ganpati sugar industries ltd. sugars ltd., medak dist. - eia report...ganpati sugar industries...

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PREPARED BY Ganpati Sugar Industries Ltd. Molasses based Ethanol Unit along with 2 MW captive power plant [Based on TOR Letter Issued by Honourable Ministry of Environment & Forests & Climate Change Vide letter F.N.J-11011/61/2015-IA II (I) dated 26 th May, 2015] DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT for Chowtkur Village, Pulkal Mandal, Medak District, Telangana August, 2015 6-3-652 | Flat # 7-3 | Dhruvatara Apartments | Amrutha Estates | Erramanjil | Somajiguda | Hyderabad- 82 | E mail: [email protected], [email protected]|www.pioneerenvirolabs.com | PEOPLE WHO CARE FOR ENVIRONMENT | SAVE ENVIRONMENT | Accredited by ISO 9001: 2008 Certified

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PREPARED BY

Ganpati Sugar Industries Ltd.Molasses based Ethanol Unit along with 2 MW captive power plant

[Based on TOR Letter Issued by Honourable Ministry of Environment & Forests & ClimateChange Vide letter F.N.J-11011/61/2015-IA II (I) dated 26th May, 2015]

DRAFTENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

for

Chowtkur Village, Pulkal Mandal,Medak District, Telangana

August, 2015

6-3-652 | Flat # 7-3 | Dhruvatara Apartments | Amrutha Estates | Erramanjil | Somajiguda | Hyderabad- 82 |E mail: [email protected], [email protected]|www.pioneerenvirolabs.com

| PEOPLE WHO CARE FOR ENVIRONMENT | SAVE ENVIRONMENT |

Accredited byISO 9001: 2008 Certified

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report - Index1

INDEXS.NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.TOR letter issued by Honourable MinistryCompliance on TORCHAPTER – 1INTRODUCTION

1.0 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1-11.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT 1-21.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION 1-41.2.1 NATURE OF THE PROJECT 1-41.2.2 SIZE OF THE PROJECT 1-41.2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT 1-41.2.4 IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT 1-81.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 1-11

CHAPTER- 2PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.0 TYPE OF PROJECT 2-12.1 NEED FOR THE PROJECT 2-12.3 LOCATION 2-22.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING WITHIN 10 Km. RADIUS OF THE

PROJECT SITE 2-32.3.2 DETAILS OF LAND 2-42.4 SIZE / MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION 2-42.5 PROJECT COST AND ITS BREAK UP 2-52.6 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION 2-52.7 TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION 2-52.7.1 RAW MATERIAL AND ITS SOURCES 2-52.7.2 RAW MATERIAL STORAGE AND HANDLING 2-62.7.3 TRANSPORT OF RAW MATERIALS 2-62.7.4 MANUFACTURING PROCESS 2-62.7.4.1 DISTILLERY (MOLASSES BASED) 2-62.7.4.2 POWER GENERATION PROCESS (CAPTIVE POWER PLANT) 2-112.7.5 STEAM REQUIRED FOR THE DISTILLERY 2-132.7.6 ENERGY REQUIRED FOR THE DISTILLERY 2-132.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES 2-142.9 ASSESSMENT OF NEW AND UNTESTED TECHNOLOGY FOR THE

RISK OF TECHNOLOGICAL FAILURE 2-15

CHAPTER - 3DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS 3-13.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 3-13.1.1 METEOROLOGY 3-13.1.2 METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED AT SITE 3-13.1.3 AIR QUALITY 3-43.1.3.1 SAMPLING & ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES INSTRUMENTS USED

FOR SAMPLING 3-43.1.3.1 SELECTION OF SAMPLING STATIONS 3-4

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report - Index2

3.1.3.3 PARAMETERS MONITORED 3-53.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 3-93.2.1 RECONNAISSANCE 3-103.2.1.1 BACKGROUND NOISE 3-103.2.1.2 SOURCES OF NOISE 3-103.2.2 COMMUNITY NOISE 3-113.2.2.1 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE 3-113.2.3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR NOISE LEVEL OBSERVATION 3-123.2.4 NOISE LEVEL OBSERVATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA 3-123.3 WATER QUALITY IMPACTS 3-153.3.1 SURFACE WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT 3-153.3.2 GROUND WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT 3-163.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT 3-173.4.1 MINERAL RESERVES 3-263.4.2 SEISMIC EFFECT 3-263.4.3 LAND USE PATTERN 3-263.4.4 SOIL 3-293.4.5 GEOLOGICAL & HYDROGEOLOGICAL STATUS OF STUDY AREA 3-313.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 3-343.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS 3-59

CHAPTER - 4ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.0 INTRODUCTION 4 -14.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT 4 -14.1.1 IMPACT ON TPOPGRAPHY AND CLIMATE 4-24.1.1.1 IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY 4-24.1.1.2 IMPACT ON CLIMATE 4-24.1.2 PREDICTIONS OF IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT 4-24.1.3 STACK HEIGHT CALCULATION FOR 10 TPH BOILER 4-34.2 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONMENT 4-64.2.1 WATER REQUIREMENT 4-64.2.2 WASTE WATER GENERATION 4-74.2.3 IMPACT ON MANJIRA RIVER 4-84.3 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS DUE TO NOISE 4-94.3.1 PREDICTION OF IMPACT DUE TO THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY 4-94.3.2 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON COMMUNITY 4-104.3.3 PREDICTION OF IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 4-114.4 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT 4-114.5 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON VEHICULAR MOVEMENT 4-114.5.1 TRAFFIC STUDY OF THE AREA 4-124.5 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON FLORA & FAUNA, HUMAN BEING AND

AGRICULTURAL LAND 4-144.6 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 4-14

CHAPTER - 5ANALYSIS OF ALTERNETIVES

5.1 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES 5-15.2 ALTERNATIVE SITES EXAMINED FOR SETTING UP OF

DISTILLERY UNIT 5-1

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report - Index3

CHAPTER – 6ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 TECHNICAL ASPECTS 6-16.1.1 METHODOLOGIES 6-16.1.2 FREQUENCY & LOCATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING 6-16.1.3 DATA ANALYSIS 6-26.1.4 REPORTING SCHEDULE 6-26.1.5 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 6-26.1.6 DETAILED BUDGET & PROCUREMENT SCHEDULES 6-2

CHAPTER - 7ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 INTRODUCTION 7-17.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7-17.3 STORAGE TANKS 7-27.4 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM PROPOSED 7-27.5 SAFETY PROVISIONS PROPOSED 7-47.6 METHODOLOGY OF MCA ANALYSIS 7-47.7 FIRE & EXPLOSION AND TOXICITY INDEX 7-47.8 ASSESSMENT OF RISK AT M/s. GANPATI SUGAR INDUSTRIES

LIMITED 7-67.9 RISK & CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF FIRE 7-67.10 RESULT OF CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS 7-97.10.1 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARD AREAS 7-97.10.2 RELEASE SCENARIOS 7-97.10.3 SOURCE STRENGTH ESTIMATION 7-97.10.4 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS 7-107.10.5 HEAT RADIATION EFFECTS DUE TO POOL 7-107.11 FREQUENCY / PROBABILITY ESTIMATION 7-127.12 RECOMMENDATIONS 7-137.13 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7-137.13.1 DISASTERS 7-137.13.2 OBJECTIVES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 7-157.13.3 EMERGENCIES 7-167.13.3.1 GENERAL, INDUSTRIAL, EMERGENCIES 7-167.13.3.2 SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES ANTICIPATED 7-167.13.3.3 EMERGENCY ORGANISATION 7-167.13.3.4 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION 7-177.13.3.5 EMERGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES 7-177.13.3.5.1 SITE CONTROLLER 7-177.13.3.5.2 INCIDENT CONTROLLER 7-187.13.3.5.3 EMERGENCY COORDINATOR - RESCUE, FIRE FIGHTING 7-197.3.3.5.4 EMERGENCY COORDINATOR - MEDICAL, MUTUAL AID,

REHABILITATION, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION 7-197.13.3.5.5 EMERGENCY COORDINATOR - ESSENTIAL SERVICES 7-207.13.3.5.6 GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEES DURING AN

EMERGENCY 7-207.13.3.6 EMERGENCY FACILITIES 7-217.13.3.6.1 EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE 7-217.13.3.6.2 EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY 7-217.13.3.6.3 FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES 7-217.13.3.6.4 LOCATION OF WIND SOCK 7-22

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report - Index4

7.13.3.6.5 EMERGENCY MEDICAL FACILITIES 7-227.13.3.7 EMERGENCY ACTIONS 7-227.13.3.7.1 EMERGENCY WARNING 7-227.13.3.7.2 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN 7-227.13.3.7.3 EVACUATION OF PERSONNEL 7-237.13.3.7.4 ALL CLEAR SIGNAL 7-237.14 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 7-237.14.1 CONSTRUCTION & ERECTION 7-237.14.2 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE 7-237.14.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SURVEILLANCE 7-247.15 SAFETY PLAN 7-267.15.1 SAFETY ORGANISATION 7-277.15.1.1 CONSTRUCTION & ERECTION PHASE 7-277.15.1.2 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PHASE 7-277.15.1.3 SAFETY CIRCLE 7-277.15.1.4 SAFETY TRAINING 7-287.15.1.5 HEALTH AND SAFETY MONITORING PLAN 7-287.16 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7-287.17 R & R ACTION PLAN 7-29

CHAPTER - 8PROJECT BENIFITS

8.0 SOCIO- ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 8-18.1 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 8-18.2 SOCIO INFRASTRUCTURE 8-18.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL 8-18.3.1 SKILLED 8-18.3.2 SEMI-SKILLED 8-18.3.3 UNSKILLED 8-18.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC WELFARE ACTIVITIES (CSR ACTIVITIES) 8-2

CHAPTER - 9ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER - 10ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.0 INTRODUCTION 10-110.1 MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE 10-210.1.1 SITE PREPARATION 10-210.1.2 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION 10-210.1.3 NOISE 10-210.1.4 MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES 10-310.1.5 WASTE 10-310.1.6 STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL 10-310.1.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT 10-310.2 POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE 10-310.2.1 AIR EMISSION MANAGEMENT 10-310.2.1.2 ACTION PLAN TO CONTROL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AS PER NAAQS

STANDARDS 10-410.2.1.1 SECONDARY FUGITIVE EMISSION CONTROL MEASURES &

MONITORING 10-4

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report - Index5

10.2.2 WATER POLLUTION MANAGEMENT 10-510.2.2.1 PLAN TO CONTROL GROUND WATER POLLUTION 10-1710.2.3 SOLID WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL METHOD 10-1810.2.3.1 FLY ASH HANDLING 10-1810.2.4 NOISE LEVEL MANAGEMENT 10-2010.2.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT 10-2010.2.6 ODOUR CONTROL MEASURES 10-2110.2.7 MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ECOLOGY 10-2110.2.7.1 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT 10-2110.2.8 RAINWATER HARVESTING 10-2410.3 POST PROJECT MONITORING STRATEGY 10-2510.4 COST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 10-2710.5 CONSERVATION MEASURES 10-2710.5.1 MEASURES ADOPTED FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION 10-2710.5.2 MEASURES ADOPTED FOR NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION 10-28

CHAPTER - 11SUMMARY 11-1

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance1

TOR COMPLIANCECompliance made on Terms of Reference (TOR) for Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited issued by Ministry of

Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF & CC) vide letter No. F.N. J-11011 / 61 / 2015 - IA. II (I)

dated 26/05/ 2015

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.sSPECIFIC TOR1. List of existing distillery units in the study area along with theircapacity and sourcing of raw material. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-32. Number of working days of the distillery unit. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-43. Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains, their source withavailability. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-5 to 2-64. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-135. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed spent washstorage lagoon, and compost yard. Kindly refer to Chapter – 3 3-15 to 3-256. Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 KL/KL of alcoholproduced. Kindly refer to Chapter – 4Kindly refer to Chapter - 10 4.710-5 to 10-177. Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses/grain baseddistillery (spent wash, spent lees, condensate and utilities) as wellas domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluentdischarge (ZLD).

Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-5 to 10-178. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption within 10KL/KL of alcohol production. Kindly refer to Chapter – 4 4.6 to 4.79. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank, materialused, design consideration. No. of peizometers to be proposedaround spent wash holding tank. Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-5 to 10-1710. Action plan to control ground water pollution. Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-1711. Details of solid waste management including management of boiler Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-18

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance2

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.sash, yeast, etc. Details of incinerated spent wash ash generation andits disposal.12. Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable). Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-5 to 10-1713. Action plan to control odour pollution. Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-2114. Arrangements for installation of continuous online monitoringsystem (24 x 7 monitoring device) Kindly refer to Chapter – 6 6-1 to 6-2Additional TOR15. Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised and commitmentsmade by the project proponent on the same should be included inEIA / EMP Report in the form of tabular chart with financial budgetfor complying with the commitments made.

Not applicable as Public Hearing isyet to be conducted16. Authenticated map to be provided from the Forest/Wild lifeshowing that the unit is away from 10 km distance from the wildlifesanctuary. Kindly refer to Annexure – I Annexure - I17. Detailed Action plan to be provided for reduction in fresh water. Kindly refer to Chapter – 4 4.6 to 4.718. Permission to be obtained for drawing the water from the river only. Permission for drawing of waterwill be submitted in due course.Kindly refer to Annexure – II foracknowledgement copy of lettersubmitted to Irrigation Department.

Annexure - IIGENERIC TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) IN RESPECT OF INDUSTRY SECTOR19. Executive summary (maximum 2-3 sheets in A4 size paper) ofthe project covering project description, description of theenvironment, anticipated environmental impacts & its mitigationmeasures, environmental management plan, environmentalmonitoring programme, public consultation, project benefits, Socialimpacts including R&R.

Kindly refer to Chapter – 11 Chapter - 11

Site Details20. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka / Tehsil,District and State on Indian map of 1:1000000 scale Kindly refer to Chapter – 1 1-6

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance3

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.s21. A topo sheet of the study area of radius of 10 km and sitelocation on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3 / A2 sheet. Kindly refer to Chapter – 1 1-722. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-2 to 2-323. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site.24. A map showing environmental sensitivity'[land use/land cover, waterbodies, reserved forests, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, tigerreserve etc.] and from. Critically / severely polluted area(s) and Eco-sensitive Areas within 10km radius of the project site vis-a-visshortest (aerial) distance from the project. If the project is locatedwithin 10km of CPAs/severely Polluted Areas, confirm whethermoratorium has been imposed on the area.

Kindly refer to Chapter – 1 1-7

25. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unitindicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. Iflocated within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of IndustrialArea indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate,Kindly refer to Annexure – III Annexure - III

26. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. Ifexisting, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular, Kindly refer to Annexure – IV Annexure - IV27. Land use break-up of total land of the project site (identified andacquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, waterbodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrialarea)Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-4

28. A copy of the mutual agreement for land acquisition signed with landoustees. Kindly refer to Annexure – V Annexure - V29. Proposal shall be submitted to the Ministry for environment clearanceonly after acquiring at least 60% of the total land required for theproject. Necessary documents indicating acquisition of land shall beincluded.Kindly refer to Annexure – V Annexure - V

Forest and wildlife related issues:30. Permission and approval for the use of forest land(forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Not applicable as there is no Forestland is involved

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance4

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.sForest Department,31. Land use map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of theproposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involvingforest land more than 40 ha) Not applicable as there is no Forestland is involved32. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestryclearance along with latest status shall be submitted. Not applicable as there is no Forestland is involved33. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks,Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals,the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated byChief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-a-vis the projectlocation and the recommendations or comments of the Chief WildlifeWarden-thereonNot applicable as there is no Forestland is involved

34. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the ChiefWildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation ofSchedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area Only a part of the reservoir is in thebuffer zone of the project site.Crocodiles have been found in thereservoir. They are never foundanywhere near the core area. Anyspecies included in Schedule I of theIndian Wildlife (Protection) Actcannot be handled in any manner byanyone except with the permissionfrom the competent authority. Theproposed project is not going tohave any adverse impact on thereservoir. Hence conservation ofCrocodile is beyond the limits of theproject proponent. The projectproponent will ensure will take allmeasures to ensure that this projectdoes not pose any additional threatto the crocodiles of the reservoir.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance5

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.s35. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the NationalBoard for Wildlife Not applicable as there is no Forestland is involvedExpansion/modernization proposals:36. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendmentsthereto obtained for the project from MOEF / SEIAA shall beattached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest MonitoringReport of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment andForests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status ofcompliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmentalclearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition,status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing / existingoperation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMPreport.

Not applicable as proposed projectis green field

37. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance,reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification1994 and / or EIA Notification, 2006 shall be provided. Copies ofConsent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate(in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTOof FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further,compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shallbe submitted.

Not applicable as proposed projectis green field

Details of Industrial Operations38. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10Km radius) shall be incorporated. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-339. Details of proposed raw materials and products along with productioncapacity. If expansion project, details for existing unit, separately forexisting and new (proposed) unit. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-4 to 2-640. Details of manufacturing process, major equipment, and machinery. Ifexpansion project, details of the existing unit, separately for existingand new (proposed) unit. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-6 to 2-12

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance6

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.s41. List of raw materials required and its source along with mode oftransportation shall be included. All the trucks for raw materialand finished product transportation must be "EnvironmentallyCompliant".Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-5 to 2-6

42. Quantity of fuel required, its source and characteristics anddocumentary evidence to substantiate confirmed fuel linkage shall befurnished Kindly refer to Chapter – 2Kindly refer to Annexure – VI forfuel linkage 2-5 to 2-6Annexure - VI43. Project site layout plan to scale using AutoCAD showing raw materials,fly ash and other storage plans, bore well or water storage, aquifers(within 1 km) dumping, waste disposal, green areas, water bodies,rivers/drainage passing through the project site shall be included.Kindly refer to Annexure – III Annexure - III

44. Manufacturing process details of all the plants including captivepower, plant if any along with process flow chart shall be included. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-6 to 2-1245. Mass balance for the raw material and products shall be included. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-10 (Fig: 2.1)46. Energy balance data for all the components of the plant shall beincorporated. Kindly refer to Chapter – 2 2-13Environmental Status47. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shallbe included, Kindly refer to Chapter – 3 3-32 to 3-3448. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If thesite is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean seasonriver discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peakrainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the projectsite and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided.(mega green field projects)

Kindly refer to Annexure – VII Annexure - VII

49. One season site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature,relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall andAAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM, SO2, NOX, COand HC (methane & non-methane) should be collected. Themonitoring stations should take into account the pre-dominant winddirection, population zone and sensitive receptors includingKindly refer to Chapter – 3 3-2 to 3-9

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance7

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.sreserved forests.50. Surface water quality of nearby River (60m upstream anddownstream) and other surface drains at eight locations to beprovided. Kindly refer to Chapter – 3 3-15 to 3-1651. Ground water monitoring minimum at 8 locations shall be included. Kindly refer to Chapter – 3 3-16 to 3-2552. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. Kindly refer to Chapter – 3 3-9 to 3-1353. Traffic study of the area for the proposed project in respect of existingtraffic, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation ofmaterials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parkingarrangement etc.

Kindly refer to Chapter – 4 4-12 to 4-1454. Detailed description on flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existsin the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemicand endangered species. If Schedule I fauna are foundwithin the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be preparedand furnished.

Kindly refer to Chapter – 3 3-35 to 3-5955. Emissions (g/second) with and without the air pollution controlmeasures. Kindly refer to Chapter – 4 4-556. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (includingtransportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be well assessed. Detailsof the model used and the input data used for modeling shall also beprovided. The air quality contours should be plotted on a location mapshowing the Location of Project site, habitation nearby, sensitivereceptors, if any.

Kindly refer to Chapter – 4Kindly refer to Annexure – VIII forair quality contours 4.2 to 4.6Annexure - VIII57. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on thesurrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In thisregard, options for transport of raw materials and finishedproducts and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum roadtransport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be examined.

Kindly refer to Chapter – 4 4.11 to 4.1458. Details of water requirement, water balance chart for new unit or forexisting unit as well as proposed expansion"(in case of expansion). Kindly refer to Chapter – 4Kindly refer to Annexure – XII for 4.6 to 4.7Annexure – XII

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance8

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.swater balance59. Source of water supply and quantity and permission of withdrawal ofwater (surface/ground) from Competent Authority. Kindly refer to Chapter – 4Permission for drawing of waterwill be submitted in due course.Kindly refer to Annexure – II foracknowledgement copy of lettersubmitted to Irrigation Department.4.6 to 4.7Annexure - II

60. Details regarding quantity of effluents generated, recycled andreused and discharged to be provided. Methods adopted/to beadopted for the water conservation shall be included. Zero dischargeeffluent concepts to be adopted.Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-5 to 10-17

61. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations,-extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included.Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreatedand treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of dischargeunder E(P) Rules.Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-5 to 10-17

62. Action plan for control of ambient air quality parameters as perNAAQES Standards for PM10. PM2.5, SO2 and NOX, etc as per GSR826(E) dated 16th November, 2009. Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-463. An action plan to control and monitor secondary fugitive emissionsfrom all the sources as per the latest permissible limits issued by theMinistry vide G.S.R. 414(E) dated 30th May, 2008: Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-4 to 10-564. Action plan for solid/hazardous waste generation, storage, utilization,and disposal. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid waste shallalso be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization,recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, andnatural resource conservation.

Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-1865. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly AshNotification, 1999 and subsequent amendment in 2003 and 2009. Adetailed plan of action should be provided. Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-1866. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-21 to 10-24

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance9

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.swith not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width ofplantation, planning schedule etc. shall be. included. The green beltshall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening. of theroads used for the project shall also be incorporated. Allrooftops/terraces shall have some green cover67. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall besubmitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm waterdrains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the variousactivities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce thewater requirement from other sources. Rain water harvesting andgroundwater recharge structures may also be constructed outside theplant premises in consultation with local Gram Panchayat and VillageHeads to augment the ground water level. Incorporation of waterharvesting plan for the project is necessary, if source of water is borewell.

Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-24 to 10-25

68. Environment Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the adverse impactsdue to the project along with item wise cost of its implementation.Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmentalpollution control measures shall be included.Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-27

69. Details of Rehabilitation & Resettlement (R & R)-involving the project.R & R shall be as per policy of the State Govt. and a 'detailed actionplan shall be included. Kindly refer to Chapter – 7 7-2970. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall besubmitted. Kindly refer to Chapter – 6 6-1 to 6-371. Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan includingRisk Assessment and damage control needs to be addressed andincluded. Kindly refer to Chapter – 7 7-1 to 7-29

Occupational health72. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are theexposure levels of hazards and whether they are within PermissibleExposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the Not applicable as proposed projectis green field.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance10

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.scompany has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of theworkers can be preserved,73. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If theworkers health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest Xrays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision,colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same.Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentionedparameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and departmentwise.

Not applicable as proposed projectis green field.

74. Annual report of health status of workers with special reference toOccupational Health and Safety. Not applicable as proposed projectis green field.75. Action plan for the implementation of OHS standards as perOSHAS/USEPA. Kindly refer to Chapter – 7 7-23 to 7-2676. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health &. Safetyof all contract and casual workers. Kindly refer to Chapter – 7 7-23 to 7-26Corporate Environment Policy77. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policyapproved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in theEIA report Kindly refer to Annexure - IX Annexure - IX

78. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operatingprocess / procedures to bring into focus any infringement /deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIAKindly refer to Annexure - IX Annexure - IX

79. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of thecompany to deal with the environmental issues and forensuring compliance with the environmental clearanceconditions? Details of this system may be given,Kindly refer to Annexure - X Annexure - X

80. Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances /violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of thecompany and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This No such system was established. Wewill ensure that this system will beput in place by the end of this year,

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

TOR Compliance11

S.NO. TOR POINT TOR COMPLIANCE Pg. No.sreporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 201581. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel,restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during constructionas well as to the casual workers including truck drivers duringOperation phase.Kindly refer to Chapter – 10 10-2 to 10-3

82. At least 5 % of the total cost of the project shall be earmarkedtowards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearingissues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shallbe included. Socio-economic development activities need to beelaborated upon.Kindly refer to Chapter – 8 8-2

83. Any litigation pending against the project and/or anydirection/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so,details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received anynotice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 orrelevant sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof andcompliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case.No litigation is pending against theproposed project or anydirection/order passed by anyCourt of Law against the proposedproject84. The questionnaire for industry sector (available on MOEFwebsite) shall be submitted as an Annexure to the EIA-EMP Report. Will be submitted to HonourableMoEF after Public hearing

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.1

CHAPTER – 1INTRODUCTION

1.0 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

Environmental management plays a vital role in sustainable development of a country.

Recognizing its importance, the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India

had formulated policies and procedures governing the industrial and other developmental

activities to prevent indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources and to promote

integration of environmental concern in developmental projects.

The Ministry of Environment & Forest has made prior Environmental Clearance (EC) for

certain developmental projects mandatory through its notification issued on 14th September

2006 and its subsequent amendment.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is systematic process to identifying, predicting,

evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social and other relevant environmental effects

due to the proposed developmental project. It plays a vital role in providing information for

decision-making on the environmental consequences of proposed projects. It promotes

environmentally sound and sustainable development through the identification appropriate

enhancement and mitigation measures.

The proposed new distillery plant has both positive and negative impacts on the

environment. The negative impacts include environmental degradation and adverse socio

economic changes. It is the responsibility of the company to document the associated

positive and negative impacts, so that the attempts can be made to minimize the effects

due to the negative impacts and maximize the benefits due to the positive impacts. In this

regards, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan

(EMP) have been considered as the most important documentation in understanding the

environmental implications and safeguarding the environment.

i.exe

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.2

1.1 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

About the Project

GSIL was incorporated on May 24, 1994 as a Public Limited Company under the Companies

Act, 1956. The Company obtained its Certificate for Commencement of Business on June 1,

1994. The Company is having its registered head office at 20B, Abdul Hameed Street,

Kolkata. GSIL set up a sugar plant with a capacity of 2500 TCD at Faslawadi /Kulabgoor

village Madek dist and production started in 1997. Later the capacity of plant was increased

to 5000 TCD. The company has also set up a bagasse based Co-Gen power plant which was

started operations in January 2003.

Now the company has proposed to put up Molasses bas Distillery unit to manufacture RS /

ENA / Ethanol / Pharma Alcohol / Industrial Alcohols at Sy. No. 1421 A / 1421 AA / 1421 E /

1421 EE, Chowtkur village, Pulkal Mandal, Medak District in Telangana

The raw materials proposed to be used for Ethanol production will be Molasses as input for

producing Rectified Spirit / ENA/ Ethanol and Biomass/Coal (Indian/Imported) will be used

as fuels in the boiler for power generation.

As per the Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi notification, dated 14th September,

2006 and its subsequent amendment, all Molasses based Distillery plants are classified

under Category ‘A’.

In order to obtain Environmental Clearance for the proposed Distillery plant Form - 1,

proposed TOR along with Pre-Feasibility Report have been submitted to the Ministry of

Environment & Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. A presentation was made before the Expert

Appraisal Committee of MOEF on 16th March, 2015 for the approval of TOR for EIA study.

Accordingly TOR letter has been issued vide letter F. No. J-11011/61/2015- IA II (I) dated 26th

May 2015. Accordingly Draft EIA report has been prepared incorporating all the Terms of

Reference.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.3

Pioneer Enviro Laboratories & Consultants Private Limited, Hyderabad, which is accredited

by NABET, Quality Council of India for conducting EIA studies for Distillery plants, have

prepared Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for the proposed Distillery plant.

This report furnishes the details of location of Site, Description of the project, prevailing

baseline status w.r.t Air Environment, Water Environment, Noise Environment, Land

Environment, Flora & Fauna and Socio-economic environment. This report also helps in

identification of environmental impacts and suggesting mitigation measures to be followed

during Construction and Operation of the proposed as a part of Environmental Management

Plan. This report also acts as guidance manual for the proponent for following the

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and for adopting post project Environmental

Monitoring Program as per statutory norms.

Project Proponent

Ganpati Sugar Industries Ltd. has procured ample land for the proposed unit. 16.7 acres of

land is already in possession of the management. Sufficient area will be made available for

the green belt and Effluent Treatment Facilities as it plans for zero discharge. A good

network of internal as well as main approach roads would be prepared. The unit would be

designed in a versatile fashion by adopting latest CDM (Clean Development mechanism)

process techniques as well as with state-of-the art machinery. The total capital investment

would be to the tune of Rs. 57.45 Crores for proposed project. The project would be

formulated in such a fashion and manner so that the utmost care of Safety Norms &

Environment Protection shall be taken care of.

The Promoters

The proposed project of the distillery Plant would be undertaken & implemented by the

management of GSIL. The promoters are well experienced in Business, Management,

Technology and process orchestration and have made a thorough study of entire project,

planning as well as implementation schedule. The names and designations of the Promoters

are as under:

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.4

Name DesignationShri Arun Lohia ChairmanShri Arvind Lohia DirectorShri R. Pittie DirectorShri G.Goswami DirectorShri M.Barasia Director ( Finance)Shri R.Nandakumar Director ( Tech)

1.2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 NATURE OF THE PROJECT

Ganpati Sugar Industries Pvt. Ltd. has proposed to establish 30 KLPD Molasses based

Distillery plant and 2 MW Captive Power Plant at Sy. No. 1421 A / 1421 AA / 1421 E / 1421

EE, Chowtkur village, Pulkal Mandal, Medak District in Telangana. 16.7 acres of land is

already in possession of management.

The proposed project involves:

30 KLPD Rectified Spirit / ENA / Ethanol generation by using Molasses as raw

material.

2 MW captive Power generation using Biomass/Coal as raw materials.

1.2.2 SIZE OF THE PROJECT

The company has proposed to establish 30 KLPD Distillery Plant for production of Rectified

spirit / Extra Neutral Alcohol /Ethanol along with 2 MW captive Co-gen plant. The total

capital investment of the proposed project will be Rs. 54.75 Crores.

1.2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT

Ganpati Sugar Industries Ltd. has proposed to establish a 30 KLPD Molasses based Distillery

plant and 2 MW Captive Power Plant at Sy. No. 1421 A / 1421 AA / 1421 E / 1421 EE,

Chowtkur village, Pulkal Mandal, Medak District in Telangana. The following factors have

been considered for location of project.

a. Availability of suitable land.

b. Availability of water (Safe Zone as per CGWA).

c. Availability of raw materials.

d. Availability of man power.

e. Availability of infrastructural facilities

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.5

f. Suitability of land from geological and topographical aspects.

Salient Environmental aspects of project site:

The project area does not fall under the industrial areas / cluster, which are listed in MoEF

office memorandum dated 13th January 2010 and its subsequent amendments for Critically

Polluted area.

Nearest Habitation Posanipalli is at a distance of 0.8 Kms. from the project site.

There are no National Parks/Tiger Reserves/Elephant corridors within 10 Km. radius of the

project site. However Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at a distance of 10.1 Kms. from

the project site.

Chatkuri Reserve Forest is situated at distance of 0.5 Kms. from the project site.

No historical places and places of tourist importance within 10 Km radius of the project site.

Manjira river is flowing at a distance of 3.8 Kms. from the project site. Jangum Canal is

flowing at a distance of 0.5 Km. From project site

A small stream is passing adjacent to the west boundary of the site.

Manjira Reservoir is situated at a distance of 6.5 Kms. from the project site.

There is no interstate boundary with 5 Km. radius of the plant site (Nearest Interstate

border Telangana - Karnataka at 48 Kms.)

The Geographical location and topographical map showing the location of the plant is shown in Fig.

1.1 & 1.2.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Ltd.(30 KLPD Distillery & 2.0 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.6

GENERALLOCATION MAP

(TOR # 20)

Ganpati Sugar Industries Ltd.(30 KLPD Distillery & 2.0 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.7

FIG : 1.2

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP SHOWINGLOCATION OF THE PROJECT SITE

(TOR # 21 & 24)

Project site

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.8

1.2.4 IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT

The distillery industry today consists broadly of two parts like IMFL (Indian-made foreign

liquor), imported liquor, beer and country-made liquor, which is brimming with growth.

Challenges like the restrictive policies of states with regard to movement, production,

pricing, etc., increase in raw material prices (like ENA, glass, molasses etc.) and impositions

applied on advertising pose huge challenges for the industry.

But with favorable demographics, rising disposable income levels and greater acceptance of

alcoholic beverages in social circles, the outlook for the Indian alcoholic beverages

continues to remain positive. In addition, changing consumer preference towards premium

varieties of IMFL is likely to result in sales-mix gradually improve in favor of premium

brands.

Alcohol is an eco-friendly product. As a substitute to petroleum, it is used as a raw material

in manufacture of organic chemicals and as a fuel in automobiles. Hence, the distillery helps

to reduce the dependency on petroleum and has potential to save foreign exchange.

Petroleum is a scarce, non-renewable and environmentally harmful product. Alcohol being

used in beverages is a potential source of revenue to the government. The importance and

utility of alcohol is well known as an industrial raw material for manufacture of a variety of

organic chemicals including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, potable alcohol etc. It is now being

increasingly appreciated all over the world. This is partly due to high costs of products

produced through petroleum route, consequent to the phenomenal increase in petroleum

price.

Further, it is a potential fuel in the form of power alcohol when blended with petrol. Ethanol

is substitute to the imported petroleum. Being produced from renewable source it is an

environmental friendly product. Large demand is also anticipated for its use as fuel. Under

the National Ethanol Program, there is a mandate to blend 5 % ethanol, in petrol in nine

states and 4 Union Territories in the year 2003 and subsequently mandated 5 per cent

blending of ethanol with petrol in 20 States and 8 Union Territories in November 2006 on an

all-India basis except a few North East states and Jammu & Kashmir.

The program was a significant step in utilizing alternative, renewable and environment-

friendly sources of energy like ethanol to supplement fossil fuels. The EBP program is

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.9

primarily based on indigenously produced ethanol which, besides augmenting fuel

availability in the country, would also provide better returns for farmers. Further, ethanol is

environment-friendly as it enhances combustion of petrol, resulting in lower emission of

pollutants. With reduced dependence on crude oil consumers can pay less for petrol and

enjoy the benefits of a clean and healthy environment.

Consumption Pattern Of Alcohol For The Year 2013-14 (Telangana State)

Sr. No. Alcohol Consumption for (%)

1. Potable and Industrial 17.48

2. Fuel 82.52

The ethanol of commerce contains about five per cent water; hence, termed as "Hydrous

(water-containing) alcohol". If the last traces of water are removed, "Anhydrous alcohol"

(water free or "absolute") is obtained, which is used to mix with petrol.

The world total ethanol production in the year 2011-12 was 102.58 Billion liters and major

consumption of alcohol was for fuel purpose. Many countries, including Brazil, USA, Canada,

Sweden and China have already started using anhydrous ethanol for blending with petrol. In

India, the Central Government has taken a policy decision to start using anhydrous alcohol

(fuel ethanol) for blending with petrol. Thus, it is expected that the demand of alcohol for

fuel purpose is going to increase in coming years.

SCENARIO FOR INDIA

ETHANOL

The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) of the Central Government has

approved a proposal for implementation of the ethanol blended petrol (EBP) programme in

the country. As a result, in January 2013 Petroleum Ministry floated a tender for supply of

ethanol. As per the tender ethanol requirement was 1404.10 million liters for 5 % blending

for 20 States and 4 Union territories and 315.20 million liters for Maharashtra for 10 %

blending.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.10

INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL

Ethyl alcohol is an important feedstock for the manufacture of chemicals. These chemicals

are primarily the basic carbon based products like Acetic Acid, Butanol, Butadiene, Acetic

Anhydride, Vinyl acetate, PVC etc. The existing plants such as synthetic rubber requiring

large quantities of alcohol will grow to a larger capacity. The shortage of alcohol is

widespread and it has hit most of the chemical, drugs and other industries. The drug

industry is also influenced by the scarcity of industrial alcohol. Producers of insulin,

antibiotics, tonics and several other essential bulk drugs and finished formulations are

unable to obtain their quota of industrial alcohol at cheaper rate which is a vital raw

material for them. Thus it follows that the supply of industrial alcohol to chemical and drug

units in the country will remain below normal for some more time. In order to maintain

proper rate of growth of industries, production of alcohol must be increased.

POTABLE ALCOHOL

The use of alcohol for the purpose of potable liquor is as higher as its use for industrial

purposes. Alcohol is used for manufacture of country liquor consumed by common masses.

This is manufactured by diluting rectified spirit with water to different grades of 250 UP

strength. Different varieties are produced by addition of flavors and are called spiced

liquors. Good quality liquors are manufactured in a synthetic way to imitate Foreign Liquors

like Whisky, Brandy, Rum and Gin, which are called as Indian-Made-Foreign liquors (IMFL). It

requires alcohol of high purity. For this purpose, separate distillation plant to redistill and

purify Rectified Spirit is necessary. This alcohol is called as Extra-Neutral-Alcohol (ENA). It is

also useful for manufacture of cosmetics and perfumes. As a source of Income to the

Government, the potable liquor units get an assured quota of alcohol.

DEMAND AND SUPPLY GAP

During last few years, substantial quantity of alcohol (R.S., ENA and fuel ethanol) from the

country has been exported to mostly Africa and countries of South-East Asia. During 2013,

about 230 million liters of alcohol was exported from India. The demand of alcohol for

industrial, potable & fuel alcohol in Telangana State as well as in whole country will increase

significantly in coming years. The proposed 30 KLPD distillery plant will contribute in

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.11

fulfilling the alcohol and fuel ethanol requirement of Telangana State and neighboring

deficit states.

In the present scenario, sugar industry is forced to explore the alternatives so as to attain

financial viability while producing sugar. Distillery is one such alternative, because of the

availability of molasses as a raw material, bagasse as a fuel, own power generation ability

and availability of the steam energy from own Captive power plant.

Therefore, the management of the factory has planned to establish a 30KLPD molasses

based distillery.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of work includes a detailed characterization of the environment in an area of 10

Km. radius of the project site for various environmental parameters like Air, Water, Noise,

Land, Biological and Social-economic aspects.

The Draft EIA Report is prepared in accordance with the Terms of Reference issued by the

Ministry of Environment & Forests, New Delhi.

Generic Structure of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report as per the EIA

notification of the MoEF, GoI dated 14th September 2006 and its subsequent amendments is

detailed below:

Ch. No. Heading

1. Introduction

2. Project Description

3. Description of the Environment

4. Anticipated Environmental Impact & Mitigation Measures

5. Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)

6. Environmental Monitoring Program

7. Additional Studies

8. Project Benefits

9. Environmental Cost – Benefit Analysis

10. Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

11. Summary & Conclusion

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 11.12

1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE PROCESS (Category – A Project)

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.1

CHAPTER – 2PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.0 TYPE OF PROJECT

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited has proposed to establish a 30 KLPD Molasses based

Distillery plant and 2 MW Captive Power Plant at Sy. No. 1421 A / 1421 AA / 1421 E / 1421

EE, Chowtkur village, Pulkal Mandal, Medak District in Telangana.

Total 16.7 acres of land is already in possession of management.

The proposed project involves:

30 KLPD Rectified Spirit / ENA / Ethanol generation by using Molasses as raw

material.

2MW captive Power generation using Biomass/Coal as raw materials.

2.1 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

The Indian liquor market, which is divided into various categories like IMFL (Indian-made

foreign liquor), imported liquor, beer and country-made liquor, is brimming with growth.

Challenges like the restrictive policies of states with regard to movement, production,

pricing, etc., increase in raw material prices (like ENA, glass, molasses etc.) and impositions

applied on advertising pose huge challenges for the industry.

But with favorable demographics, rising disposable income levels and greater acceptance of

alcoholic beverages in social circles, the outlook for the Indian alcoholic beverages

continues to remain positive. In addition, changing consumer preference towards premium

varieties of IMFL is likely to result in sales-mix gradually improve in favor of premium

brands.

Sugar cane is one of the important cash crops of India. The industries based on sugarcane

and its allied byproducts help farmers and provide employment to the rural people.

Bagasse, molasses and press mud are the waste/ by products of sugar industry. These

products once thought to be waste are now being used as raw material in the production of

valuable products.

Alcohol is a eco-friendly product. As a substitute to petroleum, it is used as a raw material

in manufacture of organic chemicals and as a fuel in automobiles. Hence, the distillery helps

to reduce the dependency on petroleum and has potential to save foreign exchange.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.2

Petroleum is a scarce, non-renewable and environmentally harmful product. Alcohol being

used in beverages is a potential source of revenue to the government. The importance and

utility of alcohol is well known as an industrial raw material for manufacture of a variety of

organic chemicals including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, potable alcohol etc. It is now being

increasingly appreciated all over the world. This is partly due to high costs of products

produced through petroleum route, consequent to the phenomenal increase in petroleum

price.

Further, it is a potential fuel in the form of power alcohol when blended with petrol.

Ethanol is substitute to the imported petroleum. Being produced from renewable source it

is an environmental friendly product. Large demand is also anticipated for its use as fuel.

Under the National Ethanol Programme, there is a mandate to blend 5 % ethanol, in petrol

in nine sugar producing states. This programme was started on 1st October 2003. This

amounts to a demand of 360 million liters of ethanol per year. This programme took the

back seat in 2004 due to the draught like conditions and a bad sugar cane crop. With good

monsoons in 2004, the country is set for a reasonably good sugar cane crop in this season.

In addition, the Government of India has set a dead line for introduction of gasoline and

diesel confirming to Euro-3 fuel standards in 11 cities of India. The Euro-3 standard specifies

the presence of an oxidant in the fuel, which minimizes the emissions due to the

combustions of these fuels. Ethanol being one of the most viable additives available, the oil

companies has to use ethanol for blending with petrol. The ethanol programme is expected

to be restarted soon.

Once this programme is taken to its next step where its blending would be 10 %, the

demand for ethanol would be more than doubled. The Indian Alcohol Industry is mostly

dependent on sugar factories for molasses as raw material.

2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT (TOR # 22)

The site of the proposed Distillery plant is located at Sy. No. 1421 A / 1421 AA / 1421 E /

1421 EE, Chowtkur village, Pulkal Mandal, Medak District in Telangana.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.3

The following are the coordinates of the site

S.No. Latitude Longitude

1. 17o 44’ 41.45’’ 78o 04’ 11.55’’

2. 17o 44’ 40.79’’ 78o 04’ 15.04’’

3. 17o 44’ 33.03’’ 78o 04’ 15.84’’

4. 17o 44’ 33.27’’ 78o 04’ 06.32’’

5. 17o 44’ 38.96’’ 78o 04’ 04.2’’

6. 17o 44’ 37.74’’ 78o 04’ 10.36’’

2.3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING WITHIN 10 Km. RADIUS OF THE PROJECT SITE

(TOR # 1 & 38)

The following is the environmental setting within the 10 Km. radius of the project site: The project area does not fall under the industrial areas / cluster, which are listed in

MoEF office memorandum dated 13th January 2010 and its subsequent amendments for

Critically Polluted area.

Nearest Habitation Posanipalli is at a distance of 0.8 Kms. from the project site.

There are no National Parks/Tiger Reserves/Elephant corridors within 10 Km. radius of

the project site. However Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at a distance of 10.3

Kms. from the project site.

Chatkuri Reserve Forest is situated at distance of 0.5 Kms. from the project site.

No historical places and places of tourist importance within 10 Km radius of the project

site.

A small stream is passing adjacent to the west boundary of the site.

Manjira river is flowing at a distance of 3.8 Kms. from the project site. Jangum Canal is

flowing at a distance of 0.5 Km. From project site

Manjira Reservoir is situated at a distance of 6.5 Kms. from the project site.

There is no interstate boundary with 5 Km. radius of the plant site (Nearest Interstate

border Telangana - Karnataka at 48 Kms.)

Only one major industry / Distillery, M/s Empee Distilleries Pvt. Ltd. (Grain based

Ethanol plant) is within 10 Km study area.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.4

2.3.2 DETAILS OF LAND (TOR # 27)

16.7 acres of land has already been acquired by the management,

The following is the classification of the land details.

LAND TYPE EXTENT IN ACRES STATUS OF ACQUISITION

Govt. land Nil ---

Private land 16.7 16.7 acres of land acquired

Forest Land Nil ---

Total 16.7

The following is the land use statement.

ITEM LAND IN ACRESBuilt-up area 3.0Internal roads 1.6ETP 1.2Greenbelt 5.7Bio compost area 4.1Storage area 1.1Total 16.7

2.4 SIZE / MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION (TOR # 2 & 39)

The following is the plant configuration of the proposed project:

S. NO. PRODUCT CAPACITY

1. Rectified Spirit / ENA / Ethanol (through Molasses based

Distillery plant)

30 KLPD

2. Electricity (through Captive Power Plant) 2 MW

The proposed distillery plant will be operated for a maximum of 270 days in a year.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.5

2.5 PROJECT COST AND IT’S BREAK UP

The total project cost of the proposed project is Rs. 57.45 Crores.

BREAK UP OF PROJECT COST

S.No. Particulars AMOUNT (Rs. In Lakhs)

1. Land : 100

2. Land Development & Civil Works : 20

3. Plant & Machinery : 4000

4. Interest during construction : 25

5. Preliminary & pre-operative expenses : 100

6.

Margin money for working capital &

contingency 1500

Total : 5745

2.6 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION

The proposed project will be implemented within 18-24 months from the date of issue of

Environmental Clearance by the Hon`ble Ministry of Environment & Forests & Consent for

Establishment by SPCB.

2.7 TECHNOLOGY AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION

2.7.1 RAW MATERIALS AND ITS SOURCES (TOR # 3, 39, 41 & 42)

The following will be the raw material requirement for the proposed project.

S.No Raw Material Source Quantity(TPD)

Method of Transport

1. Molasses Existing sugar plant of thegroup company at a

distance of 18 Kms by road

120 By Road

2. Fuel Consumption : 10 TPH Boilera Indian Coal Singareni collieries Ltd 60 By Rail & Road

(Covered trucks)

ORb Imported Coal Indonesia / Australia 35 By Sea, Rail, Road

(Covered trucks)OR

c Biomass Local Areas 120 By Road

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.6

(Covered trucks)

OR

d Biogas from Biomethanation ofSpent wash

429cum/hr

Through pipeline

2.7.2 RAW MATERIAL STORAGE & HANDLING

Molasses will be stored in MS Storage tanks.

Biomass / Coal will be stored in covered sheds.

2.7.3 TRANSPORT OF RAW MATERIALS

Molasses required, will be transported from existing Sugar Plant at a distance of 18 Kms.

Molasses will be transported in environmentally compliant tankers.

No. of tankers required for transporting Molasses will be 12.

The existing roads are capable of absorbing the additional traffic.

Bagasse / Biomass required will sourced from local area by covered trucks.

Coal / Imported coal will be transported closed covering trucks.

Hence there will not be any adverse impact on environment due to vehicular movement.

2.7.4 MANUFACTURING PROCESS (TOR # 40 & 44)2.7.4.1 DISTILLERY (Molasses based)

Yeast propagation:

Yeast seed material is prepared in water-cooled yeast vessels by inoculating molasses with

yeast. The contents of the yeast vessel are then transferred to the Yeast activation vessel.

The purpose of aerated yeast activation in the yeast activation vessel is to allow time for the

yeast cell multiplication.

Fermentation:

The fermentation technology adopted in the industry is of continuous fermentation. With

this technology, the total spent wash generation will be restricted to a max. of 10 kl/kl of

R.S. (As per latest CPCB recommendation).

The purpose of fermentation is to convert the fermentable sugars into alcohol. During

fermentation, sugars are broken down into alcohol and carbon-di-oxide. Significant heat

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.7

release takes place during fermentation. However the fermentation temperature is

maintained at 32 – 35 0C by forced recirculation heat exchangers.

At the end of fermentation, the wash is fed through a yeast separator where the yeast

cream is separated, acidified in the yeast treatment tank and returned to the yeast

activation vessel for activation. Sludge is separated in a sludge decanter. The clear wash

from both the yeast separator and sludge separator flows to the clarified wash tank. The

wash is then pumped to distillation.

Distillation:

Fermented Wash about 8% v/v alcohol is preheated in two stages i.e. in the beer heater

using the Rectifier vapours and then in the Fermented wash PHE using the effluent. The

preheated wash is then fed the Degasifying Column to remove residual CO2 and volatiles.

The wash then flows down to Analyser Column, which acts as a total stripper. The alcohol

water vapour mixture which rises upward in this column is fed to the Rectifier Column. The

spent wash, which is devoid of alcohol, flows down the Analyser Column for suitable

treatment.

The lower boiling impurities are concentrated in the Aldehyde Column where about 5%

spirit is drawn off as impure spirit with a minimum strength of 660 OP.

The alcohol vapours are concentrated in the Rectifier Column to produce Rectified Spirit of

95% v/v strength. Higher boiling impurities, which are formed during fermentation, are

removed by taking side draw purges to a decanter from the Rectifier Column. A trace

stream of spirit is drawn off as impure spirit (about 2% of plant capacity) to remove the

concentrated volatile compounds. The high grade Rectified Spirit is taken as a draw from

the upper trays of the Rectifier Column.

The Rectified spirit is fed to the purification column. Dilution water is fed on the top most

tray of the column with a dilution ratio of 1: 9. This column serves to remove the impurities

based on the principle of HYDROEXTRACTION. The water is fed to the column in such a way

that it selects the higher alcohols and other impurities to move upwards and extracts

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.8

ethanol down. The purifier bottom alcohol composition is maintained at 12 % v/v. At this

composition there is an inversion in relative volatiles of higher alcohols as compared to

ethanol and these alcohols get separated in the top distillate. Top draw for volatiles is fed

to the Fusel oil concentration column.

The purified dilute ethanol is removed from the bottom of the purification column and fed

to the rectification column, which concentrates the ethanol to 96% v/v. The high grade

spirit is drawn from one of the upper trays of the rectification column. A small heads cut is

removed from the overhead stream as technical alcohol (T.A.) cut to with draw impurities

and is fed to the heads concentration column. The lees from the exhaust column is recycled

as dilution water after a part of it is purged. The purged spent lees is used to preheat the

make-up dilution water.

Lower side draw streams are taken from rectification column to avoid fusel oil build up in

the column. These streams are then taken to the fusel oil column. This column

concentrates the dilute streams of ethanol containing esters and fusel oils to approximately

95% v/v of ethanol. The concentrated ethanol is removed as T.A. cut from the top of the

column. T.A. cut is removed out of the system in order to remove propanol and remaining

is fed to the heads concentration column where the heads from the purification column and

rectification are fed to the static mixer. Soft water, which has been preheated, is used for

diluting the high proof ethanol. An impure spirit cut of about 5% of the rectified spirit feed

is drawn from the top of the column. The dilute ethanol solution at the bottom of this

column is pumped back to the purification column for repurification.

Ethanol Production:

This plant is filled with imported 3A grade Molecular Sieve. It is operated with vaporized

Alcohol and removes water completely. Then Molecular sieves are regenerated under

vacuum of 710 mm Hg. Feed Alcohol comes to this Plant in a Day Tank continuously from

bulk storage tank. From this tank alcohol is pumped to a steam vaporizer at 4 Kg/cm2

pressure. This is vaporized in a steam heater and then vapor is super-heated to 160oC in a

super heater and taken to Molecular Sieve Unit. This super-heated vapor now pressure

through one Molecular Sieve column for moisture removal. There are 2 Molecular Sieve

columns. At a time one column remain in drying cycle while other columns under goes

vacuum regeneration. Each column remains in cycle for 6 minutes. Here drying process

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EIA report – Chapter 22.9

takes place at 3.0 Kg/cm2 pressure and dry alcohol vapour of 99.8% purity comes out as

final product. This alcohol vapour is condensed in a water cooler and then collected in

another day tank. From this tank dry alcohol is continuously pumped to bulk day storage

tank through a level controller and a control valve. In the regeneration process some left

over alcohol also comes out which is condensed in regeneration condenser. This alcohol is

around 95% strength and is re-cycled in to rectifier column continuously.

The other Molecular Sieves column under goes regeneration by a vacuum pump. In this

column vacuum pumps pulls and creates vacuum of 710 mm Hg. At this vacuum the

moisture from Molecular Sieve pores comes out and along with 30% pure alcohol from on

line Mole Sieve bed is sprayed. Thereafter during vacuum process, some left over alcohol

and water from Molecular Sieves comes out and is condensed. Concentration of this lean

alcohol is around 70% alcohol, which can be recycled to the Rectifying Column. From

Rectifier the pure water will be sent out automatically.

The process cum mass flow diagram is furnished as Fig 2.1

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.10

MASS BALANCE(TOR # 45)

FIG : 2.1

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 22.11

2.7.4.2 POWER GENERATION PROCESS (CAPTIVE POWER PLANT)

The power plant consists of the following.

10 TPH Traveling Grate Boiler with

1 x 2 MW Triple Extraction cum condensing type Steam turbine

Mechanical auxiliaries like Fuel handling system.

Water cooled condenser system.

Electrical auxiliaries

The boiler will be designed to operate with Biomass/Coal.

The whole process comprises of generating heat energy in the boiler and then converting

heat energy generated in the Traveling Grate Boiler into Mechanical energy in the turbine

and further converting this mechanical energy generated in the turbine into electrical

energy in the alternator.

The fuel will be fed into the boiler and will be burnt in the boiler. The combustion

generates the heat energy in the boiler. This heat energy is transferred to heat transfer

area provided in different areas like (water wall, steam drum/mud drum, Bank tubes,

Economizer, Super heater, Air-pre heater). This heat is transferred to the Air, which is

passing through and steam is generated and this steam is further superheated in the Super

heater so that dry super-heated steam is generated.

This steam will be fed into the turbine and this steam expands in the turbine and generates

mechanical energy i.e. it starts rotating the rotor at high speed and further this mechanical

energy is converted into electrical energy in the alternator. The power generated at the

alternator terminal is 2 MW.

The feed water from the deaerator is pumped to the steam drum through HP heater and

economizer by means of feed water pump (two no's out of which normally one is working

and the one will be standby). The feed water gets preheated in the HP heater by recovery of

heat from MP steam extraction from turbine initially and in economizer by way of recovery

of heat from flue gases before it enters the steam drum, where it mixes with boiler water. A

minimum re-circulation flow line is provided in the feed water line to pump the water back

to deaerator and safeguard the pump from overheating in very low or no flow (to boiler)

condition.

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EIA report – Chapter 22.12

BOILER WATER CIRCULATION SYSTEM

The boiler water circulation system consists of two sections in boiler bank tubes and water

wall tubes. The boiler bank tubes have a self adjusting circulation pattern, with a few tubes

connected to the water space, serving as down comer tubes and the remaining serving as

riser tubes. A portion of the water circulated is evaporated and the steam water mixture

rises up into the steam drum where steam is separated from water. Dry steam leaves the

steam drum, while the separated water mixes with the incoming feed water for further

circulation. The water wall tubes receive water from water drum through down

comer/connecting pipes. The steam water mixture, rising through water wall tubes, enters

the steam drum and the dry saturated steam leaves the drum.

SUPER HEATER SYSTEM

The saturated steam from the steam drum enters the super heater. This is located at the

outlet of the furnace and is of pendant type, arranged for counter flow configuration. The

heat from the flue gases is transferred to the steam and the super heater is suitably sized to

achieve the rated steam temperature. The inter stage attemperator provided enables to

maintain the super heat steam temperature within allowable limits. The superheated steam

flows through the main steam piping to the end use equipment. The main steam stop valve

isolates the boiler form the process/turbine, as the case may be. Boiler start up vent and

superheater safety valve are located in this line.

FIRING SYSTEM

The spreader stoker with traveling grate is most widely used combustion process for

burning fuels for generation of steam. The primary purpose of this grate is to provide a

platform for the fuel to be distributed over and for the forced draft air to pass through,

providing oxygen for combustion. The travelling grate moves forward and towards the fuel

feed end. The design is such that it releases equal amounts of energy over each square

meter of the grate.

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EIA report – Chapter 22.13

2.7.5 STEAM REQUIRED FOR THE DISTILLERY (TOR # 4)

The steam requirement for the proposed Distillery will be met from the 10 TPH boiler with

coal (OR) Biomass as fuels.

The steam generated from the Boiler will be used as follows:

SECTION STEAM REQUIREMENT (in TPH)Fermentation 1.5Multi pressure distillation 4.5Multiple Effect Evaporation 1.8Boiler Deaerator 1.2CO2 recovery plant 1.0Total 10.0

2.7.6 ENERGY REQUIRED FOR THE DISTILLERY (TOR # 46)

The power required for the distillery will be met 2 MW captive power plant. The following

will be power requirement for various sections of distillery unit

SECTION OPERATING LOAD-KW

Molasses Handling & Continuous Fermentation 234Multi Pressure Vacuum Distillation 75Stand Alone Evaporation Section 288Cooling towers pumps for, Fermentation, Distillation

Evaporation and power plant306

CPU 63Biogas Plant 81WTP Section 63Power Plant In House load 180Plant Lightning 18Storage Section 18

TOTAL 1326

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EIA report – Chapter 22.14

2.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION MEASURES

i. Air Emission Control

Air emissions from proposed project will be Particulate matter, SO2 and NOx.

A stack height of 38 m will be provided for 10 TPH boiler for effective dispersion of

emissions into the atmosphere. Bagfilters will be provided for bringing down PM

emission to less than 50 mg/Nm3 to comply with CREP recommendations.

ii. Wastewater Management

From Captive Power Plant

Back wash from DM plant and Softener, Boiler blowdown will be neutralized in a

neutralization tank and will be mixed with Cooling tower blow down in the CMB and will be

utilized for greenbelt development, dust suppression and ash conditioning after ensuring

compliance with treated effluent quality as per MoEF / SPCB Standards.

From Distillery Plant

The spent wash will be treated in Bio digester followed by Multiple effect Evaporators

(MEE) followed by Bio-composting.

This is totally a “Zero Effluent Discharge” based proven technology, as also approved by the

Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and The Ministry Of Environment & Forests.

iii. Noise Emissions

Acoustic enclosure will be provided to STG. All the machinery will comply with noise

levels stipulated by MOEF vide notification dated 14-02-2000. The major noise levels

will be confined to the working zones of the proposed ethanol plant.

Ear mufflers will be provided to all employees who will enter into the noise prone

areas.

4. Solid waste

Yeast Sludge will be mixed with press mud and composted to dispose as manure

Ash from the boiler will be given to brick manufactures/Cement plants( when coal

will be used as fuel)

Ash from the boiler will be used as manure ( when Biomass will be used as fuel)

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EIA report – Chapter 22.15

2.9 ASSESSMENT OF NEW & UNTESTED TECHNOLOGY FOR THE RISK OF TECHNOLOGICALFAILURE

Fermentation technology for production of ethanol with Molasses as raw materials are well

proven technologies all over the world. Hence there will not be any risk of technological

failure from this proposed project.

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EIA report – Chapter 3 3.1

CHAPTER – 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

(BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS)

3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS

This chapter gives an idea and description of environmental status of the study area with

reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The main objective of describing the

environment is to assess present environmental quality & the environmental impacts. The

study area 10 Km. radius of the plant site is covered in Survey of India.

The impact identification always commences with the collection of baseline data such as

ambient air quality, ground water quality, surface water quality, noise levels, land

environment, land use pattern, flora & fauna and socio economic aspects with in the study

zone of 10 Km. radius during March, 2015 to May, 2015.

3.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT (TOR # 49)

3.1.1 METEOROLOGY

Meteorology of the study area plays an important role in the air pollution studies. The

prevailing micro meteorological conditions at the project site will regulate the dispersion

and dilution of air pollutants in the atmosphere. The predominant wind directions and the

wind speed will decide the direction and distance of the most affected zone from the

proposed activity. The meteorological data collected during the monitoring period is very

useful in interpretation of baseline data as input for dispersion models for predicting the

Ground Level Concentrations (GLC).

3.1.2 METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED AT SITE

A Temporary Weather Monitoring Station has been installed at the project site and

temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, rainfall, etc. were recorded for

one season from March, 2015 to May, 2015.

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EIA report – Chapter 3 3.2

Cloud cover

During study period, generally light clouds were observed in the evenings with clear

mornings.

Temperature

The maximum temperature recorded was 45.60C and the minimum temperature was 29.80C

at the weather monitoring station at the project site.

Wind Pattern at Project Site during the study period

Wind speed and direction are recorded at site every hour.

The predominant winds during this season are mostly from SE and NW. The wind rose

diagram at site is shown in fig. 3.1.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.3

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EIA report – Chapter 3 3.4

3.1.3 AIR QUALITY

The ambient air quality with respect to the study zone of 10 Km. radius around the project

site forms the baseline information. The study area represents mostly rural environment.

The various sources of air pollution in the region are vehicular traffic, dust arising from

unpaved village roads. The Prime objective of baseline air quality survey is to assess the

existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful in assessing the conformity to

standards of the ambient air quality during the plant operation.

3.1.3.1 SAMPLING & ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES INSTRUMENTS USED FOR SAMPLING

Dust sampler is used for monitoring PM10, PM, SO2 and NOx. Methods employed for

detection of PM10, PM, SO2, NOx, CO & HC (methane & non-methane) are furnished in the

table 3.1.1

Calibration

Calibration charts have been prepared for all gaseous pollutants. The Calibration is carried

out when new absorbing solutions are prepared.

TABLE 3.1.1

METHODS USED FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING

S.No Parameter Method Minimum Detectable Limit

(g /m3)

1. Particulate Matter (PM10) Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetric Method)

5.0

2. Particulate Matter (PM) Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetric Method)

5.0

3. SO2 EPA Modified West & Gaeke method

4.0

4. NOx Arsenite modified Jacob & Hochheiser

4.5

5. CO Non Dispersive Infra Red Spectroscopy (NDIR)

0.006 mg/m3

6. HC (methane & non-methane)

Gas Chromatograph ---

3.1.3.2 SELECTION OF SAMPLING STATIONS

The base line status of the ambient air quality can be assessed through scientifically

designed Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network.

The selection of sampling locations in the air quality surveillance programme is based on the

following.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.5

(a) Representation of the project site.

(b) Representation of down wind direction.

(c) Representation of upwind direction.

(d) Representation of cross wind direction

(e) Representation of residential areas (densely populated area).

(f) Representation of regional background levels.

(g) Representation of sensitive receptors

Eight nos. of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations were established with in the study

zone of the project area in accordance with CPCB guidelines.

The sampling locations and their distances are shown in Table 3.1.2 and in Fig 3.2. The Max.,

Min., and 98th percentile values for all the sampling locations for PM10, PM, SO2, NOx, CO &

HC (methane & non-methane) are shown in Table 3.1.3 to 3.1.10.

3.1.3.3 PARAMETERS MONITORED

Ambient air quality was monitored for 2 days in a week for three months (March, 2015 to

May, 2015) to assess the existing status of air pollution and pollution dispersion pattern

over the whole air basin of plant as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards vide No.

S. No. 826 (E) dated 16th November, 2009.

At each Monitoring PM10, PM, SO2, NOx, CO & HC (methane & non-methane) are

monitored.

TABLE 3.1.2

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS

S.No. STATION CRITERIA

DIRECTION W.R.T

PROJECT SITE

DISTANCE (in Kms.)

W.R.T PROJECT SITE

A1. Project site Represents Project site -- --

A2. Posanipalli Represents Nearest habitation N 0.8

A3. Chatkur Represents Crosswind direction NE 1.9

A4. Lakshmisagar Represents Downwind & upwind direction

NW 2.8

A5. Sarafpalli Represents Upwind & downwind direction

SE 2.4

A6. Upparaguda Represents crosswind direction S 1.7 A7 Sultanpur Represents Upwind & downwind

direction SE 3.0

A8 Bommareddiguem Represents crosswind direction W 2.3

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.6

FIG : 3.2

Project site

A2 A3

A4

A8

A7

A5

A6

A1

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP SHOWING AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

MONITORING STATIONS

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EIA report – Chapter 3 3.7

TABLE 3.1.3

Sampling Location: Project Site

Unit : g /m3

Sampling Period: March, 2015 to May, 2015

Parameter Maximum Minimum 98th percentile Standard as per NAAQS

PM10 28.9 18.8 28.9 100

PM 95.3 85.8 95.3 200

SO2 7.8 6.5 7.8 80

NOX 8.9 7.6 8.9 80

CO 350 338 350 2000

Concentration levels of HC (Methane & Non methane) are BDL

TABLE 3.1.4

Sampling Location: Posanipalli

Unit : g /m3

Sampling Period:

March, 2015 to May, 2015

Parameter Maximum Minimum 98th percentile Standard as per NAAQS

PM10 31.4 26.8 31.4 100

PM 105.7 98.7 105.7 200

SO2 9.7 9.1 9.7 80

NOX 12.9 11.6 12.9 80

CO 489 415 489 2000

Concentration levels of HC (Methane & Non methane) are BDL

TABLE 3.1.5

Sampling Location: Chatkur

Unit : g /m3

Sampling Period:

March, 2015 to May, 2015

Parameter Maximum Minimum 98th percentile Standard as per NAAQS

PM10 33.7 30.7 33.7 100

PM 110.9 102.7 110.9 200

SO2 10.9 10.3 10.9 80

NOX 14.3 12.9 14.3 80

CO 568 517 568 2000

Concentration levels of HC (Methane & Non methane) are BDL

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EIA report – Chapter 3 3.8

TABLE 3.1.6

Sampling Location: Lakshmisagar

Unit : g /m3

Sampling Period:

March, 2015 to May, 2015

Parameter Maximum Minimum 98th percentile Standard as per NAAQS

PM10 28.7 26.8 28.7 100

PM 89.4 85.9 89.4 200

SO2 8.9 8.1 8.9 80

NOX 10.8 9.7 10.8 80

CO 310 289 310 2000

Concentration levels of HC (Methane & Non methane) are BDL

TABLE 3.1.7

Sampling Location: Sarafpalli

Unit : g /m3

Sampling Period:

March, 2015 to May, 2015

Parameter Maximum Minimum 98th percentile Standard as per NAAQS

PM10 32.7 29.8 32.7 100

PM 98.4 91.6 98.4 200

SO2 12.4 11.9 12.4 80

NOX 13.7 12.3 13.7 80

CO 456 428 456 2000

Concentration levels of HC (Methane & Non methane) are BDL

TABLE 3.1.8

Sampling Location: Upparaguda

Unit : g /m3

Sampling Period:

March, 2015 to May, 2015

Parameter Maximum Minimum 98th percentile Standard as per NAAQS

PM10 28.9 27.6 28.9 100

PM 87.7 86.8 87.7 200

SO2 9.2 7.8 9.2 80

NOX 10.4 8.9 10.4 80

CO 376 359 376 2000

Concentration levels of HC (Methane & Non methane) are BDL

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.9

TABLE 3.1.9

Sampling Location: Sultanpur

Unit : g /m3

Sampling Period:

March, 2015 to May, 2015

Parameter Maximum Minimum 98th percentile Standard as per NAAQS

PM10 34.5 31.8 34.5 100

PM 109.4 102.3 109.4 200

SO2 12.8 12.1 12.8 80

NOX 14.5 13.9 14.5 80

CO 534 498 534 2000

Concentration levels of HC (Methane & Non methane) are BDL

TABLE 3.1.10

Sampling Location: Bommareddiguem

Unit : g /m3

Sampling Period:

March, 2015 to May, 2015

Parameter Maximum Minimum 98th percentile Standard as per NAAQS

PM10 28.6 27.9 28.6 100

PM 89.9 88.4 89.9 200

SO2 8.7 7.5 8.7 80

NOX 9.8 9.2 9.8 80

CO 289 278 289 2000

Concentration levels of HC (Methane & Non methane) are BDL

3.2 NOISE ENVIRONMENT (TOR # 52)

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in

general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness

distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to

describe, in a single number, the response of an average human being to a complex sound

made up various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and heavily

favoured of those scales is the weighted decibel (dBA). This is more suitable for audible

range of 20 to 20,000 Hertz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of

noise according to the response of a human ear.

The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It

is well known that steady noise is not as annoying as one that is continuously varying in

loudness.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.10

The time, at which noise occurs, for example loud noise levels at night in residential

areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive area, which determines

the loudness and period of noise exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced

Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of Noise levels.

The environmental impact assessment of noise from the project can be carried out by taking

into consideration of various factors: potential damage to hearing, potential physiological

responses, annoyance and general community responses.

The main objective of noise level monitoring is to assess the background noise levels in

different zones viz., industrial, commercial, residential and silence zones within the study

area.

The basic studies conducted were

a. Assessment of background noise levels.

b. Identification and monitoring the major noise generating sources in the study area.

c. Impact of noise on general population in the study zone of 10 Km. radius.

3.2.1 RECONNAISSANCE

Noise levels were measured at different locations within 10 Km. radius of the project such

as villages, bus stands etc.

3.2.1.1 BACKGROUND NOISE

Baseline noise data has been measured at different locations using A-weighted sound

pressure level meter. The equivalent day-night noise levels in the study zone are ranging

from 43.9 dBA to 50.4 dBA.

3.2.1.2 SOURCES OF NOISE

Typical considerations in environmental noise assessment can be divided into two

categories; one is related to noise sources and the other related to potential receiver.

Two quantities are needed to describe completely the strength of the source. They are

sound power level and directivity. Sound power levels measures the total sound power

radiated by the source in all directions where as directivity is a measure of difference in

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EIA report – Chapter 3 3.11

radiation with direction. This concept of sound power level and directivity index makes it

possible to calculate the sound pressure level created by the source.

3.2.2 COMMUNITY NOISE

The ambient noise level is characterized by significant variations above a base or a residual

noise level. The residual noise level is that level below which the ambient noise does not

seem to drop during a given time interval and is generally caused by the unidentified distant

sources. It differs in rural and urban areas. At night, its level is low due to lesser elements of

noise. The annoyance that people experience depends upon the number of noise elements

that produce noise concurrently at a given time that occur during a time interval.

The noise rating developed by EPA for specification of community noise from all sources is

the day night sound level, Ldn. It is similar to a 24 hour equivalent sound level except that

during the night period, which extends from 10.00 p.m. to 7.00 a.m. A 10 dBA weighing

penalty is added to the account for the fact that noise at night when people are trying to

sleep is judged more annoying than the same noise during the day time.

The Ldn for a given location in a community is calculated from an hourly equivalent sound

level given be the following equation.

Ldn =10 log (1/24 [15 (10(Ld/10) + 9 (10(Ln+10)/10 )] )

Where Ld is the equivalent noise level during day time (7A .M. to 10 P.M.)

Ln is the equivalent noise level during night time (10 P.M. to 7 A.M.)

3.2.2.1 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE

To assess the magnitude of impact due to noise sources, it is essential to know the

following.

a. The duration of sound.

b. Distribution through the working day.

c. Overall noise levels.

d. It’s composition including frequency and intensity at various intervals of time.

Other factors regarding receiver include

a. The age of the individual.

b. The sensitivity of the individual.

c. The efficiency of the protective devices used.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.12

After characterizing the noise sources noise at receiver’s location, the impact must be

assessed. The environmental impact of noise can lead to the following effects.

a. Damages the hearing capacity.

b. Interference in communication.

c. Interference with work.

d. Interference with sleep.

e. Causes annoyance.

3.2.3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR NOISE LEVEL OBSERVATION

For measurement of Ambient Noise level in the Study area, a Digital Sound Level Meter

(Make & Model: Lutron SL-4001) was used. The instrument was calibrated with a Standard

Acoustic calibrator before using in the field. The measurements were carried out

continuously for the 24-hour period to obtain hourly equivalent sound pressure level, 1 hour

Leq. From these values, day and night time as well as 24-hour Leq values were also

calculated. The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the

same sound energy as the fluctuating sound measured in the same period.

Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental

attributes

Attributes & Sampling Measurement

Method

Remarks

Noise Network Frequency

Hourly equivalent

noise levels

Identified study

area

Once in each

season

Instrument :

Noise level meter

IS:4954-1968 as

adopted by CPCB

Hourly equivalent

noise levels

In project site Once Instrument :

Noise level meter

CPCB/OSHA

Hourly equivalent

noise levels

Highways Once in each

season

Instrument :

Noise level meter

CPCB/IS:4954-1968

3.2.4 NOISE LEVEL OBSERVATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA

Baseline noise levels have been monitored at different locations within the study zone of

the project. 8 nos. of stations have been selected for measurement of noise levels and their

distances with respect to site are shown in Table 3.2.1 and in Fig 3.3. The day night

equivalent noise values are shown in table 3.2.2

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.13

TABLE 3.2.1

NOISE LEVEL MONITORING STATIONS

S.No STATION DIRECTION W.R.T.

PROJECT SITE

DISTANCE (in Kms.) W.R.T. PROJECT

SITE

CATEGORY OF AREA

1. Project site -- -- Industrial

2. Posanipalli N 0.8 Residential

3. Chatkur NE 1.9 Residential

4. Lakshmisagar NW 2.8 Residential

5. Sarafpalli SE 2.4 Residential

6. Upparaguda S 1.7 Residential

7. Sultanpur SE 3.0 Residential

8. Bommareddiguem W 2.3 Residential

TABLE 3.2.2

EQUIVALENT DAY NIGHT NOISE LEVEL

S. No. LOCATION EQUIVALENT NOISE LEVELS (dBA) Standard DAY NIGHT DAY-NIGHT

N1 Project site 42 36 43.9 *Industrial Day time – 75 dBA

Night time – 70 dBA

Residential Day time – 55 dBA

Night time – 45 dBA

N2 Posanipalli 41 37 44.3

N3 Chatkur 48 41 49.4

N4 Lakshmisagar 45 35 45

N5 Sarafpalli 44 36 44.9

N6 Upparaguda 42 37 44.6

N7 Sultanpur 49 42 50.4

N8 Bommareddiguem 45 37 45.9

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.14

FIG : 3.3

Project site

N2 N3

N4

N8

N7

N5

N6

N1

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP SHOWING NOISE LEVEL MONITORING

STATIONS

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.15

3.3 WATER QUALITY IMPACTS

3.3.1 SURFACE WATER QUALITY (TOR # 5 & 50)

Manjeera river is flowing at a distance of 3.8 Kms from the project site.

Surface water samples from Manjeera River were collected from Upstream and

Downstream. The analysis is furnished in Table No. 3.3.1 and Table No. 3.3.2.

TABLE NO. 3.3.1 SURFACE WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Station: Manjeera River Month: May, 2015

S.NO. PARAMETER UNIT Upstream Downstream

Standard as per

BIS: 2296 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Colour --- ----- ----- -----

2. pH --- 7.3 7.7 6.5-8.5

3. Turbidity NTU 15.5 16.8 -----

4. Electrical Conductivity ms/cm 295 284 -----

5. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 210 197 500

6. DO mg/l 4.7 4.5 ---

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

7. Total Hardness mg/l 156 148 1500

8. Calcium Hardness mg/l 92 89 200

9. Magnesium Hardness mg/l 64 59 100

10. Alkalinity mg/l 47 45 -----

11. Sulphates mg/l 39 41 400

12. Chlorides mg/l 20 18 600

13. Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 7.4 7.3 20

14. Fluoride as F mg/l 0.5 0.5 1.5

15. Sodium as Na mg/l 26 25 -----

16. BOD mg/l 1.9 2.1 3

17. Residual chlorine mg/l <0.01 <0.01 -----

18. Cyanides as CN- mg/l <0.01 <0.01 0.05

19. Phenols as C6H5OH mg/l Absent Absent 0.005

20. Hexavalent chromium as Cr mg/l <0.01 <0.01 0.05

21. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.20 0.18 50

22. Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 <0.01 1.5

23. Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 0.2

24. Selenium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

25. Cadmium as cd mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

26. Boron as B mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

27. Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.01

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.16

28. Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

29. Silica as SiO2 mg/l 2.3 2.5 ----

30. Mineral oil mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

31. Total coliforms (MPN/100

ml)

455 450 5000

3.3.2 GROUND WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (TOR # 51)

The ground water samples have to be collected and analyzed for various parameters like pH,

Suspended Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Temperature, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness,

Magnesium hardness, Alkalinity, Fluoride, Chloride, Sulphates, Nitrates, Chemical Oxygen

Demand (COD) and for various heavy metals and is compared with the standards to know

the water quality.

Selection of sampling locations will be generally done based on the following factors:

(i) Proximity of the industries to the project.

(ii) Residential areas.

(iii) Representation of project site.

Eight numbers of ground water samples from open wells / bore wells were collected from

the nearby villages to assess ground water quality impacts. The ground water sampling

locations and their distances from the proposed Project site are shown in Table 3.3.3. and in

Fig 3.4. These water samples are analyzed for various parameters as per IS: 10500. The

ground water characteristics were shown in table Nos. 3.3.4 to 3.3.9.

TABLE 3.3.3

GROUND WATER QUALITY SAMPLING STATIONS

S.No STATION DIRECTION

W.R.T. PROJECT

SITE

DISTANCE (in Kms.)

W.R.T. PROJECT SITE

CATEGORY OF AREA

GW1 Project site -- -- Industrial

GW2 Posanipalli N 0.8 Residential

GW3 Chatkur NE 1.9 Residential

GW4 Lakshmisagar NW 2.8 Residential

GW5 Sarafpalli SE 2.4 Residential

GW6 Upparaguda S 1.7 Residential

GW7 Sultanpur SE 3.0

GW8 Bommareddiguem

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.17

FIG : 3.4

Project site

G2 G3

G4

G8

G7

G5

G6

G1

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP SHOWING GROUND WATER SAMPLING

STATIONS

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.18

TABLE 3.3.4

GROUND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS (TOR # 5)

Sampling Location: Near Project site Month: May, 2015

S.NO. PARAMETER Standard as per IS: 10500

Desirable limit (Permissible limit)

UNIT SAMPLE

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Colour --- ---

2. pH 6.5 – 8.5 7.3

3. Turbidity 5 (10) NTU 1

4. Electrical Conductivity Limit not specified s/cm 820

5. Total Dissolved Solids 500 (2000) mg/l 548

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Total Hardness 300 (600) mg/l 256

7. Calcium Hardness 200 (200 as Ca) mg/l 168

8. Magnesium Hardness 30 (100 as Ca) mg/l 88

9. Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 135

10. Sulphates 200 (400) mg/l 87

11. Chlorides 250 (1000) mg/l 196

12. Nitrates as NO3 45 (45) mg/l 27

13. Fluoride as F 1.0/1.5 mg/l 0.48

14. Sodium as Na Limit not specified mg/l 30

15. Residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l <0.01

16. Cyanides as CN- 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

17. Phenols as C6H5OH 0.001 (0.002) mg/l Absent

18. Total chromium as Cr 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

19. Iron as Fe 0.3 (1.0) mg/l 0.020

20. Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l <0.01

21. Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

22. Selenium as Se 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

23. Cadmium as cd 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

24. Boron as B 1.0 (5.0) mg/l <0.01

25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 (0.001) mg/l <0.001

26. Lead as Pb 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

27. Silica as SiO2 --- mg/l Absent

28. Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) Mg/l <0.01

29. Anionic detergents as MBAS 0.2 (1.0) Mg/l <0.01

30. Total coliforms 10 (-) (MPN/100 ml) Absent

Project Site

Project Site

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.19

TABLE 3.3.5

GROUND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Sampling Location: Posanipalli Month: May, 2015

S.NO. PARAMETER Standard as per IS: 10500

Desirable limit (Permissible limit)

UNIT SAMPLE

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Colour --- ---

2. pH 6.5 – 8.5 7.8

3. Turbidity 5 (10) NTU 1

4. Electrical Conductivity Limit not specified s/cm 786

5. Total Dissolved Solids 500 (2000) mg/l 537

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Total Hardness 300 (600) mg/l 278

7. Calcium Hardness 200 (200 as Ca) mg/l 185

8. Magnesium Hardness 30 (100 as Ca) mg/l 93

9. Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 147

10. Sulphates 200 (400) mg/l 94

11. Chlorides 250 (1000) mg/l 188

12. Nitrates as NO3 45 (45) mg/l 29

13. Fluoride as F 1.0/1.5 mg/l 0.6

14. Sodium as Na Limit not specified mg/l 36

15. Residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l <0.01

16. Cyanides as CN- 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

17. Phenols as C6H5OH 0.001 (0.002) mg/l Absent

18. Total chromium as Cr 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

19. Iron as Fe 0.3 (1.0) mg/l 0.015

21. Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l <0.01

21. Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

22. Selenium as Se 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

23. Cadmium as cd 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

24. Boron as B 1.0 (5.0) mg/l <0.01

25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 (0.001) mg/l <0.001

26. Lead as Pb 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

27. Silica as SiO2 --- mg/l Absent

28. Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l <0.01

29. Anionic detergents as MBAS 0.2 (1.0) mg/l <0.01

30. Total coliforms 10 (-) (MPN/100 ml) Absent

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.20

TABLE 3.3.6

GROUND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Sampling Location: Chatkur Month: May, 2015

S.NO. PARAMETER Standard as per IS: 10500

Desirable limit (Permissible limit)

UNIT SAMPLE

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Colour --- ---

2. pH 6.5 – 8.5 7.5

3. Turbidity 5 (10) NTU 1

4. Electrical Conductivity Limit not specified s/cm 867

5. Total Dissolved Solids 500 (2000) mg/l 563

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Total Hardness 300 (600) mg/l 275

7. Calcium Hardness 200 (200 as Ca) mg/l 174

8. Magnesium Hardness 30 (100 as Ca) mg/l 101

9. Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 148

10. Sulphates 200 (400) mg/l 79

11. Chlorides 250 (1000) mg/l 187

12. Nitrates as NO3 45 (45) mg/l 24

13. Fluoride as F 1.0/1.5 mg/l 0.6

14. Sodium as Na Limit not specified mg/l 32

15. Residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l <0.01

16. Cyanides as CN- 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

17. Phenols as C6H5OH 0.001 (0.002) mg/l Absent

18. Total chromium as Cr 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

19. Iron as Fe 0.3 (1.0) mg/l 0.010

20. Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l <0.01

21. Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

22. Selenium as Se 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

23. Cadmium as cd 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

24. Boron as B 1.0 (5.0) mg/l <0.01

25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 (0.001) mg/l <0.001

26. Lead as Pb 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

27. Silica as SiO2 --- mg/l Absent

28. Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l <0.01

29. Anionic detergents as MBAS 0.2 (1.0) mg/l <0.01

30. Total coliforms 10 (-) (MPN/100 ml) Absent

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.21

TABLE 3.3.7

GROUND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Sampling Location: Lakshmisagar Month: May, 2015

S.NO. PARAMETER Standard as per IS: 10500

Desirable limit (Permissible limit)

UNIT SAMPLE

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Colour --- ---

2. pH 6.5 – 8.5 7.5

3. Turbidity 5 (10) NTU 1

4. Electrical Conductivity Limit not specified s/cm 785

5. Total Dissolved Solids 500 (2000) mg/l 538

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Total Hardness 300 (600) mg/l 248

7. Calcium Hardness 200 (200 as Ca) mg/l 159

8. Magnesium Hardness 30 (100 as Ca) mg/l 89

9. Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 128

10. Sulphates 200 (400) mg/l 83

11. Chlorides 250 (1000) mg/l 189

12. Nitrates as NO3 45 (45) mg/l 28

13. Fluoride as F 1.0/1.5 mg/l 0.6

14. Sodium as Na Limit not specified mg/l 28

15. Residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l <0.01

16. Cyanides as CN- 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

17. Phenols as C6H5OH 0.001 (0.002) mg/l Absent

18. Total chromium as Cr 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

19. Iron as Fe 0.3 (1.0) mg/l 0.018

20. Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l <0.01

21. Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

22. Selenium as Se 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

23. Cadmium as cd 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

24. Boron as B 1.0 (5.0) mg/l <0.01

25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 (0.001) mg/l <0.001

26. Lead as Pb 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

27. Silica as SiO2 --- mg/l Absent

28. Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l <0.01

29. Anionic detergents as MBAS 0.2 (1.0) mg/l <0.01

30. Total coliforms 10 (-) (MPN/100 ml) Absent

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.22

TABLE 3.3.8

GROUND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Sampling Location: Sarafpalli Month: May, 2015

S. NO. PARAMETER Standard as per IS: 10500

Desirable limit (Permissible limit)

UNIT SAMPLE

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Colour --- ---

2. pH 6.5 – 8.5 7.6

3. Turbidity 5 (10) NTU 1

4. Electrical Conductivity Limit not specified s/cm 830

5. Total Dissolved Solids 500 (2000) mg/l 534

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Total Hardness 300 (600) mg/l 287

7. Calcium Hardness 200 (200 as Ca) mg/l 179

8. Magnesium Hardness 30 (100 as Ca) mg/l 108

9. Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 147

10. Sulphates 200 (400) mg/l 84

11. Chlorides 250 (1000) mg/l 187

12. Nitrates as NO3 45 (45) mg/l 28

13. Fluoride as F 1.0/1.5 mg/l 0.6

14. Sodium as Na Limit not specified mg/l 32

15. Residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l <0.01

16. Cyanides as CN- 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

17. Phenols as C6H5OH 0.001 (0.002) mg/l Absent

18. Total chromium as Cr 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

19. Iron as Fe 0.3 (1.0) mg/l 0.020

20. Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l <0.01

21. Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

22. Selenium as Se 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

23. Cadmium as cd 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

24. Boron as B 1.0 (5.0) mg/l <0.01

25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 (0.001) mg/l <0.001

26. Lead as Pb 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

27. Silica as SiO2 --- mg/l Absent

28. Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l <0.01

29. Anionic detergents as MBAS 0.2 (1.0) mg/l <0.01

30. Total coliforms 10 (-) (MPN/100 ml) Absent

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.23

TABLE 3.3.9

GROUND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Sampling Location: Upparaguda Month: May, 2015

S.NO. PARAMETER Standard as per IS: 10500

Desirable limit (Permissible limit)

UNIT SAMPLE

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Colour --- ---

2. pH 6.5 – 8.5 7.4

3. Turbidity 5 (10) NTU 1

4. Electrical Conductivity Limit not specified s/cm 870

5. Total Dissolved Solids 500 (2000) mg/l 527

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Total Hardness 300 (600) mg/l 243

7. Calcium Hardness 200 (200 as Ca) mg/l 157

8. Magnesium Hardness 30 (100 as Ca) mg/l 86

9. Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 128

10. Sulphates 200 (400) mg/l 82

11. Chlorides 250 (1000) mg/l 187

12. Nitrates as NO3 45 (45) mg/l 22

13. Fluoride as F 1.0/1.5 mg/l 0.6

14. Sodium as Na Limit not specified mg/l 29

15. Residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l <0.01

16. Cyanides as CN- 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

17. Phenols as C6H5OH 0.001 (0.002) mg/l Absent

18. Total chromium as Cr 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

19. Iron as Fe 0.3 (1.0) mg/l 0.017

20. Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l <0.01

21. Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

22. Selenium as Se 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

23. Cadmium as cd 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

24. Boron as B 1.0 (5.0) mg/l <0.01

25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 (0.001) mg/l <0.001

26. Lead as Pb 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

27. Silica as SiO2 --- mg/l Absent

28. Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l <0.01

29. Anionic detergents as MBAS 0.2 (1.0) mg/l <0.01

30. Total coliforms 10 (-) (MPN/100 ml) Absent

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.24

TABLE 3.3.7

GROUND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Sampling Location: Sultanpur Month: May, 2015

S.NO. PARAMETER Standard as per IS: 10500

Desirable limit (Permissible limit)

UNIT SAMPLE

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Colour --- ---

2. pH 6.5 – 8.5 7.6

3. Turbidity 5 (10) NTU 1

4. Electrical Conductivity Limit not specified s/cm 835

5. Total Dissolved Solids 500 (2000) mg/l 541

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Total Hardness 300 (600) mg/l 286

7. Calcium Hardness 200 (200 as Ca) mg/l 189

8. Magnesium Hardness 30 (100 as Ca) mg/l 97

9. Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 142

10. Sulphates 200 (400) mg/l 96

11. Chlorides 250 (1000) mg/l 179

12. Nitrates as NO3 45 (45) mg/l 28

13. Fluoride as F 1.0/1.5 mg/l 0.6

14. Sodium as Na Limit not specified mg/l 37

15. Residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l <0.01

16. Cyanides as CN- 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

17. Phenols as C6H5OH 0.001 (0.002) mg/l Absent

18. Total chromium as Cr 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

19. Iron as Fe 0.3 (1.0) mg/l 0.01

20. Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l <0.01

21. Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

22. Selenium as Se 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

23. Cadmium as cd 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

24. Boron as B 1.0 (5.0) mg/l <0.01

25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 (0.001) mg/l <0.001

26. Lead as Pb 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

27. Silica as SiO2 --- mg/l Absent

28. Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l <0.01

29. Anionic detergents as MBAS 0.2 (1.0) mg/l <0.01

30. Total coliforms 10 (-) (MPN/100 ml) Absent

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.25

TABLE 3.3.8

GROUND WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS

Sampling Location: Bommareddiguem Month: May, 2015

S. NO. PARAMETER Standard as per IS: 10500

Desirable limit (Permissible limit)

UNIT SAMPLE

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1. Colour --- ---

2. pH 6.5 – 8.5 7.6

3. Turbidity 5 (10) NTU 1

4. Electrical Conductivity Limit not specified s/cm 798

5. Total Dissolved Solids 500 (2000) mg/l 539

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Total Hardness 300 (600) mg/l 249

7. Calcium Hardness 200 (200 as Ca) mg/l 148

8. Magnesium Hardness 30 (100 as Ca) mg/l 101

9. Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 142

10. Sulphates 200 (400) mg/l 94

11. Chlorides 250 (1000) mg/l 185

12. Nitrates as NO3 45 (45) mg/l 28

13. Fluoride as F 1.0/1.5 mg/l 0.5

14. Sodium as Na Limit not specified mg/l 28

15. Residual chlorine 0.2 mg/l <0.01

16. Cyanides as CN- 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

17. Phenols as C6H5OH 0.001 (0.002) mg/l Absent

18. Total chromium as Cr 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

19. Iron as Fe 0.3 (1.0) mg/l 0.015

20. Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l <0.01

21. Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

22. Selenium as Se 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

23. Cadmium as cd 0.01 (0.01) mg/l <0.01

24. Boron as B 1.0 (5.0) mg/l <0.01

25. Mercury as Hg 0.001 (0.001) mg/l <0.001

26. Lead as Pb 0.05 (0.05) mg/l <0.01

27. Silica as SiO2 --- mg/l Absent

28. Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l <0.01

29. Anionic detergents as MBAS 0.2 (1.0) mg/l <0.01

30. Total coliforms 10 (-) (MPN/100 ml) Absent

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.26

3.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Studies on land use aspects of eco system play an important role in identifying sensitive

issues and to take appropriate action by maintaining ecological homeostatic in the initial

stages of development of the Project. The basic objective of this part of the study is to

define the present environmental status and to evaluate all possible eventualities, to ensure

that all negative impacts are minimized.

3.4.1 MINERAL RESERVES

There are no mineral reserves in the study area.

3.4.2 SEISMIC EFFECT

The project site falls in zone-II of Seismic Zone classification of India.

3.4.3 LAND USE PATTERN

The following is the land use pattern within 10 Km radius of the project site.

S.No. LANDUSE AREA IN S.Q Km. PERCENTAGE

1. BUILT UP LAND A. Settlements B Industrial area

15.386 5.966

4.9 1.9

2. WATERBODIES Tank/River/etc.

36.424 11.6

3. FOREST A. Scrub forest

18.526

5.9

4. CROP LAND A. Single crop B. Double crop C. Plantation

150.092 50.554 2.512

47.8 16.1 0.8

5. WASTELANDS A. Land with scrub B. Land without scrub C. Stone quarry D. Stony waste area

10.048 13.502 2.826 8.164

3.2 4.3 0.9 2.6

TOTAL 314 100

The Land Use and Land Cover map based Satellite Imagery is shown in Fig 3.5.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.27

Fig : 3.5

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.28

Fig : 3.6

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.29

3.4.4 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

Eight soil samples were collected and for analyzed for various parameters like texture,

infiltration rate, bulk density, pH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Mn etc. The soil sampling locations and

their distances from the proposed Project site are shown in Table 3.4.1. and in Fig 3.7. The

soil characteristics at various sampling stations are shown in Table No. 3.4.2.

TABLE 3.4.1

SOIL QUALITY SAMPLING STATIONS

S.No STATION DIRECTION DISTANCE (in Kms.)

CATEGORY OF AREA

S1 Project site -- -- Industrial

S2 Posanipalli N 0.8 Residential

S3 Chatkur NE 1.9 Residential

S4 Lakshmisagar NW 2.8 Residential

S5 Sarafpalli SE 2.4 Residential

S6 Upparaguda S 1.7 Residential

S7 Sultanpur SE 3.0 Residential

S8 Bommareddiguem W 2.3 Residential

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.30

FIG : 3.7

Project site

S2 S3

S4

S8

S7

S5

S6

S1

TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP SHOWING SOIL SAMPLING STATIONS

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.31

TABLE 3.4.2 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS

S.No Parameter Units Sampling Locations

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8

1. Bulk Density g/cc 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5

2. Infiltration rate cm/sec 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5

3. pH --- 7.6 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.5

4. Soil type --- Sandy Sandy Sandy

Loam

Sandy

loamy

Sandy Sandy Sandy

loamy

sandy

5. Calcium mg/100 gm 852 836 814 798 854 841 845 848

6. Electrical Conductivity µS/cm 125 120 114 122 128 135 121 132

7. Nitrogen Kg/Ha 223 234 254 247 228 245 238 229

8. Potash Kg/Ha 78 79 83 85 79 81 76 93

9. Available

Phosphorous as P2O5

Kg/Ha 21 22 19 18 21 22 19 23

10. Mn mg/100 gm BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

11. Zn mg/100 gm BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

12. Pb mg/100 gm BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.32

3.4.5 GEOLOGICAL & HYDROGEOLOGICAL STATUS OF STUDY AREA (TOR # 47) The entire district is covered by hard rock except for 0.2% of the alluvium area. Ground water

occurs under unconfined to confined conditions in hard rock (Archaean and Deccan traps ages) and

recent alluvial formations. The common ground water abstraction structures are dug wells, dug-

cum-bore wells and bore wells and their yields mainly depending on the recharge conditions in the

area. Yield potential of the aquifers in the consolidated rocks varies widely from 3 to 7 lps. Due to

indiscriminate drilling of bore wells, the yields have fallen drastically, lack of recharge to fracture

confined aquifer and existing borewells becoming to defunct and even leading to failure.

ARCHAEAN CRYSTALLINE FORMATIONS Ground water is one of the important sources both for domestic and irrigation purposes in the

District and is being exploited through large diameter dug wells, dug-cum bore wells and bore wells.

In the Archaeans, ground water occurs under phreatic conditions, but it is desaturated and under

semi- confined conditions in the fractured zones. The depth of weathering varies between 5.5 and

15 m bgl. The yield of Extension bores down to a depth of 20 to 30 m in the dug wells, ranges from

0.17 to 0.3 litres per second (lps). The yields of irrigation dug wells range between 40 and 135

cu.m/day sustaining 1 to 5 hrs of pumping in a day. The depth of irrigation bore wells ranges

between 20 to 45m yielding 1.5 to 75 cu.m/day. In weathered granite (mostly dry) and alluvium,

the transmissivity values ranges from 100 to 150 sq.m/day and the specific capacity ranges from

0.005 to 0.16 cu.m/m per unit cross-section.

Deccan Traps (Basalt & Laterite rocks) Basalts and laterites occupy about 20% of the area and ground water occurs under water table and

semi-confined conditions in joints, fractures. The density/intensity of fractures and joints play a

major role in movement and occurrence of ground water. The depth of open wells tapping laterites

and weathered basalts varies from 20 to 30m with yields varying from 5 to 20 cu.m/day

The wells are capable of sustaining 2 to 5hrs of pumping with an average discharge of 14400 lph.

The yield of bore wells constructed down to the depth of 50 to 100 m vary from 400 to 10,800 lph.

Higher yields of more than 20,000 lph was reported from bore wells located in laterites of

Zahirabad and Narayankhed areas. Further, the wells tapping the inter-trappean and intra-trappens

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.33

beds are also yielding higher discharges. The transmissivity values of these formations range

between 10 and 100 m2/day. The depth of wells, constructed by CGWB under Canadian Assisted

Ground Water Project, ranges from 48.50 to 193.0 m and the discharge varies from meager to 50.0

lps. The fracture zones are mostly confined upto 75 to 100 m bgl. Occasional occurrence of deeper

fractures of more than 100 m rare and noticed at places (Bibipet and Ramreddypet villages). The

yield of the bore wells ranges from meager to 9 lps (Bibipet). The transmissivity of these wells varies

from 15 to 68 sq.m/day.

Alluvium Alluvial aquifers are very limited in extent and occur on either side of the Haldi, Nakkavagu and

Mantru streams along a narrow strip. The development of ground water in these alluvial tracts is

through shallow dug wells and filter points with depth ranges from 3.5 to 10 m. The yield of these

wells ranges from 5000 to 15,000 lph. The transmissiivty values ranges from 80 to 110 sq.m/day.

Pre-monsoon The depth to water level varies from a minimum of 3.85 m.bgl (Medikonda) to a maximum of

21.00m.bgl (Kohir). Most of the area is having water levels below 5 mbgl. Water levels ranges from

5-10m and above 10m water levels in Zahirabad, Kohir, Sangareddy and Kondapuram

Post-monsoon The depth to water level during post-monsoon ranges from a minimum of 0.98 m.bgl (Peroor) to

maximum of 22.65 m bgl (Melchelma). Water levels of less than 2m were recorded at North-

western parts of the district. The water levels of less than 10 m bgl cover the maximum area of the

district.

Water Level Fluctuation The water level fluctuation between pre-monsoon and post-monsoon ranges between 0.00 to

7.88m. The majority of the area shows rise in the range of 2-4m

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.34

Long Term Water Levels Decline in water levels during pre-monsoon is noticed in 75% of the wells while 25% of wells show

rise in water levels during the last decade (1996- 2005). The decline in water levels varies between

1.06 to 5.19 metres. Rise in water levels occurred in the eastern part of the district.

The analysis of post-monsoon water levels (1996-2005) shows that there is a decline in 77% of the

wells while 23% show rise in water levels. The water level decline varies from 0.19 to 6.62 m

HYDROGEOLOGY – MEDAK DISTRICT

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.35

3.5. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (TOR # 54) The land acquired for the proposed Distillery unit is a cropland. It was under cultivation of dry rain

fed crops of Red gram, Cotton, Castor and Sunflower. Other than annual and perennial weeds

associated with crops, there are no plantations or trees within the core area except for a couple of

Neem trees (Azadirachta indica) along the boundary. A list of plants in land identified for the

proposed Distillery unit is given in Table 3.5.1. It may be noted from the list that there are no rare

or endangered or threatened plants in the core area. They are mostly weeds.

Table 3.5.1 List of plants found in the project area

Scientific name Common / Local name Family

Abutilon indicum Tuttara benda Malvaceae

Acalypha indica Kuppinta Euphorbiaceae

Achyranthes aspera Uttareni Amaranthaceae

Aerva tomentosa Desert cotton Amaranthaceae

Aeschynomene indica Budda Pea Fabaceae

Ageratum conyzoides Goat weed Asteraceae

Allamania longepedunculata Pedda brabadiaaku Amaranthaceae

Alloteropsis cimicina Blue seed grass Poaceae

Alternanthera pungens Mulla gutti Amaranthaceae

Alternanthera sessilis Ponnaganti Amaranthaceae

Alysicarpus monilifer Alyce Clover Fabaceae

Amaranthus spinosus Mulla thotakura Amaranthaceae

Amaranthus viridis Chiri thotakura Amaranthaceae

Andrographis echioides Creat Acanthaceae

Argemone mexicana Mexican Poppy Papaveraceae

Aristida depressa Grass Poaceae

Aristida hystrix Grass Poaceae

Aristida setacea Cheepuru gaddi Poaceae

Aristolochia bracteata Gadida gadapa Aristolochiaceae

Asystasia gangetica Chinese violet Acanthaceae

Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae

Biophytum sensitivum Lajalu Geraniaceae

Blepharis repens Red barleria Acanthaceae

Project Site

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.36

Scientific name Common / Local name Family

Blepharis molluginifolia Creeping blepharis Acanthaceae

Blumea virens Kakronda Asteraceae

Boerhaavia diffusa Punernava Nyctaginaceae

Borreria hispida Shaggy button weed Rubiaceae

Bothriochloa pertusa Indian blue grass Poaceae

Brachiaria reptans Creeping grass Poaceae

Bulbostylis barbata Water grass Cyperaceae

Cajanus cajan Red gram Fabaceae

Calotropis gigantea Tella Jilledu Asclepiadaceae

Calotropis procera Jilledu Asclepiadaceae

Cassia auriculata Tangedu Caesalpiniaceae

Cassia occidentalis Coffee weed Caesalpinaceae

Cassia tora Sickle senna Caesalpinaceae

Celosia cristata Cockscomb Amaranthaceae

Cenchrus ciliaris Buffel grass Poaceae

Chloris barbata Swollen finger grass Poaceae

Chrysopogon fulvus Guria grass Poaceae

Cissus quadrangularis Nalleru Ampelidaceae

Citrullus colocynthis Verri putcha Cucurbitaceae

Cleome aspera Wild mustard Capparidaceae

Cleome gynandra Spider flower Capparidaceae

Cleome viscosa Kuppinta Capparidaceae

Commelina benghalensis Bengal day flower Commelinaceae

Commelina undulata Long leaved day flower Commelinaceae

Conyza stricta Fleabane Asteraceae

Corchorus aestuans Jute Tiliaceae

Crotalaria prostrata Prostrate rattle pod Fabaceae

Crotalaria verrucosa Blue rattle pod Fabaceae

Croton bonplandianum Ban tulsi Euphorbiaceae

Cyanotis axillare Golla gondi Commelinaceae

Cyanotis cristata Golla gondi Commelinaceae

Cymbopogon coloratus Kamanchi gaddi Poaceae

Cymbopogon caesius Bodha gaddi Poaceae

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.37

Scientific name Common / Local name Family

Cynodon dactylon Garika gaddi Poaceae

Cyperus aristatus Flat sedge Cyperaceae

Cyperus iria Umbrella sedge Cyperaceae

Cyperus rotundus Tunga gaddi Cyperaceae

Dactyloctnium aegyptium Crow foot grass Poaceae

Desmodium gangeticum Sal leaved Desmodium Fabaceae

Desmodium triflorum Telegraphic plant Fabaceae

Dichanthium annulatum Marvel grass Poaceae

Digera arvensis False Amaranth Amaranthaceae

Digitaria ciliaris Crab grass Poaceae

Digitaria setigera Finger grass Poaceae

Digitaria tomentosa Hairy crab grass Poaceae

Dinebra retroflexa Viper grass Poaceae

Echinochloa colona Jungle rice Poaceae

Eclipta alba Guntakalakara Asteraceae

Eclipta prostrata Guntakalakara Asteraceae

Eleusine indica Goose grass Poaceae

Emilia sonchifolia Red Tassel flower Asteraceae

Eragrostis gangetica Slim flower grass Poaceae

Eragrostis maderaspatana Love grass Poaceae

Eragrostis tenella Feathery love grass Poaceae

Eremopogon foveolatus Brahman grass Poaceae

Euphorbia hirta Asthma weed Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia thymifolia Hairy spurge Euphorbiaceae

Evolvulus alsinoides Vishnukranti Convolvulaceae

Fimbristylis acuminata Sedge Cyperaceae

Fimbristylis dichotoma Fringe sedge Cyperaceae

Gomphrena globosa Globe Amaranth Amaranthaceae

Gossypium barbadense Cotton Malvaceae

Gossypium herbaceum Cotton Malvaceae

Heliotropium indicum Indian Heliotrope Boraginaceae

Heteropogon contortus Spear grass Poaceae

Hyptis suaveolens Sirna Tulasi Lamiaceae

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.38

Scientific name Common / Local name Family

Indigofera enneaphylla Birdsville indigo Fabaceae

Indigofera linifolia Narrow leaf Indigo Fabaceae

Indigofera prostrata Prostrate Indigo Fabaceae

Ipomea purpurea Purple Ipomoea Convolvulaceae

Ipomoea carnea Bush Morning Glory Convolvulaceae

Iseilema laxum Musal grass Poaceae

Iseilema prostratum Musal grass Poaceae

Jatropha gossypifolia Wild Castor Euphorbiaceae

Justicia procumbens Water Willow Acanthaceae

Kyllinga triceps Nirvishi Cyperaceae

Leptochloa chinensis Chinese sprangletop Poaceae

Leucas aspera Tummi Lamiaceae

Malvastrum coromandelianum False Mallow Malvaceae

Marremia emarginata Yeluka Juvvi Convolvulaceae

Mimosa pudica Touch -me -not Mimosaceae

Mollugo nudicaulis Naked stem carpet weed Aizoaceae

Mollugo pentaphylla Five leaved carpet weed Aizoaceae

Neptunia triquetra Lajjavathi Mimosaceae

Ocimum americanum Kukka Tulasi Lamiaceae

Ocimum sanctum Tulasi Lamiaceae

Oldenlandia corymbosa Diamond flower Rubiaceae

Oldenlandia herbacea Slender Oldenlandia Rubiaceae

Oldenlandia umbellata Choy root Rubiaceae

Oxalis corniculata Creeping Wood sorrel Oxalidaceae

Panicum psilopodium Little millet Poaceae

Panicum repens Torpedo grass Poaceae

Parthenium hysterophorus Congress grass Asteraceae

Peristrophe bicalyculata Panicled Peristrophe Acanthaceae

Phaseolus trilobus Pilli pesara Fabaceae

Phyllanthus amarus Nela usiri Euphorbiaceae

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Madras Leaf Flower Euphorbiaceae

Physalis minima Cape Gooseberry Solanaceae

Polycarpaea corymbosa Old man’s cap Caryophyllaceae

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.39

Scientific name Common / Local name Family

Polygala chinensis Indian Milkwort Polygalaceae

Polygala elongata Narrow leaved Milkwort Polygalaceae

Portulaca oleraceae Pigweed Portulacaceae

Prosopis juliflora English Thumma Mimosaceae

Rhynchosia minima Least snout bean Fabaceae

Ruellia tuberosa Ruellia Acanthaceae

Rungia repens Creeping Rungia Acanthaceae

Senna uniflora Stinking weed Caesalpiniaceae

Sesbania aculeata Prickly Sesban Fabaceae

Sesbania procumbens Jeeluga Fabaceae

Setaria tomentosa Fox tail millet Poaceae

Sida acuta Morning Mallow Malvaceae

Sida cordifolia Heart leaf Sida Malvaceae

Sida rhombifolia Indian Hemp Malvaceae

Solanum xanthocarpum Mullavanga Solanaceae

Sporobolus indicus Smut grass Poaceae

Striga angustifolia Witchweed Scrophulariaceae

Tephrosia hirta China Vempali Fabaceae

Tephrosia procumbens Nela Vempali Fabaceae

Trainthema portulacastrum Atikamamidaku Ficoidaceae

Tribulus terrestris Palleru Zygophyllaceae

Trichodesma indicum Indian Borage Boraginaceae

Tridax procumbens Gaddipoolu Asteraceae

Urochloa panicoides Liver seed grass Poaceae

Urochloa reptans Sprawling signal grass Poaceae

Vitex negundo Nirgundi Verbenaceae

Waltheria indica Sleepy morning Sterculiaceae

Withania somnifera Indian Ginseng Solanaceae

Xanthium strumarium Rough Cocklebur Asteraceae

Ziziphus nummularia Regu Rhamnaceae

Zornia gibbosa Grass like Zornia Fabaceae

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.40

Vegetation and Flora of the buffer zone: A survey of the land use and land cover of the buffer zone reveals the presence of croplands,

reserve forests, barren hillocks, wastelands, Manjira River and Reservoir. But there are no Wildlife

sanctuaries or National parks or biosphere reserves or other protected areas such as Important Bird

Areas (IBAs) within the 10 Km buffer zone. But Manjra Wildlife Sanctuary is at a distance of 10.1

Kms from the project site boundary. Chatkuri reserved forest is located toward the west of the core

area. One block of Chatkuri reserved forest is represented mostly by Subabul (Leucaena

leucocephala) and another block by Eucalyptus plantation. Though these forest blocks look more

like social forests, they are considered as forests in accordance with the Hon’ble Supreme Court

landmark judgment dated 12/12/1996 in WP (Civil) 202/1995 (Godavarman Thirumalpad vs Union

of India and others) defining the scope of ‘forest’ and ‘forest land’. Still there are many forests

elements within these reserve forests though they are now limited to ground level.

Except for the Manjira River and Singur Reservoir which are a home for Marsh or Mugger Crocodiles

(Crocodylus palustris), there are no ecologically sensitive areas in the buffer zone. Ipomea carnea

(local name “Besharam” means shameless) was most extensive all along the canals, road sides, and

river sides and along the banks of the reservoir. Cassia auriculata, Calotropis gigantea, Calotropis

procera, Senna uniflora, Parthenium hysterophorus and Hyptis suaveolens were most abundant,

dominant and widespread in all wastelands. Prosopis juliflora was the most common thorny bush

everywhere even along the banks of the reservoir. All common avenue trees and fruit trees are

represented. Besides plantations of Eucalyptus and Subabul, Mango orchards are also fairly

common. A list of trees and shrubs found in the buffer zone is given in Table 3.5.2.

Table 3.5.2 List of trees, shrubs and perennial climbers found in the buffer zone

Latin name Vernacular name Family

Acacia auriculiformis Australian Wattle Mimosaceae

Acacia caesia Kirintha Mimosaceae

Acacia farnesiana Muriki thumma Mimosaceae

Acacia leucophloea Tella tumma Mimosaceae

Acacia nilotica Nalla tumma Mimosaceae

Acacia planifrons Godugu Thumma Mimosaceae

Acacia sundra Sundra Mimosaceae

Acacia holosericea Silver leaf Wattle Mimosaceae

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.41

Latin name Vernacular name Family

Acaia horrida Parikithumma Mimosaceae

Aegle marmelos Maredu Rutaceae

Ailanthus excelsa Peddamaanu Simaroubaceae

Alangium salvifolium Ooduga Alangiaceae

Albizia lebbek Dirisanam Mimosaceae

Alhagi camelorum Camel thorn Fabaceae

Annona squamosa Custard apple Annonaceae

Azadirachta indica Vepa Meliaceae

Azima tetracantha Tella Uppili Salvadoraceae

Bauhinia racemosa Aare chettu Caesalpiniaceae

Bauhinia variagata Mandari Caesalpiniaceae

Benkara malabarica Pedda manga Rubiaceae

Bombax ceiba Booruga Bombacaceae

Borassus flabellifer Taati / Taadi Araceae

Breynia retusa Chinna purugudu Euphorbiaceae

Breynia vitis-ideae, Nalla purugudu Euphorbiaceae

Butea monosperma Modugu Fabaceae

Callistemon citrinus Indian bottle brush tree Myrtaceae

Calotropis gigantea Tella Jilledu Asclepiadaceae

Calotropis procera Jilledu Asclepiadaceae

Canthium dicoccum Nalla balusu Rubiaceae

Canthium parviflorum Balusu Rubiaceae

Carissa spinarum Kalivi / Vaaka Apocynaceae

Cascabela thevetia Patcha ganneru Apocynaceae

Cassia auriculata Tangedu Caesalpiniaceae

Cassia fistula Rela Caesalpiniaceae

Catunaregam spinosa Manga / Chinna manga Rubiaceae

Chloroxylon sweitenia Billudu Flindarsiaceae

Chromolaena odorata Siam weed Asteraceae

Cissus vitiginea Adavi Gummadi Vitaceae

Cocos nucifera Coconut Araceae

Cordia dichotoma Bankiriki Cordiaceae

Cosmostigma racemosum Adavitamalapaaku Apocynaceae

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.42

Latin name Vernacular name Family

Dalbergia sisso Sisso or Seesum Caesalpiniaceae

Decalepis hahiltonii Maredu kommulu Periplocaceae

Dendrocalamus strictus Bamboo / Veduru Poaceae

Desmodium pulchellum Deyyapu mokka Fabaceae

Dichrostachys cinerea Sara Thumma Mimosaceae

Diospyros chloroxylon Ulinda Ebenaceae

Diospyros melanoxylon Tunki Fabaceae

Dodonaea viscosa Bandedu Sapindaceae

Erythroxylon monogynum Dedaraaku Erythroxylaceae

Eucalyptus tereticornis Eucalyptus Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus hybrid Eucalyptus / Nilagiri Myrtaceae

Euphorbia antiquorum Bontha jemudu Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia caducifolia Katte jemudu Euphorbiaceae

Ficus benghalensis Marri Moraceae

Ficus racemosa Medi Moraceae

Ficus religiosa Raavi Moraceae

Glycomis mauritiana Tanaka Rutaceae

Grewia flavescens Jaana Tiliaceae

Grewia hirsuta Jaani Chettu Tiliaceae

Grewia obtusa Jaana Tiliaceae

Grewia orbiculata Pedda Jaani Tiliaceae

Grewia tilliaefolia Pedda Jaana Tiliaceae

Grewia villosa Bantha Tiliaceae

Hardwickia binata Yepi Caesalpiniaceae

Hemidemus indicus Sugandhapala Periplocaceae

Holoptelia integrifolia Nemali naara Ulmaceae

Ipomoea carnea Besharam Convolvulaceae

Lagerstroemia parviflora Chennangi Lythraceae

Lantana camara Lantana Verbenaceae

Leptadenia reticulata Mukkupala Teega Asclepiadaceae

Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Mimosaceae

Limonia acidissima Velaga Rutaceae

Mangifera indica Mamidi Anacardiaceae

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.43

Latin name Vernacular name Family

Maytenus emerginata Danti Celastraceae

Mimosa polyancistra Thumma Mimosaceae

Mimosa rubicaulis Pariki kampa Mimosaceae

Mimosops elengi Pogada Sapotaceae

Morinda pubescens Togaru Rubiaceae

Moringa olivaefera Munaga Moringaceae

Muntingia calabura Wild cherry Elaeocarpaceae

Parkinsonia aculeata Jeeluga Mimosaceae

Parkinsonia aculeata Jeeluga Widespread

Peltophorum pterocarpum Konda chinta Caesalpiniaceae

Pergularia daemia Dustapa teega Asclepiadaceae

Phoenix sylvestris Eetha Araceae

Phyllanthus emblica Usiri Euphorbiaceae

Phyllanthus reticulates Pulasari / Puliseru Euphorbiaceae

Pithecellobium dulce Seema chinta Mimosaceae

Plumeria alba Tella devaganneru Apocynaceae

Plumeria rubra Erra devaganneru Apocynaceae

Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka Annonaceae

Polyalthia pendula Asoka Annonaceae

Pongamia pinnata Ganuga Fabaceae

Prosopis juliflora English tumma Mimosaceae

Prosopis spicigera Jammi chettu Mimosaceae

Rauwolfia tetraphylla Bara Chandrika Apocynaceae

Samanea saman Nidrabhangi Mimosaceae

Sapindus emarginatus Kunkundu Sapindaceae

Spathodea companulata Flame of the forest Bignoniaceae

Sterculia foetida Adavi badam Sterculiaceae

Syzygium cumini Neradu Myrtaceae

Tamarindus indica Chinta Caesalpiniaceae

Tecoma stanns Patcha turai Bignoniaceae

Tectona grandis Teak / Teku Verbenaceae

Tarenna asiatica Kommi Rubiaceae

Terminalia arjuna Tella maddi Combretaceae

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.44

Latin name Vernacular name Family

Thespecia populnea Ganga Raavi Malvaceae

Tylophora indica Kukkapala teega Asclepiadaceae

Vitex negundo Vaavili Verbenaceae

Wattakaka volubilis Tummudu teega Asclepiadaceae

Ziziphus mauritiana Regu / Ber Rhamnaceae

Ziziphus nummularia Nela Regu Rhamnaceae

Ziziphus rugosas Gotti kampa Rhamnaceae

The herbaceous flora was represented by palatable and non-palatable weeds represented by

Hyptis suaveolens, Parthenium hysterophorus, Celosia argentia, Sida acuta, Cassia occidentalis,

Cassia tora, Cleome viscosa, Heliotropium indicum, Croton bonplandianum, Amaranthus spinosus

and Cassia occidentalis. Cymbopogon coloratus, Heteropogon contortus, Erempogon foeveolatus,

Dicanthium annulatus, Digera arvensis, Chloris barbata, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Iseilema laxum,

Andrographis echinoids etc were common in association with trees and shrubs. Forest grasses of

Heteropogon contortus, Cymbopogon coloratus, Cymbopogon caesius, Aristida setacea, Aristida

funiculatus, Chrysopogon fulvus, Chrysopogon verticillatus, Polycarpaea aurea, Polycarpaea

corymbosa, Indigofera astragalina, Indigofera glabra, Cassia absus, Digitaria stricta, Dinebra

retroflexus, Perotis indica etc were predominant in all wastelands and grazing lands. A list of

herbs and herbaceous species including graminoids found in the buffer zone is given in Table 3.5.3.

A survey of available literature as well as the present study indicates that there were no rare or

endangered or endemic or threatened (REET) species either in the project area. On the other

hand, most species were quite common and widely distributed in different areas of India.

Table 3.5.3

List of herbs and herbaceous plant resources found in the project area

Name of species Family Importance

Abelmoschus esculentus Malvaceae Vegetable

Abutilon crispum Malvaceae Non palatable weed

Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Non palatable weed

Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae Medicinal

Acalypha lanceolata Euphorbiaceae Non palatable weed

Acalypha paniculata Euphorbiaceae Non palatable weed

Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Medicinal

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.45

Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Medicinal

Aerva lanata Amaranthaceae Medicinal

Aerva tomentosa Amaranthaceae Medicinal

Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae Non palatable weed

Allamania longepedunculata Amaranthaceae Fodder

Alloteropsis cimicina Poaceae Fodder

Alternanthera pungens Amaranthaceae Leafy vegetable

Alternanthera traindra Amaranthaceae Leafy vegetable

Alysicarpus longifolius Fabaceae Fodder legume

Alysicarpus monilifer Fabaceae Fodder legume

Alysicarpus vaginalis Fabaceae Fodder legume

Amaranthus polygamus Amaranthaceae Leafy vegetable

Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae Non palatable weed

Amaranthus tricolor Amaranthaceae Grown as an ornamental

Amaranthus viridis Amaranthaceae Non palatable weed

Ammania baccifera Lythraceae Medicinal

Andrographis echioides Acanthaceae Fodder

Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae Medicinal

Antigonon leptopus Polygalaceae Wild ornamental climber

Argemone mexicana Papaveraceae Medicinal

Aristida depressa Poaceae Palatable when young

Aristida hystrix Poaceae Palatable when young

Aristida setacea Poaceae Broom grass

Aristolochia bracteata Aristolochiaceae Medicinal

Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae Medicinal

Aschynomene indica Fabaceae Fodder legume

Asystasia gangetica Acanthaceae Medicinal

Barleria cristata Acanthaceae Wild prickly ornamental

Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae Grown as an ornamental

Biophytum sensitivum Geraniaceae Medicinal

Blepharis repens Acanthaceae Fodder

Blepharis molluginifolia Acanthaceae Fodder

Blumea virens Asteraceae Non palatable winter weed

Boerhaavia chinensis Nyctaginaceae Fodder

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Boerhaavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Medicinal

Borreria hispida Rubiaceae Fodder

Bothriochloa pertusa Poaceae Indian blue grass

Brachiaria reptans Poaceae Fodder

Bulbostylis barbata Cyperaceae Fodder

Cajanus cajan Fabaceae Red gram

Capsicum frutescens Solanaceae Chillies

Cassia occidentalis Caesalpinaceae Non palatable legume

Cassia tora Caesalpinaceae Non palatable legume

Cassytha filiformis Lauraceae Medicinal

Catharanthus roseus Apocyanaceae Medicinal

Celosia cristata Amaranthaceae Fodder

Cenchrus ciliaris Poaceae Fodder

Centella asiatica Umbelliferae Medicinal

Chloris barbata Poaceae Swollen finger grass

Chrysopogon fulvus Poaceae Fodder

Cissus quadrangularis Ampelidaceae Medicinal

Citrullus colocynthis Cucurbitaceae Medicinal

Citrullus vulgaris Cucurbitaceae Edible fruit

Cleome aspera Capparidaceae Non-palatable weed

Cleome gynandra Capparidaceae Non-palatable weed

Cleome monophylla Capparidaceae Non-palatable weed

Cleome viscosa Capparidaceae Non-palatable weed

Clitoria ternatea Fabaceae Medicinal

Coccinia cordifolia Cucurbitaceae Medicinal

Commelina benghalensis Commelinaceae Fodder

Commenlina undulata Commelinaceae Fodder

Conyza stricta Asteraceae Non-palatable weed

Corchorus aestuaans Tiliaceae Fodder

Corchorus tridens Tiliaceae Fodder

Corchorus trilocularis Tiliaceae Fodder

Coriandrum sativum Umbelliferae Coriander

Cosmos bipinnatus Asteraceae Ornamental

Cressa cretica Convolvulaceae Non-palatable weed

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Crinum asiticum Amaryllidaceae Ornamental

Crotalaria medicaginea Fabaceae Medicinal

Crotalaria paniculta Fabaceae Medicinal

Crotalaria prostrata Fabaceae Fodder

Crotalaria verrucosa Fabaceae Medicinal

Croton bonplandianum Euphorbiaceae Non-palatable weed

Cuscuta chinensis Lythraceae Stem parasite

Cyanotis axillare Commelinaceae Weed

Cyanotis cristata Commelinaceae Weed

Cymbopogon coloratus Poaceae Kamanchi gaddi

Cymbopogon caesius Poaceae Bodha gaddi

Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Garika gaddi

Cyperus aristatus Cyperaceae Fodder

Cyperus iria Cyperaceae Fodder

Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae Notorious weed

Dactyloctnium aegyptium Poaceae Fodder

Datura innoxia Solanaceae Medicinal

Datura metel Solanaceae Medicinal

Desmodium gangeticum Fabaceae Non palatable weed

Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae Palatable weed

Dichanthium annulatum Poaceae Marvel grass

Digera arvensis Amaranthaceae Palatable fodder

Digitaria ciliaris Poaceae Fodder

Digitaria setigera Poaceae Fodder

Digitaria tomentosa Poaceae Fodder

Dinebra retroflexa Poaceae Fodder

Dolichos biflorus Fabaceae Palatable fodder

Dolichos lablab Fabaceae Horse gram

Duranta repens Verbenaceae Grown as a hedge plant

Echinochloa colona Poaceae Weed and fodder

Eclipta alba Asteraceae Medicinal

Eclipta prostrata Asteraceae Medicinal

Eleusine indica Poaceae Fodder

Emilia sonchifolia Asteraceae Fodder

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Enicostemma hyssopifolium Gentianaceae Medicinal

Eragrostis gangetica Poaceae Slim flower grass

Eragrostis maderaspatana Poaceae Love grass

Eragrostis tenella Poaceae Feathery love grass

Eremopogon foveolatus Poaceae Brahman grass

Euphorbia heterophylla Euphorbiaceae Ornamental

Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Fodder

Euphorbia pulcherrima Euphorbiaceae Ornamental

Euphorbia thymifolia Euphorbiaceae Fodder

Evolvulus alsinoides Convolvulaceae Medicinal and fodder

Evolvulus nummularis Convolvulaceae Fodder

Fimbristylis acuminata Cyperaceae Sedge

Fimbristylis dichotoma Cyperaceae Fodder

Glycine javanica Fabaceae Medicinal

Gomphrena decumbens Amaranthaceae Fodder

Gomphrena globosa Amaranthaceae Fodder

Gossypium arboretum Malvaceae Cotton

Gossypium barbadense Malvaceae Cotton

Gossypium herbaceum Malvaceae Cotton

Heliotropium curassavicum Boraginaceae Medicinal

Heliotropium indicum Boraginaceae Medicinal

Heliotropium ovalifolium Boraginaceae Non-palatable Weed

Heteropogon contortus Poaceae Palatable when young

Hibiscus micranthus Malvaceae Medicinal and ornamental

Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae Non-palatable aggressive weed

Impatiens balsamiana Balsamiaceae Ornamental

Indigofera enneaphylla Fabaceae Palatable legume

Indigofera linifolia Fabaceae Palatable legume

Indigofera prostrata Fabaceae Palatable legume

Indigofera pulchella Fabaceae Non-palatable legume

Indigofera viscosa Fabaceae Non-palatable legume

Ipomea nil Convolvulaceae Twining shrub in forests

Ipomea purpurea Convolvulaceae Perennial semi aquatic weed

Ipomoea eriocarpa Convolvulaceae Slender climber

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Ipomoea angulata Convolvulaceae Perennial semi aquatic weed

Iseilema laxum Poaceae Fodder

Iseilema prostratum Poaceae Fodder

Jasminum grandiflorum Oleaceae Ornamental with scented flowers Jasminum rigidum Oleaceae Ornamental with scented flowers Jasminum sambac Oleaceae Ornamental with scented flowers Jatropha gossypifolia Euphorbiaceae Medicinal

Justica glauca Acanthaceae Common and grazed

Justica micrantha Acanthaceae Common and grazed

Justica procumbens Acanthaceae Common and grazed

Justica prostrata Acanthaceae Common and grazed

Justica simplex Acanthaceae Common and grazed

Justica trinervia Acanthaceae Common and grazed

Kyllinga triceps Cyperaceae Fodder

Leptochloa chinensis Poaceae Fodder

Leucas aspera Lamiaceae Medicinal weed

Leucas hirta Lamiaceae Weed

Leucas lanata Lamiaceae Weed

Malvastrum coromandelianum

Malvaceae Non palatable weed

Marremia emarginata Convolvulaceae Soil binding runner

Merremia tridentata Convolvulaceae Medicinal

Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae Medicinal

Mollugo nudicaulis Aizoaceae Weed

Mollugo pentaphylla Aizoaceae Weed

Neptunia indicum Mimosaceae Weed

Neptunia triquetra Mimosaceae Weed

Ocimum americanum Lamiaceae Aromatic medicinal

Ocimum basillicum Lamiaceae Aromatic medicinal

Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae Aromatic medicinal

Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Aromatic medicinal

Oldenlandia corymbosa Rubiaceae Fodder

Oldenlandia herbaceae Rubiaceae Fodder

Oldenlandia umbellata Rubiaceae Fodder

Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Fodder and vegetable

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Oxalis latifolia Oxalidaceae Fodder and vegetable

Panicum psilopodium Poaceae Fodder

Panicum repens Poaceae Fodder

Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae Notorious allergic weed

Peristrophe bicalyculata Acanthaceae Weed

Phaseolus aconitifolius Fabaceae Fodder legume

Phaseolus sublobatus Fabaceae Fodder legume

Phaseolus trilobus Fabaceae Fodder legume

Phyllanthus amarus Euphorbiaceae Medicinal

Phyllanthus simplex Euphorbiaceae Fodder

Phyllathus maderaspatensis Euphorbiaceae Fodder

Physalis minima Solanaceae Fodder and medicinal

Polycarpaea corymbosa Caryophyllaceae Medicinal

Polygala chinensis Polygalaceae Medicinal

Polygala eiroptera Polygalaceae Fodder

Polygala elongata Polygalaceae Fodder

Polygala persicariaefolia Polygalaceae Medicinal

Portulaca grandiflora Portulacaceae Ornamental

Portulaca oleraceae Portulacaceae Ornamental

Portulaca quadrifida Portulacaceae Fodder

Rhynchosia mimima Fabaceae Slender palatable climber

Rhynchosia suaveolens Fabaceae Non-palatable legume

Rothia trifoliata Fabaceae Fodder

Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae Very widespread plant with attractive flowers Rungia repens Acanthaceae Fodder

Sanseveria roxburghiana Liliaceae Medicinal

Scilla indica Liliaceae Non-edible bulbs

Scoparia dulcis Scrophulariaceae Medicinal

Senna uniflora Caesalpiniaceae Most abundant weed

Sesbania aculeata Fabaceae Green manure

Sesbania procumbens Fabaceae Green manure

Setaria tomentosa Poaceae Fox tail millet

Sida acuta Malvaceae Non-palatable weed

Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Non-palatable weed

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Sida rhombifolia Malvaceae Non-palatable weed

Solanum anguivi Solanaceae Medicinal

Solanum melongena Solanaceae Wild egg plant – medicinal

Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Egg plant – vegetable

Solanum xanthocarpum Solanaceae Medicinal

Sonchus arvensis Asteraceae Winter annual

Sonchus oleraceus Asteraceae Winter annual

Sphaeranthus indicus Asteraceae Medicinal

Sporobolus indicus Poaceae Fodder

Striga angustifolia Scrophulariaceae Partial root parasite

Striga asiatica Scrophulariaceae Partial root parasite

Tephrosia hirta Fabaceae Non-palatable legume

Tephrosia procumbens Fabaceae Non-palatable legume

Tephrosia roxburghiana Fabaceae Non-palatable legume

Tragia involucrata Euphorbiaceae Medicinal

Trainthema portulacastrum Ficoidaceae Fodder and vegetable

Trianthema triquetra Ficoidaceae Medicinal

Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae Medicinal

Trichodesma indicum Boraginaceae Medicinal

Tridax procumbens Asteraceae Medicinal

Triumfetta pilosa Euphorbiaceae Medicinal

Triumfetta rhomboidea Euphorbiaceae Medicinal

Uraria picta Fabaceae Medicinal

Urginea congesta Liliaceae Common weed of shady places

Urginea coromandeliana Liliaceae Common weed of shady places

Urochloa panicoides Poaceae Fodder

Urochloa reptans Poaceae Fodder

Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae Non-palatable weed

Withania somnifera Solanaceae Medicinal

Xanthium strumarium Asteraceae Medicinal

Zinnia elegans Asteraceae Ornamental

Zornia gibbosa Fabaceae Fodder

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EIA report – Chapter 3 3.52

TERRESTRIAL FAUNA OF THE PROJECT AREA: The reserve forests found in the buffer zone are represented by plantations of Subabul or

Eucalyptus. As such there is no undisturbed wild habitat to provide safe and suitable habitat for

wildlife. However, because of the proximity of the buffer zone to the boundary of Manjira Wildlife

Sanctuary, Singur Reservoir and Manjra River, Marsh or Mugger Crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris)

could be found in some parts of the buffer zone, especially in Singur Reservoir and Manjira River.

Some of the migratory birds which nest and breed in the Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary are found to

feed in the reservoir within the buffer zone. There are no Biosphere reserves or National Parks or

Wildlife Sanctuaries or other protected areas within the 10 Km buffer zone of the proposed plant

site. Most mammals and birds listed were of widespread occurrence. Among the Mammals, only

Squirrels, Mongoose, Rats, Bandicoots and Rabbits were seen during the survey. Monkeys were

seen in only one locality. Among the resident birds, Crows, Parrots, Doves, Weaver birds, Quails

and Mynas were very common. Peacock (Pavo cristatus) is the only bird that is include in Schedule I

of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972. It is fairly common in forest as well as in non-forest

areas including some villages. Among the reptiles, Lizards, Garden lizards were very common. Rat

snake and Monitor lizard were seen during the survey. Other reptiles were very rare. The

amphibians were relatively more frequent but not abundant.

There are no thick forests, biosphere reserves, National parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries or other

protected areas either in the catchments or around the reservoir within a radius of 10 Km. As such,

it is not an important home for wildlife. But in the downstream, Pocharam bird habitat is located at

a distance of about 25 Km. A list of vertebrate species other than birds, either spotted or known to

occur in the area is given in Table 3.5.4. There are no RET species in the study area.

Many birds from the Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary as well as Pocharam wildlife sanctuary are known

to visit the reservoir and its surroundings for feeding in and around the Singur reservoir. A list of

birds spotted by the survey team is presented in Table 3.5.5. Some of them were found to breed on

the islands within the reservoir located outside the 10 Km buffer zone.

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Table 3.5.4

List of vertebrates other than birds found in buffer zone

Common name Scientific name WPA Schedule

MAMMALS

Asiatic jackal Canis aureus II

Bandicoot rat Nosokia indica indica IV

Common Indian field mouse Mus booduga IV

Common Indian rat Rattus rattus gangutrianus IV

Common Indian rat Rattus rattus refescens IV

Greater yellow bat Scotophillus heathi heathi IV

Home mouse Mus musculus tytleri IV

House shrew Suncus murinus tytleri IV

Indian fox Vulpes bengalensis II

Indian bush rat Golunda ellioti myothrix IV

Indian crested porcupine Hystrix indica IV

Indian grey mongoose Herpestes edwardsinyula IV

Indian pygmy pipistrelle Pipistrellus mimus mimus IV

Large bandicoot rat Bandicota indica IV

Long-eared bat Plecotus auritus homochrous IV

Mouse Mus musculus homeurus IV

Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta II

Savi pygmy shrew Suncus etruscus micronyx IV

Short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx IV

Three striped squirrel Funambulus palmarum IV

Wild boar Sus scrofa III

REPTILES

Chameleon Chameleon zeylanicus IV

Cobra Naja naja II

Common Indian Krait Bungarus caeruleus IV

Common Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis II

Garden lizard Calotes versicolor IV

Giant Blind Snake Typhlops diardii IV

Indian star tortoise Geochelone elegans IV

Indian wall lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis IV

Rat snake Ptyas mucosa / Tripidonatus pisactor

IV

Russell’s viper Vipera russseli IV

Saw scaled viper Echis carinatus IV

Slender Blind Snake Typhlops porrectus IV

Tree Snake Chrysopelea taprobanica IV

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Common name Scientific name WPA Schedule

Whip Snake Dryphis nasutus IV

AMPHIBIANS

Common Indian Toad Bufo melonosticatus IV

Green Pond Frog Rana hexadactyla. IV

Indian Burrowing frog Sphaerotheca breviceps IV

Tiger Frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Rana tigerina)

IV

Tree Frog Hyla arboria IV

Table 3.5.5

Avian fauna of the study area

Scientific Name Common Name Family WPA

Accipiter badius Shikra Accipitridae IV

Acridotheres tristis Common myna Sturnidae IV

Aegithinia tiphia Common Iora Irenidae IV

Alcedo atthis Smallblue kingfisher Alcedinidae IV

Amaurornis phoenicurus White-breasted

waterhen

Recurvirostridae IV

Anas crecca Common teal Anatidae IV

Anas poecilorhyncha Spot-billed duck Anatidae IV

Anastomus oscitans Asian Open bill Ciconiidae IV

Anhinga melanogaster Indian Darter Anhingidae I/NT

Anser indicus Barheaded geese. Anatidae IV

Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Ardeidae IV

Ardeola grayii Pond Heron Ardeidae IV

Athene brama Spotted owlet Noctuidae IV

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Ardeidae IV

Centropus sinasis Greater coucal Phasianidae IV

Ceryle rudis Lesser pied Kingfisher Alcedinidae IV

Columba livia Blue rock pigeon Columbidae IV

Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Coraciidae IV

Corvus splendens House crow Corvidae V

Dendrocitta vagabunda Indian tree pie Corvidae IV

Dendrocygna javanica Lesser whistling-duck Anatidae IV

Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Tickell's flower pecker Dicaeidae IV

Dicrurus macrocercus Black drongo Dicruridae IV

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Scientific Name Common Name Family WPA

Egretta garzetta Little egret Ardeidae IV

Elanus caeruleus Black-shouldered kite Accipitridae IV

Eudynamys scolopace Asian koel Cuculidae IV

Fulica atra Coot Rallidae IV

Fulica atra Eurasian coot Rallidae IV

Gallinula chloropus Indian Moorhen Rallidae IV

Halcyon smyrnensis White-Breasted King

fisher

Alcedinidae IV

Hierococcyx varius Brain fever bird Ardeidae IV

Himantopus himantopus Black-winged stilt Recurvirostridae IV

Hydrophasianus chrugus Pheasant tailed Jacana Jacanidae IV

Lanius excubitor Great grey shrike Daniidae IV

Leptoptilos javanicus Lesser adjutant stork Ciconiidae I/VU

lxobrychus cinnamomeus Chestnut bittern Ardeidae IV

Megalaima haemacephala Copper smith Barbet Capitonidae IV

Merops orientalis Small Bee eater Meropidae IV

Milvus migrans Black kite Accipitridae IV

Motacilla alba White wagtail Motacillidae IV

Motacilla flava Yellow wagtail Motacillidae IV

Motacilla maderaspatensis Large pied wagtail Motacillidae IV

Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork Ciconiidae I/NT

Nectarinia asiatica Purple sunbird Nectariniidae IV

Nectarinia zeylonica Purple-rumped sunbird Nectariniidae IV

Nettapus coromandelianus Cotton pygmy goose Anatidae IV

Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned night

heron

Ardeidae IV

Oriolus oriolus Eurasian golden oriole Oriolidae IV

Passer domesticus House sparrow Passeridae IV

Pavo cristatus Peacock Phasianidae I

Pelecanus philippensis Spot billed Plican Pelecanidae I/NT

Perirocotus cinnomomeus Small Minivet Phasianidae IV

Phalacrocorax carbo Large Cormorant Phalacrocoracidae IV

Phalacrocorax niger Little cormorant Phalacrocoracidae IV

Platalea minor Spoon bill Threskiornithidae IV

Porphyrio porphyrio Purple moorhen Rallidae IV

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Scientific Name Common Name Family WPA

Prinia inornata Plain prinia Cisticolidae IV

Prinia socialis Ashy prinia Cisticolidae IV

Psittacula cyanocephala Blossom headed

Parakeet

Psittacidae IV

Psittacula krameri Rose-Ringed Parakeet Psittacidae IV

Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotidae IV

Rynchops albicollis Indian skimmer Rynchopidae I/VU

Saxicolodies fulicata Indian robin Turdinae IV

Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove Columbidae IV

Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared-Dove Columbidae IV

Streptopelia Senegalensis Little brown dove Columbidae IV

Streptopelia tranquebarica Red Collared-Dove Columbidae IV

Sturnus pagodarum Brahminy starling Sturnidae IV

Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy shelduck Anatidae IV

Terpsiphone paradisi Asian paradise-

flycatcher

Muscicapidae IV

Threskiornis

melanocephalus

Oriental white Ibis Threskiornithidae I/NT

Turdoides caudatus Common babbler Timalinae IV

Upupa epops Common hoopoe Upupidae IV

Vanellus indicus Red-wattled lapwing Charadriidae IV

WPA indicated the Schedule in which the species is included. VU means Vulnerable NT means Near threatened.

AQUATIC FLORA

The aquatic ecosystems are represented by lotic and lentic ecosystems. There are no marine

habitats in the area. Singur reservoir is the large perennial water body and Manjira River is a small

seasonal River. There are a number of village and irrigation tanks within the study area.

The deep waters of the reservoir were devoid of any macrophytes. The reservoir water was clear and

transparent up to 3 m. But along the border and around the islands, the shallow water was fully

colonized by Ipomea carnea (local name “Besharam” means shameless), Ipomoea aquatica, Typha

angustata, Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaea nauchali,

Nymphaea stellata, Nymphoides hydrophylla, Nymphoides indica, Ottelia alismoides etc. A list of

aquatic and semi aquatic macrophytes found in the area of study is given in Table 3.5.6. Almost all

aquatic species of plants recorded from the study area and of common and widespread occurrence.

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Table 3.5.6 List of aquatic / semi aquatic macrophytes found along the borders of the Reservoir, River, Tanks

and ponds around the study area

Latin name Family Status

Alternanthera philoxeroides Solanaceae Predominant occasionally

Aponogeton natans Aponogetonaceae Common

Azolla pinnata Azollaceae Scattered and common

Brachiaria mutica Poaceae Sporadic

Carex cruciata Cyperaceae Occasional

Centella asiatica Apiaceae In localized patches

Chrysopogon aciculatus Poaceae Occasional

Colocassia esculenta Araceae Occasional

Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Extensive and widespread

Cyperus arenarius Cyperaceae Locally abundant

Cyperus exaltatus Cyperaceae Locally abundant

Echinochloa colona Poaceae Occasional

Echinochloa stagnina Poaceae Occasional

Eichhornia crassipes Pontederiaceae Extensive and widespread

Hydrilla verticillata Hydrocharitaceae Prevalent

Ipomoea aquatica Convolvulaceae Extensive and widespread

Ludwigia perennis Onagraceae Occasional

Marsilia quadrifoliata Marsiliaceae Very common Pteridophyte

Nelumbo nucifera Nelumbiaceae Very common

Nymphaea nauchali Nympheaceae Widely scattered

Nymphaea stellata Nympheaceae Widely scattered

Nymphoides hydrophylla Nympheaceae Scattered

Nymphoides indica Nympheaceae Scattered

Ottelia alismoides Hydrocharitaceace Widely scattered

Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Occasional

Paspalidium geminatum Poaceae Common

Phragmites karka Cyperaceae Dominant along boundaries

Pistia stratoides Araceae Widespread

Salvinia cucullata Salviniaceae Common

Typha angustata Typhaceae Extensive and widespread

Vallisneria spiralis Hydrocharitaceae Widespread

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AQUATIC FAUNA:

As already stated, the Singur reservoir and the Manjira River are potential habitats for aquatic life. In

Singur village, a local fisherman society has been formed. The fish caught from the reservoir are

supplied to nearby towns and also Hyderabd City. The fishes caught from the reservoir and river are

listed in Table 3.5.7. The local fishermen reported the presence of large fish weighing about 10 to

12 Kg but they could not catch any fish weighing more than 7.5 Kg. They also reported that they

have seen the Giant perch as well as a Crocodile. The Giant perch was neither caught nor seen.

Marsh Crocodile was seen during floods a few years ago by many people. But during the last two years,

the crocodile was not seen. The state fisheries department add fresh stocks of fish seedlings year every

to maintain fish stocks at sustainable level. Hence, most of the fish found in the reservoir are edible.

Table 3.5.7 List of fishes either caught by the fisherman or reported from the Singur reservoir and Manjira

River and its environs.

S.No. Common name Latin name

1 Catla Catla catla

2 Rohu Labeo rohita

3 Murrel Channa striatus

4 Murrel Channa punctatus

5 Wallago Wallago attu

6 Cat fish Mystus vittatus

7 Cat fish Hetyeropneustes fossilis

8 Spiny eel Mastecembalus armatus

9 Prawn Macrobrachium rosenberghii

10 Prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii

11 Giant prech Lates calcarifer

12 Silonia Silonia silonia

13 Pearl spot Etroplus suratensis

14 Indian Mottled Eel Anguilla bengalensis

15 Gobids Glossogobius giuris

16 Gobids Platycephalus sp.

17 Mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala

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EIA report – Chapter 3 3.59

S.No. Common name Latin name

18 Tilapia Oreochromis aureus

19 Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus

20 Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

21 Tilapia Tilapia rendalli

Benthic fish found / caught

1. Murrel Channa striatus

2. Murrel Channa punctatus

3. Spiny eel Mastecembalus armatus

4. Indian Mottled Eel Anguilla bengalensis

5. Cat fish Mystus vittatus

6. Cat fish Hetyeropneustes fossilis

Rare or Endangered or Threatened Flora and fauna:

Among the plants found in the forest areas of the buffer zone, Chloroxylon swietenia is placed under

VU (vulnerable) category by the IUCN. This plant is confined to Peninsular India and Ceylon. It is

widespread in these areas an there are no potential threats. Further, it has fire resistant bark and

hence capable of growing in areas where burning takes place quite periodically.

Among the mammals, there are no RET of species belonging to Schedule I of the WPA. But there are a

few migratory birds (vide Table 3.6.5) which are knwn to feed in the Singur Reseroir, a small part of it is

located in the buffer zone at FRL. These birds visit the reservoir only for feeding but they breed in the

Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary and the Pocaharam bird habitat. Neither the core area nor the buffer zone

is an important breeding or migratory corridor for the birds. The Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is basically

a Mugger or Marsh Crocodile breeding ground. Over a period of time it has become a bird habitat. The

Mugger or Marsh Crocodiles are safe in the Wildlife Sanctuary. The proposed project is not going to

have any additional adverse effect on the Wildlife Sanctuary as it is beyond 10 Km radius of study area.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited (30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 3 3.60

3.6 SOCIO- ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The study area covers within a radius of 10 km from the proposed project site. The 10 km radius

study area around the project site comprises of 30 villages. The socio-economic profile of the study

area is presented based on site visits; discussions with the villagers and the secondary data

available from various agencies such as Hand Books for Census 2011.

The details of Socio-economic details are furnished in Annexure – XI.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.1

CHAPTER – 4ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

& MITIGATION MEASURES

4.0 INTRODUCTION

Impact prediction is a very important phenomenon in evaluating the environmentally

potential adverse impacts for any proposed industrial activities. The impact prediction is

always carried out under worst possible conditions so as to mitigate or to eliminate the

environmental hazards. These predictions thus calculated are superimposed over the baseline

data to know the quality of environment in the vicinity of the project site so as to calculate

the net impact on the environment after the project comes into production.

4.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Prediction of impacts is the most important component in the Environmental Impact

Assessment studies. Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict

impacts of developmental activities on physico, ecological and socioeconomic environments.

Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre project) status of environmental

quality to derive the ultimate (post project) scenario of environmental conditions. The

prediction of impacts helps to identify the environmental management plan required to be

executed during and after commissioning the proposed project to minimize the adverse

impacts on environmental quality.

The mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe cause-effect

relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In case,

mathematical models are not available or it is not possible to identify / validate through

models for particular situation, prediction could be arrived at through available scientific

knowledge and judgments.

The mathematical model used for predictions in the present study include, steady state

Gaussian Plume dispersion model designed for multiple point sources for air quality, Wave

divergence and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) models for noise levels. In case of

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.2

water, land, biological and socio-economic environments the prediction have been made

based on available scientific knowledge and judgments.

4.1.1 IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

4.1.1.1 IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY

The major envisaged topographical changes would be limited to the immediate vicinity of the

project site. The change in topography will be only due to manmade structures like Industrial

complex and Administrative building. Similarly, it will invite positive benefits in the form of

land leveling and green belt development in the project site vicinity.

4.1.1.2 IMPACTS ON CLIMATE

As the temperature of the effluents and gases will not be high, generally this will not cause

any thermal imbalance as extensive greenbelt will be developed within the plant premises.

However, there will be natural dispersion of heat due to unstable conditions during day and

as such there would be no significant micro / macro climatological changes of any

consequence.

4.1.2 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT (TOR # 56)

It is absolutely essential to study the impacts of air pollution on its environs due to the

proposed project. These impacts are assessed with the help of Mathematical model based on

steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model designed for multiple point sources for short

term. In the present case, Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST-3), 1993 dispersion

model based on steady state Gaussian plume dispersion, designed for multiple point sources

for short term developed by United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) has been

used for simulations from point sources.

Model Input

Emissions

Emissions from boiler have also been considered. The emission data from the stack is shown

in Table 4.1.1

Receptor Locations

The software is capable of generating a polar receptor grid at every 10 radial angles at

specified distances (in Kms).

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.3

Meteorological data

For the prediction of rise in Ground Level concentrations of pollutants, the actual hourly

meteorological data recorded at the site during the study period (March, 2015 –May, 2015) is

converted to mean meteorological hourly data as specified by CPCB and the same is used in

the model. In the absence of site specific mixing heights, mixing heights published in ‘Spatial

distribution of hourly mixing depths over Indian region’ by Dr. R.N.Gupta have been used.

Presentation of results

In the present case model simulations have been carried out for the summer season. For the

short term simulations, the concentrations have been estimated around 1600 receptors to

obtain optimum description of variations in concentrations over the site in 10 Km. radius

covering 16 directions.

Model Output

The output contains the first through sixth highest concentration values at each receptor,

Maximum concentration tables and daily concentration tables for each averaging period.

The calculations for stack height, ash generation quantity have been done considering the

above scenarios to represent the worst scenarios. The expected emissions from the proposed

boiler are PM, SO2, NOX.

4.1.3 STACK HEIGHT CALCULATION FOR 10 TPH BOILER

A) When 100% Imported Coal on any given day

Imported coal consumption : 35 TPD

Sulphur content in coal : 0.8 % (Max, by mass)

SO2 emission (Q) : 35 x 1000 x 0.8/100 % x 2/24

: 23.34 kg/hr.

Stack height (H) : 14(Q)0.3

: 14(23.34) 0.3 = 36 m.

B) When 100% Coal on any given day

Indian coal consumption : 60 TPD

Sulphur content in coal : 0.5% (Max, by mass)

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.4

SO2 emission (Q) : 60 x 1000 x 0.5/100 % x 2/24

: 25 kg/hr.

Stack height (H) : 14(25)0.3

: 14(25) 0.3 = 36.8 m.

say 37 meters

C)With 100% Biomass on any given dayConsumption of Biomass (Rice Husk) : 120 TPD

Sulphur content in Biomass : 0.08% (Max, by mass)

SO2 emission (Q) : 120 x 1000 x (0.08/100) x 2/24

8 kg/hr.

Stack height (H) : 14(8) 0.3

14(8) 0.3

26.12 m.

Hence stack of 38 m height will be provided to the 10 TPH Boiler for effective dispersion of

emissions into the atmosphere.

The emissions of concern are Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphurdioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen

oxides (NOx). A stack height of 38 m will be provided to the 10 TPH boiler as per CPCB

guidelines for effective dispersion of sulphur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. In the

proposed 10 TPH Boiler, Bagfilters will be provided for effective treatment of flue gases from

the boiler to bring down the particulate matter concentration in the exhaust gases to less

than 50 mg/Nm3. The boiler and the Bagfilters will be interlocked in such a way that in case

the Bagfilters fails, the raw material feed to the boiler will stop and consequently there will be

no steam generation in the Boiler. The following are the boiler stack details of the proposed

Distillery project.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.5

TABLE 4.1.1BOILER STACK DETAILS

Item Units 10 TPH Boiler

Number of stacks 1

Height of the stack m 38

Internal stack dia at top m 1.0

Volumetric flow rate m3/sec 11.8

Exit velocity of flue gas m/sec 15

Temperature of flue gas oC 130

PM emission quantity g/s 0.4

SO2 emission quantity g/s 6.9

NOx emission quantity g/s 4.0

EMISSIONS FROM BOILER WITH & WITH OUT AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES(TOR # 55)

EMISSIONS WITHOUT APC(g/s)

WITH APC(g/s)

Efficiency (%)

PM 190.5 0.4 99.8

SO2 6.9 6.9 --

NOx 4.0 4.0 --

INCREMENTAL GLC`s DUE TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The max predicted incremental rise in SO2 concentrations (24 hourly) will be 3.6 g/m3 at a

distance of 600 m from the origin stack in the down wind direction over the baseline

concentrations.

The max predicted incremental rise in PM concentrations (24 hourly) will be 0.2 g/m3 at a

distance of 600 m from the origin stack in the down wind direction over the baseline

concentrations.

The max predicted incremental rise in NOX concentrations (24 hourly) will be 2.1 g/m3 at a

distance of 600 m from the origin stack in the down wind direction over the baseline

concentrations.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.6

The net resultant concentrations (Maximum baseline conc. + predicted incremental rise in

conc.) of PM, SO2 and NOX are shown in Table No. 4.1.2. The net resultant concentrations of

PM10, SO2 and NOX during the operation of the plant are well within the revised National

Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Hence there will not be any adverse impact on air

environment due to the proposed project.

TABLE 4.1.2NET RESULTANT MAXIMUM CONCENTRATIONS DUE TO THE PROJECT (TOR # 56)

Item PM(µg/m3)

SO2

(µg/m3)NOX

(µg/m3)CO

(µg/m3)Maximum baseline conc. in the study area 110.9 12.8 14.5 568

Maximum predicted incremental rise in Concentrationsdue to the proposed project

0.2 3.6 2.1 --

Maximum predicted incremental rise in Concentrationsdue to the vehicular emissions

0.1 -- 2.4 4.5

Net resultant concentrations during operation phase 111.2 16.4 19 572.5

National Ambient Air Quality Standards(As per MOEF Notification dated 16-11-2009)

100 80 80 2000

4.2 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON WATER ENVIRONMENT4.2.1 WATER REQUIREMENT (TOR # 8, 17, 58 & 59)

The Total Water requirement for the proposed project will be 610 KLD. Net water

requirement after recycling of condensate from Evaporation unit and spent lees will be 350

KLD. This includes Process water, CT make up, DM Water for Boiler & ENA plant, DM Plant

regeneration waste water and for Domestic requirement. Water requirement for the

proposed project will be sourced from Ground Water through Borewells and from Manjira

River which is at a distance of 3.8 Kms. from the project site. Prior permission from the State

Ground Water Board / CGWA and Irrigation department will be obtained before for drawl of

Water. The water requirement & waste water generation breakup of shown in Table 4.2.1 &

4.2.2. The characteristics of different effluent streams are presented in Tables 4.2.3 to 4.2.7.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.7

TABLE 4.2.1SECTION WATER CONSUMPTION (in KLD)

Process Water 172DM Water For Boiler 120Cooling Tower Requirement 240DM plant, softener rejects & clarifier blowdown 68Domestic 10

Total 610

Water Balance diagram is enclosed as Annexure - XII

4.2.2 WASTE WATER GENERATION (TOR # 6)

Waste water generation from the proposed project will be 366 KLD. The following is the break-up of

waste water generation from the Project.

TABLE 4.2.2SECTION WASTE WATER GENERATION (in KLD)

Spent Wash 240

Boiler blow down 20

Cooling tower blow down 30

DM plant, softener rejects & clarifier

blowdown68

Sanitary waste water 8

Total 366

WASTE WATER CHARACTERISTICS

TABLE 4.2.3CHARACTERISTICS OF SPENT WASH

PARAMETER CONCENTRATIONpH 3.8 – 7.5

Total Dissolved Solids 60,000-65,000 mg/lCOD 110,000- 120,000 mg/lBOD 60,000-65,000 mg/l

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.8

TABLE 4.2.4CHARACTERISTICS OF SANITARY WASTE WATER(UNTREATED)

PARAMETER CONCENTRATIONpH 7.0 – 8.5

BOD 200 – 250 mg/lCOD 300 – 400 mg/lTDS 800 – 900 mg/l

TABLE 4.2.5CHARACTERISTICS OF COOLING TOWER BLOWDOWN

PARAMETER CONCENTRATIONpH 7.0 – 8.5TDS 1000 mg/l

TABLE 4.2.6CHARACTERISTICS OF BOILER BLOWDOWN

PARAMETER CONCENTRATIONpH 9.5 – 10.0TDS 100 mg/l

TABLE 4.2.7CHARACTERISTICS OF DM PLANT & SOFTENER REGENERATION

PARAMETER CONCENTRATIONpH 4.0 to 10.0TDS 8000 – 15000 mg/l

4.2.3 IMPACT ON MANJIRA RIVER

Manjira river are flowing at a distance of 3.8 Kms. from the project site respectively.

Water requirement for the proposed project will be sourced from Ground Water

through Borewells and from Manjira River which is at a distance of 3.8 Kms. from the

project site. Prior permission from the State Ground Water Board and Water Irrigation

department will be obtained before for drawl of Water.

Ground water will be recharged by constructing Rain water harvesting pits in

consultation with State Ground Water Board.

High efficiency Bagfilters will be installed to minimize the particulate matter emission.

Flue gases will be treated in Bag filters and discharged into the atmosphere through a

stack of 38 m. Outlet dust emission from Bag filters will be below 50 mg/Nm3.

Spent wash generated from the proposed project will be treated in Bio-methanation

unit and concentrated in MEE. The concentrated Biomethanated spent wash will be

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.9

Bio-composted along with pressmud. Hence zero discharge will be implemented in the

proposed project as per CPCB norms.

Back wash from DM plant and Softener, Boiler blowdown will be neutralized in a

neutralization tank and will be mixed with Cooling tower blowdown in the CMB and will

be utilized for greenbelt development, dust suppression and ash conditioning after

ensuring compliance with treated effluent quality as per MoEF / SPCB Standards.

Ash generated from the project will be given to the nearby brick manufacturers /

cement plants.

Hence there will not be any impact on Manjira river and its downstream users due to the

proposed project.

4.3 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS DUE TO NOISE

4.3.1 PREDICTION OF IMPACT DUE TO THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY

The sound pressure level generated by noise source decreases with increasing distance from

the source due to wave divergence. An additional decrease in sound pressure level with

distance from the source is expected, due to atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects

in the path of transmission. For hemispherical sound wave propagation through

homogeneous loss free medium, one can estimate noise levels at various locations, due to

different sources using model based on first principle, as per the following equation:

Lp2 = Lp1 – 20 Log (r2/r1) - Ael.2

Where Lp1 and Lp2 are sound pressure levels at points located at distance r1 and r2 from the

source and Ae1.2 is the excess attenuation due to environmental conditions. Combined effect

of all the sources then can be determined at various locations by logarithmic addition.

It is first approximation one can assume that for all general population in the villages, every

noise source in the plane is a point source. The average equivalent sound power level of such

a point source can be estimated for different distances and directions from hypothetical

source by applying following equation:

Lp = Lw - 20 Log r – Ae – 8

Where Lw is the sound power level of the source, Lp is sound pressure level at a distance r

and Ae is environmental attenuation factor. A combined noise level Lp (total) of all the

sources at a particular place is given by:

Lp (total) = 10 Log (10Lp1/10) + 10 (Lp2/10) + ---------)

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.10

Major noise generating sources were identified from the proposed activity for prediction

purposes. The major noise generating sources will be STGs, Boiler, compressors. Predictions

have been made to represent the worst case. The noise levels at various distances were

calculated using wave divergence model.

The Ambient Noise levels will be within the standards prescribed by MoEF, GOI vide

Notification dated 14-02-2000 under the Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000.

The ambient noise levels will be less than 75dBA during day time & less than 70dBA during

night time.

4.3.2 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON COMMUNITY

Day and Night sound pressure levels, Ldn are often used to describe the community noise

exposure, which include 10 dBA night time penalty. As the nearest habitation is at a distance

of 0.8 Kms. from the proposed site, the impact of noise on general population would be

insignificant.

As per the WHO recommendation, there is no identified risk and damage of hearing due to

the noise levels (Leq = 8 hours) less than 75 dBA. Most of the international damage risk

criteria for hearing loss permit (Leq = 12 hours) upto 87 dBA. Further, WHO recommendation

on community noise annoyance, permits day time out door noise levels of 55 dBA. Leq and

night time outdoor noise level of 45 dBA leq to meet sleep criteria i.e. Leq (24 hours) = 52.2.

dBA and Ldn = 5.5 dBA.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.11

4.3.3 PREDICTION OF IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

The damage risk criteria as enforced by OSHA (Occupation Safety and Health Administration)

to reduce hearing loss, stipulates that noise level upto 85 dBA are acceptable for 8 hour

working shift per day. Plant authorities will provide ear plugs to the employees and will be

enforced to be used by the employees.

4.4 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON LAND ENVIRONMENT

The proposed Distillery plant will be taken up in an area of 16.7 acres. Spent wash

generated from the proposed project will be treated in Bio-methanation unit and

concentrated in MEE. The concentrated Biomethanated spent wash will be Bio-

composted along with pressmud. Hence zero discharge will be implemented for Distillery

plant as per CPCB norms. Back wash from DM plant and Softener will be neutralized in a

neutralization tank and will be utilized for greenbelt development, dust suppression and

ash conditioning after ensuring compliance with treated effluent quality as per MoEF /

SPCB Standards. Boiler blow down will be reused cooling tower make up. As there are no

rare and endangered species in the vicinity of the proposed activity, there will not be any

concern for the loss of important germ plasm that needs conservation. Greenbelt is

considered essential for maintaining the stability of the environment of the area.

Extensive greenbelt will be developed in the proposed project site acquired.

4.5 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS DUE TO VEHICULAR MOVEMENT (TOR # 57)

Total no. of additional trucks/vehicles for transportation of raw materials, products & man

power will be 1.5 per hour. As the closed tankers and covered trucks will be used for the

transportation of raw material and finished product, there will not be any fugitive emission.

Hence there will not be any fugitive dust generation during transportation of raw materials.

Pucca road exist upto the site. The existing road is capable of absorbing this additional truck

movement. Hence there will not be any adverse impact on vehicular traffic due to the

proposed distillery project.

Total no. of trucks required for transportation of raw materials and products for the proposed

Distillery project will be 1.5 per hour. The existing road is capable of absorbing this additional

truck movement. Hence there will not be any adverse impact on vehicular traffic due to the

proposed Distillery project.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.12

Good traffic management system will be developed and implemented for the incoming and

outgoing vehicles so as to avoid congestion on the public road. The area earmarked for

parking in the proposed project will be 1 acres.

4.5.1 TRAFFIC STUDY OF THE STUDY AREA (TOR # 53)

The proposed project site well accessible by major district road (Medak – Sangareddy)

followed by pucca road. For traffic study purpose, we have considered the Major district road

(Medak to Sangareddy) as it is the major connecting road for the proposed site.

The width of the road considered for the study purpose is 9 m (30 feet).

The detailed study of the traffic showing existing traffic and incremental raise in traffic is

furnished in the table below

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.13

Type of Vehicle Existing Vehicular Traffic Peak Traffic due to the proposed project CarryingCapacity

PCU(per day)

as perIRC : 73-

1980

Sangareddy to Medak Medak to Sangareddy Total(per day)

Sangareddy to Medak Medak to Sangareddy Total(per day)

ActualCount

As % ofTotal

Vehicular Count

AsPCU

Actual

Count

As % ofTotal

Vehicular Count

AsPCU

ActualCount

As % ofTotal

Vehicular CountAs PCU

Actual

Count

As % ofTotal

Vehicular Count

AsPCU

Actual

Count

As % ofTotal

Vehicular Count

AsPCU

ActualCount

As % ofTotal

VehicularCount

As PCU

Passanger car, tempo,autorikshaw or

agricultural tractor527 45.9 527.00 439 46.8 439.00 966.00 20 16.5 20.00 20 16.5 20.00 40.00

10,000(2 laneMajor

Districtroad)

cycle, motor cycle orscooter 340 29.6 170.00 250 26.6 125.00 295.00 50 41.3 25.00 50 41.3 25.00 50.00

truck, bus, or agriculturaltractor trailer unit 230 20.1 690.00 210 22.4 630.00 1320.00 36 29.8 108.00 36 29.8 108.0

0 216.00

cycle rickshaw 25 2.2 37.50 20 2.1 30.00 67.50 15 12.4 22.50 15 12.4 22.50 45.00

horse drawn vehicles 0 0.0 0.00 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0 0.0 0.00 0 0.0 0.00 0.00

bullock cart 25 2.2 150.00 20 2.1 120.00 270.00 0 0.0 0.00 0 0.0 0.00 0.00

Total 24 hours basis 1147 100.0 1574.50 939 100.0 1344.0

0 2918.50 121 100.0 175.50 121 100.0 175.50 351.00

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.14

Total load on the road from Medak to Sangareddy, during operation of the distillery will be

Traffic load before project : 2918.5 PCU/day

Additional traffic load during operation of the Distillery : 351.00 PCU/day

Total load : 3269.50 PCU/day

Traffic capacity as per IRC 73:1980 : 10,000.00 PCU/day

Hence there will not be any impact on the traffic load due to the proposed Distillery unit.

4.6 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON FLORA & FAUNA, HUMAN BEING AND AGRICULTURAL LAND

Total no. of additional trucks/vehicles for transportation of raw materials, products & man

power will be 1.5 per hour. As the closed tankers and covered trucks will be used for the

transportation of raw material and finished product, there will not be any fugitive emission.

Hence there will not be any fugitive dust generation during transportation of raw materials.

The treated non process effluent will be utilized for dust suppression, ash conditioning and for

on land for after ensuring compliance with CPCB / SPCB norms. The proposed spent wash

treatment technology is approved by CPCB.

The flue gases from the Boiler will be treated in Bag filters and discharged through a stack

height of 38 m will be provided to the 10 TPH boiler as per CPCB guidelines for effective

dispersion of sulphur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The particulate matter in the

exhaust gas will be less than 50 mg/Nm3. There are no rare & endangered species in the study

area. All the required emission control systems will be installed and operated to comply with

MoEF / CPCB / SPCB norms. Hence there will not be any adverse impact on flora & fauna,

Human being and Agricultural land due to the proposed Distillery project.

4.7 PREDCTION OF IMPACTS ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The local areas will be benefited by way of generation of employment opportunities,

increased demand for local products and services. There will be an overall improvement in

the income level of the local people. The project creates employment to about 40 persons

once the plant is commissioned and for 500 persons during construction stage. Priority will be

given to local people for employment of Unskilled and semi skilled workers.

The project proponent intends to take-up welfare activities in the surrounding villages once

the proposed project commences production. The project proponent intends to conduct

regular health checkups in the surrounding villages. Therefore there will be a certain

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 44.15

enhancement of educational and medical standards of people in the study area. There will be

generally positive and beneficial impacts by the way of economic improvements,

transportation, aesthetic environment and business generation.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 55.1

CHAPTER – 5ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

(TECHNOLOGY & SITE)

5.1 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Continuous Fermentation technology for production of Ethanol is well proven technology

over a few decades all over the world. Hence no alternative technologies are considered.

5.2 ALTERNATIVE SITES EXAMINED FOR SETTING UP OF DISTILLERY PROJECT

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited has proposed to establish a 30 KLPD Molasses based

Distillery plant and 2 MW Captive Power Plant at Sy. No. 1421 A / 1421 AA / 1421 E / 1421 EE,

Chowtkur village, Pulkal Mandal, Medak District in Telangana. 16 acres of land has already

been acquired for the proposed project

The following are the salient features of the Project site.

The project area does not fall under the industrial areas / cluster, which are listed in MoEF

office memorandum dated 13th January 2010 and its subsequent amendments for

Critically Polluted area.

Nearest Habitation Posanipalli is at a distance of 0.8 Kms. from the project site.

There are no National Parks/Tiger Reserves/Elephant corridors within 10 Km. radius of the

project site. However Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at a distance of 10.3 Kms.

from the project site.

Chatkuri Reserve Forest is situated at distance of 0.5 Kms. from the project site.

No historical places and places of tourist importance within 10 Km radius of the project

site.

Manjira river is flowing at a distance of 3.8 Kms. from the project site. Jangum Canal is

flowing at a distance of 0.5 Km. From project site

Manjira Reservoir is situated at a distance of 6.5 Kms. from the project site.

There is no interstate boundary with 5 Km. radius of the plant site (Nearest Interstate

border Telangana - Karnataka at 48 Kms.)

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 55.2

Based on the above the site has been selected for establishment of Distillery plant. The site is

in accordance with the MoEF guidelines. Hence no alternate sites has been examined for the

proposed project

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 66.1

CHAPTER – 6ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM (TOR # 70)

6.1 TECHNICAL ASPECTS

6.1.1 METHODOLOGIES

To know the effectiveness of environmental mitigation measures post project environmental

monitoring program will be strictly followed as per statutory requirement.

Always particulate matter in the exhaust gas of 10 TPH boiler will be maintained below

50 mg/Nm3.

Energy meters will be provided to all air pollution control systems to ensure effective

operation of the control systems.

Zero effluent discharge will always be maintained to comply with CREP

recommendations.

All pollution control systems will be taken-up for maintenance as per prescribed dates

and always ensure compliance with norms.

SPCB will also carry out stack monitoring, ambient air quality & Effluent analysis at

regular intervals. This will also help in cross checking the performance of Pollution

control systems implemented in the project.

6.1.2 FREQUENCY & LOCATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING (TOR # 14)

A comprehensive monitoring program is given under. This environmental monitoring will be

entrusted to a third party.

MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

S.NO PARTICULERS FREQUENCY OFMONITORING

DURATION OFSAMPLING

PARAMETERSREQUIRED TO BEMONITORED

1.WATER QUALITYWater and wastewater Qualitya. Sanitary Effluents

/IndustrialEffluents

b. Ground waterQuality

Once in a month

Once in a month

Compositesampling

Grab sampling

pH, EC,TDS, BOD,COD, Cl, SS,Sulphates

As per BIS: 10500

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 66.2

(Peizometric wellswill be locatedaround spent washstorage area, ETP )

2. AIR QUALITYA. Stack Monitoring

(10 TPH Boiler) Online monitoringsystem

Once in a month

PM

SO2 & NOxB. Ambient Air quality Twice a week 24 hours

continuouslyPM10, PM2.5, SO2 &NOx

C. Fugitive emissions Once in a Month 8 hours SPM3. METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Meteorological data tobe monitored at theplant.

Daily Continuousmonitoring

Temperature,Relative Humidity,rainfall, winddirection & windspeed.

4. NOISE LEVEL MONITORINGAmbient Noise levels Twice in a year Continuous for 24

hours with 1 hourinterval

Noise Levels

6.1.3 DATA ANALYSIS

All the parameters will be analysed as per IS procedures specified for those parameters. All

water samples will be analysed for various parameters as per IS: 10500 with the specified

procedures.

The methodology adopted for monitoring & analysis of PM10 & PM2.5 is as per IS: 5182 Part IV

SO2 & NOx as per IS: 5182 Part II & Part VI respectively. Samples were analysed for SO2 using

improved West-Geake method for air samples using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of

560 nm.

Samples were analysed for NOx using Jacob and Hocheiser modified (Na-As) method, for Air

samples using a spectrophotometer at wavelength of 540 nm.

PM10 & PM2.5 in ambient air are found by using Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) & APM-550.

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EIA report – Chapter 66.3

6.1.4 REPORTING SCHEDULE

After completion of analysis, a copy of all the analysis reports will be sent to the Ministry of

Environment & SPCB on regular basis. Copy of the reports will be maintained in the plant and

will be made available to the concerned inspecting authorities.

6.1.5 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

The plant along with Boiler, turbine will be shut down as per the procedure to have least

environmental impact.

6.1.6 DETAILED BUDGET & PROCUREMENT SCHEDULES

A third party will be engaged to monitor all the environmental parameters as per CPCB/SPCB

norms.

The annual budgetary allocation for environmental monitoring: Rs. 3.0 Lakhs.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.1

CHAPTER – 7ADDITIONAL STUDIES

RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN(TOR # 71)

7.1 INTRODUCTION

Risk analysis deals with the identification and quantification of risks, the plant equivalent and

personnel are exposed to, due to accidents resulting from the hazards present in the factory.

Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe

conditions) Involved in the factory.

Both hazard and risk analysis very extensive studies, and require a very detailed design and

engineering information.

The various hazard analysis techniques that may be applied are Hazard and Operability

(HAZOP) studies, Fault – Tree Analysis (FTA), event –tree analysis and failure and effects mode

analysis.

Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and

assessment of risks the neighbouring populations are exposed to as result of hazard present.

This requires a through knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario,

vulnerability of populations etc., much of this information is difficult to get or generate.

Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum creditable accident studies.

7.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of study includes the study of proposed operations, storage and handling of raw

materials with respect to Hazard Identification. Risk Assessment and preparation of Disaster

Management plan. Based on the Hazard Identification and analysis, the major disaster

scenarios would be worked out to estimate the consequence of failure. A Disaster

Management Plan (DMP) would also be evolved to meet the emergency situation including

the occupational health and safety.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.2

7. 3 STORAGE TANKS

Details of tank farms are shown in Table 7.1

TABLE - 7.1Details of the Tank farms

Description of The Tank TankCapacity (m3)

No. ofTanks

Total capacity(m3)

RS Daily Receivers 30 3 90ENA Receivers 30 3 90Impure Spirit Daily receiverReceivers

5 3 15

Impure Spirit Bulk StorageTank

50 2 100

Fusel Oil Tank 10 1 10Bulk RS Storage Tank 450 2 900Bulk ENA Storage Tank 450 2 900

Total 16 2105

Alcohol storage and handling area firefighting facility

Fire Fighting System will be as per the OISD-117 Norms.

Provision of foam system for firefighting to control fire from the alcohol storage tanks.

Providing flame arrestors on the top of all the storage tanks.

Flame proof fitting to all the systems which handles the alcohol.

Transfer of alcohol is by pipes only.

All the lightings are of flame proof.

Water sump with a holding capacity.

Foam Extinguishers inside the warehouse.

7.4 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS PROPOSED

The following Fire Protection system has been proposed in the project

Hydrant system covering the entire plant including all important auxiliaries and buildings

is proposed. The system will be complete with piping, valves instrumentation, hoses,

nozzles and hydrants, valves etc.

Portable extinguisher such as pressurized water type, carbon dioxide type and foam type

will be located at strategic locations throughout the plant.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.3

Modular type carbon dioxide panel injection fire extinguishing system will be provided in

control equipment room, cable space below control room and at other unmanned

electrical and electronic equipment room.

Automatic Medium Velocity water Sprinkler system for cable galleries / vaults / spreader

room, coal conveyors, crusher house, Transfer points.

Foam injection system for fuel oil storage tanks consisting of foam concentration tanks,

foam pumps, piping, instrumentation, valves etc.

Automatic high velocity water spray system will be provided for all the transformers

located in transformer yard, turbine generator lube oil equipment rooms, sets of Boiler

burners, boiler feed pump, lube oil systems, diesel engine driven fire pump, etc.

Fire water reservoir will be part of the water storage tank.

The following pumps will be provided in the fire protection system.

Fire water pumps.

(Fire water reservoir is part of the main water reservoir)

a) AC motor driven fire water pumps for hydrant, medium velocity water spray system and

foam system.

b) AC motor driven fire water pumps for high velocity water spray system.

c) Diesel engine driven pump as stand by for the above.

d) Jackey pump 1 no. (AC motor driven) for maintaining pressure.

Suitable number of electric motor driven and diesel engine operated hydrant and spray

pumps with automatic starting will be provided for the above systems. The fire water pumps

will take suction from the fire water reservoir to be created in the plant area.

High velocity water spray system near storage tanks.

Portable extinguisher such as pressurized water type, carbon dioxide type and foam type

will be located at strategic locations through out the plant.

The following pumps will be provided in the fire protection system.

Fire water pumps

a) AC motor driven fire water pumps for hydrant, medium velocity water spray system and

foam system.

b) AC motor driven fire water pumps for high velocity water spray system.

c) Diesel engine driven pump as stand by for the above.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.4

d) Jackey pump 1 no. (AC motor driven) for maintaining pressure.

7.5 SAFETY PROVISIONS PROPOSED

The following safety provisions will be made in the plant

Providing flame arrestors on the top of all the storage tanks.

Flame proof fitting to all the systems which handles the alcohol.

Transfer of alcohol will be by pipes only.

All the lightings are of flame proof.

Water sump with a holding capacity.

Foam Extinguishers inside the warehouse.

7.6 METHODOLOGY OF MCA ANALYSIS

The MCA Analysis involved in ordering and ranking of various sections in terms of potential

vulnerability. The following steps were involved in MCA Analysis.

Preparation of an inventory of major storages and rank them on the basis of their hazard

properties.

Identification of potentially hazardous storage sections and representative failure cases

from the vessels and the pipelines.

Visualisation of chemical release scenarios.

Effect and damage calculation from the release cases through mathematical modeling.

Inventory Analysis and Fire & Explosion and Toxicity Index (FETI) are the two techniques

employed for hazard identification process.

7.7 FIRE & EXPLOSION AND TOXICITY INDEX

The role of Fire & Explosion toxicity Index (FET) aids in quantitative hazard identification. The

FEI is calculated by evaluating the loss potential of all the units in the storage area and the

hazardous areas were classified accordingly. The role of FET is

Identification of the equipment/areas that could likely contribute to the creation or

escalation of incident and relatively rank the incidents.

Quantification of the expected damage of potential fire and explosion incidents.

Preparation of guidelines for mitigating fire hazards.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.5

The loss of potential which could actually be experienced under the most adverse operating

conditions is quantitatively evaluated. The FEI is used for any operation in which a flammable,

combustible, or reactive material is stored, handled or processed.

FEI = MF * GPH * SPH

Where MF: Material factor

GPH: General Process Hazard

SPH: Special Process Hazard

TOXICITY INDEX

The Toxicity Index is calculated using the Nh, GPH and SPH. TI is calculated by the following

formula.

(Nh + Ts) * (1 + GPH + SPH)TI = -------------------------------------------

100

The degree of hazard is identified based on FEI & TI range as per the criteria given below.

FEI RANGE DEGREE OF HAZARD0 – 60 LIGHT

61 - 96 MODERATE

97 - 127 INTERMEDIATE

128 - 158 HEAVY

159 & Above SEVERE

TI RANGE DEGREE OF HAZARD

0 – 5 LIGHT

5 - 10 MODERATE

> 10 SEVERE

Depending on the category of hazard preventive and protective system will be recommended.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.6

7.8 ASSESSMENT OF RISK AT M/s GANPATI SUGAR INDUSTRIES LIMITED

Based on the storage inventory the following areas are identified as potential safety risk areas

are shown below.

TABLE 7.2POSSIBLE RISKS FROM THE ETHANOL PLANT

S.No. Block / Areas Quantity Hazard Identified1. Boilers 30 TPH Fire (mainly near oil burners

steam explosion, fire explosion2. Spirit Storage 1795 m3 Fire

7.9 RISK & CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF FIRE

List of products and NFPA Ratings is given in Table 7.3

TABLE 7.3List of products and NFPA Ratings

S.No. Chemical NFPA RatingsNh NF Nr

1. Ethanol 0 3 0

Explanation of NFPA ratings is given in Table 7.4

TABLE 7.4

Explanation of NFPA Hazard Classifications

Health Hazard Definition4 Materials which on very short exposure could cause death or major

residual injury even though prompt medical treatments were given.3 Materials which on short exposure could cause serious temporary or

residual injury even though prompt medical treatments were given.2 Materials which on intense or continued exposure could cause temporary

incapacitation or possible residual injury unless prompt medicaltreatment is given.

1 Materials which on exposure would cause irritation but only minorresidual injury even if no treatment is given.

0 Materials which on exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazardbeyond that of ordinary combustible material.

Flammability Definition4 Materials which will rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric

pressure and normal ambient temperature, or which are readilydispersed in air and which will burn readily

3 Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambienttemperature conditions.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.7

2 Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively highambient temperatures before ignition can occur.

1 Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.0 Materials that will not burn.

Reactivity Definition4 Materials which in themselves are readily capable of detonation or of

explosive decomposition or reaction at normal temperatures andpressures.

3 Materials which in themselves are capable of detonation or explosivereaction bur require a strong initiating source or which must be heatedunder confinement before initiation or which must be heated underconfinement before initiation or which react explosively with water.

2 Materials which in themselves are normally unstable and readily undergoviolent chemical change but do not detonate. Also materials which mayreact violently with water or which may form potentially explosivemixtures with water.

1 Materials which in themselves are normally stable, but which can becomeunstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or which may reactwith water with some release of energy but not violently.

0 Materials which in themselves are normally stable, even under fireexposure conditions, and which are not reactive with water.

METEOROLOGICAL DATA

The atmosphere acts like a large non-homogeneous reactor with several accompanying

complimentary phenomena. Meteorological information plays an important role in the risk

analysis. The atmospheric stability conditions, wind speed, wind directions, humidity etc. are

necessary to find the damage potential due to any chemical release.

Atmospheric stability is important with regard to the extent to which it suppresses or

enhances the vertical movement in the air’s turbulent motion. This is most strongly a function

of vertical temperature profile in the atmosphere. If a volume of air rises, it would normally

be expected to coal as it expands. If the rate of cooling with height by this process equals the

vertical temperature profile then turbulence is neither suppressed nor enhanced. Such

conditions are termed neutral. If the vertical temperature profile is more marked then

turbulence is enhanced and if the profile is less marked then turbulence is suppressed.

Neutral conditions correspond to a rate of decrease in temperature with height of about 10 C

per 100 meters.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.8

Atmospheric stability is a very important factor for predicting the dispersion characteristics of

gases/vapors of the surrounding environment. Change in atmospheric stability is due to the

direct consequence of its vertical temperature structure.

For a given location, this tends to vary from season to season. Wind speed and stability

conditions/ should be obtained from local meteorological records whenever possible. Where

these stability data are not available, the stability effects are mathematically represented

through pasquill parameters.

In Pasquill stability categorisation, class A is the one having most unstable and class F is the

most stable weather condition. An unstable weather condition promotes better dispersion; a

high wind speed and high incoming solar radiation favour the formation of unstable weather

condition. Turbulence induced by buoyancy forces in the atmosphere is closely related to the

vertical temperature structure. The magnitude of atmospheric temperature gradient is

compared against the Adiabatic Lapse Rate (ALR=0.980C/100m), which is the rate of

temperature change with height for a parcel of dry air rising adiabatically. In neutral stability

the gradient is equal to the ALR. Stable conditions refer to a gradient less than the ALR

(ultimately to a temperature inversion) and unstable conditions to greater than the ALR.

Stability Class Atmospheric ConditionA Very UnstableB UnstableC Slightly UnstableD NeutralE StableF Very Stable

Condition of atmospheric stability is estimated by a suitable method that uses dispersion

parameters viz., vertical temperature gradient, and wind profile and roughness factor. The

roughness factor for the area is small since it mainly comprises of plain land. In general, very

stable and stable conditions are highly favourable for evaporation and dispersion of gases and

hence for maximum credible accident calculations, only these stability conditions will be

assumed.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.9

7.10 RESULTS OF CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

Maximum Credible Accident and Consequence (MCAC) Analysis aims at identifying the

unwanted hazardous events which can cause damage to human beings and the environment

in and around proposed alcohol storage facilities at project site. For this purpose a host of

probable or potential accident scenarios have been visualized, examined, screened and the

credibility of the most probable events established.

The following steps have been followed for the analysis:

A detailed study of the storage and handling information

Identification of representative failure cases of the tanks.

Consequence analysis of the release cases and shortlisting of the most hazardous events.

The release scenarios are selected based on hazard identification, past accident data and

engineering judgement. Chemicals handled in this transfer operation are basically non-boiling

in nature. Spillage of these chemicals may lead to heat radiation effects.

7.10.1 IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARD AREAS

The facilities are examined along with the terminal layout. An inventory of the amount of

various chemicals to be stored is made. The consequence in terms of heat radiation due to

release of chemicals are broadly analysed.

7.10.2 RELEASE SCENARIOS

The release of chemical from the pipe line over the ground from the land point to the storage

terminal, storage tank failure are all the possible scenarios. Failure of underground pipe line

has not been considered credible. Even in case of such a failure, the released material will be

confined underground and is unlikely to find an ignition source.

7.10.3 SOURCE STRENGTH ESTIMATION

Mathematical models are employed to estimate the outflow the liquids. In general, liquid

release can be expected from pipe failures as the pipe line extends over a long distance. The

released liquid will form the pool which can spread. The most vulnerable section of the piping

network will be near flanges, valves and other fittings. It may be worthwhile for Ganpati Sugar

Industries Limited to provide some sort of collecting mechanism to hold any unexpected

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EIA report – Chapter 77.10

release near the loading area and isolation valves. Major failures of pipe line will lead to pool

formation which on ignition can lead to pool fire.

7.10.4 CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS

Consequence Analysis is a tool to estimate the potential damage due to accidental release of

a hazardous chemical. A large number of failure cases can lead to the same type of

consequences hence representative failure cases are selected for this analysis.

The release scenarios are selected based on hazard identification, past accident data and

engineering judgment. Alcohol, which is proposed to be handled in this storage and transfer

operation, is basically non-boiling in nature. Spillage of the alcohol, if it finds any ignition

source, may lead to heat radiation effects.

7.10.5 HEAT RADIATION EFFECTS DUE TO POOL FIRE

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited handles alcohol which is basically non-boiling liquid; it can

cause heat radiation effects due to pool fires. The release of combustible liquid can take place

due to catastrophic rupture of the tank itself or rupture of a transfer line. In case of a transfer

line, the spillage can be stopped through isolation valves. However, in case of rupture of tanks

or the line close to the tank (before isolation valve), the release can be large enough to fill the

bund. This may likely to result in a pool fire in case of immediate ignition. This could be the

worst possible scenario in the storage area as far as the heat radiation effects are concerned.

It is found that pool fires generally tend to have localized effects and are mainly of concern in

establishing the potential for cascade effects and employee safety zones rather than for any

off-site problem. The estimation of damage distance can help in solving issues connected with

inter tank spacing, thermal insulation, fire/wall barrier specification etc.

The estimation of heat radiation depends on the bund size (which is same as pool volume in

the case of catastrophic rupture of the tank leading to spillage of large quantity of the

chemical), burning rate (a property which depends on the heat of combustion and latent heat

of vaporization), surface emitted power (which takes into consideration the radiated fraction

of total combustion power), besides the atmospheric transmissivity and geometric view

factor. However, the following points are to be noted:

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EIA report – Chapter 77.11

Duration of burning varies with the quantity spilled. However, it does not have any

direct of effect on the radiation levels.

Burning rate is independent of the meteorological conditions so long as sufficient oxygen

is available in the atmosphere. We assume complete combustion in our calculation.

The pool fire doesn’t depend on the material of construction of bund and bund floor.

However, the surface emitted power by the chemical is included in the mathematical

calculation.

It should be noted that the damage distances due to heat radiation is independent of the

quantity spilled. It depends on the area exposed. However, the quantity will determine the

duration of the fire.

Release of flammable liquid followed by ignition may lead to pool fire. The transfer lines of

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited mostly will go over the ground all over the storage terminal.

Release and spreading of chemicals at the storage tank area is quite possible.

In case of leak / rupture of transfer line at the storage terminal may spill and spread the

chemical. On immediate ignition the scenario will be spreading of burning pool. Delayed

ignition may also lead to spreading of burning pool or confined pool fire if there are bunds.

Spreading burning pools cause less damage than the pool fire resulting after spreading as the

spreading area is less due to loss of chemicals in the burning. In case of leak of underground

lines, released chemicals will diffuse from the ground and form a pool on the ground but

quantity in the pool will be low as the ground itself acts as an obstruction. On ignition, this

will damage pipeline due to heating which leads to catastrophic failure of transfer line.

Nevertheless, this situation has remote probability.

The thermal radiation effects due to pool fires at the storage terminal are calculated and the

results are presented in Table 7.5

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EIA report – Chapter 77.12

TABLE 7.5

THERMAL RADIATION EFFECTES DUE TO FIRE

S.No. Thermal radiation intensity(KW/m2)

Hazard distance (m)

1 37.5 32 12.5 83 4.0 17

4 KW/m2 thermal radiation intensity occurs at a distance of 17m and will be within the

premises. Hence no outside population would be affected due to the pool fire scenario.

There will be no effect on any structure related to the plant.

A heat radiation effect of 37.5 KW/m2 can cause sufficient damage to adjacent units and

fatality rates will be 100%. 12.5 KW/m2 level can cause ignition of wood, melt plastic tubing

etc., while 4.0 KW/m2 can cause pain to personnel if unable to reach cover within 20s.

However, blistering of the skin (second degree burns) is likely but the lethality level will be

zero. The firemen with protective clothing can handle the fire without discomfort under this

heat radiation level.

If a tank ruptures and results in a pool fire, this will spread to other tanks in the same

enclosure. If the other tanks/bunds also catch fire because of the cascade effects, the

difference will mainly be that the total heat flux will remain the same but the fire will last for

a longer duration. This is because the scenario chosen covers the chemical with maximum

radiation intensity and maximum quantity.

7.11 FREQUENCY / PROBABILITY ESTIMATION

The reliability data of pipelines and atmospheric storage tanks are presented here from the

international database. These cannot be taken as absolute values as there is no information

available for Indian conditions. Therefore, these can be taken indicative values

The probability of tank failures, pipe ruptures and ignition are presented below:

Atmospheric storage tank failure rate 1 x 10-5/yr

Pipe line failure (pipe lengths between connections)

25 mm $ or less 30 x 10-6/yr

50 mm $ 7.5 x 10-6/yr

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EIA report – Chapter 77.13

100 mm $ 4 x 10-6/yr

150 mm $ or greater 3 x 10-6/yr

7.12 RECOMMENDATIONS

I. General Recommendations to Combat Liquid Pool Fires

The major hazard in a flammable storage may arise from pool fire of combustible liquid.

i. Removal of all ignition sources and maintaining sterile conditions in and all around the plant

area.

II. Measures for Containing Liquid Pool Fires

Pool fire in one part of the installation may spread to another unless it is adequately

contained. It is essential to provide spill-impounding areas popularly known as bunds to

prevent

Spread of liquid from the immediate spill area to other sections and if the liquid from the

immediate spill is ignited despite safety precautions, impounding areas will serve to

control the fire hazard by

Minimizing the fire size thus reducing radiant heat exposure to the surroundings

Localizing the need for fire protection.

III. General Recommendations

Joints in piping should be kept to a minimum. Piping more than 50 mm outside diameter

should have welded or welded flanged joints except when connecting to equipment fitted

with screwed connections. Piping 50 mm diameter and less may have screwed joints.

Where piping has screwed joints, which may be subjected to vibration, consideration

should be given to tack welding them to prevent them from coming loose.

To prevent the accumulation of static electricity metal piping should be electrically

continuous so that the resistance to earth of the installation does not exceed 106 ohms.

Reference should be made to BIS 5958: Part 1:1980 for further information.

IV. Specific Recommendations

i. Hydrocarbon sensors may be provided at the vulnerable areas and in case of any alcohol

vapor release, immediate action to be taken to dilute the alcohol vapor concentration by

suitable vapor dispersal mechanism.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.14

ii. The entire area has to be kept free from the sources of ignition and made sterile during

the storage, handling and transfer operation of all flammable chemicals.

iii. The piping design should conform to the codes and regulations.

iv. In case of a spill, mobile foam dispending system can be effective in reducing vapor

generation by minimizing surface area exposed to atmosphere in addition to providing

containment.

v. Other protective gadgets like gloves, DCP, CO2 Extinguishers should be made available.

The thick green belt to be developed will help to mitigate the radiation intensity level outside

plant boundary.

7. 13 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.13.1 DISASTERS

A disaster is catastrophic situation in which suddenly, people are plunged into helplessness

and suffering and as a result, need protection, clothing, shelter, medical and social care and

other necessities of life.

Disasters can be divided into two main groups. In the first, are Disasters resulting from natural

phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, cyclones, tropical storms, floods,

avalanches, landslides etc. The second group includes disastrous events occasioned by man,

or by man’s impact upon the environment. Examples are industrial accidents, radiation

accidents, factory fires, explosions and escape of toxic gases or chemical substances, river

pollution, mining or other structural collapses, air, sea, rail and road transport accidents and

can reach catastrophic dimensions in terms of human loss.

There can be no set criteria for assessing the gravity of a disaster in the abstract since

depends to a large extent on the physical, economic and social environment in which it

occurs. What would be considered a major disaster in developing country, will be equipped to

cope with the problems involved, may not mean more than temporary emergency elsewhere.

However all disasters bring in their wake similar consequences that call for immediate action,

whether at the local, national or international level, for the rescue and relief of the victims.

This includes the search for the dead and injured, medical and social care, removal of the

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EIA report – Chapter 77.15

debris, the provision of temporary shelter for the homeless food, clothing and medical

supplies, and the rapid reestablishment of essential services.

7.13.2 OBJECTIVES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT OF PLAN

The disaster Management Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment,

protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operations in this same order

of priorities. For effective implementation of Disaster Management Plan, it will be widely

circulated and personnel training through rehearsals.

The Disaster Management Plan would reflect the probable consequential severity of

undesired event due to deteriorating conditions or through knock on effects. Further the

management should be able to demonstrate that their assessment of the consequences uses

good supporting evidence and based on currently available and reliable information, incident

data from internal and external sources and if necessary the reports of out side agencies.

To tackle the consequences of a major emergency inside the factory or immediate vicinity of

the factory, a Disaster Management Plan has to be formulated and this planned emergency is

called Disaster Management Plan.

The objective of the Industrial Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined

resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following.

Minimise damage to property and the environment.

Effect the rescue and medical treatment of causalities.

Provide for the needs of relatives.

Provide authoritative information to news media.

Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas.

Safeguard other people.

Initially contain and then ultimately bring the situation under the control.

Preserve subsequent records and equipment for subsequent enquiry the cause and

circumstances leading to emergency.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.16

7.13.3 EMERGENCIES

7.13.3.1 GENERAL, INDUSTRIAL, EMERGENCIES

The emergencies that could be envisaged in the plant are as follows:

Pool fire scenario due to storage of R.S / ENA / Ethanol.

Contamination of food / water.

Sabotage / social disorder.

Structural failures.

Slow isolated fires

Earthquakes.

7.13.3.2. SPECIFIC EMERGENCIES ANTICIPATED

Fire consequences can be disastrous as they involve in huge quantities of fuel. During the

study of risk assessment, the probabilities of occurrence of hazards are worked out along with

the nature of damage. This is the reason why one should study risk assessment in conjunction

with DMP.

7.13.3.3 EMERGENCY ORGANIZATIONS

It is recommended to setup an Emergency Organisation. A senior executive who has control

over the affairs of the plant would be heading the Emergency Organisation. He would be

designated as Site Controller. In case of stores, utilities, open areas which are the not under

the control of production heads, executive responsible for maintenance of utilities would be

designated as Incident Controller. All the Incident Controller would be reporting to the site

controller. Each Incident Controller, for himself, organises a team responsible for controlling

the incidence with the personnel under his control. Shift Incharge would be the reporting

Officer, who would bring the incidence to the notice of the Incidence Controller and Site

Controller.

Emergency Coordinators would be appointed who would be undertake the responsibilities

like fire fighting, rescue, rehabilitation, transport and support services. For this purposes,

Security Incharge, Personal Department, Essential services personnel would be engaged. All

these personnel would be designated as key personnel.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.17

In each shift, electrical supervisor, electrical filters, pump house Incharge and other

maintenance staff would be drafted for emergency operations. In the event of power

communication system failure, some of staff members in the office/ plant offices would be

drafted and their services would be utilised as messengers for quick passing of

communications. All these personnel would be declared as essential personnel.

7.13.3.4 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION

Whoever notices an emergency situation such as fire, growth of fire, leakage etc. would

inform his immediate superior and Emergency Control Center. The person on duty in the

Emergency Control Centre would appraise the site controller. Site controller verifies the

situation from the Incident Controller of that area or the shift Incharge and takes a decision

about an implementing on Site Emergency. This would be communicated to all the Incident

Controllers, Emergency Coordinators. Simultaneously, the emergency warning system would

be activated on the instructions of the Site Controller.

7.13.3.5. EMERGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES

The responsibilities of the key personnel are appended below:

7.13.3.5.1 SITE CONTROLLER

On receiving information about emergency he would rush to Emergency Control Centre and

take charge of ECC and the situation and assesses the magnitude of the situation on the

advice of incident controller and decides.

Whether affected area needs to be evacuated.

Whether personnel who are at assembly points need to be evacuated.

Declares Emergency and orders for operation of emergency siren.

Organises announcement by public address system about location of emergency.

Assesses which areas are likely to be affected, or need to be evacuated or are to be

altered.

Maintains a continuous review of possible development and assesses the situation in

consultation with Incident Controller and other key personnel whether shutting down the

plant or any section of the plant required and if evacuation of persons is required.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.18

Directs personnel of rescue, rehabilitation, transport, fire brigade, medical and other

designated mutual support systems locally available, for meeting emergencies.

Controls evacuation of affected areas, if the situation is likely to go out of control or

effects are likely to go beyond the premises of the factory, informs to District Emergency

Authority, Police, Hospital and seeks their intervention and help.

Informs Inspector of factories, Deputy Chief Inspector of factories, SPCB and other

statutory authorities.

Gives public statement if necessary.

Keeps record of chronological events and prepares an investigation report and preserves

evidence.

On completion of onsite Emergency and restoration of normalcy, declares all clear and orders

for all clear warning.

7 .13.3.5.2 INCIDENT CONTROLLER

Assembles the incident control team.

Directs operations within the affected areas with the priorities for safety to personnel

minimise damage to the plant, property and environment and minimise the loss of

materials.

Directs the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas likely to be adversely

affected by the emergency.

Ensures that all-key personnel help is sought.

Provides advice and information to the Fire and Security officer and the local Fire Services

as and when they arrive.

Ensures that all non-essential workers / staff of the effected areas evacuated to the

appropriate assembly points and the areas are searched for causalities.

Has regard to the need for preservation of evidence so as to facilitate any enquiry into the

cause and circumstances, which caused or escalated the emergency.

Coordination on with emergency services at the site.

Provides tools and safety equipments to the team members.

Keeps in touch with the team and advise them regarding the method of control to be

used.

Keep the site Controller of Emergency informed of the progress being made.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.19

7.13.3.5.3 EMERGENCY COORDINATOR - RESCUE, FIRE FIGHTING

On knowing about emergency, rushes to Emergency Control Centre.

Helps the incident controller in containment of the emergency.

Ensure fire pumps in operating conditions and instructions pump house operator to be

ready for any emergency, which stand arrangement.

Guides the fire fighting crew i.e. Firemen trained plant personnel and security staff.

Organises shifting the fire fighting facilities to the emergency site, if required.

Takes guidance of the Incident Controller for firefighting as well as assesses the

requirements of outside help.

Arranges to control the traffic at the gate and the incident area / Directs the security staff

to the incident site to take part in the emergency operations under his guidance and

supervision.

Evacuates the people in the plant or in the near by areas as advised by site controller

Searches for casualties and arranges proper aid for them.

Assembles search and evacuation team.

Arranges for safety equipments for the members of this team.

Decides which paths the evacuated workers should follow.

Maintains law and order in the area, and if necessary seeks the help of police.

7.13.3.5.4 EMERGENCY COORDINATOR - MEDICAL, MUTUAL AID, REHABILITATION, TRANSPORTAND COMMUNICATION

In the event of failure of electric supply and there by internal telephone, sets up

communication point and establishes contact with the Emergency Control Center (ECC).

Organises medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the injured to near

by hospitals.

Mobilises extra medical help from outside, if necessary

Keeps a list of qualified persons first aiding workers of the factory and seek their

assistance.

Maintains first aid and medical emergency requirements.

Makes sure that all safety equipment are made available to the emergency team.

Assists Site Controller with necessary data and to coordinate the emergency activities.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.20

Assists Site Controller in updating emergency plan.

Maintains liaison with Civil Administration.

Ensure availability of canteen facilities and maintenance of rehabilitation centre.

He will be in liaison with Site Controller / Incident Controller.

Ensures availability of necessary cash for rescue / rehabilitation and emergency

expenditure.

Controls rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation of emergency.

Makes available diesel, petrol for transport vehicles engaged in emergency operation.

7 .13.3.5.5 EMERGENCY COORDINATOR – ESSENTIAL SERVICES

He would assist Site Controller and Incident Controller

Maintains essential services like Diesel Generator, Water, Firewater, Compressed Air /

Instrument Air, Power Supply for lighting.

He would plan alternate facilities in the event of power failure, to maintain essential

services such as lighting, etc.

He would organize separate electrical connections for all utilities and during emergency or

fires, essential services and utilities are not affected.

Gives necessary instructions regarding emergency electrical supply, isolation of certain

sections etc. to shift Incharge and electricians.

Ensure availability of adequate quantities of protective equipment and other emergency

materials, spares etc.

7.13.3.5.6 GENERAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMPLOYEES DURING AN EMERGENCY

During an emergency, it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an emergency

warning is raised, the workers if they are incharge of process equipment should adopt safe

and emergency shut down and attend any prescribed duty as essential employee. If no such

responsibility is assigned, he should adopt a safe course to assembly point and await

instructions. He should not resort to spread panic. On the other hand, he must assist

emergency personnel towards objectives of DMP.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.21

7.13. 3.6 EMERGENCY FACILITIES

7.13.3.6.1 EMERGENCY CONTROL CENTRE

Office block will be identified as Emergency control centre. It would have external Telephone

and Fax facility. All the Incident controller officers, senior personnel would be located here.

The following information and equipment will be provided at the Emergency control centre

(ECC).

Intercom, telephone

P&T telephone

Fire suit / gas tight goggles / gloves / helmets

Factory layout, site plan

Emergency lamp / torchlight

Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, plant control room, locations of safety

equipment, road plan, assembly points, rescue location vulnerable zones, escape routes.

Hazard chart

Breathing apparatus

Wind direction, wind velocity indications

Public Address Megaphone, Hand bell, Telephone directories (Internal, P&T).

Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, Emergency coordinator.

Important addresses, telephone numbers such as experts from outside,

Government agencies neighboring industries etc

Emergency shutdown procedures

Nominal roll of employees

7.13.3.6.2 EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY

Plant facilities would be connected to Diesel Generator and would be placed in auto mode.

7.13.3.6.3 FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES

First Aid Firefighting equipment suitable for emergency should be maintained as per

stationary requirements as well as per TAC Regulations. Fire hydrant line converting major

areas would be laid. It would be maintained as 6 kg / sq. cm. Pressure.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.22

7.13.3.6.4 LOCATION OF WINDSOCK

On the top of each main block and on the top of administrative block wind sock would be

installed to indicate direction of wind during emergency period.

7.13.3.6.5 EMERGENCY MEDICAL FACILITIES

Gas masks and general first aid materials for dealing with chemical burns, fire burns etc.

would be maintained in the medical centre as well as in the emergency control room. Private

medical practitioners help would be sought. Government hospital would be approached for

emergency help.

Apart from plant first aid facilities, external facilities would be augmented. Names of Medical

Personnel, Medical facilities in Sangareddy town would be prepared and updated. Necessary

specific medicines for emergency treatment of Burns patients, and for those affected by

toxicity would be maintained.

Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment would be provided and

maintained. The help of near by industrial managements in this regard would be taken on

mutual support basis.

7.13.3.7 EMERGENCY ACTIONS

7.13.3.7.1 EMERGENCY WARNING

Communication of emergency would be made familiar to the personnel inside the plant and

people outside. An emergency warning system would be established.

7.13.3.7.2 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN

There are number of facilities which can be provided to the help deal with hazard conditions.

The suggested arrangements are

# Stop feed

# Deluge contents

# Remove heat

# Transfer contents

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EIA report – Chapter 77.23

7.13.3.7.3 EVACUATION OF PERSONNEL

The area would have adequate number of exits, staircase. In the event of an emergency

unconnected personnel have to escape to assembly point. Operators have to take emergency

shutdown procedure and escape. Time office maintains a copy of deployment of employees

in each shift at Emergency Communication Centre. If necessary, persons can be evacuated by

rescue teams.

7.13.3.7.4 ALL CLEAR SIGNAL

At the end of emergency, after discussing with Incident Controllers and Emergency

Coordinators, the site controller orders an all clear signal.

7.14 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH (TOR # 75 & 76)

In large scale industries where multifarious activities are involved during construction,

erection, testing, commissioning, operation and maintenance, the men, materials and

machines are the basic inputs. Along with the booms, the industrialization generally brings

several problems like occupational health and safety. Occupational health needs attention

both during construction and operation phases. However the problem varies both in

magnitude and variety in the above phases.

7.14.1 CONSTRUCTION & ERECTION

The occupational health problems envisaged at this stage can be mainly due to constructional

accident and noise.

To overcome these hazards, in addition to arrangements to reduce it within TLV’S, personnel

protective equipments should also be supplied to workers.

7.14.2 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE

The working personnel will be given the following appropriate personnel protective

equipments.

Industrial Safety helmets

Crash helmets

Face shield with replacement acrylic vision

Zero power plain goggles with cut type filters on both ends

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EIA report – Chapter 77.24

Zero power goggles with cut type filters on both sides and blue colour glasses

Welders equipment for eye and face protection

Cylindrical type earplug

Ear plugs

Canister gas masks

Self contained breathing apparatus

Leather apron

Boiler suit

Safety belt / line man's safety belt

Leather hand gloves

Asbestos hand gloves

Canvas cum leather hand gloves with leather palm

Industrial safety shoes with steel toe

Electrical safety shoes without steel toe and gum boots

7.14.3 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

Occupational Health Surveillance (OHS) shall be under taken as regular exercise for all the

employees specifically for those engaged in handling hazardous substances. All the first aid

facilities shall be provided in the Occupational Health Centre. The medical records of each

employee shall be maintained separately.

Occupational health centre for medical examination of employees with all the basic facilities

will be established with in the plant.

The noise levels in critical area shall be monitored regularly and the workers at high noise

level generating areas should under go audiometric tests once in six months.

Capital amount of Rs. 0.75 crores will be allocated for Occupational Health & Safety and Rs. 2

Lakhs will be recurring cost / per annum.

Anticipated Occupational & Safety Hazards

Heat Stress & Stroke

Physical activity

Extremes of age, poor physical condition, fatigue

Excessive clothing

Dehydration

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EIA report – Chapter 77.25

Cardiovascular disease

Skin disorders

Noise

Dust Exposure

Illumination

Burns and shocks due electricity

EMP for the Occupational Safety & Health hazards

The health of workers can be protected by adopting the following measures:

Proper Designing of building, Work area.

Relaxation facilities to workers with good ventilation & air circulation. This will

help in relieving of thermal stress.

Good Housekeeping practices.

Well engineered ventilation & exhaust system.

Enclosure.

Isolation of specific areas

Enforcement of usage of Personal Protective Devices.

Regular Work Environment Monitoring

Statistical Monitoring

Working hours

Rotation of employees in specific areas to avoid continuous exposure

Frequency Of Periodical Examination:

For employees <30 Years once in five years

Between 31-50 Years once in four years

Between 41-50 Years once in two years

Above >50 years once a year

Plan of pre placement and periodical health status of workers:

Pre-employment checkup will be made mandatory and following test will be conducted:

• Plan of evaluation of health of workers

• Chest x rays

• Audiometry

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EIA report – Chapter 77.26

• Spirometry

• Vision testing (Far & Near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect)

• ECG

• Haemogram (examination of the blood)

• Urine (Routine and Microscopic)

• Complete physical examination

Musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD)

Backache

Pain in minor and major joints

Fatigue, etc.

• Medical records of each employee will be maintained separately and will be updated as

per finding during monitoring.

• Medical records of the employee at the end of his / her term will be updated.

7.15 SAFETY PLAN

Safety of both men and materials during construction and operation phases is of concern. The

preparedness of an industry for the occurrence of possible disasters is known as emergency

plan. The disaster in any plant is possible due to collapse of structures and fire / explosion etc.

Keeping in view the safety requirement during construction, operation and maintenance,

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited has formulated safety policy with the following regulations.

To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design,

construction, operation, and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment.

To allocate sufficient resources to maintain safe and healthy conditions to work.

To ensure that adequate safety to instructions are given to all employees.

To provide protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing and to ensure their

proper use.

To inform employees about materials, equipment, or processes used in the work, which

are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety

To promote the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety to ensure

effective participation by all employees.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.27

To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary

changes from the point of view safety in the light of experience and up to date

knowledge.

To provide appropriate facilities for first aid and prompt treatment of injuries and illness

at work.

To provide appropriate instructions, training and supervision to employees health and

safety, first aid and to ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters.

To ensure proper implementation of fire preventive methods and an appropriate

firefighting service together training facilities for personnel involved in this service.

To publish / notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language of

employees.

To prepare separate safety rules for each type of process involved.

To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all

buildings, equipments, work places and operations.

7.15.1 SAFETY ORGANISATION

7.15.1.1 CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION PHASE:

A qualified and experienced safety officer will be appointed. The responsibilities of the safety

officers include identification of the hazardous conditions and unsafe acts of workers and

advice on corrective actions, conduct safety audit, organize training programmes and provide

professional expert advice on various issues related to Occupational Safety and Health.

7.15.1.2 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE PHASE

When the construction is completed the posting of safety officers will be in accordance with

the requirement of factories act and their duties and responsibilities should be as defined

there off.

7.15.1.3 SAFETY CIRCLE

In order to fully develop the capabilities of the employees in identification of hazardous

processes and improving safety and health, safety circles would be constituted in each area of

work. The circle would consist of 5-6 employees from that area. The circle normally should

meet for about an hour every week.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.28

7.15.1.4 SAFETY TRAINING

Safety training will be provided by the safety officers to all the employees with the assistance

of faculty members called from professional safety institutions and universities. In addition to

regular employees, limited contractor labours are also provided with safety training.

To create safety awareness safety films will be shown to workers and leaflets etc. will be

distributed.

Compartmentalization of the cable galleries, use of proper sealing techniques of cable

passages and crevices in all directions would help in localising and identifying the area of

occurrence of fire as well as ensure effective automatic and manual firefighting

operations.

Spread of fire in horizontal direction would be checked by providing fire stops for cable

shafts.

Reliable and dependable type of fire detection system with proper zoning and interlocks

for alarms

Housekeeping of high standard helps in eliminating the causes of fire and strengthens fire

prevention and firefighting.

7.15.1.5 HEALTH AND SAFETY MONITORING PLAN

The potential occupational hazardous work places will be monitored regularly. The health of

employees working in these areas will be monitored once in a year.

7.16 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The local areas will be benefited by way of generation of employment opportunities,

increased demand for local products and services. There will be an overall improvement in

the income level of the local people.

The project creates employment to about 30 persons once the plant is commissioned and for

500 persons during construction stage. Priority will be given to locals for Semi-Skilled and

Unskilled workers. With the development of this Plant there will be lot of scope for more

industrial investments which in turn will benefit the nation.

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EIA report – Chapter 77.29

The project proponent intends to provide welfare activities recreational facilities in the

surrounding villages once the plant commences production. The project proponent intends to

conduct regular health checkups in the surrounding villages. Therefore there will be a certain

enhancement of educational and medical standards of people in the study area. There will be

generally positive and beneficial impacts by way of economic improvements, transportation,

aesthetic environment and business generation. There will be an overall upliftment of socio-

economic status of people in the area.

7.17 R & R ACTION PLAN (TOR # 69)

There is no habitation in the proposed project site. Hence no Rehabilitation & Resettlement

Action Plan has been envisaged in the proposed Distillery project.

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EIA report – Chapter 88.1

CHAPTER – 8PROJECT BENEFITS

8.0 SOCIO – ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

8.1 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Once the Distillery project is commissioned the socio-economic status of the local people will

improve and there by infrastructure facilities like communication systems and others will

improve.

8.2 SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

With the implementation of the Distillery project, the socio-economic status of the local

people will improve substantially. The land rates in the area will improve in the nearby areas

due to the proposed plant. This will help in upliftment of the social status of the people in the

area. Educational institutions will also come-up and will lead to improvement of educational

status of the people in the area. Medical facilities will certainly improve due to the proposed

Distillery project.

8.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

The proposed project creates employment to 500 people during construction and 40 people

during operation of the plant.

8.3.1 SKILLED

Total skilled employment in the proposed plant will be 10

8.3.2 SEMI-SKILLED

Total Semi-skilled employment in the proposed plant will be 15. Priority will be given to local

people for semi-skilled jobs.

8.3.3 UNSKILLED

Total Unskilled employment in the proposed plant will be 15. Priority will be given to local

people for unskilled jobs.

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EIA report – Chapter 88.2

8.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC WELFARE ACTIVITIES (CSR ACTIVITIES) (TOR # 82)

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited will contribute to improve the Socio economic conditions of

the area by providing assistance for local persons preferable from the nearby villages. The

following activities will be taken up:

Organizing General Medical Camps & Distribution of Medicines in the villages

Conducting Eye Checkup Camps in nearby villages and providing spectacles and medicines

to the needy people

Providing tri-cycles to Physically Handicapped people living nearby villages

Conducting sporting events in the villages

Conducting free medical checkup camps at the villages level

Providing Sanitation Facilities in Villages/Schools

Providing scholarships to the meritorious students in the villages

Setting up of drinking water outlets in schools and village centers

Construction of toilets with water facility in schools

Supply of drinking water through tankers in villages on need basis

Supply of sports kits/gym equipments/public address systems to villages

Providing street lights in villages

Providing technical training in the plant to the unemployed youth from the villages

Helping local farmers by providing training through the agriculture department

A budget of Rs. 2.875 Crores will be allocated for conducting CSR activities in the surrounding

villages.

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EIA report – Chapter 99.1

CHAPTER – 9ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

BENEFITS TO COUNTRY: ETHANOL AS A FUEL

Ethanol is mainly produced from sugarcane molasses. Sugarcane is a renewable source of

energy. Sugarcane cultivation is an efficient method of converting ‘solar energy’ into ‘stored

energy’. Thus, use of ethanol as oxygenating agent or fuel-extender would conserve fossil

fuels and would reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Addition of fuel-ethanol to petrol has several advantages, especially in a country like India.

Use of ethanol in place of tetraethyl lead or MTBE will prevent dangerous and poisonous

emissions containing lead or MTBE from petrol. It will not require any catalytic converter for

the vehicles. Use of ethanol in petrol reduces emission of carbon monoxide. This will reduce

pollution, since this is a major cause of vehicular pollution in India. Ethanol is made from

renewable sources of energy i.e. based on agricultural products. Thus, it is not a depleting

resource like petrol. Use of ethanol helps in maintaining the ‘carbon cycle’ of nature. Carbon

dioxide in the atmosphere is converted by agricultural crops like sugarcane or corn into

carbonaceous materials like sugar and starch using solar energy. This sugar or starch can be

converted into ethanol. This ethanol is used in vehicles to produce energy along with petrol.

This combustion in internal combustion engines converts ethanol into carbon dioxide. This

carbon dioxide can again be converted into sugar or starch. Thus, the ‘carbon cycle’ of nature

continues.

This ‘carbon cycle’ uses solar energy, which otherwise would have been wasted. Use of fossil

fuels alone to generate energy only increases content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,

disturbing the natural balance. Sustaining the ‘carbon cycle’ reduces the ‘greenhouse effect.’

Use of ethanol, which is mostly a ‘home grown’ product reduces dependence on the

politically sensitive Middle – East region. India has vast agricultural waste

resources like sugarcane molasses to gainfully convert into ethanol. Blending of petrol using

ethanol even at 5% directly saves that much petrol. Thus, we could reduce import of crude oil

by 5%. This quantity is huge at national level. Hence, we could able to save valuable foreign

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EIA report – Chapter 99.2

exchange and strengthen our economy. This could also help in controlling/regulating the

prices of petrol in the market, since ethanol is cheaper compared to

petrol. Overall, it could have manifold effect on economy.

ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Raw material i.e. molasses and bagasse is readily available from the sugar factory

Solid filler materials like press mud to dispose the highly concentrated spent wash is

readily available within sugar factory. Hence, saving of raw material as well as filler

materials cost.

Disposal of molasses, press mud and ash will get solved due to the proposed unit

Generation of energy (Biogas) from wastewater i.e. spent wash; thus, direct emission

of methane will get avoided. Methane is a greenhouse gas having 23 time higher

global warming potential than carbon dioxide

Utilization of Biogas as a fuel for boiler and thus saving more bagasse for offseason

that will be utilized for cogeneration activity

Recycling of soil nutrients by bio-compost; thus, Increasing soil fertility

Recycling/reuse of treated water will save fresh water intake

Exhaust steam from cogeneration unit will be used for distillery operations, hence it

will save energy (fuel) as well as water

Sugar factory solid waste like press mud, ash and waste sludge from ETP can covert in

to the bio-manure

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EIA report – Chapter 1010.1

CHAPTER – 10ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.0 INTRODUCTION

The major objective and benefit of utilising Environmental Impact Assessment in project

planning stage itself is to prevent avoidable losses of environmental resources and values as a

result of Environmental Management. Environmental Management includes protection /

mitigation/enhancement measures as well as suggesting post project monitoring programme.

Environmental management may suggest revision of project site or operation to avoid

adverse impacts or more often additional project operations may have to be incorporated in

the conventional operation.

The industrial development in the study area needs to be intertwined with judicious

utilization of non-renewable resources of the study area and with in the limits of permissible

assimilative capacity. The assimilative capacity of the study area is the maximum amount of

pollution load that can be discharged in the environment without affecting the designated

use and is governed by dilution, dispersion, and removal due to physico-chemical and

biological processes. Detailed Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure

sustainable development in the study area of the plant. Hence it needs to be an all

encompassive plan for which the proposed industry, Government, Regulating agencies likes

Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the affected population

of the study area need to extend their cooperation and contribution.

It has been evaluated that the study area is likely to get new economical fillip. The affected

environmental attributes in the region are air quality, water quality, soil, land use, ecology

and public health.

The Management Action Plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the possible

extent with the available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures before

they are discharged. Environmental Management aims at the preservation of ecosystem by

considering the pollution abatement facilities at the plant inception. In the upcoming modern

i.exe

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EIA report – Chapter 1010.2

integrated sugar plants, pollution abatement has become an integral part of planning and

design along with Techno economic factors.

10.1 MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE (TOR # 81)

Environmental pollution is inevitable during the construction phase. The project proponent

will take appropriate steps to control pollution during construction phase. The following are

the factors requiring control during construction phase.

10.1.1 SITE PREPARATION

At the time of construction there will be a substantial quantity of soil and debris and produce

large quantities of unstable material. The disturbed slopes shall be well stabilized before the

on set of the monsoon. The leveling operation would also involve piling up of backfill

materials. Use of dust suppressant spraying to minimize fugitive dust during construction

activities is recommended. Dust masks will be provided to all workers working in the dust

prone areas. Good house keeping and proper maintenance will be practiced which will help in

further controlling the dust emissions during construction phase.

10.1.2 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

The employees at the proposed project site will be provided with water for their requirement

and for the construction activities. The proposed construction site will be provided with

sufficient and suitable toilet facilities to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities

would preferably be connected to a septic tank and will be maintained properly to have least

environmental impact. The existing facilities will be used during construction phase.

10.1.3 NOISE

Noise levels may increase during the construction phase due to the usage of various

construction equipment such as mechanical vibrator, mixers etc. The noise effect on the

nearest habitations due to construction activity will be negligible. However, it is advisable that

onsite workers working near the noise generating equipment will be provided with noise

protection devices like ear plugs.

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EIA report – Chapter 1010.3

10.1.4 MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES

One should be very careful in selecting the site for vehicle maintenance, so as to prevent the

ground water contamination due to the spillage of oil. Both diesel and petrol engine vehicles

will be maintained properly. Unauthorised dumping of waste oil should be prohibited. Wastes

should be disposed off at an approved dump.

10.1.5 WASTE

The solid waste will be collected, segregated and will be disposed off as per norms.

10.1.6 STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL

The following hazardous materials need to be stored at the site during construction.

a. Gas for welding purpose

b. LDO

c. Painting materials

All these materials would be stored as per international safety standards.

10.1.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT

The proposed project activities will not create any major impact on land environment. As

soon as the construction activity is over the surplus earth will be utilized to fill up low lying

areas, the rubbish will be cleared and all inbuilt surfaces will be reinstated. Appropriate

vegetation will then be planned and all such areas shall be landscaped. Extensive green belt is

proposed to be developed in the plant site in addition to the existing greenbelt.

10.2 POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE

10.2.1 AIR EMISSION MANAGEMENT

The steam requirement for the proposed Distillery project will be met from the 10 TPH boiler.

The fuel used for the 10 TPH Boiler will be Coal/Biomass. High efficiency bag filters will be

provided to boiler to bring down the particulate matter in the exhaust gas to less than 50

mg/Nm3 to comply with CREP recommendations. A stack height of 38 m will be provided for

effective dispersion of sulphur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. An interlocking system

will be provided to the Boiler in such a way that whenever the Bag filter fail, the raw material

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EIA report – Chapter 1010.4

feed to the boiler will stop and the boiler will trip down. Consequently there will be no steam

generation till Bagfilters is rectified. The following are the Technical specifications of Bag

filters

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR BAG FILTERS OF 10 TPH BOILER

S.No Description Unit Value

1 Gas Flow rate at Bag filters inlet m3/hr 42480

2 Gas temperature at Bag filters outlet oC 100

3 Outlet emission (Max.) mg/Nm3 < 50

4 Bag filters collection efficiency % 99.8

10.2.1.2 ACTION PLAN TO CONTROL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AS PER NAAQS STANDARDS(TOR # 62)

The particulate matter from the proposed project will be < 50 mg/ Nm3.

All the internal roads will be asphalted in the plant.

Water sprinklers will be installed at the raw material loading and unloading areas

Fly ash will be stored in silos only

Dust extraction system with bag filters will be provided at the dust emanating areas.

By following above control measures, we will comply with the National Ambient Air Quality

Standards issued by the Ministry vide G.S.R. No. 826(E) dated 16th November, 2009.

10.2.1.3 SECONDARY FUGITIVE EMISSION CONTROL MEASURES & MONITORING(TOR # 63)

The following measures will be taken up to prevent the fugitive dust emissions from the

proposed Distillery project.

Raw material unloading areas will be provided with dust suppression system.

All material transfer points will be provided with dust extraction system with bag filters.

All the conveyers will be covered to prevent the fly-off of fugitive dust.

All internal roads will be made pucca to prevent the fugitive dust to vehicular movement.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.5

The emission level will always be maintained below the stipulated standards. In the event of

failure of any pollution control system adopted by the unit, the respective unit will not be

restarted until the control system is rectified.

MONITORING OF SECONDARY FUGITIVE EMISSIONS

Secondary fugitive emissions will be generated at Raw Material feeding points. These

emissions will be monitored regularly as per CPCB guidelines & the reports will be submitted

to MoEF & SPCB.

Recommendations

a. The proposed air pollution control equipment will be installed prior to commissioning

the plant.

b. Stack emissions for PM, SO2 and NOx will be monitored regularly to meet the statutory

requirements.

c. All the internal roads will be asphalted to reduce the fugitive dust due to truck

movement.

10.2.2 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT (TOR # 6, 7, 9, 12, 60 & 61)

As per CPCB recommendations the spent wash quantity will be restricted to a maximum of 8

kl/kl of R.S. for Molasses by adopting continuous fermentation technology with yeast recycle.

The Maximum Spent wash input to Bio-methanation will be 240 KL/day

TREATMENT SCHEME

Spent wash generated will be treated in three stages

1. Bio-methanation

2. Evaporation

3. Bio-composting

BIO-METHANATION

"CSTR" continuous flow stirred-tank reactor process will be adopted for Bio-methanation,

which is based on the concept of conversion of organic matter into biogas. The process of

conversion of organic matter into biogas occurs through a group of bacteria.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.6

In 'CSTR' process, which is a high rate process, anaerobic digestion takes place in the

Mesophillic range of temperature, the pH inside the reactor is usually kept around 7.2 while

proper ratio of volatile acid and alkalinity is maintained.

The following three stages are involved in the process of anaerobic digestion

1. Hydrolysis: In the process of hydrolysis the complex molecular compounds i.e.

polymers are converted into the simple molecular form i.e. monomers.

2. Acidogenesis: The monomers so formed at the end of hydrolysis process are

converted into volatile fatty acids. Acetic acid forms the major portion of volatile fatty

acids. The process of conversion of monomers into acids is carried out by a group of

anaerobic bacteria known acid formers.

3. Methanogenesis: Acids produced at the end of Acidogenesis process are converted

into carbon dioxide and methane gases. The process of conversion of acid into gases

is carried out by group of anaerobic bacteria known as methane formers.

In CSTR process the bacteria responsible for digestion process are kept in suspension with

the help of Lateral as well as central mixers.

Sr. No Design Basis Input Outputi. Spent wash Volume 240 TPD @ 12 %w/w solids 240 TPD @5 %w/w solids

ii. BOD (mg/lit) 65000 85-90% reductioniii. COD (mg/lit) 120000 60-65% reductioniv. PH 3 to 4 6 to 7

SR. NO TREATMENT UNIT SPECIFICATION/VOLUME MOC1. Buffer Tank Capacity : 100 m3 RCC Lined Lagoon2. Bio digester feed Pump +

motorType-Open impeller; Horizontal,Centrifugal, Self Priming Cap-16m3/hr Qty-1+1 3 Phase squirrel

cage induction type MotorSINGLE MECHANICAL SEAL

SS316

3. CSTR Digester Capacity-10700 m3 Qty -1 nos Mild Steel, withepoxy coating inside

4. Flare Stack Overall Ht: 10.0 m Dia: 1.0 m MS with epoxycoating

5. Degasser Dia: 1.6 m Overall Ht: 10 m Mild Steel, with

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.7

SR. NO TREATMENT UNIT SPECIFICATION/VOLUME MOCepoxy coating inside

6. Lamella Clarifier Surface Area: suitable Mild Steel, epoxycoated inside

Provided with FRPPacks

7. Gas Holder Suitable capacity MS Dome + RCC Wetwell

8. Bio-Methanated Spentwash tank

Capacity : 50 m3 RCC

9. Lamella Sludgerecirculation pump

Horizontal Centrifugal Pumphaving 15 m3/Hr Discharge and 25

mtrs Head. Qty-1+1 SINGLEMECHANICAL SEAL

SS316

10. Agitators for Mixing inBio-digester

Quantity :4 Nos Wetted partSS304

11. Bio Gas Blower Rotary Twin Lobe typecompressor of 600 m3/nr capacity

with pressure rating of 2500mmHg. Provided with safety

Valve, Non Return Valve, Coupledwith flame proof motor

12. Lamella Clarifier Packs Lamella Packs in FRP Moldedsheets shall be provided. The

Lamella packs shall be inclined at60 Deg with horizontal. Each Plate

shall have area of 2 sqm. EachLamella Pack Shall has Plates of 1

m x 2m size each. Thickness ofFRP/PVC plates shall be of 3 mm

13. Liquid Flow Meter for SWfeed

Electro-magnetic flow meterhaving flow range of 0-18 m3/Hr,

SS 316 material

SS316

14. Gas Flow Meter Vortex type gas Flow meter tomeasure instantaneous and

integrated flow meter, bio gasflow 0-800 m3/Hr

15. Pressure gauges for liquidpressure measurement

Bourdon type pressure gaugeswith Vi" NPT connection, pressureratings 0-5.0 kg/cm2, 4" Dial Size

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.8

SR. NO TREATMENT UNIT SPECIFICATION/VOLUME MOC16. Pressure gauges for Gas

pressure measurement:Diaphragm type pressure gauges

with V-i" NPT connection,pressure ratings 0-700 mmwc g,

4" Dial Size.17. Temperature Gauges for

Panel Indication:Dia Type temperature Indicator

with 0-100 deg C range. Qty-2 nos—

18. Pressure switches forflare stake

Pressure switches for High & LowPressure Indication and Blower

operation. Qty-2 nos

19. Flame Arrestor: Suitable Dia. SS Flame arrestorsuitable for biogas flow of 800m3/Hr, Flanged connection.

20. Breather Valve 200 / 100 mm Dia Dead weighttype breather valve, pressure

setting 500 mm WCG and vacuumsetting 70 mmhg Qty-1 no

21. Level Indicator: Glass Tube level indicator with arange of 0-1000 mmhg to

measure the water seal in flarestack. Qty-1 no

EVAPORATION PROCESS

Evaporation is an operation used to remove a liquid from a solution, suspension, or emulsion

by boiling off some of the liquid. It is thus a thermal separation, or thermal concentration,

process. Evaporation process can be defined as one that starts with a liquid product and ends

up with a more concentrated liquid as the main product from the process.

In first evaporation stage,

Bio-methanated Spent wash will be subjected to heat through steam

Spent wash vaporized in first stage will give energy to second stage.

There will be total four falling film evaporator and one forced circulation evaporator.

These Evaporators will be in forward feed arrangement.

Vapours of Second evaporator will be fed to third effect Evaporator. Vapours of Third

evaporator will be fed to fourth effect Evaporator. Then, Vapours of fourth evaporator

will be fed to fifth effect Evaporator.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.9

Falling film evaporators will be operated at very low temperature differences between

the heating media and the boiling liquid, and they also have very short product

contact times, typically just a few seconds per pass.

These characteristics make the falling film evaporator particularly suitable for spent

wash evaporation.

This is specifically designed Spent wash distributors for the proper distribution of

Spent wash in tubes. Specific design of the liquid distribution system achieve full and

even product wetting of the tubes. Because of the low liquid holding volume in this

type of unit, the falling film Evaporator can be started up quickly and changed to

cleaning mode easily.

Falling film evaporators are highly responsive to alterations of parameters such as

energy supply, vacuum, feed rate, concentrations, etc. it will be equipped with a well-

designed automatic control system therefore it can produce a very consistent

concentrated product.

BIO METHANATED SPENT WASH EVAPORATION SECTION

Spent wash feed : 240 TPD

Feed Solid Concentration : 5%

Process Condensate Qty : 200 TPD

Final Spent Wash after evaporation : 40 TPD

Final Spent wash Solids concentration : 30%

Sr.No. DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS MOC1. Flash tank Type: Vertical/ Cylindrical-

conical bottom Capacity: 4 m3SS304

2. Biomethanated spentwash Pre heater

Type - Shell & tube.Quantity- 3 No.

SS304

3. Spent wash feed tank Type: Vertical/ Cylindrical-conical bottom Capacity : 15m3

SS304

4. Vacuum Blower forflash tank

Type : Water Ring BlowerCapacity: 200 Nm3/Hr. Qty:1+1 no.

Cl/ SS 304Internals

5. Flash vessel condenser Type - Shell & tube, SS304

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.10

Quantity-1 No. HTA-51 M26. Feed Pump motor Capacity: 18 m3/hr Type -

Centrifugal Type, Quantity-1+ 1 Nos. Single MechanicalSeal

Wetted Parts SS316

7. Falling FilmEvaporators

Type : Shell and Tube Qty: 4FF Evaporator HTA FF1: 100 m2

FF2: 150 m2 FF1: 150 m2FF1:150 m2

SS 304 Shellwith SS 316

tubes

8. Forced CirculationEvaporator

Type : Shell and Tube Qty: 1FC Evaporator HTA : 170

SS 304 Shell withSS 316 tubes

BIO-COMPOSTING

FEATURES OF BIO COMPOSTING TECHNOLOGY

Zero discharge concept

Complete Destruction of BOD in effluent

Flies & odour free

High quality product

Dry baggable product, easy to handle and transport.

PROCESS OF BIO COMPOSTING

A Composting cycle takes 8 weeks to complete and involves the following activities.

1st week

1. Collection of raw material:

First week Filter Cake, Boiler Ash and organic residues compose one compost batch. They are

hauled from storage yard to the bioearth compost area, a level and well-drained land that

permit heavy equipment operations.

2. Formation of Windrows & Trimming

Using a pay loader the press mud is spread in piled windrows and trim to allow passage of

Aero tiller. Each windrow consists of 100-150 metric tons of press mud. Each windrow is of

1.5m width at bottom and 100m length.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.11

2nd week

1. Aerating and mixing:

Make the first pans of the mixovator on windrows.

2. Inoculation of bioearth:

After the first aeration pass, the material will have achieved moderate mixing and ready for

application of acitobactor and Phosphorous soluble reagent at ½ kg per ton of waste. This will

accelerate composting stabilize temperature 65-750C and enhance beneficial microbes.

3. Aerate the pile after inoculation and retrim.

3rd to 6th week

1. Maintenance of Moisture:

The Moisture of the pile is maintained to 50%to60% heat is evolved during process, this built

up together with solar heat and other factor increases. Temperature resulting to evaporation.

Moisture drops to a level of about 30%to35%.

2. Application of Distillery effluent after Digesters:

Excessive/ inadequate moisture slows down composting exhibited by drop in temperature

from the trend established. Windrows are watered back to desired moisture level using

distillery effluent as moisturizing agent. The total volume applicable each week is sprayed

three times during the week.

3. Aeration:

Make one to two pass of the Mixovator after each effluent application and then retrim.

Mixovator grinds, blends, spreads, aerate and disperse the growing fungi for a uniform and

thorough decomposition of the windrow.

4. Inoculation with culture

During the 5th week, culture is again applied at 0.5 kg/ton in order to restimulate microbial

activity and to stop the development of odour.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.12

5. Curing, Aging and Drying

7th week:

Effluent application is stopped at the end of the 6th week and the compost is allowed to cure

and age. Water is applied during the 7th week while mixing is continued twice in a week until

moisture stabilizes at 20%to 30%.

8th week:

Disposal of Bio earth to End –user Farms:

Transport the bio earth to end-user farm or a suitable storage in order to vacate the area

occupied by the compost and accommodate another batch Otherwise, a large bio-earth

composting area may be needed to process the annual production of waste.

LAND REQUIREMENT FOR BIOCOMPOSTING

Quantity of Bio-methanated evaporated spent wash 40 KLDNo. of operating days 270 daysAnnual Quantity of Bio-methanated evaporated spent wash 10,800 KLOff seasonal run-off from compost yard 400 KLTotal effluent to be sent to compost yard 11,200 KLPressmud to effluent ratio 1:1.5Filler material requirement per Annum 7,500 TPDComposting cycle 60 daysNo. of cycles 4Filler material required per cycle 1875 T

Filler material that can be processed in 1 Acre: 1000 Tons/cycleLand required for composting 2 acres

Total land requirementLand required for composting 2 acresLand required for storage of filler material 0.5 acreLand required for storage of finished product 0.5 acreTotal land required for composting 3 acresQuantity of organic compost 4050 T

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.13

Availability of Pressmud

Total Pressmud generation from Company sugar plant is 30,000 TPA against the requirement

7,500 TPA. The above Bio-compost will be given to farmers to be used as manure in the

agricultural fields.

Hence availability of pressmud will not be a problem.

Leachate collection system

A leachate collection system will be provided will be constructed with RCC M20 grade

concrete along with 250 micron HDPE lining to make it leak proof as per CPCB/BIS

specifications.

Specifications for compost plant

Specification of floor of compost yard will be as under (with arrangement of leachate

collection & surface runoff and its pumping to holding lagoon and laying of pipe net work for

automatic spraying of spent wash)

i. Compaction of soil

ii. 5 cm local sand cushion (bottom)

iii. 250 micron HDPE sheet (as per BIS specification)

iv. 5 cm sand cushion (top)

v. Brick / stone soling (not less than 6 cm in case of brick & 3 cm in case of stone soling)

In case the coefficient of permeability is less than 10-8 cm/sec (as in black cotton soil), 30cm

depth of impervious soil, compacted with 30 cm depth of murum at the top may also be used.

The bio-compost yard will be kept dry before starting of the monsoon period. The compost

yard is surrounded by garland canal to divert storm water from outside entering inside and

bund to prevent the surface run off from going outside the compost yard during rainy days.

Outside the garland canal greenbelt will be prepared for aesthetic reason and for avoiding

erosion. 3 acres of land will be prepared for Bio composting as per CPCB guidelines.

Specification for storage of filler material

Press mud will be transferred to compost yard before on set of monsoon and covered with

HDPE / PVC sheet / tarpaulin.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.14

Specification for storage of finished product (compost)

Land area is raised by about 30 cm above ground level. The maximum height of storage is

restricted to 4m. Finished compost will be kept. Covered with PVC / HDPE sheet / Tarpaulin to

prevent soaking from rain water.

Compost quality

Moisture content : < 35%

Organic carbon : 20 -25%

Phosphorous : 1.5 - 2.0%

Nitrogen : 1.5 - 2.0%

Potassium : 2.0 - 3.5%

C: N ratio : <17

Equipment & Machinery available for composting in the plant (as per CPCB protocol)

1. Tractor for transportation of press mud from storage site to compost area - 1 No.

2. Homogenising machine along with auto spraying system with 70 HP tractor

(for churning up to the bottom) - 1 No.

3. Front end loader with tractor or JCB of bucket capacity of 600 -1000 kg -1 No.

4. Automatic windrow forming mechanism – 1 No

5. Sieving Machine - 1 No.

6. Sewing machine for bagging of compost (finished product) - 1 No.

Organic compost produced in the treatment of spent wash with pressmud will be supplied to

the farmers at subsidized prices. With this the usage of compost chemical fertilizers

consumption will come down. With compost the sugar cane yield will increase by about 25%.

Storage of Pressmud

Pressmud will be transferred to compost yard before on set of rainy season and shall be

covered with tarpaulin.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.15

Biomethanated Evaporated Spent wash storage lagoon

During the monsoon period bio-composting cannot be carried out. Hence distillery will be not

be operated during monsoon season and will be operated for only 270 days in a year. To

reduce the Biomethanated Evaporated Spent wash storage, we propose to spray 45 KL of

Biomethanated Evaporated Spent wash instead of 40 KL. Due to Biomethanated Evaporated

Spent wash storage lagoon size will be restricted to 5 days instead of 30 days.

The storage lagoon will be made impervious constructed with RCC M20 grade concrete along

with 250 micron HDPE lining. The storage capacity of the lagoon will be for 5 days. The

capacity of the Biomethanated Evaporated Spent wash storage tank will be 8 m x 6.3 m x

4.3m.

Leachate collection Tank

Leachate Collection tank will be made impervious with 250 micron HDPE lining as per CPCB

specifications.

Spent wash storage lagoon

Spent wash storage lagoon having storage capacity for 3 days, which is far below the CPCB

norm of 30 days. This storage lagoon will be made impervious by providing 500 micron HDPE

lining as per CPCB specifications. The size of the lagoon will be 15 m x 12 m x 4.3 m (including

a freeboard of 0.3m).

Treatment of Non-process effluent

Total Non-process effluent from project (excluding sanitary wastewater) : 90 KLD.

Back wash from DM plant and Softener will be neutralized in a neutralization tank and will be

utilized for greenbelt development, dust suppression and ash conditioning after ensuring

compliance with treated effluent quality as per MoEF / SPCB Standards. Boiler blow down will

be reused cooling tower make up.

Cooling tower blowdown will be treated in High Rate Solid Contact Clarifier and then sent to

filter feed tank along biologically treated effluent for further treatment.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.16

EFFLUENT DISPOSAL

The non-process treated effluent of 54 KLD will be used for greenbelt development and 64

KLD will be used for dust suppression, CO2 scrubbing and ash condition.

The scrubbed water from CO2 recovery Plant will be utilized in the Fermentation section.

Sanitary waste water will be treated in septic tank fallowed by soak pit.

Condensate treatment

The condensate will be first taken into equalization tank with adequate retention time.

Condensate will be then pumped via cooler and buffer tank to UASB reactor.

UASB reactor consists of mainly feed distribution network at the bottom, Sludge blanket at

mid height and the gas, liquid, solid separator (GLSS) at the top of reactor. The bacteria

consume organic content of wastewater and metabolize it to produce biogas and biomass.

Biogas generated is collected at the top of reactor and send to flare stack.

The anaerobically digested condensate will be collected and taken to the MBBR Reactor.

MBBR technology employs thousands of polyethylene biofilm carriers operating in mixed

motion within an aerated wastewater treatment basin. Each individual biocarrier increases

productivity through providing protected surface area to support the growth of heterotrophic

and autotrophic bacteria within its cells. It is this high-density population of bacteria that

achieves high-rate biodegradation within the system. The excess sludge from the Tube settler,

UASB will be sent to Basket Centrifuge.

ULTRA FILTRATION & RO SYSTEM

The biologically treated effluent from the treated effluent tank is pumped to flash mixer then

to flocculation tank. Adequate amount of caustic, ferric chloride and polyelectrolyte will be

dosed here. The effluent then enters into the tube settler for solids and liquid separation. The

over flow from tube settler enters into filter feed tank. The settled sludge from the bottom of

tube settler will be drained and sent to Basket Centrifuge.

The effluent from filter feed tank i.e biologically treated effluent and treated cooling tower

blow down will be pumped through series of filters (Multi-grade filters) and then to Ultra

filtration system for removal of suspended solids. Permeate from UF system will be pumped

using high pressure pumps via cartridge filter to RO System. Permeate coming out of RO

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.17

system (Typically about 80%) is collected in RO Permeate tank whereas reject will be sent to

the Evaporation section. Both UF & RO will be provided with Clean in Place System and back

wash system to clean system at regular intervals.

Recycling & Reuse of Wastewater

• Back wash from DM plant and Softener, Boiler blowdown will be neutralized in a

neutralization tank and will be mixed with Cooling tower blowdown in the CMB and will

be utilized for greenbelt development, dust suppression and ash conditioning after

ensuring compliance with treated effluent quality as per MoEF / SPCB Standards.

• Condensate will be recycled to process.

• Efforts will be made to conserve the water by exploring further possibilities for recycling

With the aforementioned measures fresh water requirement is reduced considerably.

Recommendations

a) Minimize the quantity of effluent through reuse to the maximum possible extent.

b) The ETP will be constructed before commissioning of the main plant.

c) The ETP units will be taken up for maintenance; whenever for main plant is taken for

maintenance.

d) Inlet and outlet effluent samples will be collected monthly and will be analyzed to ascertain

the efficiency of ETP and meet the statutory requirements.

10.2.2.1 PLAN TO CONTROL GROUND WATER POLLUTION (TOR # 10)

The following measures will be taken to prevent the pollution of ground water

The spent wash will be treated in Bio digester followed by Multiple effect Evaporators

(MEE) followed by Bio-composting.

No spent wash will be allowed to mix with other other effluent streams or to percolate

into the ground water

Biocomposting yard will be constructed as per the guidelines stipulated by MoEF /

CPCB

All the guidelines stipulated by MoEF / CPCB will be followed during the

biocomposting operations

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.18

10.2.3 SOLID WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL METHOD (TOR # 11 & 64)

The following will be the solid waste generation during the operation of the proposed project

& their proposed method of disposal.

S.No. Solid waste Total Quantity(TPD) Disposal

1. Yeast sludge 1 Will be bio-composted along with bio-methanated evaporated spent wash

2.

Boiler Ash

when 100% biomass 4.8 Ash generated will be given to brickmanufacturers.

when 100% IndianCoal is used 21 Ash generated will be given to brick

manufacturers /cement plants.when 100% ImportedCoal is used 0.7

3 Sludge from ETP 1 Used as manure

10.2.3.1 FLY ASH HANDLING (TOR # 65)

The major solid waste from this proposed coal based power plant will be fly ash & bottom

ash. The daily coal requirement of the plant is 60 TPD. The maximum ash content in the coal

is 35%, and the ash generated per day is 21 TPD (worst scenario considering Indian coal as

fuel). The ash handling/ disposal system will be designed to meet the above ash generation.

The ash handling will be designed and constructed for dust free operation. Ash handling will

be fully automated.

Bottom Ash Handling

Bottom ash from the boiler is collected in the double ' V' water impounded hopper lined

with refractory. The capacity of the hopper will be suitable for holding 8 hours collection of

bottom ash. Hot bottom ash is quenched in the hopper. The bottom ash will be collected for

8 hours and cleared in 1.5 hour. Bed Ash will also be handled by Dense Phase System and

will be independently stored, crushed and will be given to the nearby Cement plants / Brick

manufacturers.

Fly Ash Handling

Fly ash will be separated from the flue gas and would be collected in Bag filters, APH,

Economizer hoppers and chimney hopper. A pneumatic pressure conveying system is

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EIA report – Chapter 1010.19

envisaged for each unit. The system will be provided with heaters, fluidizing air blowers,

conveying air blowers/compressors, feed vessels, etc. for extraction of fly ash from hoppers

and conveyance through pipeline. The pressurized conveying system will deliver the fly ash to

intermediate surge hopper of 12 hours capacity located near ESP.

There will be alternate outlet from ash hoppers with ash wetting / hydro-sluicing system

and with high pressure water connected from the ash water pump house to convert the dry

ash into slurry form and convey to the ash slurry sump. The water requirement for the plant

would be made available from the wastewater from CMB. There will be two intermediate

silos to hold 12 hrs of ash generation in total. From the intermediate silos the ash will be

conveyed to the main ash silos. There will be two main silos each having a capacity to hold

16 hrs ash generation. The secondary conveying system will be a dense phase conveying

system to convey ash from intermediate silo to final silos.

Intermediate Silos

The intermediate silos will be located nearby the units. The silos will be provided with dust

collector, vent filter, level controller, fluidizing pads and two discharge outlets. One outlet

will be connected to the dense phase conveying system to convey ash to main ash silos.

Main Ash Silos

The main ash silos are located within the plant boundaries to enable easy movement of trucks

handling dry/conditioned ash. The silos will be of RCC construction. The silos will have

fluidizing pads, vent filter, level control as required.

The Ministry of Environment Notification vide S.O 513 (E) dated 3-04-2007, will be followed.

FLY ASH UTILISATION

Policy on Fly Ash Utilization & it’s Compliance

Dispose fly ash through competitive bids to the best

advantage of the owners

Ash will transported to the nearby

brick manufacturers / cement plants

Shall not store more than three months ash

generation in their storage / ash ponds

No ash pond is envisaged

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EIA report – Chapter 1010.20

Maintain a record of all sale and disposal of fly ash Records of quantity of ash disposed

to cement plants / brick units will be

maintained

Submit annual compliance report including record of

sale / disposal

Annual compliance report will be

submitted

10.2.4 NOISE LEVEL MANAGEMENT

The major sources of noise generation will be STGs, Boiler & compressors. STG will be of

internationally reputed make which will be manufactured as per MOEF/OSHA/other

international guidelines on noise levels. Noise enclosures will be provided to Steam turbines.

The major noise levels will be confined to the working zones of the proposed activities. The

Leq of eight hours will be within the prescribed standards. Community noise levels are not

likely to be effected due to the proposed thick green belt which will act as physical barrier and

further attenuate the noise levels.

Recommendations

a) Noise enclosures will be provided to STGs.

b) By adopting shock-absorbing techniques noise impact can be reduced.

c) Earplugs shall be provided to the workers and this shall be enforced strictly.

d) Increase the distance between source and receiver, by altering the relative orientation of

receiver and the source.

e) Rotation of workers working in the noise prone areas.

f) Thick greenbelt will be developed to further mitigate the noise levels.

10.2.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Spent wash will be treated through Bio-methanation and Bio-methanated spent wash will be

evaporated and finally Bio-methanated Evaporated spent wash will be Bio-composted thus

achieving zero discharge of spent wash generated.

Back wash from DM plant and Softener will be neutralized in a neutralization tank and will be

utilized for greenbelt development, dust suppression and ash conditioning after ensuring

compliance with treated effluent quality as per MoEF / SPCB Standards. Boiler blow down will

be reused cooling tower make up. Due to the extensive greenbelt development proposed

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.21

the aesthetics of the land will improve. The land prices in the area will increase due to the

proposed distillery project.

10.2.6 ODOUR CONTROL MEASURES (TOR # 13)

The following measures will help in minimizing the odor.

The spent wash storage will be restricted to 3 days capacity.

Spent wash generated will be concentrated and sent dryer for drying.

Spent wash treatment takes place in closed condition.

10 m wide greenbelt will be developed all around the plant.

10.2.7 MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ECOLOGY

There are no National Parks/Sanctuaries within 10 Km. radius of the plant. The proposed

distillery will be zero discharge based plant as per CPCB norms. No significant vegetation

occurs in and around the existing plant. There are no rare and endangered species in the area.

Hence there will not be any adverse impact on flora & fauna due to the proposed distillery

project.

Recommendations

Plantation programme will be undertaken at several areas. They should include plantation in

the proposed plant premises, along the internal and external roads and along the

Administrative buildings and around the ETP.

People should be educated and trained in social forestry activities by local governmental and

non-governmental organizations.

Plantation for Aesthetics

Plantation in industrial areas should be done along the narrow and broad internal road. This

will not only improve the flora in the region but also will add to the aesthetics of the region.

10.2.7.1 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT (TOR # 66)

Extensive greenbelt will be developed in the plant. This will further mitigate the pollution

impacts. 10 m wide greenbelt will be developed all around the plant. A detailed greenbelt

plan will be developed as per CPCB guidelines in consultation with local DFO.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.22

Greenbelt plantation

Greenbelt will be developed in a set of rows of trees planted in such a way that they form an

effective barrier between the plant and the surroundings. The main purpose of greenbelt

development is to contribute to the following factors.

To maintain the ecological homeostatus.

To attenuate the air emissions from the boiler and the fugitive dust emissions.

To prevent the soil erosion.

To attenuate the noise levels.

To utilise the treated effluents.

Plantation of grass, bushes and trees will be taken up to reduce the generation of dust from

the bare earth and to enhance the aesthetic value.

Plantation species

Plantation species will be considered based on the following.

Suitable to the Geo-climatic conditions of the area.

Mix of round, spreading, oblong and conical canopies.

Ever green trees.

Different heights ranging from 4m to 20m.

Plantation for arresting dust

Trees particularly having compact branching closely arranged leaves of simple elliptical and

hairy structure, shiny or waxy leaves and hairy twigs are efficient filters of dust. The following

species are suggested to arrest the dust

Alstonia Scholaris

Bauhinia purpurea

Cassia siamea

Peltoferrum ferrugineum

Butea monosperma

Tamarindus indica

Azadirachta indica

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.23

Plantation to absorb SO2 emissions

The following plants are suggested for plantation to absorb SO2 in the air.

Azadirachta indica

Albizia lebbeck

Alstonia scholaris

Lagerstroemia flosregineae

Melia azedarach

Minusops elangi

Polyalthia longifloia

Plantation to reduce noise pollution

Trees having thick and flushy leaves with petioles are suitable. Heavier branches and trunks of

trees also deflect the sound waves. The following plant species are suggested to reduce noise

pollution.

Alstonia scholaris

Azadirachta indica

Melia monosperma

Grevillea peridifolia

Tamarindus indica

Plantation along the roads

Alstonia scholaris

Cassia fistula

Bauhinia purpurea

Mimusops elangi

Pongamia pinnata

Polyalthia longifolia

Poluferrum ferrugineum

Lagerstroemia flosreginea

Cassia siamea.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.24

Greenbelt development plan

Local DFO will be consulted in developing the green belt.

Greenbelt of 5.7 acres will be developed in the proposed project.

10 m wide greenbelt will be developed all around the plant.

The tree species to be selected for the plantation are pollutant tolerant, fast growing,

wind firm, deep rooted. A three tier plantation is proposed comprising of an outer most

belt of taller trees which will act as barrier, middle core acting as air cleaner and the

innermost core which may be termed as absorptive layer consisting of trees which are

known to be particularly tolerant to pollutants.

1500 nos. of plants will be planted per hectare i.e 600 per Acre.

Greenbelt will be developed as per CPCB Norms.

10.2.8 RAINWATER HARVESTING (TOR # 67)

Rain water harvesting structures will be constructed to harvest the run-off water from roof

tops by laying a separate storm water drainage system for recharging of ground water. Rain

harvesting pits will be constructed in consultation with Central Ground Water Board. The

harvested water will be reused to reduce the net water requirement of the plant.

Post-construction Run off

The average rainfall and the land area have been taken up for the estimation of runoff for the

prediction from the project site. As the vacant exposed land would be converted in to built up

land, the natural recharge that had taken place during the pre-construction period would not

occur and hence there would be meager infiltration.

The losses such as, Percolation, evaporation and other unforeseen loses has been considered.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.25

Predicted Post Project runoff from different surfaces

Predicted Post Project Runoff from the Project Site

Location Area (Sq m) Annual rainfall(m)

RunoffCoefficient

Runoff(cum/year)

Roof Area (m²) 16591.88 0.86 0.95 13555.57

Asphalt area and Pavedarea (m²) 6474.88 0.86 0.85 4733.14

Green belt Area (m2) 23066.76 0.86 0.20 3967.48

Total Runoff 22256.19

10.3 POST PROJECT MONITORING STRATEGY

The monitoring of various environmental parameters is necessary, which is one of a part of

environmental protection measures. Monitoring is an important feature because the

efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. A comprehensive

monitoring programme is given under.

Locations and frequency of monitoring as per the guidelines of MoEF/SPCB are tabulated

below.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.26

MONITORING SCHEDULE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS

S.NO PARTICULERS FREQUENCY OFMONITORING

DURATION OFSAMPLING

PARAMETERSREQUIRED TO BEMONITORED

1.WATER QUALITY

Water and wastewater Qualitya.Sanitary Effluents

/Industrial Effluents

b. Ground waterQuality (Peizometricwells will be locatedaround spent washstorage area, ETP )

Once in a month

Once in a month

Compositesampling

Grab sampling

pH, EC,TDS, BOD,COD, Cl, SS,Sulphates

As per BIS: 10500

2. AIR QUALITYA. Stack Monitoring

(40 TPH Boiler) Online monitoringsystem

Once in a month

PM

SO2 & NOx

B. Ambient Air quality Twice a week 24 hourscontinuously

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 &NOx

C. Fugitive emissions Once in a Month 8 hours SPM3. METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Meteorological data tobe monitored at theplant.

Daily Continuousmonitoring

Temperature,Relative Humidity,rainfall, winddirection & windspeed.

4. NOISE LEVEL MONITORING

Ambient Noise levels Twice in a year Continuous for 24hours with 1 hourinterval

Noise Levels

Infrastructure for Environmental Protection

Man Power

The project proponent will provide a fully equipped laboratory to carry out the analysis /

appoint an external testing laboratory. The following manpower will be provided on regular

basis.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.27

Environmental Engineer / Safety Officer

He should be a graduate engineer with adequate experience. He will be responsible for

implementing and monitoring the environmental impacts and all the safety aspects. He

should be a laisioning officer between the industry and the regulatory agencies like SPCB,

CPCB etc.

Chemist

He should be a qualified chemist to carry out the analysis of various samples.

10.4 COST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (TOR # 68)

The detailed break up for environmental management & protection is furnished below:

Cost Break-up for Environment Protection

S.No Item Capital Cost(Rs.in Crores)

Recurring cost(Rs. in

crores/annum)1. Bag filters & Dust extraction systems

with bagfilters 2.0 0.60

2. Stack 1.0 --3. Ash Handling & Management 0.4 0.104. Spent wash treatment system &

Biocomposting5.0 2.00

5. Dust Suppression 0.1 0.036. Fire fighting 0.1 0.027. Environmental Lab Equipment &

online Monitoring equipment0.2 0.06

8. Greenbelt Development 0.06 0.029. Occupational Health & Safety 0.5 0.15

TOTAL 9.36 2.98

10.5 CONSERVATION MEASURES

10.5.1 MEASURES ADOPTED FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION

Installation of energy efficient lightings. Use of energy saving light fittings.

Installing low watt tube lights.

Procurement of energy efficient machineries.

Minimizing idle running of vehicle, machines and electrical appliances.

Optimizing loads and periodic preventive maintenance & lubrication.

Prevention of leakages of compressed air.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1010.28

Periodic energy audits.

Training, awareness and motivational programmes.

10.5.2 MEASURES ADOPTED FOR NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION

A portion of treated effluent from ETP will be recycled to conserve the fresh water.

In house power generation thus no burden on state grid to supply electricity

Rain water harvesting system will be installed to conserve water & to replenish ground

water resources of the area for long term sustenance of the industry.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1111.1

CHAPTER – 11SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited. has proposed to establish a Molasses based Distillery unit of 30 KLPD to

produce Extra Neutral Alcohol / Ethanol (fuel ethanol or Anhydrous Alcohol (AA) / Rectified spirit / Industrial

Alcohol / Pharma Grade Alcohol and 2 MW Captive Co-gen unit at Sy. No. 1421 A / 1421 AA / 1421 E / 1421 EE,

Chowtkur village, Pulkal Mandal, Medak District in Telangana.

Total land identified for proposed project is 16.7 acres and total land is in possession of the management. The

cost of entire Project will be Rs. 57.45 Crores.

SITE DETAILS

The following is the environmental setting within the 10 Km. radius of the project site: The project area does not fall under the industrial areas / cluster, which are listed in MoEF office

memorandum dated 13th January 2010 and its subsequent amendments for Critically Polluted

area.

Nearest Habitation Posanipalli is at a distance of 0.8 Kms. from the project site.

There are no National Parks/Tiger Reserves/Elephant corridors within 10 Km. radius of the project

site. However Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at a distance of 10.3 Kms. from the project

site.

Chatkuri Reserve Forest is situated at distance of 0.5 Kms. from the project site.

No historical places and places of tourist importance within 10 Km radius of the project site.

A small stream is passing adjacent to the west boundary of the site.

Manjira river is flowing at a distance of 3.8 Kms. from the project site. Jangum Canal is flowing at a

distance of 0.5 Km. from project site

Manjira Reservoir is situated at a distance of 6.5 Kms. from the project site.

There is no interstate boundary within 5 Km. radius of the project site (Nearest Interstate border

Telangana - Karnataka at 48 Kms.)

Only one major industry / Distillery, M/s Empee Distilleries Pvt. Ltd. (Grain based Ethanol plant) is

within 10 Km study area.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1111.2

RAW MATERIALS

The following will be the raw materials and their requirement.

S.No Raw Material Source Quantity(TPD)

Method of Transport

1. Molasses Existing sugar plant of thegroup company at a

distance of 18 Kms by road

120 TPD By Road

2. Fuel Consumption : 10 TPH Boilera Indian Coal Singareni collieries Ltd 60 TPD By Rail & Road

(Covered trucks)

ORb Imported Coal Indonesia / Australia 35 TPD By Sea, Rail, Road

(Covered trucks)OR

c Biomass Local Areas 120 TPD By Road(Covered trucks)

OR

d Biogas from Biomethanation ofSpent wash

429cum/hr

Through pipeline

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

A) ENA / Ethanol / Rectified Spirit

Initially Yeast will be mixed with Molasses for multiplication of yeast cells. Through continuous fermentation,

sugars in Molasses will be broken to alcohol & Carbon dioxide. Then through distillation rectified spirit will be

produced. Ethanol will be produced by Molecular sieve technology from rectified spirit.

B) Carbon dioxide recovery system (By product)

Carbon dioxide produced during fermentation will be recovered by means of scrubbing arrangement, and the

recovered CO2 will be supplied to soft drink manufactures / medical / industrial purposes in cylinders. The

scrubber blowdown will be recycled into the fermentation.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1111.3

WATER ENVIRONMENT

The Proposed project requires 610 cum/day of water. Water requirement for the proposed project will be met

from Ground Water through Borewells and from Manjira River.

WATER CONSUMPTION

SECTION WATER CONSUMPTION (in KLD)

Process Water 172

DM Water For Boiler 120

Cooling Tower Requirement 240

DM plant, softener rejects & clarifier blowdown 68

Domestic 10

Total 610

Net water requirement after recycling of Condensate and spent lees will be 350 KLD

WASTE WATER GENERATION AND CHARACTERISTICS

Waste water generation from the proposed project will be 366 KLD. The following is the break-up of waste

water generation from the Project.

SECTION WASTE WATER GENERATION (in KLD)

Spent Wash 240

Boiler blow down 20

Cooling tower blow down 30

DM plant, softener rejects & clarifier blowdown 68

Sanitary waste water 8

Total 366

EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS

The characteristics of Spent wash, DM plant & softener regeneration water, cooling tower blow down, boiler

blow down and sanitary waste water are shown below.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPENT WASH

S. NO. PARAMETER UNIT CONCENTRATION1. pH 3.8 – 7.52. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 60,000-90,000 mg/l3. COD mg/l 110,000- 120,000 mg/l4. BOD mg/l 60,000-65,000 mg/l

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1111.4

CHARACTERISTICS OF SANITARY WASTE, COOLING TOWER BLOWDOWN, BOILER BLOWDOWN, DM PLANT &

SOFTNER REGENERATION WATER

S.NO. CHARACTERISTICS

SANITARY

WASTE

WATER

COOLING

TOWER BLOW

DOWN

BOILER

BLOW

DOWN

DM PLANT &

SOFTNER

REGENERATION

WATER & ETP

rejects

1. pH 7.0 – 8.5 7.0 – 8.0 9.5 – 10.5 4.0-10.0

2. T.D.S. (mg/l) 800 – 900 800 -1 000 1000 8000-15000

3. B.O.D. (mg/l) 200 – 250 ------ ------ -----

4. C.O.D. (mg/l) 300 – 400 ------ ------ -----

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PROCESS

Spent wash generation will be 240 cum/day, which will be treated in Bio digester followed by Multiple effect

Evaporators (MEE) followed by Bio-composting.

CONDENSATE & NON PROCESS EFFLUENT

Condensate & non-process effluent will be treated in ETP and will be recycled back into process and as cooling

tower make up. DM Plant & Softener regeneration will be neutralized and utilized for greenbelt development,

ash conditioning and dust suppression.

AIR EMISSIONS

There will be one combined stack connected to the 10 TPH boiler in the proposed project. The fuel for the

boilers will be Biomass / Coal / Biogas.

The air emissions of concern from the plant will be PM, SO2 and NOX. Bag filters will be provided to bring down

the particulate emission in the exhaust of the boiler to less than 50 mg/Nm3. A stack of 38 m height will be

provided for effective dispersion of Sulphur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere.

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

Baseline data has been collected on ambient air quality, water quality, noise levels, flora & fauna and socio-

economic details of the people within 10 km. radius of the proposed project site.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1111.5

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

Ambient air quality was monitored for PM10, PM, SO2, NOx & HC at 8 stations for one season as per MOEF

guidelines. The following are the concentrations of various parameters at all the monitoring stations.

Particulate matter (PM10) - 18.8 to 34.5 g/m3

Particulate matter - 85.8 to 110.9 g/m3

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) - 6.5 to 12.8 g/m3

Nitrogen Oxide (NOX) - 7.6 to 14.5 g/m3

Carbon monoxide (CO) - 278 to 568 g/m3

Hydro carbon (methane & non-methane) - BDL

WATER QUALITY

Ground water samples were collected at 8 locations and analyzed for various physico – chemical &

Bacteriological parameters. The water sample shows that they are suitable for potable purpose.

NOISE LEVELS

Noise levels were measured at 8 stations during day time & night time. The noise levels at the monitoring

stations are ranging from 43.9 dBA to 50.4 dBA.

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY

The emissions of concern from the boilers of the Ethanol plant will be PM10, SO2 and NOX.

For the purpose of prediction of Ground Level Concentrations the emissions from the boiler are considered.

Industrial Source Complex (ISC-3) software is applied for prediction of GLCs. It is observed that the maximum

predicted incremental rise in SO2 concentration after commissioning of plant will be 3.6 g/cum, max.

Predicted incremental rise in NOX will be 2.1 g/cum and that of PM will be 0.2 g/cum at a distance of 600 m

from the origin stack in the downwind direction.

The predicted results show that the incremental rise over the existing baseline status of ambient air quality

will be within the revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards for residential areas even after

commissioning of the Ethanol project.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1111.6

PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON NOISE QUALITY

The major noise generating sources will be Turbo generator, Boiler, Compressors & DG set. The Ambient Noise

levels will not exceed the standards prescribed by MOE&F, GOI vide Notification under the Noise pollution

(regulation & control) Rules, less than 75 dBA during day time and less than 70 dBA during night time.

Extensive greenbelt proposed to be developed will further mitigate the noise levels.

PREDICTION IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY

The spent wash will be treated in Bio digester followed by Multiple effect Evaporators (MEE) followed by Bio-

composting. . This is totally a zero discharge based technology. This technology is already approved by CPCB

for treatment of spent wash.

Condensate & Spent lees will be treated in ETP and will be recycled back into process and as cooling tower

make up. Cooling tower blowdown, boiler blowdown, DM Plant & Softener regeneration will be neutralized

and utilized for greenbelt development, ash conditioning and dust suppression.

Hence there will not be any impact on Manjira river.

PREDICTION OF IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

There are no rare & endangered species in the area. All the required pollution control systems will be installed

and operated to comply with the norms. Once all the norms are complied with, then there will not be any

adverse impact on flora, fauna due to the proposed project.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

Ambient Air Quality, Sack monitoring & effluent analysis will be carried out regularly as per CPCB norms and

the analysis reports will be submitted to Ministry of Environment & Forest, Chennai & T.S. Pollution Control

Board regularly. Online monitors will be installed to the stack.

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

No Rehabilitation and Resettlement is involved in the proposed project. Hence no R & R study has been

carried out.

PROJECT BENEFITS

With the establishment of the proposed project employment potential will increase. Land prices in the area

will increase. The economic status of the people in the area will improve due to the proposed project. Periodic

medical checkups will be carried out. Top priority will be given to locals in employment.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1111.7

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANAIR ENVIRONMENT

The steam required for the proposed project will be met from the Boilers. Bag filters will be provided for the

boiler to bring down the particulate matter in the exhaust gases to less than 50 mg/nm3. A combined stack of

38 m height will be provided to the Boilers for effective dispersion of sulphur dioxide emissions into the

atmosphere.

WATER ENVIRONMENT

The spent wash will be treated in Bio digester followed by Multiple Effect Evaporators (MEE) followed by Bio-

composting. . Hence it will be a totally zero discharge spent wash treatment as per CPCB norms.

SOLID WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL

The following table shows the generation & disposal of Solid Waste.

S.No. Solid wasteTotal Quantity

(TPD)Disposal

1. Yeast sludge 1Will be bio-composted along with bio-

methanated evaporated spent wash

2.

Boiler Ash

when 100% biomass 4.8 Ash generated will be given to brickmanufacturers.

when 100% Indian Coalis used 21 Ash generated will be given to brick

manufacturers /cement plants.when 100% ImportedCoal is used 0.7

3 Sludge from ETP 1 Used as manure

NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The major noise source in the proposed plant will be Turbo Generator, Boiler, Compressors & DG set. The

employees working near the noise generating sources will be provided with earplugs. The extensive greenbelt

proposed to be developed around the plant will also help in attenuating the noise levels further. Noise barriers

in the form of trees will be grown around the administrative block, ETP and other utility buildings.

Ganpati Sugar Industries Limited(30 KLPD Distillery & 2 MW Power plant)

EIA report – Chapter 1111.8

LAND ENVIRONMENT

The effluent generated from the proposed project will be treated to comply with the T.S.Pollution Control

Board’s standards. All the solid waste will be disposed as per norms. Hence there will not be any adverse

impact on land environment due to the proposed project.

GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT

Green belt development will further enhance the environment quality through limitation of air emissions,

attenuation of noise levels, balancing Eco environment, prevention of soil erosion and creation of aesthetic

environment. 5.7 acres of greenbelt will be developed in the plant premises as per CPCB norms.