GEXCON

Geirmund VislieExecutive Vice President

22.05.2017

Vision

GexCon – the leading global partner in

dispersion, fire, explosion safety and risk

management

Global Footprint

BergenNorwayMain office

PerthAustralia

JakartaIndonesia

PuneIndia

OrmskirkUnited Kingdom

DubaiUnited Arab Emirates

MilanItaly

BethesdaHoustonUnited States of America

ShanghaiChina

www.gexcon.com

OrganizationBoard of Directors

Arvid NøttvedtElisabeth JuulTrygve Skjold

Sturle H. PedersenCEO

Gexcon

Global Management Team (GMT)CFOCTO

EVP ConsultingEVP Software

EVP LaboratoriesEVP Academy

Kees van WIngerdenExecutive Vice President

Geirmund VislieExecutive Vice President

Kjell SvellingenExecutive Vice President

Brian WilkinsExecutive Vice Preesident

Gexcon Consulting

FLACS Consulting group

• Strong CFD competence and industrial understanding• Long and extensive track record – in business since mid 1990s

• Services:• Standardised safety and design studies• Technically advanced and tailored CFD analyses • Consulting services and guidance on blast engineering

• High volume of FLACS jobs means :• Large team with extensive technical capability• Specialised scripts and routines• Cost efficiency through team experience and technology

• Extensive experience and proximity to FLACS development team allow us to take on technically challenging projects

Excellent representation of geometry and terrain

Ventilaton and dispersion analysis

Ventilation analyses

• FLACS : spatially detailed information on ventilation• Air flow ventilation rates in building and enclosures • Optimisation of inlet and outlets with respect to process hazards• Identification of stagnant areas

• Example of ventilation rates in solvent factory: 29 ventilationpoints assure satisfactory ventilation in all areas with elevatedcapasity near critical locations.

Ventilation analysis• Effect of wind field on adjacent platforms

• Identifies “hot spots” for gas accumulation

Ventilation – velocity vectors

Ventilation – Flammable and toxic clouds

Wind

<10 ppm

15 ppm

20 ppm

50 ppm

>100 ppm

LFL UFL

H2S concentration levels: • 65 kg/s mass leak rate toward East• 4 m/s external wind, at 10m above sea level

Ventilation – Sensitivity on FPSO wind angle

Simulation of LNG Release at Jetty Facility

Heavy gas dispersion

Explosion

Explosion on FPSO

Same explosion – rendered view video

3D Flame & Explosion overpressure on surfaces

Fire

Fire modelling

• Jet fires in the open

• Jet fires in cross-wind (flares)

• Impinging jets

• Jet releases with delayed ignition (dispersion and fire)

• Jet fires in confined and congested areas

• Compartment fires (over and under-ventilated)

• Pool fires

• Transient conditions – time dependent consequence model

• Design support for PFP optimization

• Verification of fire partitions

• Laboratory experiments to verify integrity

Flare radiation modelling

• Identify areas where heat shielding is needed

• Optimise height of flare stack

• Comparison studies for different flare tips

Process Safety

Services briefly include

• Hazard identification

• Regulatory compliance

• Risk reduction, prevention andmitigation

• Project management

• Training

• Audits and evaluation

Hazard identification studies

• HAZID / HAZOP• LOPA / SIL• Ignition hazard analysis

Regulatory compliance

Pragmatic solutions from engineers withmany years experience working on site

• Hazardous area classification documentation• Risk assessment (explosion, fire, asphyxiation)• Explosion protection documentation (EPD)• Ignition source identification

Accident Investigation

Accident investigations

Vast experience in explosionaccident investigations

«Famous explosions» whereGexcon was requested to support the accident investigation include:• Piper Alpha• TWA-800• Buncefield

and more recently• West, Texas• BW Offshore – Cidade de São

Mateus

Piper Alpha, offshore platform, 1988

• Explosion in compressormodule which causedescalation

• Platform was completelydestroyed

• 167 people lost their lives• Gexcon’s contribution

showed initial explosioncaused about 0.3 bar pressure

• Extensively described in Cullen report

Buncefield, 2005

• Series of explosions and followed by large fire on large fuel storage site

• Destroyed large parts of the depot and caused widespread damage to homes and businesses surrounding the site

• Nobody was killed, but 43 people suffered minor injuries

• Gexcon demonstrated that explosion was probably accelerated by vegetation induced turbulence.

Gexcon Laboratories

Gexcon LaboratoriesWhat do we do?:• Responsible for all testing and experimental research

performed at Gexcon• Perform both standardised and specialised/tailor-made testing

and experimental work• Laboratory/small-scale testing is performed at Fantoft, Bergen• Medium- & large-scale testing work is performed at Gexcons

outdoor test site at Sotra• Currently 12 staff in the department and a growing activity• Significant test site extension performed during 2013-2016• ISO-9001:2008 certified Q3, 2013 and recertified Q3, 2016

Laboratory testing – explosion properties:

• Measurement of explosion properties for dust & gas such as:

• Minimum ignition energy of dust cloud (video to right)• Explosion pressure development• Ignition temperatures (dust cloud, dust layer)• Self ignition properties (SIT/AIT)• Inerting (LOC)• Effect of fuel concentration (LEL/UEL)• Etc.

Laboratory testing – CFD validation testing – Propane in 1.4 m channel

Gexcons outdoor test site in Sund, Sotra, near Bergen

Established 1981-1982

• Increase of test pad from 500 m2 to 7000 m2

• Large-scale explosion testing for tailor-made client & JIP research programmes

• Extension of services regarding ATEX approval (testing of explosion protection systems & equipment)

• Large scale release & dispersion tests and cryogenic testing (LNG/LIN)

• Fire testing: HC-jet and HC-pool fire resistance testing and testing of active fire protection systems (in progress)

Current test-site extension, upgrade and initiatives

Gexcon Laboratories – enlarged and upgraded Sotra test site

Examples of recent projects and testing work at Gexcon

• Ethylene explosions and mitigation methods• Explosion mitigation using flame inhibitors• LNG release and dispersion tests• LNG pool fire testing• Testing technology to mitigate gas attacks on ATMs• Hydrogen explosions in containers – The HySEA project• Explosion testing of passive fire protection

50 m3 tube tests with ethylene, explosion mitigation testing

50 m3 tube tests with ethylene, explosion mitigation testing – HS-Video

50 m3 module – Explosion mitigation with flame inhibitors – HS-Video

LNG pool generation and gas dispersion testing

LNG pool fire testing

ATM rupture testing – verification of new technology against gas attacks

Hydrogen explosions in containers – testing for HySEA project

Equipment testing – Explosion testing of passive fire protection

Further investments – Sotra Phase 2 – FIRE

In preparation:

• Significant investments in the Sotra test site with new facilities for HC-Jet & pool fire testing in cooperation with PFP manufacturers

• New testing facilities • Investments envisaged : 30-35 mNOK• Intended timeline : 2017-2019

Jet fire loading

• Collaboration with major partners within field of PFP• Development of facilities to allow testing of jet fire resistance of

equipment• Should be able to generate higher loads than ISO standard

22899-1 (350-400 kW/m2 vs standard 250 kW/m2) • Aiming at excluding influence of weather conditions• Erection of test hall is desirable and will be considered• Support (partial) from Innovation Norway has been granted

Thank you for yourattention