GastrointestinalTract

DiseasesBy: Andrea Bonde

EsophagealArtesia Fistulae Stenosis

causes the esophagus to end in a blind-

ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the

stomach.

an abnormal connection (fistula)

between the esophagus and the

trachea

a gradual narrowing of the tube that

carries food to the stomach. It occurs when scar tissue

builds up in the tube.

Intestinal Atresia

DiaphragmaticHernia

a defect or hole in the diaphragm that allows the abdominal contents to move

into the chest cavity

DiverticulumTypes

BladderCardiacColonic

KommerellDuodenal and Jejunal

EpiphrenicGastric

Killian-JamisonMeckels - a true congenital diverticulum, is a small bulge in the small intestine present at birth. It is a vestigial remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct (also called the vitelline duct or yolk stalk), and is

the most frequent malformation of the gastrointestinal tract Rokitansky-AschoffTraction esophageal

UrethralZenker’s

Pyloric Stenosisa condition that causes severe projectile non-bilious vomiting in the first few months of life. There is narrowing (stenosis) of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine known as the duodenum,

due to enlargement (hypertrophy) of the muscle surrounding this opening (the pylorus, meaning "gate"), which spasms when the stomach empties.

Megacolon Diseases

Hirschsprung disease Acquired Toxic

a disorder of the gut which is caused by the failure of the neural crest cells to

migrate completely during fetal development of the

intestine, eventually forming Auerbach's plexus

The affected segment of the colon fails to relax, causing

an obstruction

colonic enlargement associated with chronic constipation, but with normal ganglion cell

innervation.

an acute form of colonic distension. It is

characterized by a very dilated colon (megacolon), accompanied by abdominal distension (bloating), and

sometimes fever, abdominal pain, or shock.

dilatation and hypertrophy of the

colon

Meconium

The earliest stools of an infant. Unlike later feces,

meconium is composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends

in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo,

mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water.

It is characterized by incomplete LES

relaxation, increased LES tone, and lack of peristalsis of the

esophagus (inability of smooth muscle to move

food down the esophagus)

Achalasia

G.E.R.D.Gastroesophageal reflux

disease (GERD) is a condition in which the stomach

contents (food or liquid) leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube

from the mouth to the stomach). This action can

irritate the esophagus, causing heartburn and other

symptoms.

Normal tissue lining the esophagus -- the tube that carries food from the mouth to the

stomach -- changes to tissue that resembles the lining of the intestine. About 10%-15% of

people with chronic symptoms of GERD develop Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett Esophagus

a type of chronic stomach inflammation due to the action of the immune system against stomach tissue and its components. It causes

destruction of the stomach tissue with

progressive atrophy of the stomach.

AKAAutoimmune atrophic gastritis

Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis

Autoimmune Gastritis

Gastric Polyps

Mass of cells that form on

the inside of the

stomach making polyps.

Stomach polyps form in

response to

inflammation or other

damage to the

lining of the

stomach.

Any blockage or narrowing of the arteries feeding blood to the bowels can result in ischemic bowel disease. Possible blockages include tumors and

blood clots, while the narrowing happens through a process called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis

begins when the artery's inner wall becomes damaged. Possible culprits include smoking,

infection, diabetes and high blood pressure. The arterial wall will try to repair itself, but in the

process cholesterol builds up on the artery's inside surface. As this "plaque" becomes thicker, the

artery becomes narrower and blood flow is reduced. It is at this point that ischemic bowel

syndrome enters the picture.

Ischemic Bowel Disease

A small vascular malformation of the gut. It is a common cause of otherwise unexplained

gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia. Lesions are often multiple, and frequently involve the cecum or ascending colon, although they can occur at other places. Treatment may be with

endoscopic interventions, medication, or occasionally surgery.

Angliodysplasia

Appendicitis

a condition characterized by inflammation of the appendix. It is classified as a medical

emergency and many cases require removal of the inflamed appendix, either by laparotomy or laparoscopy. Untreated, mortality is high, mainly because of the risk of rupture leading

to peritonitis and shock.

Peritonitis

an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs. Peritonitis may be localized or

generalized, and may result from infection (often due to rupture of a hollow organ as may occur in abdominal

trauma or appendicitis) or from a non-infectious process.

Works Cited"Diverticulum." Helpful Health Tips. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <www.helpfulhealthtips.com/wp-

content/uploads/2008/05/Diverticulum-4.jpg>."Gastroesophageal reflux disease - PubMed Health." National Center for Biotechnology Information.

N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001311/>."Intestinal Atresia." UMICH MED SURGERY. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012.

<surgery.med.umich.edu/pediatric/clinical/physician_content/a-m/intestinal_atresia_images/intestinal_atresia2.jpg>.

"Medical Dictionary." Medical Dictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/>.

"Pyloric Stenosis." Pediatric Surgery. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <pedsurg.ucsf.edu/media/85927/img_main.gif>.

"Search." WebMD - Better information. Better health.. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.webmd.com>.

"Swagbucks." Swagbucks. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.swagbucks.com/?t=i&p=1&b=0&f=0&q=esophageal+artesia>.

"Wikipedia - Artesia." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&search=esophageal+stenosis&fulltext=Search>.

"achalasia." Health Hype. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <www.healthhype.com/wp-content/uploads/achalasia.jpg>.

"eHow search." eHow | How to Videos, Articles & More - Discover the expert in you. | eHow.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. <http://www.ehow.com>.