gender mainstreaming in indonesian renewable energy policy and program

P A P P I P T E KPusat Penelitian Perkembangan Iptek

Gender Mainstreaming in Indonesian Renewable Energy Policy and Program

Purnama Alamsyah | [email protected]

International Seminar

SOCIO POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC REFORM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA:

ASSESSMENTS AND THE WAY FORWARD

Special Seminar for Indonesian Young Scholars

“The 15th Years of Indonesian Reform”

Jakarta, 9-12 March 2013


Introduction

Gender issues are an important aspect of energy.Gender defines access, ways of utilization,opportunities and control over resources. Genderalso determines the needs, priorities, andperspectives of men and women in differentsocieties.

Renewable energy itself is not gender neutral.

Renewable energy is a solution of energy crisisthat occurred in Indonesia.

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Introduction (2)

Renewable Energy as an alternative energy isnecessary for sustainable development andpoverty reduction.

Renewable energy, if properly managed, couldserve as effective development tools and supportgender mainstreaming strategies and theachievement of the MDGs

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Methodology

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The research methodology was used descriptive analysis and designedincluding literature review, individual interview, and location survey

Review of literature: renewable energy, gender mainstreaming,and the MDGs.

Individual interviews: individual interviews were conductedtowards various stakeholders from the Directorate General ofElectricity and Energy Utilization Ministry of Energy and MineralResources, HIVOS, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Businessand Economy Institute populist (IBEKA), PT Perhutani V, andRegional Government of West Java Province. In addition,interviews were conducted also with men and women in somerural areas of Indonesia.

Location survey


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Gender and Renewable Energy Policies in Indonesia

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Gender mainstreaming strategy was reinforced with the passingof Presidential Instruction (Inpres) No. 9 year 2000 on GenderMainstreaming in National Development

In 2009, the Ministry of National Development / NationalDevelopment Planning Agency (BAPPENAS)No.Kep.30/M.PPN/HK/03/2009 issued Decree regulating theestablishment of a steering committee and a technicalcommittee for gender-responsive budgeting & planning.

Presidential Regulation (PP) No. 5/2006 on the National EnergyPolicy.

Blue Print National Energy Management 2006-2025


Gender and Renewable Energy Policies in Indonesia (2)

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The implementation of gender mainstreamingpolicies in various fields, especially renewableenergy, cannot be implemented optimally

There is still a gender-bias on development policies,and the lack of disaggregated data availability ofvarious development sectors, and the assumptionthat the gender gap is not an important issue


Gender Mainstreaming in Indonesian Renewable Energy

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One of the problems faced by Indonesia is providing domesticenergy for its people, especially in rural areas. Energy in ruralareas may be characterized by inadequate energy supply,unreliable services, and heavy reliance on traditional fuels suchas firewood and charcoal.

Most of the energy consumption in rural Indonesia is for cookingand lighting.

Source: Dian Desa Source: Biogas BIRUSource: Biogas BIRU


Gender Mainstreaming in Indonesian Renewable Energy (2)

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The position of women in many ways, especially inrural areas of Indonesia, is marginalized so they arevery vulnerable to discrimination which resulted ina lack of access to energy, education, health andland to produce.

Most of the women are responsible for theprocurement and management of householdenergy, access towards energy has a specific genderdimension.

Biomass Cooking Crisis such as fuel shortages,health problems for children and women due to theuse of traditional fuels such as firewood andcharcoal, workload excess of having to gather fuels,lack of socialization and access to education andhealth, and low opportunities on increasing theirincome.

Source: Dian Desa

Source: Dian Desa



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Renewable energy programs in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas,brought by government, universities, NGO, and R&D institutions, throughvarious financing schemes such as grants, loans, and subsidies.

In practice, the determination of who will get the renewable energytechnologies are determined through a village meeting attended byvillage officials, farmer or farmer group leaders, or anyrepresentatives of the group that mostly consist of men.

In the households, determination to take renewable energytechnologies are typically based on the results of the dialoguebetween men and women, which ultimately the decision is in thehands of men as heads of households.

Renewable energy helps rural communities in addressing the energycrisis. Energy crisis experienced by rural people, especially women, hasmade them work longer hours than men in terms of providing householdenergy in order to survive, such as collecting fuel, cooking, cultivatingagricultural land, and so on.



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There are many energy technologies such as furnaces and stovesthat are not gender-responsive. A possible explanation obtained isthat technology of furnaces and stoves were designed and built bymen, that does not consider gender aspects such as how womenwould use it. As a result, women using it then experiencedifficulties and problems later on.

Renewable energy can provide optimum benefits if users are givenan understanding of the given technology. Many renewable energyprograms such as those conducted by IBEKA through micro hydropower plant and HIVOS through Indonesian Domestic BiogasProgram (BIRU), has trained users of renewable energytechnologies to manage these technologies independently.Women and men are trained not only on a technical but also non-technical issues related to the renewable energy technologies thatwere brought.



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Renewable energy usage in some areas, hasgiven wide opportunities for women to bemore actively participate in and make a lot ofproductive activities also reducing theirworkload in collecting firewood and avoidingindoor smoke that can impair their health.

Women have more spare time that can beused for socializing, discussing with theirchildren, and also engaging in productiveactivities such as establishing food and craftsbusiness

Source: Biogas Biru

Source: Dian Desa



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Renewable energy, like micro hydro, provideslighting, cooking, and electrical needs on asmall scale thus contribute to reducewomen's working time on household chores,improving health due to indoor air pollution,and increasing women's income throughproductive economic activities

Renewable energy provides benefits inkeeping the environment clean, becauselivestock waste and agricultural waste arenot disposed of in vain then therefore pollutethe environment such as rivers and soil. Insome locations using biogas energy, womenutilize biogas waste or bio-slurry as fertilizerfor their farms and sell the rest


The Relation of Gender Mainstreaming, Renewable Energy and MDGs

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The Relation of Gender Mainstreaming, Renewable Energy and MDGs (2)

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Conclusions

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Indonesia has had a policy of gender mainstreaming namelyPresidential Instruction No. 9 Year 2000. Associated with renewableenergy, renewable energy development on the basis described inIndonesian Presidential Regulation Number 5/2006 on the NationalEnergy Policy. Both of this policy and its supporting regulations try tosynergy renewable energy development with gender mainstreaming sothat National Development Goals can be realized.

Many renewable energy programs carried by central government, localgovernment, universities, R&D Institutions and NGOs to improveenergy access in rural communities, especially in Indonesia.

Renewable energy in Indonesia is useful to address the “crisis ofbiomass cooking”

In addition, renewable energy can help to empower women to activelyparticipate in the social, political and economic. The benefits ofrenewable energy in gender mainstreaming also supports the MDGsfor being run by the government, NGO, etc.


Conclusions

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Some of the challenges gender mainstreaming facing inpolicies and programs of renewable energy in Indonesiasuch as

mismatch between policies and implementation thatoccurred in the program of renewable energy

most renewable energy programs that focus on womenhave failed to recognize the importance issue thatlooking at energy issues in the context of socio-economic; and

renewable energy programs cannot be runindependently by each institution


Thank you !

gender mainstreaming in indonesian renewable energy policy and program

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