GCSE Revision JanuaryGCSE Revision January

OCR ‘A’OCR ‘A’Short answers by sectionShort answers by section

Followed by solutions Followed by solutions

YOU WILL NEED PAPER AND A PENYOU WILL NEED PAPER AND A PEN

Earthquakes and VolcanoesEarthquakes and Volcanoes

1.1. What T word is the science of studying What T word is the science of studying earthquakes + volcanoes?earthquakes + volcanoes?

2.2. Which Volcano exploded in 1980?Which Volcano exploded in 1980?

3.3. Which earthquake moved in 1995?Which earthquake moved in 1995?

4.4. How do we measure the intensity of How do we measure the intensity of earthquakes?earthquakes?

5.5. What is unusual about this scale?What is unusual about this scale?

Vo + Eq cont.Vo + Eq cont.

6.6. What are the four types of plate margins?What are the four types of plate margins?

7.7. Which one creates fold mountains?Which one creates fold mountains?

8.8. Which type is found off of the West coast Which type is found off of the West coast of South America?of South America?

9.9. Give an example of the boundary which Give an example of the boundary which produces the most earhtquakesproduces the most earhtquakes

10.10. Which case study of a plate margin is best Which case study of a plate margin is best to use in an examination and why?to use in an examination and why?

Vo + Eq ANSWERSVo + Eq ANSWERS1.1. Tectonics – must be spelt correctlyTectonics – must be spelt correctly2.2. Mt St Helens 18Mt St Helens 18thth May 0833 May 08333.3. Kobe, Japan 17Kobe, Japan 17thth January 0546 January 05464.4. The Richter scale [or Mercalli scale]The Richter scale [or Mercalli scale]5.5. It is logarithmic [quite subjective]It is logarithmic [quite subjective]6.6. Convergent, Divergent, Transform {+ Collision,}Convergent, Divergent, Transform {+ Collision,}7.7. Collision faults such as the Indo Australian Collision faults such as the Indo Australian

plateplate8.8. ConvergentConvergent9.9. San Andreas fault San Andreas fault 10.10. Nazca plate subducting the Andes – lots to Nazca plate subducting the Andes – lots to

write aboutwrite about

RiversRivers

1.1. How does a drainage basin differ from a How does a drainage basin differ from a watershed?watershed?

2.2. List four types of precipitationList four types of precipitation3.3. When water passes into the ground we call When water passes into the ground we call

this –this –4.4. What do you call the difference between What do you call the difference between

peak discharge and rainfall?peak discharge and rainfall?5.5. A hydrograph with a short steep rising limb A hydrograph with a short steep rising limb

and high peak discharge will cause ……..and high peak discharge will cause ……..

Rivers cont.Rivers cont.

Rivers cont.Rivers cont.

6.6. What are the four types of river transport?What are the four types of river transport?7.7. Which bank on a bend is slowest and Which bank on a bend is slowest and

shallower?shallower?8.8. What is needed in the geology of an area What is needed in the geology of an area

for a waterfall to form?for a waterfall to form?9.9. What happens to the abandoned meander What happens to the abandoned meander

when the meander neck breaks through?when the meander neck breaks through?10.10. Give 5 flood facts to support your Case Give 5 flood facts to support your Case

StudyStudy

Rivers ANSWERSRivers ANSWERS

1.1. Basin is the area drained, watershed the dividing line.Basin is the area drained, watershed the dividing line.2.2. Rain, snow, sleet, hail, dew + frostRain, snow, sleet, hail, dew + frost3.3. InfiltrationInfiltration4.4. Lag timeLag time5.5. FloodingFlooding6.6. Traction, Saltation, Suspension, SolutionTraction, Saltation, Suspension, Solution7.7. The insideThe inside8.8. A different resistance to erosion [rock is not soft]A different resistance to erosion [rock is not soft]9.9. Stagnation, decay of plant material, gradual infillStagnation, decay of plant material, gradual infill10.10. 1995 Rhine, 1995 Rhine,

Flooding River RhineFlooding River Rhine““5th January 19955th January 19953x average rainfall for Switzerland3x average rainfall for Switzerland10.2M10.2MSunday Cologne Sunday Cologne Sandbags – 8kg -> 12 kg wet 11,000Sandbags – 8kg -> 12 kg wet 11,000Estimate 10.65m high, 10.40 peak in afternoonEstimate 10.65m high, 10.40 peak in afternoonDrains in cities chokedDrains in cities chokedCompact Soil, little veg. Arable farmingCompact Soil, little veg. Arable farmingDeforestationDeforestationR. Maas in Well -> France, Belgium, HollandR. Maas in Well -> France, Belgium, HollandNo Dykes so used sand bagsNo Dykes so used sand bagsWater rose, threatened the schoolWater rose, threatened the schoolEvacuated, 50,000Evacuated, 50,000Dyke sacrificed to save green houseDyke sacrificed to save green houseHumans had reduced efficiency of storage areasHumans had reduced efficiency of storage areasDykes and embankments reduce local flooding but reduced local floodingDykes and embankments reduce local flooding but reduced local floodingFlood surge takes 2 to 3 days, originally 5 daysFlood surge takes 2 to 3 days, originally 5 daysDykes much cheaperDykes much cheaper

Ophemart – Holland: tall dykes50ha fertile farmland – 2 days after CologneTuesday afternoon evacuated36 Hours – 500 cattle, maize + hay3 tractors f hay, truck for maize, 9 Hours, arrived 2am Thursday morning150,000 people evacuatedDykes held so only 4 days awayCost – transportation, refunded by governmentCalf hoofs – foot rotLess milk produced

Cologne – by midnight level droppingNot just whole town Compensation difficult Financial [economic] Physical, Social - stress

CoastsCoasts

1.1. What is the main process of What is the main process of transportation?transportation?

2.2. Which two features/landforms are found at Which two features/landforms are found at the bottom of cliffs?the bottom of cliffs?

3.3. List five words to sum up the sequence List five words to sum up the sequence which produced Old Harrywhich produced Old Harry

4.4. Give an example of a spit, bar and tomboloGive an example of a spit, bar and tombolo5.5. Which management scheme is a) most Which management scheme is a) most

expensive b) most attractiveexpensive b) most attractive

Coasts ANSWERSCoasts ANSWERS

1.1. Long Shore DriftLong Shore Drift2.2. Wave cut platform and notchWave cut platform and notch3.3. Joint cave arch stack stumpJoint cave arch stack stump4.4. Spit – Dawlish Warren or Hurst Castle, Bar – Slapton Spit – Dawlish Warren or Hurst Castle, Bar – Slapton

Ley, Tombolo – Chesil BeachLey, Tombolo – Chesil Beach5.5. Promenade most expensive = sea wallPromenade most expensive = sea wallSoft options are the most attractive.Soft options are the most attractive.

MULTIPLY BY 4 [60% = C]MULTIPLY BY 4 [60% = C]Identify mistakes, cross reference to text book and LEARNIdentify mistakes, cross reference to text book and LEARN