ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION

DEVELOPING INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN GOVERNANCE

INDEX Definitions; page 1

Introduction; page 1

Recent UN and Affiliated Agencies'

Roots and Details of Issue; page 2

Countries involved: 8

Bibliography and Useful Research Links; page

DEFINITIONS

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language explained ''Coast'' (coastline/seashore)

as the area where land meets the sea or

cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. An Ocean is a body of saline water that

composes a large part of a planet's hydrosphere. In the context of Earth, it refers to one or all of

major divisions of the planet's World Ocean

Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans.

According to ''Modern Governance: New Government

Ocean Governance is understood to mean ''the purposeful effort to steer, control or manage sectors

or facets of society.

INTRODUCTION

The General Assembly of the United Nations is seen as the proficient international body to

implement ocean (and coastal) governance. It functions by the Secretary General producing reports

on the recommendations by the Consultative Process of ocean matters and the law of the sea/ocean,

which are then annually reviewed by The General Assembly.

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GeMUN 2013

ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION (ENVCOM)

TOPIC 1

DEVELOPING INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN GOVERNANCERESEARCH REPORT

By Sude Kacar

ent UN and Affiliated Agencies' Actions; page 2

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Bibliography and Useful Research Links; page 9

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language explained ''Coast'' (coastline/seashore)

as the area where land meets the sea or ocean. But, a precise line that can be called a coastline

cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. An Ocean is a body of saline water that

composes a large part of a planet's hydrosphere. In the context of Earth, it refers to one or all of

major divisions of the planet's World Ocean – they are, in descending order of area, the Pacific,

Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans.

According to ''Modern Governance: New Government-Society Interactions'', the term Coastal and

Ocean Governance is understood to mean ''the purposeful effort to steer, control or manage sectors

The General Assembly of the United Nations is seen as the proficient international body to

coastal) governance. It functions by the Secretary General producing reports

on the recommendations by the Consultative Process of ocean matters and the law of the sea/ocean,

which are then annually reviewed by The General Assembly.

(ENVCOM)

DEVELOPING INTEGRATED COASTAL AND OCEAN GOVERNANCE

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language explained ''Coast'' (coastline/seashore)

ocean. But, a precise line that can be called a coastline

cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. An Ocean is a body of saline water that

composes a large part of a planet's hydrosphere. In the context of Earth, it refers to one or all of the

they are, in descending order of area, the Pacific,

Society Interactions'', the term Coastal and

Ocean Governance is understood to mean ''the purposeful effort to steer, control or manage sectors

The General Assembly of the United Nations is seen as the proficient international body to

coastal) governance. It functions by the Secretary General producing reports

on the recommendations by the Consultative Process of ocean matters and the law of the sea/ocean,

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RECENT UN AND AFFILIATED AGENCIES'S ACTIONS

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and United Nations Convention on the Law of the

Sea (UNCLOS) are two major international organizations involved in ocean and coastal

governance on a global scale.

– IMO: It is the United Nation's specialized agency responsible for safety and security of

shipping and the prevention of marine pollution by ships. It has eight different divisions like

Technical Co-operation which is designed to assist Governments which lack the technical

knowledge and resources that are needed to operate a shipping industry successful.

– UNCLOS: The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in

their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the

management of marine natural resources.

Institutions established by UNCLOS -International Seabed Authority (ISA) – An independent international institution that came into

force in 1994, with the aim of acting as a custodian of ocean commons (the Common Heritage of

Mankind). However its main purpose is to regulate deep seabed mining.

-Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) – Assists states in affairs to do with the

establishment of outer limits of their continental shelf.

-Regime for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes and the International Tribunal for the Law of the

Sea (ITLOS) – This was established to handle disputes with the application and interpretations of

UNCLOS.

-The Meeting of the State Parties (SPLOS) - carried out to conform with the article 319, paragraph

2 (e) to the LOSC Convention and is concerned with administrative matters.

ROOTS AND DETAILS OF THE ISSUE

EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE BY COUNTRY

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a seazone prescribed by the UNCLOS over which a state has

special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from

water and wind. The following images are examples of some important EEZ :

– Argentina

– Australia

– Brazil

– Canada

– Chile

– People's Republic of China

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– Cyprus

– Denmark

– France

– Greece

Greece has not yet claimed an exclusive economic

UNCLOS 1982 as well as customary international law.

– India

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Greece has not yet claimed an exclusive economic zone, although it is entitled to do so, as per

UNCLOS 1982 as well as customary international law.

zone, although it is entitled to do so, as per

– Israel

In 2010, an EEZ was set within the territorial waters between Israel and Cyprus at the maritime half

way point, an essential clarification

reservoirs. The two countries agreed to cooperate in the development of any cross border resources

discovered, and to negotiate an agreement on dividing joint resources.

– Japan

– Mexico

– New Zealand

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In 2010, an EEZ was set within the territorial waters between Israel and Cyprus at the maritime half

clarification for safeguarding Israel's rights to oil and underwater gas

reservoirs. The two countries agreed to cooperate in the development of any cross border resources

discovered, and to negotiate an agreement on dividing joint resources.

In 2010, an EEZ was set within the territorial waters between Israel and Cyprus at the maritime half

for safeguarding Israel's rights to oil and underwater gas

reservoirs. The two countries agreed to cooperate in the development of any cross border resources

– Norway

– Philippines

– Portugal

– Russia

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– South Africa

– Republic of Korea (South Korea)

– United Kingdom

– United States of America

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Republic of Korea (South Korea)

COUNTRIES INVOLVED

– United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

The United Nations Convention on

Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third

UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place from 1973 through 1982.

The Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the

world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of

marine natural resources.

The convention was opened for signat

November 16, 1994 upon deposition of the 60th instrument of ratification. The convention is

ratified by 163 states (including the Cook Islands and Niue) and the EU.

Countries that have signed, but not r

- Cambodia, Colombia, El Salvador

United Arab Emirates

- landlocked: Afghanistan, Bhutan

Niger, Rwanda

Countries that have not signed:

- Eritrea, Israel, Peru, Syria,

Venezuela - landlocked: Andorra, Azerbaijan

Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Vatican City

- states with limited recognition

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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea

Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third

UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place from 1973 through 1982.

Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the

world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of

The convention was opened for signature on December 10, 1982 and entered into force on

November 16, 1994 upon deposition of the 60th instrument of ratification. The convention is

ratified by 163 states (including the Cook Islands and Niue) and the EU.

Countries that have signed, but not ratified:

El Salvador, Iran, Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Bhutan, Burundi, Central African Republic, Ethiopia

, Timor-Leste, Turkey, United States of America

Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, San Marino

Vatican City

the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea

Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third

UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place from 1973 through 1982.

Law of the Sea Convention defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the

world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of

ure on December 10, 1982 and entered into force on

November 16, 1994 upon deposition of the 60th instrument of ratification. The convention is

Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Libya,

Ethiopia, Liechtenstein,

United States of America, Uzbekistan,

Marino, South Sudan,

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Bibliography and useful research links:

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Governance#cite_note-1

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNCLOS

3. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/focus_areas/wat

er_and_ocean_governance.html

4. http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/marine/marine_our_work/marine_governance/

5. http://worldoceanobservatory.org/content/ocean-governance

6. http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/a0863e/a0863e00.pdf

7. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/interagency_blue_paper_o

cean_rioPlus20.pdf

8. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/ourwork/environmentandenergy/focus_areas/wat

er_and_ocean_governance/ocean-coastal-governance.html

9. http://www.imo.org/Pages/home.aspx