GCSE Physical GCSE Physical EducationEducation

The Effect of Lifestyle on the The Effect of Lifestyle on the Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

By the end of this lesson pupils should:

The need for rest and recovery time

The impact of diet on the cardiovascular system, in particular how it can effect blood pressure and cholesterol

The effects of recreational drugs

RestRest

RestRest Rest - the period of time allotted to recovery

Rest is essential to recovery and to allow the body to adapt

Specifically, rest allows the heart to grow in size and thickness and for the number of capillaries to increase

Risk of Coronary Heart Risk of Coronary Heart DiseaseDisease

Risk of Coronary Heart Risk of Coronary Heart DiseaseDisease

Factors that may have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system and increase the risk of coronary heart disease include:

High cholesterol

Recreational drugs

Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise

Stress

High CholesterolHigh Cholesterol

High CholesterolHigh Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins

Lipoprotein come in two forms:

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

High Density Lipoprotein High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)(HDL)

Contains more protein than fat and is referred to as ‘good cholesterol’

Carries cholesterol away from the arteries to the liver, which removes it from the body

Foods rich in HDL include fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes

Low Density Lipoprotein Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)(LDL)

Consists mainly of fat and is known as ‘bad cholesterol’

Is the major cause of cholesterol in the blood, and can lead to a build-up of plaque which can restrict blood flow in the arteries

Blockages in the blood vessels mean that the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body, resulting in an increase in blood pressure

High CholesterolHigh Cholesterol

High CholesterolHigh Cholesterol

High cholesterol can be caused by a diet high in LDL, such as saturated fat (bad fat).

Cholesterol only becomes a problem when the level in the blood is too high

More cholesterol than the body needs can cause a build up of fatty deposits (plaque) in the arteries and lead to heart problems

This can increase the risk of coronary heart disease

Recreational DrugsRecreational Drugs

Recreational DrugsRecreational Drugs Nicotine raises blood pressure because they release adrenaline. Adrenaline constricts the arteries and causes the heart to beat faster

Tobacco smoke is a major risk of heart disease. Smoking lowers HDL (‘good cholesterol’) and increases chance of blood clotting

Some people have to take prescription drugs to control blood pressure

Sedentary Lifestyle & Lack of Sedentary Lifestyle & Lack of ExerciseExercise

Sedentary Lifestyle & Lack of Sedentary Lifestyle & Lack of ExerciseExercise

Inactivity means that the cardiovascular system does not receive the benefits of exercise

Sedentary living is also believed to be one of the main reasons for increasing rates of obesity

Sedentary living involves sitting and a lack of exercise

StressStress

StressStress The stress that may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease is different to the stress felt before a competition or while taking an exam

Negative stress builds up over time and can affect the cardiovascular system by leading to an increase in blood pressure and elevated heart rate

It can also lead to depression and mood swings

Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (Revisited)(Revisited)

By the end of this lesson pupils should:

The need for rest and recovery time

The impact of diet on the cardiovascular system, in particular how it can effect blood pressure and cholesterol

The effects of recreational drugs

Thank youThank you

Any questions, please do not hesitate to ask