gel agm flooded
TRANSCRIPT
Types of Batteries:
Types of Stationary Lead Acid Batteries
Flooded Batteries Maintenance Free VRLA Batteries
Conventional tubular Flat plate AGM VRLA
Low maintenance
Conventional tubular lead acid Batteries
Flat plate AGM VRLA Batteries
Flat plate Hybrid VRLA BatteriesLow maintenance
tubular lead acid Batteries
Batteries
Tubular GEL VRLA Batteries
WHAT IS A FLOODED BATTERY?
A flooded battery is a lead acid electricstorage battery that:
1. Can be open vented
2. Can use high antimony, lowti l i t l llantimony or calcium metal alloys
or a combination of calcium andlow antimony (hybrid.)
3. Requires maintenance in cyclicapplications
4. Its entire electrolyte volume is freeto move within the cell and escapeof hydrogen and oxygen gassesnormally lost during charging.
5. It is spill able, and therefore canonly be operated in an up rightposition.
Flooded Electrolyte Advantages:
1. Lowest initial cost2. Suitable for low & medium rate applications.3 Water can be added 3. Water can be added 4. More tolerant of improper recharge voltages.5. Certain designs are good for deep cyclic applications.
Flooded Electrolyte disadvantages:
1. Spill able.2. Operates upright only.3. Shorter shelf life.4. Fewer shipping options.5. Cannot be installed near sensitive electronic
equipment.6. Watering will be required .6. Watering will be required .7. Requires high levels of maintenance & safety practices.
WHAT IS AGM BATTERY ?
Vent PlugReliable Valve Operation Flame retardant porous disc Provides safety
Terminal Post Consistent quality weld Provides leak free Operation Improves high rate performance safety
Moss Shield Prevents ShorteningAllows uniform ElectrolyteDistributionP id i idit
high rate performance
Provides rigidity
Compression Pad Provides Uniform Compression at desired pressure
Positive Electrode Unique griddesign & proprietry lead alloyreduces plate growthProprietary paste formulaprovides excellent deep cycling Compression at desired pressure
Provides rigidity Prevents bulgingy
capability & long lifeProcess Provides good bonding
‘U’ Wrap AGM Prevents plates from shorting Extra thick and absorbent mat for long life
Ribbed Jar Provides extra strength Better heat dissipation Tolerant against thermal runway g
Provides uniform electrolyte distribution
1. It is sealed using special pressure valves and should never be opened
2. Typically uses calcium/Calcium metal alloys
3. It is completely maintenance free.3. t is completely maintenance f ee.
4. It’s entire electrolyte absorbed in separators consisting of sponge-like mass of matted glass fibers
5. Uses a recombination reaction to prevent the escape of hydrogen andoxygen gasses normally lost in a flooded lead acid battery duringcharging.
6. It is non-spill able , and therefore can be operated in virtually anyposition.
Advantages of AGM battery
1. Totally maintenance free
2. Spill proof/ leak proof
3. No corrosion
4. Lower cost than gel batteries.
5. Compatible with sensitive electronic equipment.
6. Very low to no gassing (unless overcharged).
7. Excellent for starting & stationary applications.
8. Superior for shorter duration /high rates of discharge.8. Superior for shorter duration /high rates of discharge.
9. Superior shelf life.
10. Superior recharge ability (from 0% to 90% in 6 - 8hours).
11. Rugged & vibrant resistant.
Disadvantages of AGM batteryg f y
1. Shorter cycle life than gel in very deep cycleapplications.applications.
2. Automatic temperature sensing , voltage regulatedcharges must be used.
3. Water cannot be replenished if continuallyovercharged.
4. Charge voltage must be limited (2.35V maximumper cell at 25°C /77°F ).
WHAT IS GEL VRLA BATTERY?
Sl.No Description NED Specification
Positive
Pressure die casted Tubular non ovengauntlet plates consisting of lead calcium
65
1 Positive Plate alloy optimized for high corrosion
resistance and for reducing shedding athigh temperature cyclic applications.
N ti Flat grid plates consisting of lead calcium2 Negative
Plate
g p g falloy and proprietary paste to operate atPSOC conditions.
3 SeparatorPolymer separator for electricalseparation of positive and negative plates
13 Separator separation of positive and negative plates
and optimized for low internal resistance.
4 Container & Cover FR grade PPCP for strength and durability
5 Terminals High conductivity brass inserts for easyand safe bolted assembly.
6 Valves
Vent assembly releases gas in case ofexcess pressure and protect the cells
3 6 Valves during abnormal charging conditions fromsafety point of view.2
43
1. It is sealed using special pressure valves and should never be opened
2. Typically uses calcium / Calcium metal alloys
3. With proper operating conditions is completely maintenance-free
4. Uses gelled electrolyte
5 U bi ti ti t t th f h d d5. Uses a recombination reaction to prevent the escape of hydrogen andoxygen gasses normally lost in a flooded lead-acid battery duringcharging.
6. It is non-spill able and therefore can be operated in virtually anyposition.
1. Totally maintenance free
2 Spill proof / leak proof
Advantages of Gelled Electrolyte:
2. Spill proof / leak proof
3. No corrosion
4. Superior for deep cycle applications.
5. Suitable for low & medium rate of discharge applications.
6. Very low to no gassing ( unless overcharged)
7. Compatible with sensitive electronic equipment
8. Superior shelf life
9. Superior recharge ability (from 0% to 90% in 6-8 hours).
10. Rugged & vibrant resistant.
11. Lowest cost per month ( cost/month of life)
12. Lowest cost per cycle ( cost / life cycle) – up to 12% more cycles than advancedAGM batteries when discharged capacity exceeds 80%.
13. Up to 3 times the cycling ability of standard AGM when discharge capacityexceeds 50% at high temperatures.
Higher initial cost.
Gelled Electrolyte disadvantages:
Heavier weight.
Water cannot be replenished if continuallyovercharged.
Automatic temperature sensing, voltage regulatedchargers must be used & charge voltage must bechargers must be used & charge voltage must belimited (2.35V maximum per cell at 25°C/ 77°F).
S No Feature VRLA AGM Tubular Flooded Tubular Gel VRLA
COMPARISON OF BATTERIES BASED ON DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
S.No Feature VRLA AGM Tubular Flooded Tubular Gel VRLA
1 Gassing/FumingNo Gassing/Fuming
can be installed anywhere
High Gassing/fuming separate battery room with exhaust system is
essential
No Gassing/Fuming can be installed anywhere
2Topping up of
electrolyte
No topping-up required normally Topping up required
frequently No topping-up required
normally
3Space
requirement Small cell Size,
Low Space Requirement
Large cell Size, Large Space Requirement
Small cell Size, Low Space Requirement
V ti l t ki l 4 Stacking Horizontal or
Vertical
Vertical stacking only Tier Stacking is not
practical for long life.Horizontal or Vertical
5Transportation
in charged Easy Troublesome(enough protection to be made) Easy
Condition protection to be made)
6
Self dischargeduring storage at
an average Temperature of
50% self discharge in 6 months.
Recovery Easy.
Self discharge is very high. Long duration
storage not recommended. Recovery
50% self discharge in 1 year. Recovery Easy.
35° C difficult.
Reference: Evaluation of different battery technologies used in Indian telecom network by TEC
S.No Feature VRLA AGM Tubular Flooded Tubular Gel VRLA
7 Cyclic life to 80% DOD
1000-1200 cycles at an average
temperature of 27°C in normal
environmental
1200-1500 cycles @ 27˚C Depends on
operating conditions & maintenance
1600-1800 cycles at an average temperature of
27°C.environmental conditions
maintenance
8 Float Life at 27°C 6-8 years 8-10 years 8-12 years
High 9
High Temperature Performance
Average Good Good
10Low
TemperaturePerformance
Good Poor GoodPerformance
11 Stratification Negligible no boost charging required
Prominent requires frequent boost charging
for prevention
Negligible no boost charging required
12 End cell 1 75V/ ll 1 85V/ ll 1 75V/ ll12 End cell Voltage 1.75V/cell 1.85V/cell 1.75V/cell
13
Capacity at very lower
rate of Discharge
Average Good Good
Discharge
Reference: Evaluation of different battery technologies used in Indian telecom network by TEC
S.No Feature VRLA AGM Tubular Flooded Tubular Gel VRLA
14 Deep Discharge Recovery
Average after 4 to 5 Charge/Discharge
Cycles
Poor Hard sulphation prevents recovery
Average after 4 to 5 Charge/Discharge Cycles
15 Charge Excellent 6 to 8 H f 90% Poor 12 to 14 Hours for Slightly poor 8 to 10 15 Charge
efficiency Hours for 90% recovery
Poor 12 to 14 Hours for 90% recovery
Slightly poor 8 to 10 hours for 90% recovery.
16 Undercharged performance Average Poor Good
17 Over Charging Poor Good Good
Performance18
funder partial
state of chargeAverage Poor Good
19 Charging Requirement
Constant voltage charging for SMPS
Power plants
Periodical boost charging at 2.7 V/cell
essential
Constant voltage charging for SMPS
power PlantsPower plants essential power Plants
20 Thermal runaway Sensitive Robust Robust
21 Risk of internal h t i iti Remote High due to active
t i l h ddi Remoteshort circuiting material shedding
Reference: Evaluation of different battery technologies used in Indian telecom network by TEC
S.No Feature VRLA AGM Tubular Flooded Tubular Gel VRLAS.No Feature VRLA AGM Tubular Flooded Tubular Gel VRLA
22 Internal resistance
Very low Ideal for shortduration application
Very high suitable for low & medium rate of discharge applications
Higher because of Geland Suitable formedium rate ofapplications
23 Design
Flat plate used withAGM separator,suitable for high rateof discharge with
d t lif
Tubular positive & flatnegative plates are usedwith liquid electrolyte,suitable for low, medium
t li ti
Tubular positive & flatnegative plates,electrolyte is in theform of GEL, suitablefor low & medium ratemoderate life rate applications fapplications.
24 CostInitial cost is low.However cost per cyclei hi h id
Initial cost is moderate & cost per cycle is
medium. However it depends upon the
Initial cost is higher.However cost per cyclei lis on higher side depends upon the
operating conditions & maintenance
is low.
25 Water No addition of water
Frequency increasesdramatically with agedue to antimony No addition of water25 Addition No addition of water due to antimonycontamination ofnegative plate
No addition of water
Reference: Evaluation of different battery technologies used in Indian telecom network by TEC
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
1. Recommended charging methods
S. No Type of battery
Float Applications @ 27°C Cyclic applications @ 27°C
2V cell 48VCell
Max cur.
Limit2V cell 48V
cell
Max cur.
LimitLimit Limit
1. Flooded tubular 2.23-2.25 53.52-54.00
0.1C10t
2.4-2.5 57.60-60.0
0.1C10to
2. AGM VRLA 2.25-2.27 54.0-54.48 2.30-2.35 55.20-56.4to
0.25C10
to 0.25C103. Tubular GEL 2.25-2.27 54.0-54.48 2.30-2.35 55.20-56.4
4. Hybrid VRLA 2.25-2.27 54.0-54.48 2.30-2.35 55.20-56.4
Initial performance
120
Initial performance
100
110
city
80
90
% o
f C
apac
Tubular Flooded
Tubular GEL
70
80% Tubular GEL
AGM
60
0 25 50 75 100No Of cycleso O cyc es
˚
10
Float service life @ 27˚C
789
456
108
10
Year
s
123
0Flooded AGM Gel
Batery Typey yp
Flooded: ZENITH AGM: ML Gel: MQ
80% DOD at 27˚C
1800
80% DOD at 27 C
1200
1400
1600 1800
es
600
800
1000 1200
1000
No
of c
ycle
200
400
600N
0Flooded AGM Gel
Battery type y yp
Flooded: ZENITH AGM: ML Gel: MQ
Cyclic life @50% DOD at 27˚C
3000
2000
2500 3000
3000
s
1000
1500 1800
of
Cycl
es
500
1000
No
0Flooded AGM Gel
Battery TypeBattery Type
Flooded: ZENITH AGM: ML Gel: MQ
Cyclic Life @ 20% DOD at 27˚C
4500
5000
3000
3500
4000 5000
4000
5000
cles
2000
2500
3000
No
of C
yc
500
1000
1500
0Flooded AGM Gel
Battery Typey yp
Flooded: ZENITH AGM: ML Gel: MQ
Recharge time at 60% DOD @ 27˚C
7
8 8 8
5
6
7
6
s
3
4
Hou
rs
0
1
2
0Flooded AGM Gel
Type of Battery
Flooded: ZENITH AGM: ML Gel: MQ
Recommended operating Temperature
S.No Battery Type Operating Temperature RemarksWhen Temperature
Recommended operating Temperature
1 Flooded 20°C to 55°CWhen Temperature
increases above 35˚C maintenance increases
2 G 0°C 30°CAbove 35°C life of the
b i d d 2 AGM 0°C to 30°C battery is reduced drastically
3 Hybrid 0°C to 40°CAbove 40°C life of the
battery is reduced y ydrastically
4 Tubular -20°C to +55°CSuitable for cyclic
applications @ high temperatures temperatures
Self Discharge:
Th lf di h t ill f ti f bi t tThe self discharge rate will vary as a function of ambient storagetemperature
Shelf life:
When lead acid battery of any type are stored for extended periods oftime, lead sulphate is for extended periods of time, lead sulphate isformed on negative plates of batteries this phenomenon is referred to as“sulphation”. Since the lead sulphate acts as an insulator, it hasdetrimental effect on charge acceptance. The more advanced thesulphation, the lower the charge acceptance
Shelf life at various temperatures
S.No Temperature RangeMonths
Flooded AGM GELFlooded AGM GEL1 0°C to 20°C 6 12 24
2 21°C to 30°C 3 6 12
3 31°C to 40°C 2 4 6
4 41°C to 50°C 1 2 3
Types of Lead Acid Batteries & Positioning Chart
Cost : Price per Ah per cycle @ 40˚Ccles p p y @
@ 2000 US$.
Backup : Initial Back up@ C/6 LoadAfter charging for 8 Hours @ 2.30/ ll d l f 7
No
of C
ycV/cell End Voltage of 47V
No. of Cycles: Cyclic Life @ 50% DOD
ML: Max Life “ AGM VRLA”.
MQ M Q li “T b l G l VRLA”
Z: ZENITH “Flooded LMLA”
MQ: Max Qualita “Tubular Gel VRLA”
rs.)
Temperature (˚C)Cost Rs. / Cycle
k-up
tim
e (H
rB
ack