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Gas heat pumps : product overview

Engine driven heat pumpsThermally driven heat pumps

Juliette PROMELLE, GDF SUEZ, Research division

� Engine driven heat pumps

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� Principle

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The compressor is driven by a natural gas engine

Natural gas combustionRenewable

energy

ExpansionWorking fluid

Condensation

Eva

pora

tion

Heating

Compression

work

Domestic hot

water

Heat recovery from engine and exhaust gas

� Energy efficiency : importance to evaluate a seasonal efficiency

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Efficiency in stable conditions

� Depending on the model, and the application (heating temperature), the nominal efficiency can vary between around 1.2 and 1.6 NCV (without heat recovery for DHW)

� The coefficients of performance (COP or GUE) also depend on outside air temperatures� If the heat from the engine can be recovered to produce DHW for example, the efficiency

increase (in stable condition we can achieve GUE higher than 2)

1.6 kWhheat

1 kWh gas

Output 0.35

Output 4.6

Gas engine

Thermo. cycle

Air ext.Gas engine heat pump

GUENCV ~ 1.6

� Product range

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Gas engine driven heat pump� SANYO, AISIN, YANMAR, SOPRANO� Mainly Air/Air or Air/Water products�For heating and cooling

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22 kW26 kW22 kW26 kW

36 kW43 kW36 kW43 kW

45 kW53 kW45 kW53 kW

56 kW67 kW56 kW67 kW

28 kW34 kW28 kW34 kW

71 kW75 kW71 kW75 kW

127 kW254 kW127 kW254 kW

14 kW14 kW

� Installation and maintenance

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Installation� GHP must be installed oustide� Air emission systemOr water emission at low temperature must be use� Several units can be installed, with or without back up boiler

Maintenance : same as for electric heat pumps (EHP) + engine maintenance� Usually every 10 000 h

� Assets…but also difficulties

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Advantages of the GHP

� Efficiency : high, particularly when the heatrecovery can be fully used for domestic hot water

� GHP can maintain the capacity, even at low outside temperature

� GHP may contribute to a better energy mix to decrease the electric peak demand� What is becoming a more and more important problem on the European Grid� Electricity peak production is the highest CO2 producer

� Running cost : depending of the country and the energy tariff, the low electricity demand is also an advantage on the economic aspect

But also some difficulties� The investment and maintenance cost of the product are higher than EHP� The technology is not very well known and well integrated in standards

(%) H

eatin

g ca

paci

ty 100

80

60

0

-20°

-10° -5° 0° + 10°

GHP

EHP

Öutside temperature

� Applications: mainly commercial buildings

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The product range and the ability to produce heatin g/cooling for building make the product very adapted to commercial buildings

� The main market is office� But hostel, hospital, or housing with cooling needs are very inserting market because combine

heating+cooling+DHW needs→ the heat recovery can be fully used� Other market where there is opportunity : case of electricity providing problem

Estimation of around 10 000 units installed in Euro pe

� Thermally driven heat pumps

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� Principle

Several renewable sources� Solar, aero-thermal, geothermal

Several couples Working fluid/sorbent� Absorption/adsorption

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Natural gas combustionRenewable

energy

ExpansionWorking fluid

Condensation

Eva

pora

tion Building

Heat production :

Flue gas condensation

Ab- or ad-sorption

Working fluid condensation

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Compression

AdsorptionAbsorption

Thermally driven reaction

� Assets and opportunities of thermally driven heat pumps

High performances in primary energy and CO2 emissio ns

Numerous technical arguments of GHP compared to EHP :�A heat pump able to produce high temperature → 1 product for both heating and DHW with thermodynamic effect� Natural working fluid without global warming potential� Reduced surface area of sensors for ground source GHP (~2x)� Capacity stability at low temperatures� No defrosting cycle� Reliability, quietness and easy maintenance (absence of compressor due to the absorption principle)

Cost competitiveness (both at Investment level and at Operation&Maintenance level)� Stay the most important criteria particularly for individual housing

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� Present day : commercial buildings and collective dwellings

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Absorption heat pumps� ROBUR: Heat Capacity ~ 40 kW� Air/Water or Water/Water version� 30% to 40% energy saving compared to a condensing boiler� Replace an old boiler easily as they can provide not only heating, but also domestic hot water� ~ 6000 units working in Europe (june2010)

Products already available and the market is increasing.

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2 Gas Absorption Heat Pumps for collective housing in North of France.

� Tomorrow : Individual dwelling

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To prepare the market :� Laboratories test (to feed the efficiency calculation method...), field tests (demonstrations)� Work to do for testing standards (EN12309-2 has to be adapted to these new systems,...)� Integration of GHP for the European and National regulations and incentives

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MANUFACTURERS SORPTION E

VAILLANT

Type Absorption Adsorption Adsorption(Zeolite)

Adsorption(Zeolite)

Absorption

Renewable source Aerothermal Aerothermal Geothermal/solar Solar Geothermal

Priority market* Existing dwellings

Existing/New dwellings

New dwellings New dwellings Existing/New dwellings?

Maturity Prototype Prototype Field test Market launch first quarter 2010 in Germany

Prototype

* does’nt mean that the technology is not adapted to other applications

� Thank you for your attention

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