in GRiSP
• Assess the changes (global and local) in rice-based agricultural systems which affect gender roles in ensuring food security and the corresponding constraints and opportunities for change (Theme 5)
• Assess gender-differentiated impact on productivity, sustainability, efficiency and equity of rice technologies (Theme 5)
• Ensure technology development (including sustainable resource mgt) for rice takes gender differences into account (Themes 1,2,3)
• Develop approaches for equitable inclusion of men and women in rice value chain development, large scale dissemination strategies for seed and marketing (Themes, 4,6)
IRRI uses a three-pronged approach in tackling gender issues
• Conduct strategic research on emerging gender issues in rice-based economy
• Involve men and women farmers in technology development and dissemination and build their capacities
• Enhance the leadership skills of Asian and African women in rice research, development and extension
Activities Focus Approach1. Conduct strategic research that will identify gender equitable rice research for development and extension programs
(Theme 5)
- Understanding gendered vulnerabilities to extreme climate variability and identification of adaptation strategies - Assessment of gendered gaps in access to and control of key assets and productive resources - Knowledge of social (gender) dynamics in relation to changing rice-based agricultural systems e.g rice-fish, rice-wheat systems - Analysis of on-farm performances, gender disaggregated constraints and social and economic effects of technological interventions
- Baseline socioeconomic analysis with gender disaggregated information and gender analysis (STRASA, GSR) - Use of qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry (GAAP)
Gender-related activities
Activities Focus Approach
2. Mainstream the use of gender differentiation and gender analysis in adaptive research processes
(Themes 2, 3, 4)
- New and promising tolerant breeding lines for drought, submergence and salinity (STRASA, CSISA, CURE)- Sustainable and efficient resource management- Post harvest and processing technologies and microenterprises-SeedNet (CSISA-BD)
- Preference analysis of elite lines/varieties of men and women (at least 30-50% ) are women- Participatory on-farm experiments conducted by women farmers- Participatory evaluation of post harvest technologies for cereals -* with womengroups
Gender-related activities
Process of integrating gender in technology development and dissemination
Initial problem diagnosis and environment characterization (include gender-differentiated information and gender analysis)Identify whether there are gender differences in constraints to increasing productivity and criteria for technology adoptionTest potential technologies to overcome constraints through participatory approaches (include women as farmer cooperators and evaluators) Monitor and evaluate (technical performance, economic feasibility, social and cultural acceptability, changes in gender roles, women empowerment)Technology dissemination (scaling up) - include women as key agents of change
Stage 1Setting
breeding goals
Stage 2Evaluation of new rice
lines on-station and on-farm managed by
researchers(mother trials)
Stage 3Evaluation of new rice lines in farmers’ fields managed by farmers
(baby trials)Stage 4
Wide diffusion of seeds/scaling up
Stage 5Assessment of benefits
of PVS by both researchers and farmer-
cooperators
Stages of farmer-researcher partnership on PVS
Baseline socioeconomic
surveysParticipatory rural
appraisal (PRA)
Social and gender analyses
Survey of varieties by area planted, land type, cropping systems, farming systems
Data on men and women benefitting from the project
based on the “snowball effect” or the flow of
technology within and in adjacent villagesGender-
disaggregated data on impact
assessment based on selected
indicators
Oral testimonies of men and women cooperators of farmer-managed trials
Distribution of farmer-preferred varieties to
active male and female farmers in many villages representing the target
environment
Survey using a semi-structured questionnaire to
assess the spread and adoption of varieties
Conduct of field days at researcher- and
farmer-managed trials
Inclusion of male and female farmers in selecting new lines
before harvesting rice Use of simple methods of rating, for example,
preferential analysis of males and females and
sensory tests
Inclusion of male and female volunteer farmers in farmer-
managed trials
Use of farmer rating in
comparing two to three new lines
with their varietyConduct of focus interviews with separate groups
(males or females) and individual male and female farmer-
cooperators
Strategies and methods to
incorporate social and gender analysis in rice breeding in
SE Asia, SA and Africa
* Men and women have common and different varietal preferences and needs based on gender roles and socio-economic status. Therefore their opinions should be considered in varietal improvement
Men and women’s participation in preference analysis (%), India, 2008-2011
2008
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2011
Submergence Salinity/Sodicity Drought
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MaleFemale
Men and women’s participation in preference analysis (%), Bangladesh and Nepal, 2008-2011
2008
2009
2010
2011
2008
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2010
2011
2008
2009
2010
2011
Submergence Salinity/Sodicity Drought
0
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MaleFemale
2008 2009 2010 2011 2008 2009 2010 2011Submergence Drought
0
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MaleFemaleBanglade
sh
Nepal
Women’s participation in PVS, Africa
356 farmers (177 men and 179 women) were involved in the process
Restauratrices échangeant sur les qualités des NERICA
• Farmers are invited three times at different rice growth stages
• They evaluate varieties/lines by casting their votes on preferred lines
Activities Focus Approach
3. Build and enhance capacities of women scientists engaged in rice R, D and E and use innovative strategies to empower grassroots women with technical knowledge and skills as well as disseminate technologies to other women
(Themes 1-6)
-Enhancement of skills of male and female scientists (biophysical and social scientists) and development and extension workers from different institutions-Enhancement of technical knowledge and skills of grassroots women(community seed bank in Nepal, use of machinery in India)
Training courses given by IRRI a) Leadership for Asian and African
women in research, development, and extension;
b) Gender analysis and its application in rice-based farming systems for both male and female researchers
c) Seed health training for women farmers
d) Training NARES scientists on Participatory Varietal Selection (PVS)
e) Socio-economic impact assessment
(with focus on poverty and gender)
Gender-related activities
T. Paris, D. Manzanilla, G. Tatlonghari, R. Labios, A. Cueno, and D. Villanueva. 2011. Guide to participatory varietal selection for submergence-tolerant rice. Los Baños, Laguna (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute. 11 p.
2005-160 women participants (2002-2010)Participants - NARES and IRRI outreach offices (26 countries)Resource persons – IRRI scientists, resource persons from Training Center and IRRI Human Resource and from ManagementOrganized by Dr. TParis, SSD and Noel Magor, IRRI, Training Center
Leadership Course for Asian
and African Women
in Agriculture R & D and Extension
Empowering women as entrepreneurs in transplanting rice
Tamil Nadu, India CSISA project
Activities Focus Outputs
4. Develop monitoring and evaluation tools for gender and equity
* CSISA - Bangladesh
Product-specific measureable milestones to form the basis for all monitoring and reporting
- Gender disaggregated baseline socioeconomic studies and midline surveys (GAAP, STRASA)- Women’s Empowerment Index - Male and female participation in project activities eg PVS, demonstration trials, experiments, field days, seed distribution, workshops, training courses, etc. (STRASA, CSISA)- Collection of information (before and after) of outcomes of technology adoption for different categories of women (farming and landless) (CSISA, CURE)
Gender –related activities
Conceptual Framework for Women Empowerment FtF Indicators
Assets (e.g., land, seed, livestock)
Assets (e.g., land, seed, livestock)
Livelihoods strategies
Livelihoods strategies
Five domain (USAID-FiF indicators)
i. Production ii. Access to the resource/serv.
iii. Income utilizationiv. Labor (Time) contributionv. Leadership development
Five domain (USAID-FiF indicators)
i. Production ii. Access to the resource/serv.
iii. Income utilizationiv. Labor (Time) contributionv. Leadership development
Effects/changes Effects/
changes Well Being(USD350)
Well Being(USD350)
Interventions/Activities (e.g.) ●Postharvest technologies
● Introduction of Improved/hybrid rice varieties
●Agricultural mechanization
Interventions/Activities (e.g.) ●Postharvest technologies
● Introduction of Improved/hybrid rice varieties
●Agricultural mechanization
Legend: Women Joint Men
Legend: Women Joint Men
Challenges in integrating gender concerns in R & D
• Need to have well-designed methods/methodologies/processes for integrating gender concerns as routine way of R & D
• Strong collaboration between social scientists and biophysical scientists and Program Theme leaders (need resource allocation for gender)
• Need to explore various ways of effectively working with women’s groups to establish income generating activities - resources beyond product development
• Social scientists, especially women, in countries where there are social restrictions are scant; need more training and support from local institutions
• Leadership course for Asian and African Women in R,D, E organized by IRRI needs to be expanded and given more support for sustainability – increasing demand but low resources
Reducing gender gaps: Will this dream be a reality for the next generation?