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Mental Health Status among Rohingya Refugees in BangladeshProfessor Dr. Asoke Kumar Saha

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S.L Teachers Name Designation E-mail Address Mobil number01 Professor Dr. Kazi Saifuddin Professor E-mail: [email protected] 01985113649

02 Professor Dr. Asoke Kumar Saha ProfessorChairman

E-mail: [email protected] 01726-028112

03 Professor Dr. Noor Muhammad Professor E-mail: [email protected] 01717-228783

04 Dr. Muhammad Akram Uzzaman Associate Professor


05 Dr. Fatema-Tu-Zohra Binte Zaman Associate Professor


06 Dr. Farjana Ahmed (1) Associate Professor


07 Md. Sahinuzzaman Assistant Professor


08 Farzana Ahmed (2) Assistant Professor

E-mail: [email protected] 01633372404

09 Md. Nore Nobi Nirobe Assistant Professor


10 H M Saidur Rahaman (Study leave) Assistant Professor


11 Md. Shaheen Mollah Assistant Professor


12 Kishor Roy Assistant Professor


13 Syed Muhammad Sajjad Kabir Assistant Professor


14 Kazi Nur Hossain Assistant Professor

E-mail: kazinur [email protected] 01731175967

15 Samsad Afrin Himi (Study leave) Lecturer E-mail: [email protected] 01719-658404

16 Munira Azhar Urmee Assistant Professor


17 Rajeka Fardosh Tany Assistant Professor

[email protected] 01916-269046

18 Hamida Akter Assistant Professor

E-mail:- [email protected] 01924-987369

19 Sanjida Khan (Study learn) Assistant Professor


20 Shamima Akter Assistant Professor


21 Rahama Rahim Lecturer E-mail:[email protected] 01912921297

22 Jannatul ferdous Lecturer E-mail:[email protected] 01796640634

List of Faculty Members

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S.L Name Department E-mail Address Mobil number01 Md. Alamgir Hossain Section Officer (G-1) [email protected] 01722-32514502 Md. Saiful Islam Senior Lab Technician [email protected] 01734-48044703 Md. Esha Khan Office Assistant [email protected] 0191727438404 Most Fouzia Begum Office Assistant 01816-46498105 Md. Abdul Jalil Lab Assistant [email protected] 01721-14037007 Md. Mostfa Kamal M. L. S.S [email protected] 01718-03317306 Abdur Rahman Nannu M. L. S.S [email protected] 01716-16147108 Md Mozibur Rahaman Lift Operator 0173629702909 Sabitry Das Cleaner 01731530588

None Academic Staff

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During our adult lives, a large proportion of our time is spent at work. Our experience in the workplace is one of the factors determining our overall wellbeing. Employers and managers who put in place workplace initiatives to promote mental health and to support employees who have mental disorders see gains not only in the health of their employees but also in their productivity at work. A negative working environment, on the other hand, may lead to physical and mental health problems, harmful use of substances or alcohol, absenteeism and lost productivity.

Depression and anxiety disorders are common mental disorders that have an

impact on our ability to work, and to work productively. Globally, more than 300 million people suffer from depression, the leading cause of disability. More than 260 million are living with anxiety disorders. Many of these people live with both. A recent WHO-led study estimates that depression and anxiety disorders cost the global economy US$ 1 trillion each year in lost productivity.

Mental health in the workplace is the theme of World Mental Health Day 2017. World Mental Health Day is observed on 10 October every year, with the overall objective of raising awareness of mental health issues and mobilizing efforts in support of better mental health.

World Mental Health Day 2017Mental health in the Workplace

gbK_v14

The Rohingya of Myanmar is a severely persecuted minority who form one of the largest groups of stateless people living in refugee camps in southeastern Bangladesh. There has been little research available into the mental health consequences of war, displacement and other historical trauma facing by the Rohingya people in the refugee camps located in Coxsbazar district in Bangladesh. A recent visit by the researcher into 6 Rohingya camps in these areas i.e. Kutupalong, Nayapara and other refugee camps in Coxsbazar shows that high levels of mental health are concerns such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, somatic complaints, family conflict, drug addiction, and associated functional impairment are very common. Participants also endorsed local idioms of distress, including somatic complaints very high levels of daily environmental stresses associated with life in the camps, including problems with food, lack of freedom of movement, and concerns regarding safety. Thus, it is very important to conduct a study on the above title so that the findings will help us to take the appropriate mental health intervention and prepare a strategic plan for the Rohingya people living in the camps.The WHO mhGAP aims to scale up services for mental, neurological and substance use disorders, especially in low and middle income countries. Even where resources are scarce, with quality care, psychosocial assistance and medication, people with common mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia and epilepsy can lead normal lives. WHO remains committed to support the Government of Bangladesh and the partner agencies in addressing the health challenges determined by the recent influx of Rohingya population in Coxsbazr district. More than half of all children in refugees- at least 170,000 in Rohingya children in different camps are at risk of psychological and social distress. For at least 50,000 of them, the stress can be toxic and can result in lifelong damage, says international charitable organization World Vision, which calls for a scale up in psychosocial interventions for children.Fighting has driven out more than 655,000 people from Myanmar’s Rakhine State in Bangladesh since August 2017, notes the Inter Sector Coordination Group (ISCG), in collaboration with humanitarian partners. Aid groups, including World Vision, have

reached 120,839 boys and girls with psychosocial support to help address the psychological and social effects of the emergency through child-friendly spaces. Some 28,000 young boys and girls have attended adolescent clubs to learn life skills. “These numbers are only the tip of a mental health iceberg,” said Fred Witteveen, World Vision’s National Director in Bangladesh. There are still thousands of children who need urgent psychosocial care.After an emergency, lack of timely psychosocial care can impair a child’s mental, emotional, social, and physical development; in extreme specialized cases, lack of psychosocial support can result in complex, lifelong psychological disturbance. The younger children are the most vulnerable, these girls and boys are to toxic stress, which happens when the body’s stress response system is activated after a prolonged period without adequate care. There was a direct effect of trauma exposure on mental health outcomes (PTSD symptoms), daily environmental stressors partially mediated this relationship (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28540768). Depression symptoms were associated with daily stresses, but not prior trauma exposure. These findings indicate that daily stresses play a vital role in mental health outcomes of populations affected by collective violence and statelessness. It is, therefore, important to consider the role and effects of environmental stresses associated with life in refugee camps on the mental health and psychosocial well-being of stateless populations such as the Rohingya, living in protracted human environments.Over 20 primary health care workers in Cox’s Bazar, including physicians, clinical psychologists, counselors, and Social Workers from government facilities and nongovernment organizations are attending training on the assessment and management of priority mental disorders through the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Program- mhGAP. The three day training from 21 to 23 November is being organized by the Directorate General of Health Services, in collaboration with the National Institute of Mental Health and supported by the World Health Organization was essential for emergency crisis management. But it is now important to know the prevalence of mental health types among the Rohigya people living in the camps.

Mental Health Status among Rohingya Refugees in BangladeshProfessor Dr. Asoke Kumar Saha, Chairman, Department of PsychologyJagannath Univeristy, Dhaka

gbK_v 15

Within the present humanitarian crisis, there is an immense and urgent need to provide mental health and psychosocial support for the host and Rohingya refugee communities (http://www.searo.who.int/bangladesh/mhealth/en/) in Bangladesh in a systematic manner. Strengthening mental health service provision is an essential part of the emergency response. By training primary health care workers in the assessment and management of priority mental disorders, the majority of mental health conditions can be treated in non-specialized health settings. The present training covers depression, acute stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). But no such baseline survey on the prevalence of mental health status in the Refugee camps has been conducted to make strategy and provide mental health support for them. Shelter for Ronhinga Refugee now is not only issue for Bangladesh it is now a global concern. To fight mental health problems of people living in the Rohingya camps let me give you a picture and current scenario in the camps: ‘Chronic stress’ in campsScott says MSF’s mental health program is now scaling up - adding 10 more counselors to the seven they already have and setting up more medical posts. In her experience, she says, Rohingya does not seek help citing mental health problems, but their “emotions or stress … present as a physical problem” like headaches or backaches. At the beginning of the crisis, Scott says they “received probably the most vulnerable”. “Most people, even if they’ve suffered these huge traumas, witnessing horrific things, they had to keep going just to get basic shelter, food and water and so the people presenting to us were the ones that could not manage that,” she said, adding that most people are able to recover from the trauma.For the most part, people are “having a normal response to an abnormal situation”. The concern is where acute trauma begins to affect people’s ability to function. She anticipates that in the next few months, as people start to settle in the camps, there’ll be “more of the mental conditions that are lasting”. And while these refugees have escaped the violence in Myanmar, she said the dire conditions in the camps - the World Health Organization has begun distributing cholera vaccines fearing an outbreak - give rise to a different kind of “chronic stress”. Over time, tensions and frustrations in the camps will grow, she believes. “If people start suffering from chronic stress, then tempers start flaring quickly, people get angry quickly, there’s more family violence, women is getting beaten more ... there’s more sexual violence,” she said. She says

she has probably seen the worst cases as they are the ones that make it to the hospital - people who are “just kind of lost in their own mind” and “not able to think, not able to know what to do to keep their families safe or to find food”.For her, some of the most heartbreaking have involved teenage girls with intellectual disabilities who were raped repeatedly. They’ve found the families of some, she says, but there’s an absence of shelters for people with disabilities where they’ll be protected from being abused again. For now, she’s had to keep some of these girls at the MSF hospital. “You cannot just put someone like that in a shelter, alone,” she said. For sound mental health, basic needs must be fulfilled, and then, normal everyday routines must be established, she said, stressing the need for special supported shelters and schools that will help children to adjust. The ‘resilience’ of childrenAccording to Scott, children are resilient, but also vulnerable without proper support. “They’ve witnessed a lot of horrible things. They’ve seen people killed, they’ve seen their mothers raped, they have missing relatives. We had children shot in the back while running away.” Back at the children’s space, as the playing winds down, Wayne Bleier, a child protection and psycho-social specialist at UNICEF, points out that the children are in a space where they can be just that.“I’m always heartened by the resilience I see in children and their ability to cope and to heal themselves,” he said. With support, connection to a community, specialized programs and security restored, most will be okay, he says. A stable family situation can also be crucial. For now, the host community has been welcoming, he adds. “That goes a long way for healing. They feel safe here.” But he points to the uncertainty of the future. “What worries me here is refugees are in limbo, and they’re not getting a clear message now as to what the future holds - and that wears on people.” Thus, to reduce the mental health sufferings of the Rohinga people living in Bangladesh is ours prime concern. Now all the national and international NGO’s are working in the refugee camps. This is their prime concern for crisis management. Otherwise, we may have to face difficult situations in near future. Moreover, being a Psychologist and a development worker we need to prepare a clear strategy to overcome the current situation of the Rohingas to improve their mental health condition, thus they will also do no harm to others.

E-mail: [email protected]

gbK_v16

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Jagannath University Journal of Psychology[JnUJP] Publishing Since 2011

Instruction for AuthorsCall for Papers

The Jagannath University Journal of Psychology announces here with a call for scientific articles for its next volume to be published in December, 2018. Submitting paper should be in close connection with the psychology or behavioral fields based on the empirical research, paper review, theory formation or invention.

Manuscript PreparationThe manuscript must be written following the style outline of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association shortly instructed below:The manuscript must be written in English, typed in MS Word with double space, 12-PT Times New Roman, on the A4 sheets (the paper should not exceed 5000 words all together) leaving an appropriate margin (left and top 3-cm, right and bottom 2-cm) and should be numbered from the Title page.

1. One hard copy of each manuscript along with a CD, and/or soft copy through e-mail (word version in attach file) should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief as mentioned below.

2. The first page should contain: Title, Name(s) and Affiliation of Author(s), Address of corresponding author including e-mail address and cell number.

3. The 2nd page includes: Title, Short-running head, Abstract within 200 words, and Key-words (maximum 5).4. From the 3rd Page (i) Introduction (without heading), (ii) Method, (iii) Results, (iv) Discussion and Conclusion,

Acknowledgements (if any), References, Appendix (if any), etc.5. Minimum number of Tables or Figures should be cited not repeating each other.6. Authors are requested to make necessary language corrections before submitting a manuscript to JnUJP.

References (for Journal):Sattar, A. M., Raihan, S. M., & Green, N. (2012). Visual perception of the aboriginal peoples towards environmental

degradation. Journal of Visual Sciences, 30(2), 234-241.

For Book/Chapter:Sharon, P. M., and Allaen, M. (2010). Introduction to Psychology. In Laurence, D. and Ando, Y. (Eds.). Psychology in

everyday life (pp. 30-47). University Press Limited. Dhaka.Sharon, P. M. (2010). Psychology in everyday life. University Press Limited. Dhaka.

For Short Communications:1. The length of a paper must include the text, figures and tables all together in double-space maximum 4 pages.2. The abstract should not be added, and the list of references should be as small as possible.3. Other regulations are the same as for contributions of full papers.

The manuscript should be sent to:Dr. Asoke Kumar Saha, PhDChairman (Editor-in-Chief), Department of Psychology, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.Cell: +880-1726028112. E-mail: [email protected]

Last Date of Submission (Deadline): August 31, 2018

gbK_v18

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mv`v KvM‡R †cwÝj w`‡q Zv‡K evi evi wjL‡Z n‡e|

GLb cÖkœ nj GKwU wkï †Kb GB AvK…wZ¸‡jv‡K †`‡L

†`‡L wjL‡e ev co‡e? †Kbbv G¸‡jv wkïwUi Kv‡Q

A_©nxb| Zvi Pvicv‡k N‡U hvIqv †Kvb NUbvi mv‡_ wK

Gme Aÿi¸‡jvi AvK…wZi wgj †m Lyu‡R cvq? bv| Z‡e

†Kb †m ûeû AbyKiY K‡i wjL‡e Gme Aÿi¸‡jv?

cÖK…Z A‡_,© Gme Aÿi¸‡jv Zvi Pvicv‡ki NUbv

ev e¯‘i mv‡_ †m I‡Zv‡cÖv‡Zvfv‡e RwoZ †mUv Zv‡K

eySv‡Z n‡e|

D`vniY¯îƒc, 1g `‡j AšÍM©Z ÔZÕ †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Zv‡K

ejv †h‡Z cv‡i ÔZigyRÕ Zzwg †L‡Z fv‡jvev‡mv? GB

ÔZigyRÕ K_vwU ÔZÕ w`‡q wjLv nq| ÔZÕ †jLv †kLv‡bvi

Rb¨ Zv‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i Ò‡QvÆ GKUv ej Avu‡Kv,

Zvici e‡ji gv_v †_‡K Mvwo †hfv‡e PvjvI (f~ f~ kã

K‡i) wVK †mfv‡e f~..... kã K‡i †cwÝj w`‡q GKUv

Nyiv‡bv `vM Uv‡bv| Gici ÔZÕ Gi gv_vi `vM Uv‡bv|

Gici ÔZÕ Gi gv_vi Dci GKUv j¤^v jvwV †U‡b `vI|

Z‡eB n‡q hv‡e ÔZÕ| Gfv‡e ÔZÕ AÿiwU evi evi

wjLv‡j †m Gi AvK…wZ AvZ¥¯’¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ÔZÕ w`‡q

Zvi Pvicv‡ki hZ e¯‘ i‡q‡Q ZvI wPwb‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

†hgb- ÔZÕ w`‡q ÔZvjvÕ, ÔZvjÕ, ÔZiKvwiÕ G kã¸‡jv

Zv‡K ej‡Z n‡e|

Giƒcfv‡e cÖwZwU Aÿi wkïi Pvicv‡ki eënvh© †Kvb

e¯‘wU‡K †gŠwLKfv‡e ejvi Rb¨ D”PvwiZ nq Zv Zv‡K

D`vniY w`‡q Rvbv‡Z n‡e|

Gfv‡e ÔZÕ AÿiwU wKfv‡e wjL‡Z nq Ges †Kvb †Kvb

e¯‘ ÔZÕ w`‡q D”PvwiZ nq Rvbvi ci wkï‡K ÔAÕ Ges

c‡i ÔAvÕ †jLv wkLv‡Z n‡e| G ch©v‡q G‡m Zv‡K ej‡Z

n‡e ÔZÕ Gi cv‡k GKUv j¤^v jvwV Gu‡K ÔZÕ Gi mv‡_

GUv‡K †Rvov jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ Av‡iKUv †QvU-jvwV GKUz

euvKv K‡i Avu‡Kv| Zv n‡j †hUv n‡e Zv‡K e‡j ÔAÕ|

Gevi ÔAÕ w`‡q wK wK kã nq Zv Zv‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e|

Gfv‡e ÔAÕ kãwUi ci ÔAvÕ †kLv‡Z n‡e ÔAÕ Gi cv‡k

Av‡iKwU jvwV ùvo Kwi‡q w`‡q| ÔAvÕ w`‡q nq ÔAvgÕ

hv Zv‡K ej‡Z I †`Lv‡Z n‡e| G‡Z ÔAvÕ AÿiwU Zvi

Kv‡Q A_©c~Y© n‡e| Gfv‡e evwK evsjv Aÿi¸‡jv wkï‡K

wkL‡Z mvnv‡h¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †h,

Aÿi w`‡q †h kãwU nq Zv †hb Zvi Pvicv‡ki eëüZ

e¯‘y¸‡jvi AšÍfy©³ nq, †m¸‡jv‡K †hb †m †`L‡Z, Quy‡Z,

NªvY wb‡Z ev †L‡Z cv‡i A_ev †m ‡Lj‡ZI †hb cv‡i|

Bs‡iwR Aÿi¸‡jv †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡ÎI GKB c×wZ

AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_‡g GKB iKg Aÿi¸‡jv‡K

GK GKwU `‡j AšÍfy©³ Ki‡Z n‡e| `j¸‡jv wb¤œiƒc

n‡Z cv‡it

1g `j t E, F, I, J, L, T, K

2q `j t A, H, M, N, U, Z

3q `j t C, G, O, Q

4_© `j t B, D

5g `j t V, W, X, Y

‡QvU nv‡Zi Bs‡iwR Aÿi¸‡jv‡K AvK…wZMZ wgj †i‡L

wb‡¤œi b¨vq `jfz³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

1g `j t o, a, b, d, p, q

2q `j t c, e

3q `j t f, t, I, i, j, k

4_© `j t m, n, r

5g `j t U, V, W, X, Y

eo nv‡Zi Bs‡iwR Aÿi †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ 1g `jwU‡K

hw` evQvB Kiv nq Z‡e cÖ_‡g Zv‡K ej‡Z n‡e GKUv

1 jvwV Avu‡Kv| Zvn‡j n‡e I (AvB), I-Gi mv‡_ Av‡iv

gbK_v 23

wZbUv †QvU jvwV †Rvov `vI Z‡e n‡e E, Gevi bx‡Pi

†QvU jvwVwU gy‡Q `vI Z‡e n‡e F| Avi E Gi Dc‡ii

`y‡Uv jvwV gy‡S †Kej bx‡Pi jvwVwU †i‡L w`‡j n‡e L|

Gevi I Gi gv_vq GKUv j¤^v jvwV jvMv‡j n‡e T, Avi

eo jvwVwUi mv‡_ `y‡Uv jvwV euvKv fv‡e †Rvov jvMv‡j

n‡e K| Avevi T Gi bx‡Pi gv_vwU GKUz evg w`‡K

evwK‡q w`‡q n‡e J|

†QvU nv‡Zi Bs‡iwR Aÿi¸‡jv †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ 1g `j

n‡Z AÿiwU‡K Av‡M wkLv‡Z n‡e| hv a wjL‡Z wkï‡ì

mnvqZv Ki‡e| Gici wkï †hb mn‡R g‡b ivL‡Z

cv‡i ‡mRb¨ Zv‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h Ô‡QvU ejwUi evg

w`‡K GKwU jvwV †Rvov w`‡j n‡e †QvU we/b, Wvbw`‡K

jvwVwU †Rvov jvMv‡j n‡e †QvU wW/d, evgw`‡K jvwVwU

ùvo Kwi‡q hw` Zzwg ejwU Wvbw`‡K Dc‡i AvuK Z‡e

n‡e wc/p, jvwVwU Gu‡K bx‡P GKwU cv w`‡q `vI Z‡e

Zv n‡e †QvU wKD/q wKš‘ GeviI GKB cÖkœ wkï Gme

A_©nxb AvK…wZ¸‡jv‡K †Kb wjL‡e Ges wkL‡e? Gme

AvK…wZ¸‡jv †kLv wkïi Rb¨ ZLbB mv_©K n‡e hw`

Zv‡K Rvbv‡bv nq Gme Aÿi¸‡jv w`‡q wK wK kã nq|

†hgb; E w`‡q Egg, F w`‡q Fan, I w`‡q Ice-cream, J w`‡q Jug, L w`‡q Lego, T w`‡q Tea Ges K w`‡q nq

King, G me kã¸‡jvi mv‡_ †m cÖwZw`bB cwiwPZ nq

†Kbbv Zvi LvIqv, †Ljbv BZ¨vw` ̂ `bw›`b Kv‡R Gm‡ei

eënvi Av‡Q|

Gfv‡e wkï hLb evsjv I Bs‡iwR me¸‡jv Aÿi GKUv

GKUv K‡i wk‡L †dj‡e ZLb Zv‡K GKev‡i me¸‡jv

¯îeY© A_ev e¨ÄbeY© A_ev Bs‡iwR eo nv‡Zi Aÿi

ev †QvU nv‡Zi Aÿi¸‡jv ej‡Z I †jL‡Z ejv †h‡Z

cv‡i| †m hw` me¸‡jv Aÿi‡K GKev‡i ej‡Z I

†jL‡Z cv‡i Z‡e †mUv Zv‡K GKUv cy‡iv KvR mgvß

Kivi Avb›` cÖ`vb Ki‡e hv Zv‡K cieZx©‡Z e„nr cwim‡i

wkÿv MÖn‡Y AvMÖnx K‡i Zzj‡e| Gfv‡eB GKwU wkïi

Aÿi Áv‡bi nv‡Z Lwo nIqv DwPZ hv Zvi Abyfe I

AwfÁZvi dj| †Kbbv ÔjvwV AuvKvÕ, Ôej AuvKvÕ, Ôf~....

K‡i Mvwo Pvjv‡bvÕ, G‡KKUv Aÿi w`‡q D”PvwiZ kã

Zv‡K †kvbv‡bv Ges Zvi Pvicv‡ki e¯‘¸‡jvi mv‡_ Zv‡K

Aÿ‡ii gva¨‡g cwiwPZ K‡i †Zvjv- G mg¯Í KvR¸‡jvi

gva¨‡g wkïi Abyfe Kievi kw³ †R‡M I‡V| cvkvcvwk

wkï GB AwfÁZvq †cuŠQv‡e †h hv wKQz Pvicv‡k NU‡Q

Zvi mewKQz‡KB Aÿ‡i iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq, hv wKQzB †m

†`L‡Q, ïb‡Q, NªvY wb‡”Q, ®úk© Ki‡Q, Lv‡”Q Ges fve‡Q

Zvi mewKQziB AvÿwiK iƒc i‡q‡Q| ZvB wkï I wkÿv

g‡bvweÁvbxiv g‡b K‡ib, wkïi AÿiwfwËK Ávb nIqv

DwPZ Zvi Abyfe I AwfÁZv‡K cÖvavb¨ †èvi gva¨‡g;

(†Kej wKQz AvK…wZ ev KvVv‡gv‡K bv ey‡S gyL¯’ Kivi

gva¨‡g bq) hv Zv‡K cieZx© Rxe‡b †hŠw³K I ev¯Íeev`x

n‡Z wkLv‡e|

gbK_v24

AvRKvj jÿ¨ Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k Ggb

A‡bK gvbyl Av‡Q hviv me©ÿY †bwZevPK K_v ej‡Q|

nq wb‡R‡K wb‡q bZzev Ab¨‡K wb‡q| Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU

welq wb‡qB Zviv Awf‡hvM K‡i, memgq nZvkve¨ÄK

wPšÍvfvebv jvjb K‡i| Gme gvbyl ïay wb‡R‡KB bq

Ab¨‡KI Zvi ̀ ‡j AšÍfy©³ Ki‡Z Pvq| GiKg †bwZevPK

wPšÍvavivi AwaKvixiv wb‡Ri mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi Pvicv‡ki

mevi gvbwmK kw³‡K µgk `ye©j Ki‡Z _v‡K| A‡bK

eo cvwbi U¨vs‡K hw` myB cwigvb GKwU wQ`ª _v‡K,

Z‡e GK mgq we›`y we›`y cvwb co‡Z co‡Z Zv Lvwj

n‡q hv‡e| †Zgwbfv‡e ‡bwZevPK wPšÍvfvebvI gvby‡li

BwZevPK gvbwmK kw³‡K wkw_j K‡i †d‡j Avwg cvwi

bv, Avgv‡K w`‡q wKQz n‡e bv, Avgvi mv‡_ hv N‡U‡Q

meB Lvivc,-G RvZxq K_vevZ©v hw` †Kvb e¨w³ e‡j

Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e †m †bwZevPK g‡bvfvevcbœ|

nZvkv, wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î e¨_© nIqv, A_©‰bwZK mgm¨v,

kvixwiK Ac~Y©Zv A‡bK wKQz †_‡KB gvby‡li g‡b

†bwZevPK aviYv Avm‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e †mB fvebv‡K

hw` cÖkªq †`qv nq, Zvn‡jB †mUv gvbwmK ¯^v‡¯’ï Rb¨

ÿwZKi| Ggb fvebv Avm‡ZB cv‡i| wKš‘ fvebv‡K

mwi‡q GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| †`Lyb †Zv wb‡Pi NUbv¸‡jv

Avcbvi Rxe‡b NU‡Q wK?

• Avcbvi eÜy evÜe, AvZœxq-¯^Rb, ïfvKv•Lx

µ‡gB wK K‡g hv‡”Q?

• Avcwb me©`vB Awf‡hvM K‡ib, Ggb cÖkœ DV‡Q

wK?

• wewfbœ Abyôv‡b Av‡Mi Zzjbvq Avcbv‡K Kg

wbgš¿Y K‡i wK?

hw` Dc‡ii cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi nu¨v nq Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e

†h, mevB Avcbv‡K Gwo‡q Pj‡Z †Póv Ki‡Q| Avcbvi

†bwZevPK g‡bvfv‡ei Rb¨ GgbwU n‡j Zv mwZ¨B

`ytLRbK| †bwZevPK gvbyl‡K †KDB cQ›` K‡i bv|

mevB Avkvi evYx ïb‡Z Pvq| Avkvq euv‡P cÖvY| Rxe‡b

hw` AvkvB bv _vK‡Zv Zvn‡j Rxeb GK¯’v‡b ¯’wei n‡q

†h‡Zv| GRb¨ BwZevPK wPšÍvavivi gvbyl‡K mevB cQ›`

K‡i| mvg‡b GwM‡q Pjvq Ges wec‡` c_ †`Lv‡bvi

PvweKvwV _v‡K Zvi Kv‡Q| A‡b‡KB nqZ ej‡Z cv‡ib

Avgvi Rxe‡b GZ Lvivc wKQz N‡U‡Q †h, Avgvi c‡ÿ

BwZevPK wKQz wPšÍv Kiv Am¤¢e| †m‡ÿ‡Î ejv hvq mevi

Rxe‡bB Ggb A‡bK NUbv N‡U _v‡K| Møv‡m A‡a©K cvwb

fiv _vK‡j, Zv‡K A‡a©K Lvwj wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv bv K‡i

fiv wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiæb|

gvby‡li B”Qvkw³ Øviv meB m¤¢e| ïay cÖ‡qvRb ̀ „wófw½i

cwieZ©b Avbv| Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv †bwZevPK aiYv

†cvlb Kwi ev KiwQ, BwZevPK nIqvi Rb¨ wb‡¤œv³

wKQz c`‡ÿc AbymiY Ki‡Z cvwi hv m~Pbvwe›`y wn‡m‡e

we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| AvkvKwi GB c`‡ÿç‡jv †g‡b

Pj‡Z cvi‡j wKQzUv n‡jI †bwZevPK g‡bvfve n«vm

cv‡e|

cÖ_gZ, hv Av‡Q Zv wb‡q nZvkv Ges hv †bB Zvi Rb¨

Avc‡mvm eÜ Kiv,

wØZxqZ, KvR ïiæ Kivi c~‡e©B djvdj wba©viY Kiv

Z¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e,

Z…ZxqZ, j‡ÿ¨ †cŠQv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î ev¯Íem¤§Z c×wZ MÖnY

Ki‡Z n‡e,

PZz_©Z, wb‡Ri mxgve×Zv I AcviMZv‡K ‡g‡b †bqvi

Rb¨ gvbwmK fv‡e cÖ¯‘yZ _vKv| me©‡k‡l ejv hvq †h,

mdj nIqvi Rb¨ cÖwZwU KvR‡K K‡qKwU As‡k fvM

K‡i µgvš^‡q †QvU †_‡K eo Gfv‡e G‡Mv‡Z n‡e|

GKav‡c eo mvdj¨ A‡bK mgqB cvIqv hvq bv| wKš‘

†QvU †QvU jÿ¨ c~iY A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB m¤¢e nq| hvi

djkÖæwZ‡Z GKw`‡K †hgb AvZœwek¦vm ev‡o, Ab¨w`‡K

K‡g nZvkv| Gfv‡eB †bwZevPK wPšÍvaviv‡K ax‡i ax‡i

BwZevPK wPšÍv avivq ‡bqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

BwZevPK ebvg †bwZevPK gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨

iv‡RKv †di‡`Šm Zvwb, mnKvix Aa¨vcK

gbK_v 25

gvbwmK †ivM m¤ú‡K© †ivMx I Zvi cwievi‡K m‡PZb

Kiv ev Gi jÿb I wPwKrmvi mv‡_ cwiwPwZ Kiv‡bvUv

g‡bvwPwKrm‡Ki Rb¨ gv‡S gv‡S †ek `y:¯‹i n‡q hvq|

KviY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq G wel‡q gvby‡li AÁZv ev

g‡bvwPwKrm‡Ki mnR fvlvq ej‡Z cvivi AÿgZv|

Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g †_‡KB ZvB iƒcK ev Dcgv w`‡q

M‡íi Q‡j wPwKrmv c×wZi eënvi ïiæ nq| GwiKmb

(1935, 1944) I Kc (1971, 1972) gvbwmK †iv‡Mi

wPwKrmvq Dcgvi eënv‡i e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡Lb|

gvbwmK †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq Metaphor eënvi Kiv nq

g~jZ Mí ev iƒc‡Ki gva¨‡g †Kvb welq †K wfbœfv‡e

†`Lv ev `„wófw½ cwieZ©‡b BwZevPK fzwgKv ivLv| GUv

gvby‡li ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi AwfÁZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q

RwUj welq eySvi GKwU c_ ̂ Zwi K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î Aek¨B

e¨w³i ag©, RvZ ev ms¯‹…wZ †K gv_vq †i‡L Metaphor eënvi KivUv evÂbxq|

Metaphor eënvi KivUv mnR n‡jI msÁv †`qvUv

mnR bq| Metaphor eënvi G AšÍwbwn©Z ZvwË¡K welq

_vK‡jI Zv ag©, RvZ ev ms¯‹…wZ †f‡` wfbœ n‡q †h‡Z

cv‡i| Avevi, Dcgvi cÖKvk fw½ hv‡Z g~j wel‡qi

mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© nq †mw`‡KI †Lqvj ivLv ìKvi| †hgb

Avgv‡ì wµ‡KUviiv Lye mvnmx GUv ejvi †P‡q Avgv‡ì

wµ‡KUviiv ev‡Ni ev”Pv ejv nq| G‡Z †hgb AvÿwiK

A_© cÖKvk cvq †Zgwb Kvwe¨K †mŠ›`h©¨ eRvq _v‡K|

gvbwmK †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq g‡bvweÁvbx‡ì A‡bK †ekx

m„Rbkxj n‡Z nq| g‡bv‡ivM wPwKrmivq Dcgv eënvi

m„RbkxjZviB GKwU Dcvq ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| gvbwmK

†iv‡Mi jÿb I wPwKrmv Lye mnR‡eva¨ bq| d‡j †ivMx

ev Zvi cwievi‡K G wel‡q avibv ev cwiwPwZ NUv‡Z

g‡bvwPwKrm ev g‡bvweÁvbx‡ì †ek †eM †c‡Z nq|

G †ÿ‡Î Metaphor ev Dcgv w`‡q M‡íi Q‡j †iv‡Mi

jÿb¸‡jv I wPwKrmv eë¯’v DÌvcb Ki‡j Zv eyS‡Z

mnR n‡Z cv‡i| GKwU †Km w`‡q Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvK|

ivbx (QÙbvg) 18 eQi eqmx Mv‡g©ÝKgx©, 2013 mv‡j

N‡U hvIqv ivbv cøvRv aŸ‡mi fqven ̀ ~N©Ubvi wkKvi †m|

kvixwiK AvNvZ¸‡jv †m‡i DV‡jI gvbwmK hš¿Yv †_‡K

gyw³ †g‡jwb Zvi| GL‡bv `yt¯^‡cœ †mme `„k¨ †`‡L f‡q

mvivivZ †R‡M _v‡K| gv‡S gv‡S g‡b nq †mB w`‡bi

gZ me †f‡½ co‡Q Avi †m AvU‡K †M‡Q aŸsm ¯‘~‡ci

wb‡P| Zxeª fq, AvZsK, nZvkvq w`b Kv‡U Zvi| g‡b

nq †h †Kvb mg‡q NU‡e Avev‡iv ‡mB GKB NUbv| d‡j,

Gwo‡q P‡j mvfv‡ii †mB iv¯Ív, †Uwjwfkb ev cwÎKvq

aŸsm ¯‘~c ev jv‡ki Qwe, GgbwK †KD ivbv cøvRv wb‡q

K_v ej‡jI ivbxi g‡a¨ A¯^w¯Í ïiæ n‡q hvq| GLb †m

g‡bvwPwKrm‡Ki Kv‡Q G‡m‡Q Zvi Zxeª fq I AvZsK

†_‡K gyw³i c_ LyuR‡Z| DSM Abymv‡i GwU Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Gi jÿb hv wek¦

Ry‡o GKwU cÖPwjZ †iv‡Mi bvg| G †iv‡M cÖPwjZ wKQz

jÿb †hgb: cyb:AwfÁZv ev Reexperiencing, AwZ

mZ©KZv ev Hypervigilence, wb‡R‡K mwi‡q ivLv ev

Avoiding, Abyf~wZ k~Y¨ nIqv ev Numbness hv mn‡R

Metaphor w`‡q e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|

cybtAwfÁZv ev Reexperiencing: aiv hvK, GKwU

†Ljvi P¨v‡b‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wµ‡KU †Ljvi Py¤^K Ask

‡`Lv‡bv n‡”Q| wKš‘y GLv‡b ïaygvÎ evsjv‡`‡ki wµ‡KU

†Ljvi f~j AvDU n‡jB evievi †`Lv‡bv n‡”Q| †Kvb

Pvi/Qq ev fvj w`K †`Lv‡bv n‡”Q bv| wµ‡KU f³

wn‡m‡e Zv †`‡L ‡gRvR Lvivc n‡q hvevi K_v| wVK

GKBfv‡e PTSD †Z AvµvšÍ e¨w³i g‡a¨ me©`v Av‡Mi

N‡U hvIqv AvNvZg~jK NUbvi Highlights Pj‡Z _v‡K

†hLv‡b ïaygvÎ K‡ói ev AvZs‡Ki NUbv¸‡jv evi evi

†Pv‡Li mvg‡b †f‡m D‡V hv †bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv ˆZwi

K‡i| Avevi, Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq AvNvZ g~jK NUbv¸‡jv

Face book-G †`qv GKwU Qwei gZ †`Lvq †hLv‡b fz‡j

mgq D‡jøL (Time tag) Kiv nqwb| d‡j Av‡Mi N‡U

hvIqv fqvbK `„k¨¸‡jv‡K eZ©gv‡bi e‡j g‡b K‡i Avi

Zxeª fv‡e AvZswKZ n‡q c‡o|

AwZ mZ©KZv ev Hypervigilence: †`‡ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

e¨w³‡ì Av‡k cv‡k AwZ mZK© Ae¯’vq †`niÿx

†`Lv hvq hv‡Z †mB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³wUi mv‡_ ‡Kvb

g‡bvwPwKrmvq Metaphor: mn‡R eySv Avi eySv‡bvi Dcvq

mvbwR`v Lvb, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, g‡bvweÁvb wefvM, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq

gbK_v26

AbvKvw•LZ NUbv NUv‡Z bv cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î AvµvšÍ

e¨w³ivI †`niÿx‡ì gZ me©ÿb wb‡R‡K cvnviv w`‡Z

_v‡K †hb GKUz AmZK© n‡j Avev‡iv NU‡e †mB NUbv|

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†gRvR, g‡bv‡hv‡Mi Afve BZ¨vw`|

wb‡R‡K mwi‡q ivLv ev Avoiding: AvNvZg~jK

NUbv¸‡jv e¨vw³i gv_vq GKwU ivevi e¨vÛ Gi gZB

†eu‡P _v‡K| K‡ói ¯§„wZ¸‡jv‡K hZB `~‡i mwi‡q w`‡Z

Pvq Zv ivevi e¨v‡Ûi gZ ZZ †ewk †Rv‡i e¨v_v †`q|

Gi gv‡b, AvNvZg~jK NUbvi ¯’vb, m¤úwK©Z e¨w³

Ab~f~wZ ev Av‡jvPbv †_‡K wb‡R‡K `~‡i mwi‡q ivL‡j

Kó evo‡e ‰e Kg‡e bv|

Ab~f~wZ k~Y¨ nIqv ev Numbness: Zxeª AvNv‡Zi wkKvi

e¨w³ A‡bK mgq Abyf~wZnxb n‡q c‡o| welqUv A‡bKUv

†Kv‡Ki †evZ‡j AvU‡K cov eyèy‡ì gZ| †evZ‡j wQwc

Ly‡j w`‡j †fZ‡ii cvbxq Qz‡U †ewo‡q Av‡m, †Zgwb

gvbwmK mnvqZv †c‡j g‡bi eÜ wQwcUv Ly‡j Zxeªfv‡e

Abyf~wZ¸‡jv †ei n‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i|

Gfv‡e wPwKrmvi cÖwZwU av‡c Dcgvi eënvi †ivMx‡K

†hgb wPwKrmv cÖwµqv‡Z AvMÖnx K‡i ‡Zv‡j †Zgwb

wPwKrmv cÖwµqv‡K gm„©Y I MwZkxj K‡i|

References:Blenkiron: P(2010); Stories and Analogies in

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Witztum. E. Van. D, H & Friedman. B (1988); The Use of Metaphors in Psychotherapy

gbK_v 27

mšÍvb‡K wVK c‡_ M‡o Zzj‡Qb †Zv?

iv‡ngv iwng ¯^Y©v, cÖfvlK, g‡bvweÁvb wefvM, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq

ÒAvcbvi wK gv‡S gv‡S g‡b nq bv †h Avcbvi nv‡Z

hw` GKwU wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvj _vK‡Zv Zvn‡j Avcwb nq‡Zv

Avcbvi mšÍv‡bi Awbqwš¿Z AvPib¸‡jv‡K wbqš¿b Ki‡Z

cvi‡Zb?Ó

GKwU mšÍvb c„w_ex‡Z AvMg‡bi ci †_‡K †h‡Kvb

`¤úwZi Rxe‡b we¯Íi cwieZ©b NU‡Z ïiæ K‡i,

Mf©avi‡bi ci †_‡KB wcZvgvZv ¯^cœ eyb‡Z ïiæ K‡ib

wKfv‡e mšÍvb‡K M‡o Zzj‡eb †h n‡e Zv‡ì fwel¨‡Zi

DËim~ix| KviY R‡b¥i ci †_‡K GKwU wkïi Rxe‡bi

cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i kvixwiK e„w×i cvkvcvwk gvbwmK weKvk

I NU‡Z _v‡K| Avi ZvB ïaygvÎ kvixwiK weKvkB bq

wcZvgvZv‡K Zvi mšÍv‡bi gvbwmKfv‡e †e‡o DVv wb‡qI

m‡Pó _vK‡Z nq|

mšÍvb jvjb cvjb GKw`‡K †hgb Avb‡›ì, Ab¨w`‡K

†ek P¨v‡jwÄs| KviY cÖwZwU wkïB wfbœ Ges Zv‡ì

Pvwn`v¸‡jv µgvMZ cwiewZ©Z n‡Z _v‡K| A‡bK mgq

†`Lv hvq †h, m¤ú~Y© wfbœ cwi‡e‡k eo nIqv m‡Ë¡I wKQz

wKQz wkïi g‡a¨ AvPiYMZ ev e¨w³‡Z¡ wgj cvIqv hvq|

Avevi Ab¨w`‡K GKB cwi‡e‡k GgbwK GKB cwiev‡i

†e‡o DVv m‡Ë¡I wKQy wkïi e¨w³‡Z¡ wfbœZv †`Lv hvq|

g‡bvweÁvbxiv g‡b K‡ib †h Gi Rb¨ wcZv gvZvi

jvjb-cvjb c×wZ Ges mšÍv‡bi Dci †m¸‡jvi cÖfve

`vqx| GKwU NUbvi gva¨‡g GB c×wZMZ wfbœZv¸‡jv

Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvK-

Ò`yB eÜz ivnvZ I wUcy (QÙbvg) GKw`b †`vKvb †_‡K

†ek wKQz PK‡jU Pzwi K‡i Av‡b| ivnvZ evwo †divi

ci Zvi evev gv hLb Rvb‡Z cv‡i, ZLb Zviv Zv‡K

wb‡q cÖPÛ wPrKvi †PuPv‡gwP K‡ib Ges GK chv©‡q Zv‡K

gviai K‡i mviv ivZ wKQz †L‡Z bv w`‡q ìRv eÜ K‡i

iv‡Lb| wKš‘ Zviv Pzwi Kiv ‡Kb AbywPZ ev wK Kvi‡b †m

Pzwi Ki‡jv †m e¨vcv‡i †Kvb w`Kwb‡`©kbv ev Av‡jvPbv

Ki‡jb bv|

Ab¨w`‡K, wUcy evwo †divi ci Zvi evev gv hLb e¨vcviwU

Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb ZLb Zviv Zv‡K ̀ yB mßv‡ni Rb¨ PK‡jU

LvIqv wb‡la Ki‡jb Ges †`vKv`vi‡K PK‡jU wdwi‡q

w`‡q Zvi Kv‡Q ÿgv PvB‡Z ej‡jb| AZtci Zviv wUcyi

mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb †h †Kb Pzwi Kiv Ab¨vq ev GKwU

fzj KvR Ges cvkvcvwk fwel¨‡Z G ai‡bi KvR Avi bv

Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡jb|Ó

Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvq GKB NUbv‡K †K›`ª K‡i ̀ yB cwievi

`yB ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv Ki‡jb| †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Zv‡ì

jvjb c×wZ‡Z wfbœZv i‡q‡Q hv Zv‡ì mšÍv‡bi †e‡o

DVvi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖfve †dj‡e| cÖ_g cwiev‡ii

evev gv‡K ejv nq KZ…©Z¡civqb evev gv, hviv memgq

KwVb wbqg ˆZix K‡i †`b wKš‘ †m¸‡jvi †cQ‡b wK

KviY ev †Kb Ki‡Z n‡e Zviv Zvi †Kvb e¨vL¨v †`b

bv| †Kvb Kvi‡b mšÍvb †m¸‡jv cvj‡b e¨_© n‡j Zviv

K‡Vvi kvw¯Í cÖ`vb K‡ib| A_©vr Zviv memgq Av‡`k

K‡ib Ges cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib †h mšÍvb memgq †mwUB cvjb

Ki‡e|

Ab¨w`‡K wØZxq cwiev‡ii evev-gv‡K ejv nq KZ©„Z¡e¨ÄK

evev-gv| hviv wbqg Kvbyb w`Kwb‡`©kbv ˆZix K‡i †`b

cvkvcvwk †m¸‡jvi wK KviY Zvi e¨vL¨v w`‡q _v‡Kb

Ges cÖZ¨vkv K‡ib †h mšÍvb †m¸‡jv cvjb Ki‡e, Z‡e

†Kvb Kvi‡Y hw` †m wbqg gvb‡Z e¨_© nq Zvn‡j Zviv

Zzjbvg~jK hZœkxj I ÿgvkxj n‡q _v‡Kb| A_©vr Zviv

Lye †ewk kvw¯Í‡K cÖvavb¨ bv w`‡q eis Zv‡K mn‡hvwMZv

Kivi ‡Póv K‡ib fyj ms‡kvab K‡i †Ìqvi Rb¨|

GQvovI Av‡iv `yB ai‡bi jvjb-cvjb c×wZ i‡q‡Q|

A‡bK mgq wKQz evev gv Av‡Qb GKUz Kg wbqgZvwš¿K,

Zviv mšÍv‡bi e¨vcv‡i †¯œnkxj _vK‡j I AmvgÄm¨fv‡e

w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡q _v‡Kb| A_©¨vr A‡bK mgq fyj

KvRMy‡jv‡KI cÖkÖq †`b| Zviv wcZv gvZvi f~wgKvi

†P‡q eÜzmyjf f~wgKvB †ewk cvjb K‡ib| G ai‡bi

evev gv A‡bK †ewk Aby‡gv`b wcÖq n‡q _v‡Kb| Zv‡ì

mšÍvb mvaviYZ cieZx©‡Z ciwbf©ikxj, wek„•Lj ev Kg

AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi wKQy evev-gv mšÍv‡bi

†gŠwjK ev Lye cÖ‡qvRbxq Pvwn`v¸‡jv Qvov Avi †Kvb

wel‡q †Lqvj K‡ib bv| G ai‡bi evev gv‡K ejv nq

gbK_v28

Am¤ú„³ evev-gv, d‡j Zv‡ì mšÍvb Kg Av‡eMx I

†Lqvjx ai‡bi nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K|

Z‡e GwU mwVKfv‡e ejv KwVb †h mšÍvb jvjb cvj‡bi

Rb¨ †Kvb c×wZwU m‡e©vrK…ó| hwÌ Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e

ejv hvq †h, KZ…©Z¡e¨ÄK c×wZ‡Z eo nIqv wkïiv

cieZx©‡Z mvgvwRKfv‡e `ÿ, AvZœ-wbf©ikxj I mdj

n‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ A‡bK mgq †`Lv hvq, Aby‡gv`b wcÖq

c×wZ‡Z eo n‡qI A‡bK mšÍvb AvZ¥wek¦vmx I fvj

djvdj Ki‡Z cv‡i Avevi KZ…©Z¡e¨ÄK c×wZ‡Z eo

nevi c‡iI †m Acivag~jK Kv‡R Rov‡Z cv‡i|

cÖkœ DV‡Z cv‡i †h Zvn‡j wKfv‡e mšÍvb‡ì mwVKfv‡e

M‡o †Zvjv hvq? G‡ÿ‡Î wbw`©ó ev GKK †Kvb Dcvq

ejv KwVb, KviY GKRb myLx, my¯’¨ I `vwqZ¡evb gvbyl

M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ A‡bK¸‡jv Dcv‡qi mgš^q NUv‡bv

ìKvi| eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK mg‡qi evev gv‡qi DwPZ

MZvbyMwZK Av‡Mi w`‡bi iÿbkxj wcZv gvZvi f~wgKvi

cwie‡Z© bgbxq, BwZevPK f~wgKv cvjb Kiv| BwZevPK

f~wgKv ej‡Z Zviv ïay mšÍvb‡ì ÔwKÕ Ges ÔwKfv‡eÕ

Ki‡Z n‡e G ai‡bi w`Kwb‡`©kbvi g‡a¨ mxgve× bv

†_‡K Ô‡KbÕ Ki‡Z n‡e †mwUi DciI ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e|

cvkvcvwk mšÍv‡bi fyj ÎywUi Rb¨ h_vh_ kvmb I Ki‡Z

n‡e A_©vr Zv‡ì w`Kwb‡`©kbv I kvmb `y‡Uvi g‡a¨

fvimvg¨ _vK‡Z n‡e|

wcZv gvZv KZ…©K cÖPwjZ wKQz fyj KvRt

•mšÍvb‡K A‡bï mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv (eÜz-evÜe, AvZœxq-¯^Rb)|

•mšÍv‡bi mv‡_ ivMvwš^Z n‡q †PuwP‡q K_v ejv|

•¸iæZ¡ bv †`qv (cÖ‡qvRbxq mg‡qI)|

• wkï‡ì Ab¨vq AvPib¸‡jv‡K cÖkÖq †`qv|

•eo‡ì gZ AvPib cÖZ¨vkv Kiv A_¨©vr Zvi eqm

Dc‡hvMx AvPib cÖZ¨vkv bv Kiv|

•fvj-g‡›ì cv_©K¨ mwVKfv‡e wba©viY bv K‡i †`qv|

•GKwU wkï wK fve‡Q Ges †Kvb GKwU AvPiY †Kb

Ki‡Q Zv †evSvi †Póv bv Kiv|

•AwZwi³ hZœkxj nIqv, d‡j †m AvZœwbf©ikxj n‡Z

cv‡i bv|

Dc‡iv³ KvR¸‡jv QvovI Av‡iv A‡bK KvR i‡q‡Q

†h¸‡jv AwffveKiv wb‡R‡ì ARv‡šÍB PP©v K‡i _v‡Kb|

d‡j mšÍvb‡ì mwVK weKvk e¨vnZ nq|

mwVK cwiPhv©i KiYxqmg~nt

•mšÍv‡bi Kv‡Q fvjevmv cÖKvk Kiv| hZ KwVb

w`bB †nvK bv †Kb cÖwZw`b Avcbvi mšÍv‡bi Kv‡Q

fvjevmvi ewnt cÖKvk NUvb| GwU g‡b Kiv wVK

bq †h Avgvi mšÍvb Rv‡b Avwg Zv‡K fvjevwm ZvB

cÖKvk Kivi ̀ iKvi †bB| mšÍvb‡K Rwo‡q aiv, ̄ úk©

Kiv ev ÿz`ª n‡jI Zvi Rb¨ Ggb wKQz Kiv hv‡Z †m

eyS‡Z cv‡i Avcwb Zv‡K fvjev‡mb|

• wkïi AvPi‡Yi AšÍwb©wnZ KviY Lyu‡R †ei Kivi †Póv

Kiv| hw` KviY Lyu‡R †ei Kiv hvq Zvn‡j mn‡RB

Zvi fyj AvPiYwU `~i Kiv hv‡e, †hgbt A‡bK mgq

†`Lv hvq wkïiv memgq Zv‡ì †QvU fvB-‡evb‡K

cÖPÛ gviai K‡i wKš‘ evev-gv †Lqvj Ki‡j †`L‡eb

†h †m nq‡Zv Zv‡ì gb‡hvM AvKl©‡bi Rb¨B G

KvRwU Ki‡Q| Kv‡RB evev-gv hw` e¨vcviwU eyS‡Z

cv‡ib Zvn‡j Zviv m‡PZb n‡eb|

•AvPi‡b memgq mvgÄm¨Zv eRvq ivLv| wkky‡K

memgq fyj Kv‡Ri Rb¨ GKBfv‡e kvw¯Í Ges

mwVK Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cyi¯‹„Z Ki‡Z n‡e| gv‡S gv‡S

fyj KvR‡K †g‡b ‡bqv ev Avevi mwVK KvR‡K AeÁv

Kiv wVK n‡e bv| G‡Z K‡i †m wVK fz‡ji cv_©K¨

eyS‡Z cvi‡e bv|

• wb‡Ri Av‡eM‡K h_vh_fv‡e cªKvk Kiæb| †h‡nZz

wcZv-gvZv‡K mšÍvb me‡P‡q ‡ewk AbyKib K‡i

†m‡n‡Zz †Kvb Kvi‡Y Zviv evev-gv‡K ivMvwš^Z n‡q

Ab¨‡K MvwjMvjvR Kiv, fvsPzi Kiv ev cÖwZ‡kva

†bqv †`L‡j cieZx©‡Z Zviv evev-gvi KvQ †_‡K

ZvB wkL‡e Ges †m¸‡jvB Kivi †Póv Ki‡e|

•mšÍv‡bi KvQ †_‡K AwZwi³ cÖZ¨vkv bv Kiv| GgbwK

†m hw` ‡Kvb Kv‡Ri Kvw•LZ j‡ÿï KvQvKvwQ I hvq

Zvn‡j Zvi †Póvi Rb¨ cÖksmv Kiv DwPr|

• wkï‡ì memgq ÔbvÕ ev ÔKiv hv‡e bvÕ G ai‡bi

wb‡`©kbv †`qv hv‡e bv KviY G‡Z K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨

H KvRwU Kivi cÖebZv †e‡o hv‡e| m¤¢e n‡j

Zv‡ì ÔnüvÕ m~PK DËi w`b| †Kvb Kvi‡b hw` KvRwU

ZvrÿwbKfv‡e K‡i bv †`qv hvq Zvn‡j cieZx©‡Z

K‡i †`qvi Avk¦vm w`b A_ev †Kb Ki‡Z cvi‡ebv

Zv eywS‡q ejyb|

gbK_v 29

•mšÍvb‡K Abyf~wZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z †kLv‡bv| mšÍvb

†Kgb Abyfe Ki‡Q Zv cÖKv‡k Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Kiæb,

D`vnvib¯îæc, Avcwb ej‡Z cv‡ib- Ò‡Zvgv‡K

nZvk jvM‡QÓ ev ÒZzwg †Kgb †eva Ki‡Qv?Ó ev

ÒZzwg wK wei³Ó? Avcwb hZ e¨¯ÍB _vKzb bv †Kb

Zvi †gRvR ev Abyf~wZi cÖwZ bRi ivLyb|

• wkïiv A‡bK mgq gb‡hvM AvK©l‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK

fzj ev AcÖ‡qvRbxq AvPib K‡i _v‡K| †m‡ÿ‡Î ïay

gvÎ †hB AvPibwU Kvw•LZ ev MÖnbxq †mwUi cÖwZ

gb‡hvM w`b Avi †hwU AcQ›`bxq †mwU Gwo‡q hvb|

•memgq GKwU iæwU‡bi g‡a¨ Pjv †kLv‡Z n‡e|

we‡kl K‡i Nyg I LvIqvi mgq †hb memgq wbw`©ó

_v‡K G‡Z K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ k„•Ljv‡eva KvR Ki‡e|

• wb‡Ri fzj ̄ ^xKvi Ki‡Z †kLv‡bv| hLb mšÍvb †`L‡e

†h evev gv wb‡R‡ì fyj n‡j Zv ¯^xKvi K‡i Ges

cieZx©‡Z †mLvb †_‡K wkÿv wb‡q cwieZ©b Av‡bb

Zvn‡j †mI ZvB wkL‡e|

•mšÍvb‡K h_vm¤¢e Zvi mgm¨¸‡jv mgvavb K‡i

‡`qvi cwie‡Z© mgm¨v mgvav‡b mvnvh¨ Kiv DwPr,

G‡Z K‡i †m AvZœwbf©ikxj n‡Z wkL‡e, †hgb- †m

†Kvb mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cwiKíbv Ki‡j evev-gv‡qi

DwPZ †m¸‡jv ïbv, ms‡kvab K‡i †`qv Ges Zv‡K

Drmvn †`qv|

•cÖwZw`b Avcbvi mšÍv‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiæb|

GK wgwb‡Ui Rb¨ n‡jI Zvi mv‡_ K_v ejyb|

ïaygvÎ fzj n‡j ev Lvivc djvdj Ki‡j Zvi mv‡_

K_v ej‡Z bv wM‡q ‰`bw›`K Rxe‡bi wewfbœ NUbvewj

Zvi mv‡_ fvMvfvwM Kiæb|

• wkï‡K ¸bMZ mgq w`b A_©vr ïaygvÎ †ewk mgq

w`‡jB nq bv †mB mv‡_ mgqwU Zvi Rb¨ Kvh©Kix

n‡Z n‡e, †hgb- Avcbvi wkïwU hLb Avcbvi Kv‡Q

wKQz cÖKvk Ki‡Z Avm‡e ZLb Avcwb wb‡Ri KvRwU

wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ _vwg‡q (GgbwK †dvb Pvjv‡bv eÜ

K‡i n‡jI) Zvi K_v gb‡hvM w`‡q ïbyb G‡Z K‡i

†m wb‡R‡K Avcbvi Rxe‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fve‡Z ïiæ

Ki‡e|

•ïaygvÎ cÖwZôvwbK wkÿv bq wkï‡K wewfbœ mvgvwRK

welq‡I wkÿv w`‡Z n‡e| ¯‹z‡ji wkÿK-wkwÿKv,

eÜzevÜe I AvZœxq¯^R‡bi mv‡_ wKfv‡e AvPib

Ki‡Z n‡e †mwUI †kLv‡Z n‡e|

cÖwZwU wkïB Avjv`v wbR¯^ wKQz êwkó¨ wb‡q Rb¥vq,

Kv‡RB Zvi wbR¯^ aib, wcZv gvZvi e¨w³Z¡ I Zv‡ì

jvjb cvjb c×wZ me wg‡j wba©viY K‡i GKwU wkï

fwel¨‡Z †Kgb gvbyl wn‡m‡e †e‡o DV‡e| Z‡e wbwðZ

K‡i ejv bv †M‡jI †gvUvgywU avibv Kiv hvq †h, evev

gv‡qi BwZevPK f~wgKv GKwU Dchy³ mšÍvb M‡o Zzj‡Z

Kvh©Kix f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|

†jLv AvnŸvb

gbK_vÕi cieZ©x msL¨vi Rb¨ evsjvq †jLv AvnŸvb Kiv

hv‡”Q, †jLv Aek¨B B-†gBj G cvVv‡Z n‡e|

†jLv cvVv‡bvi wVKvbvt


†Pqvig¨vb, g‡bvweÁvb wefvM

RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv-1100

E-mail: [email protected]

gbK_v30

1| ¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx Kx I ‡Kb ?

g‡bvweÁv‡bi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU dwjZ

kvLvi bvg ¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx| wkÿv g‡bvweÁvb,

weKvk g‡bvweÁvb, wPwKrmv g‡bvweÁvb, KwgDwbwU

ev mgvR-msN g‡bvweÁvb I dwjZ AvPiY

we‡kølY - Gme kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZmg~n cª‡qvM K‡i

wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì PvwiwÎK ¯^v¯’¨ MV‡b I Zv‡ì

†kLvi Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wkÿK I gvZv-wcZvi mv‡_

GK‡hv‡M KvR K‡i _v‡Kb ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY|

¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY †hme wel‡q cÖwkÿYcÖvß Zv

nj - g‡bvweÁvb, wkï-wK‡kvi weKvk I g‡bve¨wa,

wkÿvµg, cwievi I wkï cwiPh©v c×wZ, wkÿY ZË¡

I e¨w³‡Z¡i gZev`| Zviv djcÖm~ ¯‹zj I wkÿv`vb

m¤^‡Ü h‡_ô Ávbx Ges g‡bv‰eÁvwbK Afxÿv

cÖ‡qvM, g‡bvwkÿvMZ g~j¨vqb, Dc‡`kbv, civgk©

BZ¨vw` wel‡q AwfÁ| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Zv‡ì

†ckvMZ ˆbwZK, AvBbx I cÖkvmwbK †KvW ev

AvPiYwewa m¤ú‡K©I we‡kl cÖwkÿYcÖvß|

2| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Kx Kx wel‡q cÖwkÿYcÖvß ?

¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY g‡bvweÁvb I wkÿv m¤úwK©Z

ZvwË¡K I eënvwiK Ávb-m¤úbœ we‡klvwqZ D”PZi

wWMÖxavix| Zviv wb‡¤œv³ wel‡q Ávb I `ÿZv AR©b

K‡i _v‡Kb -

K) Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn I we‡kølY msµvšÍ

L) g~j¨vqb msµvšÍ

M) AMÖMwZ ch©‡eÿY ev wbqwgZ Z`viwK msµvšÍ

N) ÁvYv‡š^lv e„w×i Rb¨ ¯‹zje¨vcx Abykxjb msµvšÍ

O) cÖv‡Yv”QjZv I SzuwK msµvšÍ

P) civgk© I mn‡hvwMZv msµvšÍ

Q) wkÿvi cÖwZKvig~jK eë¯’v msµvšÍ

S) wkÿv`vb msµvšÍ

T) cÖwZ‡iva I cÖwZKvig~jK †mev msµvšÍ

U) we‡kl wkÿv †mev msµvšÍ

V) msKUKvjxb cÖ¯‘wZ, cÖwZwµqv I cybiæ×vi ev

KvwU‡q IVv msµvšÍ

W) cwievi-we`¨vjq-gnjøv/cvov GK‡hv‡M KvR

Kiv msµvšÍ

X) weKvk I wkÿ‡Y êwPÎ ev wfbœZv msµvšÍ

Y) M‡elYv I Kvh©µg g~j¨vqb msµvšÍ

Z) †ckvMZ ˆbwZKZv, ¯‹zj AvBb I mgvReë¯’v

ev mvgwMÖK mymse× eë¯’v msµvšÍ

3| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY †Kv_vq †Kv_vq KvR K‡ib ?

‡ewkifvM ¯‹zj g‡bvwÁvbxMY wkï-we`¨vjq †_‡K

ïiæ K‡i wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q KvR K‡i _v‡Kb|

GQvovI Zviv wb‡¤œv³ †ÿ‡Î Zv‡ì †mev cÖ`vb K‡i

_v‡Kb-

K) †Rjv, Dc‡Rjv, wefvM I †K›`ªxq ¯‹zj cÖkvmb

Kvhv©j‡q

L) ¯‹zj-wfwËK ¯^v¯’¨ †K‡›`ª I ¯’vbxq gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨

†K‡›`ª

M) cvov/gnjøv-wfwËK wèv wPwKrmvjq, AvevwmK

wK¬wbK I nvmvcvZv‡j

N) wewfbœ RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v‡Z †hgb-

AvBwmwWwWAviwe, wUGgGmGm, eªvK,

BDwb‡md, BZ¨vw`‡Z

O) wK‡kvi b¨vqwePvi Kvh©µ‡g

P) ¯^vaxb e¨w³MZ †ckvq

4| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Kx Kx KvR K‡ib ?

¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY GKRb Qv‡Îi †kLvi ÿgZv

†hgb e„w× Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †Zgwb wkÿKM‡Yi

†kLv‡bvi c×wZ‡KI DbœZ ev mg„× K‡i _v‡Kb|

Zviv wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì cÖvwZôvwbK, mvgvwRK,

AvPiYMZ I gvbwmK w`K †_‡K mdj n‡Z mvnvh¨

K‡ib| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY cwievi, wkÿK, ¯‹zj-

cwiPvjbv cl©` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úK©hy³ †ckvRxwe‡ì

mv‡_ cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv ev GK‡hv‡M KvR K‡ib

¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx

Aa¨vcK W. †gvt Kvgvj DwÏb, g‡bvweÁvb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq

gbK_v 31

hv‡Z GKwU wbivc`, ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z I mnvqK wkÿvi

cwi‡ek ‰Zix nq Ges evwo, we`¨vjq I cvov/

gnjøvi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM `„p nq| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY

mivmwi wkÿv_x©‡ì mnvqZv †`b Ges cªwZKvig~jK

eë¯’v †bb| AviI fv‡jvfv‡e wkÿv_x©‡ì hv‡Z

mvnvh¨ Kiv hvq ‡mRb¨ Zviv wkÿK, cwiev‡ii

m`m¨ Ges ¯‹zj KZ©„K wb‡qvMcÖvß Ab¨vb¨ mKj

gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ †mev cÖ`vbKvix †ckvRxwe †hgb

KvD‡Ýji, ¯‹zj mgvRKgx© cÖgy‡Li mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv

K‡ib| ZvQvov Zviv ¯‹z‡j ixwZbxwZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨

¯‹z‡ji cªkvmwbK Kg©KZ©v‡ì mv‡_ KvR K‡ib|

¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY wb‡¤œv³ welq¸‡jv‡Z mdjfv‡e

KvR Ki‡Z we`¨vjq‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡Kb-

4.1| wkÿvR©b c~‡e©i †P‡q fv‡jv Kiv‡bv

K) ‡cÖlYv evwo‡q cov‡jLvq wb‡qvwRZ ivLv

L) gb¯ÍÍvwËK I GKv‡WwgK g~j¨vqb Kiv

M) e¨w³wfwËK wkÿv`vb I cÖwZKvig~jK eë¯’v

MÖnY Kiv

N) †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿv_x© eë¯’vcbv I Zv‡ì AvPiY

wbqš¿Y Kiv

O) QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì DbœwZ ev AebwZ wbqwgZ Z`viwK

Kiv

P) wkÿv_x© I Zv‡ì †kÖwYKÿ msµvšÍ Z_¨-DcvË

msMÖn I Dnvi AšÍwb©wnZ A_© cÖKvk Kiv

4.2| BwZevPK AvPiY I gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨ Dbœqb Kiv

K) wkÿv_x©‡ì †hvMv‡hvM I mvgvwRK `ÿZv e„w× Kiv

L) wkÿv_x©‡ì Av‡eMxq I AvPiYMZ Pvwn`v

g~j¨vqb Kiv

M) GKK I `jwfwËK KvD‡Ýwjs ev Dc‡`kbv †`qv

N) mgm¨v mgvavb, ivM wbqš¿Y I Ø›Ø wbimb msµvšÍ

`ÿZv e„w× Kiv

O) mgeqmx‡ì mv‡_ BwZevPK m¤úK© I mvgvwRK

mgm¨v mgvav‡b DrmvwnZ Kiv

P) we`¨vj‡q †h mKj KwgDwbwU †mev cÖPwjZ

Av‡Q †m¸‡jvi ZvwjKv cÖYq‡b mgš^q Kiv

4.3| wewPÎ wkÿv_x©‡ì mn‡hvwMZv Kiv

K) wkÿY Pvwn`vi wfbœZv ev êwPÎ g~j¨vqb Kiv

L) wewfbœ cwi‡ek †_‡K AvMZ wkÿv_x© I Zv‡ì

cwievi‡K Dchy³ †mev cÖ`vb Kiv

M) cÖwZewÜ wkÿv_x©‡ì Rb¨ Dchy³ ¯^Zš¿ wkÿv

Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi cwiKíbv †`qv

N) cvVµg I wkÿv`vb hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Ki‡Z mvnvh¨

Kiv

O) wkÿv_x©‡ì cov‡jLvq wb‡qvwRZ ivL‡Z

I wkÿY Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Z †kwYK‡ÿi

my‡hvMmyweavw` I iæwUb mvgÄm¨c~Y© Kiv

P) wkÿv_x©‡ì AMÖMwZ wbqwgZ Z`viwK Kiv Ges

Zv gv-evev/Awffve‡Ki mgx‡c †ck Kiv

4.4| wbivc` my›ì ¯‹zj-cwi‡ek ˆZix

K) eywjs ev DZ¨³Zvmn meai‡Yi mwnsmZv ‡iva

Kiv

L) mvgvwRK-Av‡eMxq wkÿ‡Y mnvqZv †`qv

M) ¯‹zj-cwi‡ek g~j¨vqb K‡i ¯‹z‡ji mv‡_ m¤ú„³Zv

evov‡bv

N) BwZevPK k„sLjv I cybe©vmbg~jK b¨vqwePvi

ev¯Íevqb I cÖmvi Kiv

O) ¯‹zj-e¨cx BwZevPK AvPiY mnvqZv cÖmvi Kiv

P) wkÿv_x©‡ì SyuwKmg~n I ¯‹z‡ji SzuwKc~Y© cwi‡ek

ev ¯‹z‡ji `ye©j w`Kmg~n wPwýZ Kiv

Q) msKU cÖwZ‡iva ev cÖwZKv‡ii †mev cÖ`vb Kiv

4.5| cwievi we`¨vjq Askx`vwiZ¡ kw³kvjx Kiv

K) cwievi‡K Zvi mšÍvb‡ì wkÿY I gvbwmK ̄ ^v¯’¨

eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv

L) we‡kl wkÿv cÖwµqvi w`‡K PvwjZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv

M) GjvKvwfwËK †mev cÖ`vbKvix‡ì mv‡_ cÖ‡qvR‡b

cwievi‡K mshy³ Kiv

N) wkÿK I Ab¨vb¨ Kgx©‡ì mv‡_ cwievi‡K

Kvh©Kifv‡e hy³ Kiv

O) wewPÎ ms¯‹…wZ I cUf~wg eyS‡Z I †m Abyhvqx cÖwZwµqv

Ki‡Z wkÿK I Ab¨vb¨ Kgx©‡ì mvnvh¨ Kiv

5| wkÿv_x©‡ì †Kb ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxi cª‡qvRb nq?

wkï-wK‡kviiv KL‡bv KL‡bv cov‡jLv, mvgvwRK

gbK_v32

m¤úK©, `yiƒn wm×všÍ MÖnY ev wewfbœ ai‡Yi Av‡eM

†hgb- DwØMœZv, welYœZv, `ywðšÍv ev wew”QbœZv

m¤úwK©Z mgm¨vq co‡Z cv‡i| wkÿv_x©iv ¯^í

wKsev `xN©‡gqv`x †h mKj mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z

cv‡i †m welq¸‡jv eyS‡Z I ‡m¸‡jvi mgvavb

Ki‡Z ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY wkÿv_x©, cwievi, wkÿK

I mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡Kb|

¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY AZ¨šÍ `ÿ n‡q _v‡Kb Ges

Zviv ˆZix m¤ú` wn‡m‡e mKj wkï ev ZiæY‡ì

we`¨vj‡q, evwo‡Z wKsev Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î

mdjZv wbwðZ K‡i _v‡Kb|

6| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁv‡b †ckvMZ Abykxj‡bi gvcKvwVmg~n Kx?

¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY wb‡¤œv³ welq m¤ú‡K© Rv‡bb

wKbv DnvB Zv‡ì †ckvMZ gvb wba©vi‡bi

gvcKvwV wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e-

K) Kvh©Ki wb‡`©kbv ev wkÿv`vb cÖwµqvmg~n wK Zv

Rv‡bb

L) †kÖwYKÿ I ¯‹zj-cwi‡ek wK Zv †ev‡Sb

M) ¯‹zj I mswkøó Awdm ev ms¯’vi MVb I cwiPvjbv

m¤ú‡K© AeMZ

N) ¯‹zj I ¯‹z‡ji evB‡i wkÿv_x©i †hvM¨Zv weKv‡ki

Rb¨ mnvqK wkÿY-bxwZmg~n cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z

cv‡ib

O) wkÿK I Ab¨vb¨ †ckvRxwe‡ì mv‡_ wkÿv_x©i

eyw×e„wËK, Av‡eMxq, mvgvwRK I AvPiYMZ

fv‡jvg›` w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib

P) weKv‡ki mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ Pvwn`v g~j¨vqb K‡i

†mB Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Rb¨ mnvqK wkÿvg~jK

cwi‡ek ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡ib

Q) wkÿvMZ, gvbwmK I AvPiYMZ ¯^v¯’¨ GB wZb

eë¯’v‡K mgwš^Z Kivi gva¨‡g KvR Ki‡Z

cv‡ib

R) gv-evev, wkÿK I ZË¡veavbKvix‡ì m‡½

Kvh©Ki Askx`vwiZ¡ ˆZix‡Z I ms¯’vi Dbœq‡b

ga¨¯’Zv K‡i _v‡Kb

7| ̄ ‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY ‡Kvb †Kvb Rb‡Mvôx wb‡q KvR K‡ib?

`ÿZv Dbœq‡bi welqwU gv_vq †i‡L mKj eq‡mi

wkÿv_x©, Zv‡ì cwievi I Zv‡ì †mev cÖ`vbKvix

eë¯’v I ms¯’vmg~n ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbx‡ì †mevi

AvIZvf~³| wbw`©ó K‡i ej‡j wb¤œwjwLZ e¨w³iv

¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbx‡ì †mev †c‡q _v‡Kb-

K) m`¨RvZ wkï n‡Z cÖvßeq¯‹ Ggb e¨w³mKj

hv‡ì wkÿY ev AvPiY msµvšÍ mgm¨v Av‡Q

L) †Kvb `~iv‡ivM¨ ev ¸iæZi Ae¯’vi Kvi‡Y ‡hme

wkï ev wK‡kvi‡ì wkÿY ev gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨

ÿwZMÖ¯’ n‡”Q Zviv

M) ev‡j¨, ˆkk‡e ev ˆK‡kv‡iB hv‡ì gvbwmK †ivM

cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q Zviv

N) wkÿ‡Y AÿgZv I mvgvwRK mgm¨v wel‡q

mšÍvb‡ì †ivM-wbY©vqK g~j¨vq‡bi (diagnostic evaluation) Rb¨ Aby‡iva K‡i Ges evwo‡Z

I we`¨vj‡q Zv‡ì wkÿv I AvPiY mgm¨vi

mnvqZv Pvq Ggb me cwievi

O) wkÿY I weKv‡k mnvqK m¤úK© I cwi‡ek ˆZix

Ki‡Z mÿg Ggb wkÿK, gv-evev I Ab¨vb¨

gyiæweŸMY

8| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Kx ai‡Yi mgm¨vi ‡ÿ‡Î

mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib?

Kx Kx ai‡Yi mgm¨v _vK‡j ¯‹yj g‡bvweÁvbxMY

mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv K‡i _v‡Kb Zv wb¤œiƒc-

K) ¯‹z‡j ÁvbvR©b I Dc‡hvRb msµvšÍ wkÿv ev

weKvkg~jK mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î

L) wkÿY ev AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ mswkøó mvgvwRK ev

AvšÍte¨w³K mgm¨vi †ÿ‡Î

M) wbw`©ó wKQz AÿgZv ev êKj¨ hv wkÿY, AvPiY

ev Dc‡hvRb‡K evav †`q

N) ˆkke ev ˆK‡kv‡ii †h‡Kvb ¸iæZi ev `xN©¯’vqx

cwiw¯’wZ hv wkÿY ev gvbwmK ¯^v¯’¨‡K cÖfvweZ

K‡i| †hgb- e¨w³MZ ev ¯‹zj-‡Kw›`ªK msKU

A_ev ev‡j¨, ˆkk‡e ev ˆK‡kv‡i †hme gvbwmK

mgm¨v cwi`„ó n‡q‡Q

O) weiƒc mvgvwRK Ae¯’v hv we`¨vj‡q wKsev cvov/

gnjøv‡Z my¯’ ¯^vfvweK weKvk‡K ûgwKi gy‡L

†d‡j †`q †hgb- ¯‹z‡j mwnsmZv, wK‡kvi

Aciva, ˆK‡kv‡i Mf©aviY I gv`Kvmw³ mgm¨v

gbK_v 33

9| ¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY Kx c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡ib?

¯‹zj g‡bvweÁvbxMY †h c×wZ‡Z KvR K‡i _v‡Kb

Zv wb¤œiæc-

K) eyw×e„Ëxq ÿgZv, ÁvbvR©b, mvgvwRK I gvbwmK

¯^vfvweK wµqv, e¨w³Z¡ I weKvkg~jK Ae¯’vb

g~j¨vqb K‡i

L) wkÿY I AvPiY msµvšÍ mgm¨v Abyave‡bi

R‡b¨ mvÿvrKvi, ch©‡eÿY I Kv‡Ri fv‡jvg›`

g~j¨vqb c×wZ eënvi K‡i

M) AvPiY I wPwKrmvi Dbœq‡b h_vh_ I wbf©i‡hvM¨

m~PK eënvi Ki‡Q wKbv Zvi Revew`wnZv

wbwðZ K‡i

N) ‡jLvcovq e¨_©Zv, ̄ ‹z‡j mwnsmZv, †hŠb wbhv©Zb,

ˆK‡kv‡i Mf©aviY Gme wKQzi cÖ‡Kvc Kgv‡bvi

gyL¨ cÖwZ‡ivag~jK eë¯’v †bqvi cvkvcvwk h_

vh_ cÖvwZôvwbK I †kÖwYKÿ eë¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g

wkï‡ì Kj¨vY mva‡bi Kg©m~Px †bqvi gva¨‡g

O) †hme wkÿv_x©‡ì †QvULv‡Uv ev mvgwqK mgm¨vi

Kvi‡Y †jLvcov e¨vnZ nq †hgb mgeqmx‡ì

mv‡_ Lvivc m¤úK©, †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿY ev

AvPiYRwbZ mgm¨v, cwiev‡ii KviI g„Zy¨ ev

wcZvgvZvi g‡a¨ weevn-we‡”Q` nIqvi Kvi‡Y

m„ó mgm¨v, †mme wkÿv_©x‡ì mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨

†MŠY cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i

P) †hme †Q‡j‡g‡qiv cÖvK…wZK `y‡hv©M, mwnsmZv,

wbh©vZb, g„Zy¨ ev AvZ¥nZ¨v †Póvi gZ NUbvi

ga¨ w`‡q †M‡Q ev hv‡”Q Zv‡ì GB msKU

†gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i

Q) wkÿv_x©‡ì AvPiYMZ, cÖvwZôvwbK I mvgvwRK

mgm¨v wb‡q wkÿK, gv-evev I Ab¨vb¨ ̀ vwqZ¡kxj

e¨w³e‡M©i mv‡_ civgk© K‡i Ges Zv‡ì

gvbwmK †mev cÖ`vbKvix Kg©x‡ì ZË¡veavb K‡i

R) wkÿK‡ì †ckvMZ Dbœq‡b Kg©m~Px MÖnY K‡i

S) wek` I mgwš^Z †mevmg~n Kxfv‡e †`qv hvq Zvi

cwiKíbv I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i

T) †hme wkÿv_x©‡ì wewfbœ gvbwmK mgm¨v,

†hgb ADHD, wkÿ‡Y AÿgZv, `xN©¯’vqx

Amy¯’Zv, wewfbœ kvixwiK ev Rxb-NwUZ Ae¯’v

Ges gv`Kvmw³ mgm¨v Av‡Q Zv‡ì we`¨vj‡qi

KvRKg© I †kÖwYK‡ÿi welqvw` wb‡q wPwKrmK

ev Ab¨vb¨ †ckvRxwe‡ì m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i

U) wkï‡ì AvPiY I †kÖwYK‡ÿi welqvw` h_vh_

fv‡e cwigvcKvix m~PK ev gvbK ˆZixmn wkÿv

Kvh©µg g~j¨vqb Kiv

V) wkÿv_x©‡ì GKv‡WwgK K…wZZ¡ we‡køl‡Y Av`k©vwqZ

Afxÿv, KvRK‡g©i fv‡jvg›` g~j¨vqb, AvZ¥-mgxÿv

BZ¨vw` c×wZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i

W) e¨w³†Kw›`ªK wkÿv cwiKíbv g~j¨vqb Kiv

X) wkÿK I gv-evevi AvPiY ch©‡eÿY I cwigvc K‡i

Y) wkÿvg~jK/wb‡`©kbvg~jK I mvsMVwYK cwi‡ek

g~j¨vqb K‡i

10| evsjv‡`‡k ¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx

XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi g‡bvweÁvb wefv‡M 2015-

16 wkÿvel© n‡Z ¯‹zj mvB‡KvjRx wel‡q GK eQi

†gqv`x cÖ‡dkbvj Gg Gm †cÖvMÖvg Pvjy n‡q‡Q hv

evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g| me©‡gvU 34 †µwWU ev 850

b¤^‡ii ZvwË¡K I eënvwiK †Kvm©mg~n wb‡q dwjZ

GB kvLvwU D”PZi wWMÖxavix wkÿKM‡Yi mivmwi

ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi

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g‡bvweÁv‡b ¯œvZK wWMÖxavix wkÿv_©xivI GB

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Gi g‡a¨) Ges D”P-gva¨wgK I gva¨wgK ch©v‡q

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cÖv_©x‡ì 80 b¤^‡ii wjwLZ cixÿv I 20 b¤^‡ii

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cvm b¤î Avjv`vfv‡e 50% A_©vr wjwLZ cixÿvq

40 I ‡gŠwLK cixÿvq 10 ‡c‡Z n‡e| cixÿvq

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wfwË‡Z fwZ©i Rb¨ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|

B-†gBj: [email protected]†dvb: 01713456644

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Av‡MB e‡j ivwL, g‡bi iKg‡di wb‡q †Kvb M`¨ iPbv

Kiv Lye GKUv mnR KvR bv| †Kbbv GB wek¦ RMZ

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ZvB‡Zv Kwe e‡j I‡V‡Qb ÔAvb›` †jv‡K g½j Av‡jv‡K

weivR mZ¨ my›ìÕ| mZ¨ †h my›ì Zvi Dcjwäi Rb¨

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wK¤^v ÔAvgvi ey‡Ki gwa¨Lv‡b gb †hLv‡b ü`q †hLv‡bÕ

BZ¨vw` K_v¸‡jvi gva¨‡g g‡bi †h wbtm‡¼vP eënvi

Zvi cÖwZwUi D‡Ïk¨ wfbœ, A_©I Avjv`v| g‡b Kiæb

Avcwb KvD‡K ej‡jb, ÔAvR K‡qK w`b g‡bi wfZiUv

cy‡o hv‡”QÕ A_ev ÔAvR GB eq‡m G‡m Ime K_v g‡b

K‡i Kx jvfÕ wK¤^v †KI Avcbv‡K ejj Ôkã K‡iv bv

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Av‡Q GKUv Awfbœ Bw½Z †hUv‡K Avgiv m‡PZbZv

wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvwi| Z‡e m‡PZbZv ej‡j Lye

†ewk wKQz †h ejv n‡q I‡V bv G e¨vcv‡i Avgiv wbwðZ|

†Kbbv m‡PZbZv kãUv †ek †Mvj‡g‡j| Kv‡K m‡PZb

eje? gvbyl ev‡` wK †KI m‡PZb bq? ï‡bwQ Mv‡QivI

m‡PZb| RM`xk eveyi Av‡M GUv Avgv‡ì Rvbv wQj

bv| Avevi gvbyl hLb Nywg‡q _v‡K ZLb wK †m m‡PZb

_v‡K? m‡PZb hw` bvB _v‡K Zvn‡j ̄ ^cœ †`‡L Kxfv‡e?

¯^cœ hw` m‡PZbZvi gvcKvwV nq Z‡e Nywg‡q _vK‡j

†Kb Avkcv‡ki gvbyl‡ì Kg©KvÐ †evSv hvqbv A_ev

Nywg‡q _vKv gvby‡li cv‡k ̀ vuwo‡q Zv‡K Mvjg›` Kiv hvq

wbwe©‡Nœ? Gme cÖ‡kœi hyZmB DËi †`qvi Av‡M ìKvi

gb kãUvi GKUv wb‡g©vn e¨vL¨v|

Zvn‡j †mB mij K_v‡ZB †diZ hvIqv hvK gb Kx?

m‡›`n †bB gb kãUv AwZ cÖvPxb| Z‡e ZZUv bq hZUv

gb bvgK cÖZ¨‡qi c~e©eZ©x fvikvb AvZ¥v-i cwiwPwZ

Av‡Q Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q| eû cÖvPxb Kvj a‡i AvZ¥vi mv‡_

Avgv‡ì AvZ¥xq| wMÖm †`‡ki gvbyl‡ì Av‡MI cÖvPxb

wneªæiv AvZ¥v‡K wb‡R‡ì g‡Zv K‡i eënvi Ki‡Zb|

Aek¨ Zviv AvZ¥v‡K g‡b Ki‡Zb RjšÍ †Kvb GKUv

†Mvj‡Ki g‡Zv ̀ ªe¨| gvby‡li g„Zzï Av‡M N‡ii RvbvjvUv

GKUz dvuK K‡i ivL‡Zb hv‡Z K‡i †ek LvwbKUv wbwe©‡Nœ

AvZ¥vi cÖ¯’vb NU‡Z cv‡i| cÖvPxb‡ì g‡a¨ wc_v‡Mviv‡mi

aviYvUv wQj †ek A™¢zZ| †m fve‡Zv AvZ¥v ̀ ªeÜv A‡bKUv

wm‡gi A¼z‡iv˜M‡gi g‡Zvb e¨vcvi| Av‡jv †c‡j wk‡gi

exP †_‡K †hfv‡e †Qv‡Uv wkïi g‡Zv jKj‡K Pviv †e‡o

I‡V AvZ¥viI wVK †Zgwbfv‡e Rb¥ nq gvZ…M‡f©| gvbe

åƒY †_‡K Rxe‡bi GK A`g¨ wgwQj mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q

P‡j| cieZ©x mg‡q AvZ¥v wb‡q `yRb wMÖK `vk©wb‡Ki

g‡a¨ †ek ZK©vZwK© ev‡a| Gu‡ì GKRb †cø‡Uv Ab¨Rb

Gwi÷Uj| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi g‡Zv G welqUv wb‡q `yRbB

wQ‡jb †ek wmwiqvm| †cø‡Uv g‡b Ki‡Zb AvZ¥v kix‡ii

AwZwi³ GKUv wKQz hv †`n bó n‡q †M‡j cvwLi g‡Zv

LvuPv †Q‡o cvjvq| Avgv‡ì jvjb †hgb Mv‡b wj‡L‡Qb

ÔLvuPvi wfZi AwPb cvwL †Kg‡b Av‡m hvqÕ| GB AwPb

cvwLwUB †m Kv‡ji †cø‡Uvi Kv‡Q AvZ¥v| Gwi÷Uj

wKQz‡ZB †mUv gvb‡eb bv| ¸iæ wk‡kï wQj GKUv A¤¬

gayi m¤cK©| Gwi÷Uj fve‡Zb AvZ¥vi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Av‡Q

wVKB wKš‘ †mUv †`nvwZwi³ bq| kixi †kl †Zv AvZ¥vI

†kl| Kv‡RB Zvui g‡Z †`‡ni evB‡i wKQz‡ZB Zvi

PjvPj mbv³ Kiv hvq bv| Kv‡RB AvZ¥v ej‡Z hvB eywS

bv †Kb kixi †kl n‡jB AvZ¥viI cwimgvwß|

g‡bi K_v

Aa¨vcK W. wm×v_© ksKi †RvqvÏ©vi, `k©b wefvM, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq

gbK_v 35

mwZ¨ mwZ¨ AvZ¥v wb‡q †Zv †`wL Gevi AvZ¥vivg

LvuPvQvov! wbðq GZÿ‡Y MÐ‡MvjUv R‡g I‡V‡Q| Z‡e

mgq Mov‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ AvZ¥vi mv‡_ eÜb wkw_j

n‡q AvZ¥xqZv `vuov‡jv g‡bi mv‡_| †Kbbv gb kãUv

`vk©wbK‡ì Kv‡Q AvZ¥v †_‡K †ek Kv‡Qi| ÔKx †n, g‡b

g‡b Kvi Awbó Kivi dw›` AvuUQ?Õ ÑGB †h g‡b g‡b kã,

GUvB gvivZ¥K| †evSv hv‡”Q Ôg‡b g‡bÕ kãUvi mv‡_

m‡½vc‡bi GKUv †hvM Av‡Q| AwZ wbf…‡Z †jvKPÿzi

AšÍiv‡j hv N‡U †mUvB g‡b g‡b| wKš‘ †mUv †Zv Aaiv|

Avaiv gvaywi| †Zvgvi g‡bi wfZi Kx Av‡Q †mUv †K

Rvb‡e? g‡bi wfZi hv Av‡Q Zv‡Zv wKQz‡ZB Rvbvi bq|

†c‡Ui wfZi e¨v_v Ki‡Q e‡j cÖwZw`b ¯‹z‡j bv hvIqvi

†h dw›` Gu‡UwQj Avgv‡ì mykxj| cÖ_g w`‡K †mUv

ey‡S IV‡Z cvi‡Zv bv evev myej P›`ª| Zvici GKw`b

evev hLb ey‡S †djj †Q‡ji g‡bi Lei ZLb dvuwKevR

†Q‡ji mv‡q¯Ív Kivi Rb¨ ÒcvuPbÓ LvIqv‡bvi wm×všÍ

wbj| †Q‡jI ey‡S †Mj evev Zvi g‡bi Lei †R‡b

†d‡j‡Q| û, †mUvB Avmj| g‡bi Lei †R‡b †djv

m¤¢e| wKfv‡e m¤¢e? GB ÒwKÓ fve †_‡KB Rb¥ †nvj

g‡bi Lei Rvbvi me‡P‡q Kvh©Kix we`¨vi| m‡›`n †bB

GUvB gbwe`¨v-- Avgv‡ì g‡bvweÁvb|

†Q‡j ¯‹z‡j bv wM‡q mvivw`b `yózwg, Mv‡Q IVv, Gi Ii

evwo †_‡K dj Pzwi Kiv Gme KvR †_‡K evevi Abygvb

K‡i wb‡Z Kó nqwb †h Gme †bnvZ †Q‡ji PvjvwK|

gyjK_v Zvn‡j a‡i †djv †M‡Q gvby‡li Kv‡Ri wfZi

w`‡q, †mvRv K_vq AvPi‡Yi gvS w`‡q dz‡U I‡V Zvi

g‡bi Lei| GUvB gbweÁv‡bi †Z‡jmgvwZ| GRb¨B

g‡bvweÁv‡bi QvÎiv wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡qB gyL¯Í K‡i

†d‡j g‡bvweÁvb †Kvb g‡bi weÁvb bq, eis GwU †nvj

GKwU AvPiY msµvšÍ weÁvb| Zvn‡j me wKQz cwi®‹vi?

bv, cwi®‹vi bv| wKQz‡ZB GZ mn‡R cwi®‹vi nevi

bv| †h AvPi‡Yi Ici fimv KiwQ‡jb g‡bvweÁv‡bi

QvÎUv †m eyS‡Z cv‡iwb †mB AvPi‡Yi wfZ‡iB Av‡Q

†ek Nvcjv| Av”Qv hw` Ggb nq †h †hŠ_ cwiev‡ii

mKj ivbœvevov K‡ib wbixn eo †eŠ| †m w`b Zvi cÖPÐ

R¡i| AwZ a~Z© †gS †eŠ †mUv ey‡S wM‡q gv_v e¨v_vi fvb

K‡i ï‡q _vK‡jb mvivw`b hv‡Z ivbœvi Sv‡gjv †_‡K

evuPv hvq| mwZ¨ mwZ¨ gv_v e¨v_v wKfv‡e eyS‡eb? G‡Zv

Avi R¡i bq †h PU K‡i _v‡g©vwgUviUv w`‡q R¡iUv †g‡c

†djv hv‡e| Zvn‡j Dcvq Kx? AvPi‡Yi †mB †cQ‡bi

Lei †bqvi Rb¨ `k©b co–qv †Qv‡Uv †eŠ Gi †Q‡j

e‡j †djj R¨vVxgv-i G PvjvwK Avwg a‡i †d‡jwQ|

g‡bv`k©‡b c‡owQ AvPi‡Yi †cQ‡bi Lei †bIqvi Rb¨

gb`vk©wb‡Kiv Gi mv‡_ Av‡iv wKQz welq †hvM K‡ib

†hUv‡K Zviv †gUvwdwRK¨vj we‡qwfqvi e‡j g‡b K‡ib|

Kv‡RB g‡bvweÁv‡bi I gb `k©‡bi wfZi GKUz cv_©K¨

Av‡Q| R¨vVxgvi GB PvjvwK eyS‡Z n‡j Zvui AvPi‡Yi

c~e©vci NUbv, Zvui PwiÎ, D™¢zZ cwiw¯’‡Z AZx‡Zi †iKW©

BZ¨vwÌ mgvb fv‡e we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e|

wKš‘ Zvi c‡iI K_v †_‡K hv‡e| GKUv gvby‡li AZxZ

AvPi‡Yi †iKW© Lvivc e‡j wK †m AvR fvj n‡Z cv‡i

bv? A_ev AZxZ me mgq fvj wQj e‡jB †h mvg‡bi

me w`‡bI †cQ‡bi g‡Zv n‡e, G M¨vivw›U †K †`‡e?

gvbyl‡K GKUv mnR mgxKi‡Yi mij cvUvZ‡b †K

†dj‡e? Zvi gb †Zv GKUv we¯§qKi ̄ ck©nxb gnvmgy`ª|

Zvi B”Qv Amxg, Kíbv MMbPz¤^x| BZvwji GK b„cwZ‡K,

hvi Rxe‡b AcÖvwß e‡j wKQz wQj bv, g„Zÿ kh¨vq wRÁvmv

Kiv n‡qwQj, Zvi Rxe‡b Ac~Y© B”Qv wKQz †_‡K †Mj

wKbv| †m e‡jwQj, n¨vu| Avwg GKevi ivRv Ges †cvc

`yRb me‡P‡q ÿgZvai gvbyl `y‡Uv‡K GK AÆvwjKvi

Qv‡ì Ici †c‡qwQjvg| Avwg AvRI AbyZv‡c cy‡o

hvB Zvu‡ì `yRb‡K †mLvb †_‡K av°v w`‡q †d‡j bv

†Ìqvi Rb¨| †mUv Ki‡j BwZnv‡m ARxeb Avgvi bvg

†_‡K †h‡Zv| Kx wewPÎ gvbe gb, ZvB bv? g‡b Av‡Q

†cv÷ gv÷v‡ii †mB kªvšÍ we‡K‡ji Am¤¢e Abyf~wZi

K_vwU, Ônvq eyw×nxb gvbe ü`q! åvwšÍ wKQz‡ZB †Nv‡P

bv, hyw³ kv‡¯¿i weavb eû wej‡¤^ gv_vq cÖ‡ek K‡i, cÖej

cÖgvY‡KI Awek¦vm Kwiqv wg_¨v Avkv‡K `yB evû cv‡k

evuwaqv ey‡Ki wfZ‡i cÖvYc‡Y RovBqv aiv hvq, Ae‡k‡l

GKw`b mg¯Í bvwo KvwUqv ü`‡qi i³ ïwlqv †m cjvqb

K‡i, ZLb †PZbv nq Ges wØZxq åvwšÍ cv‡k cwoevi

Rb¨ wPË e¨vKzj nBqv D‡VÕ| m‡›`n †bB GUvB gvbe gb,

GUvB g‡bi K_v|

gbK_v36

¯§„wZåsk�

gvnv`x-Dj-†gv‡k©`, Gg.wdj M‡elK, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq

eva©‡Kï GKwU cÖavb weK…wZ nj ¯§„wZåsk| eva©‡K¨

ax‡i ax‡i ‡eŠw×K ÿgZv¸‡jvi AebwZ N‡U Ges

Ggb ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †h, gvby‡li mvgvwRK I †ckvMZ

KvR Kg© ÿwZMÖ¯Í nq| †mRb¨ ¯§„wZåsk‡K cÖK…Z A‡_©

gvbwmK wµqvi AebwZ ejv nq| Bs‡iwR “Dementia” k‡ãi A_© “Loss of mentality”| GB A‡_© wW‡gwÝqvi

evsjv n‡Z cv‡i gvbwmK ÿgZvi Afve ev weK…wZ|

A‡b‡KB wW‡gwÝqv‡K evsjvq ÔÔeyw× ‰eKj¨ÕÕ e‡j‡Qb|

Avevi †KD †KD “Dementia”-†K ¯§„wZ åsk e‡j‡Qb|

¯§„wZås‡ki me‡P‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ jÿY nj †Kvb wRwbm

we‡kl K‡i mv¤úªwZK NUbvejxi K_v g‡b ivL‡Z bv

cviv| ¯§„wZås‡ki †ivMx GKwU KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q e¨vNvZ

m„wó n‡j KvRwU Amgvß _vK‡j c‡i Zv fz‡j hvq Ges

c‡i Avi †kl Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| D`vniY¯îƒc- †h GB

†iv‡M AvµvšÍ‡ì †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq †h, cvwb Avb‡Z wM‡q

cvwbi Kj eÜ bv K‡i P‡j Av‡m, A_©vr Kj eÜ Ki‡Z

fz‡j hvq| wVK †Zgbfv‡e evev-gv A‡bK mgq nq‡Zv

Zvi mšÍv‡bi bvg fz‡j hvq| Avevi GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h,

Zvi †h mšÍvb Av‡Q ‡mwU fz‡j hvq Ges Zv‡ì †`‡LI

wPb‡Z cvij bv| †ivMx cwi®‹vi-cwi”QbœZv eRvq ivL‡Z

cv‡i bv, KviY †m †Mvmj Ki‡Z fz‡j hvq ev h‡_ó kvjxb

†cvkvK ci‡Z fz‡j hvq| GB †ivMx cwiwPZ cwi‡e‡kI

nvwi‡q hvq| †hgb, evRv‡i wM‡q ev KvQvKvwQ †Kv_vI

wM‡q †m Avi evwo wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| Gme †ivMxi

wePvi eyw× (judgment) ÎæwUc~Y© n‡Z cv‡i, cwiw¯’wZi

g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i bv Ges

cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GB †ivMxiv Zv‡ì ˆbwZK

gvb eR©b K‡i Ges Zv‡ì B”Qv ev Kg© cÖeYZv¸‡jv‡K

wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zviv KK©k fvlv eënvi Ki‡Z

cv‡i, cwiw¯’wZi m‡½ †egvbvb †KŠZzK K‡i, †`vKvb

†_‡K wRwbm wb‡q cqmv †`q bv Ges AcwiwPZ e¨w³wUi

Kv‡Q †cÖg wb‡e`b K‡i ev †hŠb D‡ËRK A½fw½ cÖ`k©b

K‡i| weg~Z© aviYv wb‡q KvR Kivi ÿgZv bó n‡q hvq|

Av‡e‡Mi weK…wZ Lye mvavib NUbv| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ Av‡Q

welbœZvi jÿY, Av‡e‡Mi êwPÎ¨nxbZv (flatness of affect) Ges gv‡S gv‡S AvKw¯§K Av‡e‡Mi ewntcÖKvk

NUvq| GB †ivMx‡ì fvlv eënv‡ii mgm¨v †`Lv †Ìqvi

m¤¢ebv Lye †ewk| †hgb- K_vi A_©nxbZv ev A¯úóZv

Ges cwiwPZ e¯‘mg~‡ni bvg ej‡Z bv cviv| Zviv A‡bK

mgq A½ mÂvjbg~jK KvR (motor activities) Ki‡Z

cv‡i bv| †hgb- ̀ uvZ eªvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, †cvkvK ci‡Z

cv‡i bv we`vq m¤¢vl‡Yi mgq nvZ bvov‡Z cv‡i bv|

gv‡S gv‡S weåvwšÍi DcvL¨vb †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ

KviY Abymv‡i ¯§„wZås‡ki cwiYwZ Ges Pig Ae¯’vi

cv_©K¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv Ae¯’v GKB iKg _v‡K,

Kv‡iv Ae¯’v µgkt Lviv‡ci w`‡K hvq, Avevi †KD

†KD gv‡S gv‡S fv‡jv n‡q hvq wKš‘ c‡i Avevi Av‡iv

†ewk Amy¯’ n‡q hvq| hv‡ì ¯§„wZåsk µgvebwZkxj

Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB wb‡R‡ì mgvR †_‡K ¸wU‡q wb‡Z cv‡i

(withdrawn) A_ev wbiv‡eM (Av‡eMk~b¨) n‡q †h‡Z

cv‡i| GB e¨vwawUi †kl Ae¯’vq e¨w³‡Z¡i ALÛZv

I D¾¡jZv ev mRxeZv bó n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| AvZ¥xq-

¯^R‡biv Zvi m¤ú‡K© e‡j †h, †m Avi Zvi †bB, ev †m

m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wech©¯Í| mgv‡Ri Ab¨vb¨ †jv‡Ki m‡½ Zvi

m¤úK© K‡g †h‡Z _v‡K| †kl ch©šÍ e¨w³ Zvi Pvicv‡ki

cwi‡e‡ki K_v we¯§„Z nq| eqm evovi m‡½ m‡½ GB

e¨vwai cÖv`yf©ve evo‡Z _v‡K| GKwU M‡elYvq †`Lv

†M‡Q †h, hv‡ì eqm 65 †_‡K 74 eQi Zv‡ì g‡a¨

1% GB weK…wZ‡Z AvµvšÍ, wKš‘ hv‡ì eqm 75 †_‡K

84 Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GB weK…wZ‡Z AvµvšÍ †jv‡Ki msL¨v

4%| hv‡ì eqm 85 Gi †ewk Zv‡ì g‡a¨ 10% GB

†iv‡M AvµvšÍ (George at al, 1991)|

¯§„wZås‡ki KviY- A‡bK¸‡jv e¨vwa ¯§„wZåsk ev

wW‡gwÝqv NUv‡Z cv‡i| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KZ¸‡jv e¨vwai

cwiYwZ gvivZ¥K, Avi wKQz msL¨K e¨vwa Av‡ivM¨

mv‡cÿ| e„×‡ì hv‡ì ¯§„wZåsk nq, Zv‡ì 50 fv‡Mi

KviY nj AvjRvBgv‡ii e¨vwa (Alzheimer’s disease)|

GB e¨vwai d‡j gw¯Í‡®‹i wUmy¨‡Z AcwieZ©bxq ÿwZ nq

Ges GB †iv‡Mi jÿY †`Lv †Ìqvi `k †_‡K ev‡iv

eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †ivMxi g„Zz¨ nq| ïay e„× eq‡mB bq Kg

eq‡mB GB ¯§„wZåsk N‡U _v‡K| A‡bK msµvgK

e¨vwa ¯§„wZ åsk NUv‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- Gb‡m‡djvBwUm

(Encephalitis) hvi d‡j gw¯Í‡®‹i †KvlKjvi †h †Kvb

iK‡gi cÖ`vn hv fvBivm msµg‡Yi d‡j m„wó nq| Gme

fvBivm kix‡ii †Kvb Bw›`ªq †_‡K (‡hgb mvBbvm ev

gbK_v 37

Kvb) A_ev gkvi Kvgo wKsev †Kvb ciRxex KxU Gi

Kvgo †_‡K gw¯Í‡®‹ cÖ‡ek K‡i| ¯§„wZ ås‡ki Av‡iKwU

KviY n‡Z cv‡i †gwbÄvBwUm hvi KviY nj gw¯Í‡®‹i

evB‡ii AveiYx wSjøx‡Z †ivM RxevYyi (bacterial) Avµg‡Yi d‡j m„ó cÖ`vn| GBPAvBwf (HIV) Ges GBWm (AIDS)-Gi Avµg‡YI AcwieZ©bxq

¯§„wZåsk †`Lv †`q| ¯§„wZ ås‡ki Av‡iKwU KviY nj

cviwKbm‡bi e¨vwa (Parkinson’s disease)| GB †iv‡Mi

jÿY nj gvsk †ckxi K¤úb, RoZv Ges A½ mÂvjb

m„wó Kivi AÿgZv| GB †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y ¯§„wZ åsk †`Lv

†`q| weL¨vZ gywó‡hv×v †gvnv¤§` Avjx GB †iv‡M AvµvšÍ

n‡q‡Qb| ZvQvov wcK- Gi e¨vwai (Pick’s disease) Kvi‡YI ¯§„wZåsk †`Lv †`q| GB †iv‡Mi d‡j gw¯Í‡®‹I

m¤§yLfv‡Mi ¯œvqy †Kvlmg~n aŸsl cÖvß nq|

¯§„wZåsk †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv- ¯§„wZåsk hw` cwieZ©b‡hvM¨

Kvi‡Y nq, Zvn‡j Dchy³ †gwW‡Kj wPwKrmvq †ivMwU

fv‡jv n‡q hvq Ges ¯§„wZ wd‡i Av‡m| ‡hgb, _vBi‡qW

MÖwš’i ÿiY e„w×i Kvi‡Y ¯§„wZåsk †`Lv w`‡j wPwKrmvi

gva¨‡g ni‡gv‡bi fvimvg¨ wdwi‡q Avbv hvq| wKš‘ eû

msL¨K M‡elYvi gva¨‡gI AvjRvBgv‡ii e¨vwai †Kvb

Kvh©Kix wPwKrmv Avwe®‹vi Kiv hvqwb| Z‡e wKQz wKQz

Ávbxq cÖwµqvi DbœwZ mva‡b mÿg n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz

gw¯Í®‹ m¤úwK©Z GB †ivMwU †m‡nZz †Póv Kiv n‡”Q

wKfv‡e Gi DbœwZ Kiv hvq ZvB M‡elKMY GB e¨vcv‡i

Zv‡ì M‡elYvi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb| GLb ch©šÍ

†h welqwU cvIqv †M‡Q Zv nj †UUivnvBWª GgvB‡bv

GwµwWb (Tetrahydroaminoacridine) ms‡ÿ‡c THA bvgK GK ai‡bi Ilya (hv GwmwUj‡Kvwj‡bi †f‡½

hvIqvi Rb¨ `vqx GKwU GbRvBg‡K Ae`gb K‡i)

eënvi K‡i ¯^í¯’vqx ¯§„wZi AebwZ †iva Kiv m¤¢e

n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GB &JlawU `xN© ¯’vqx ¯§„wZi Aeÿq †iv‡a

mÿg wKbv Zv wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Z‡e M‡elKiv

†Póv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb `xN©¯’vqx GKUv mgvav‡bi|

mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji M‡elYvq AvjRvBgv‡ii †ivMx‡ì ¯¿x

ni‡gvb (Estrogen) eënv‡ii ̄ §„wZ, wPšÍb I g‡bv‡hv‡Mi

DbœwZ n‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q| wKQz wKQz M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq †h,

¯¿x ni‡gvb eënv‡i gw¯Í‡®‹i †Kvl e„w×‡Z mnvqZv K‡i

Ges G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM NUv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| †mRb¨

AvjRvBgv‡ii e¨vwa‡Z AvµvšÍ e„×v gwnjv‡ì Z¡‡Ki

Dci cwÆ ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g ¯¿x ni‡gvb mieivn Kiv n‡j

Zv‡ì ¯§„wZi DbœwZ N‡U|

g‡bvmvgvwRK wPwKrmvt †gwW‡Kj wPwKrmv GL‡bv

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B-†gBj: [email protected]

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gbK_v 39

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B-†gBj: [email protected]

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