GENDER

PERSPECTIVE ON

LEADERSHIP IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

SO WHAT IS

LEADERSHIP ?

There are almost as many definitions of

leadership as there are persons who have

attempted to define the concept “ ” Stogdill, 1974

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

MASCULINE PROFESSION

321 COMPANY OWNERS

289 GENERAL MANAGERS

10 BOARD DIRECTORS

13 AUTHORIZED

51.955

EMPLOYEES CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MACEDONIA

4.707

COMPANIES CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MACEDONIA

THE AIM OF THE THESIS

TO INVESTIGATE THE

APPLICATION OF

MCGREGOR’S XY THEORY

OF LEADERSHIP IN THE

MACEDONIAN

CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY

SPECIAL FOCUS ON THE POSITION

OF WOMEN WITHIN THE INDUSTRY

OR THE GENDER PERSPECTIVE

THE OBJECTIVES OF THE THESIS 1. TO PROVIDE A CRITICAL ASSESMENT OF THE RELEVANT

ACADEMIC LITERATURE ON LEADERSHIP WITH FOCUS ON

MCGREGOR’S XY THEORY

2. TO CONSTRUCT METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH BASED ON

RELEVANT PREVIOUSLY DONE ACADEMIC RESEARCH USING

THE MCGREGOR’S XY THEORY

3. TO CONDUCT RESEARCH AMONG 100 EMPLOYS IN

MACEDONIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

4. TO PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGERS IN THE

CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES

5. TO SUGGEST FUTURE DIRECTIVES FOR ACADEMIC RESEARCH

LEADERSHIP IS Complex phenomenon that touches many

organizational, social and personal processes “ Bolden, 2004 ” TRADITIONAL APPROACH Leaders are people who control others.

CONTEMPORARY APPROACH Leaders do control, but also motivate, teach, mentor and lead.

CULTURE

SUBCULTURE

Set of values, norms and customs within a group of people

Race, ethnicity, language, religion, GENDER (Hofstede)

EDWARD HALL’S MODEL

HIGH CONTEXT

LOW CONTEXT

AVOID WORK

AVOID RESPONSIBILITY

NEED MONITORING

LACK OF AMBITION

LACK OF CREATIVITY

DO NOT AVOID WORK

DO NOT AVOID RESPONSIBILITY

HAVE SELF-CONTROLL

HAVE AMBITION

VERY CREATIVE

THEORY X THEORY Y

GENDER PERSPECTIVE

ON LEADERSHIP STEREOTYPES

Leadership positions reserved for males

SOCIETY

Patriarchal oriented

LEADERSHIP

Male characteristics

WOMEN’S LEADERSHIP STYLE

Characterized with transformational leadership

MACEDONIAN WOMEN MANAGERS

Positive attitude related with possibilities in their careers.

BARRIERS IN MACEDONIA

• SOCIO ECONOMIC SITUATION

• CHARACTERISTICS OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY

Don’t focus on being female, you focus on

getting the job done “ ” CHERRI MUSSER, General Motors

THE TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES

RESEARCH VIA QUESTIONARE

100

6 SECTORS

SECTORS IN WHICH IS DEVIDED THE QUESTIONARE

XY, IM, TRUST, TI, SATISFACTION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

1 5 FROM TO

THE QUESTIONS ANSWERED

TOTALLY DISAGREE TO TOTALLY AGREE

THE METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH LIMITATION ONE OF THE BIGGEST COMPANIES IN MACEDONIA

THE RESULTS

GENDER PERSPECTIVE ON

44%

56%

OF WHICH 13,3% ARE MANAGERS

OF WHICH 8,8% ARE MANAGERS

AGE 30% FROM 20 TO 29 YEARS OLD

30% FROM 30 TO 39 YEARS OLD

61%

COLLEGE

EDUCATION

XY, IM, TI, TRUST AND SATISFACTION

FUTURE STEPS

RECOMMENDATIONS

• EMPLOYEES PARTICIPATION IN DECISION

MAKING

• BETTER COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN

MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

FOR MANAGERS

FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS

• EXPAND RESEARCH IN CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY IN MACEDONIA

• RESEARCH IN WHITE-COLLAR AND BLUE-

COLLAR

THANK YOU