gangs 101 wsca for release · i don't even think about speed other gangs straight edge...
TRANSCRIPT
3/8/2010
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Gangs 101:Recognizing and
Understanding Youth Gangs
Washington School Counselor Association Conference February 2010
Tyson Vogeler, Program SupervisorWashington State School Safety Center
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Gangs can be hard to recognize . . .
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unless you know what you are looking for.
o
Students reporting gang membership doubledbetween 2002 and 2006
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tude
nts
Healthy�Youth�Survey:self�reported�gang�membership
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Grade�8 Grade�10 Grade�12
Percen
t�of�St
Survey�Year
2002
2004
2006
2008
o
What is a street gang?
• Common definition:o 3 or more personso Engage in criminal activity
collectivelyo Identifiable leadershipo Ongoing relationship
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o Common signs, symbols, or colors
o Exclusivityo Turf or territoryo Typical age 14-24 years
RCW 28A.600.455
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Why do kids join gangs?
• Searching for belonging and acceptance
• Exploring self-identity• Seeking excitement
and activities• Money, girls, drugs,
friends loveon
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Kids don’t run to gangs. They are running away from something else.
-- Father Greg Boyle, noted gang expert
friends, love• Emotional trauma
o
Cultural Influences
• Music• Movies• Magazines• Internet• Video Games
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• Peers• Family
o
Multi-GenerationalGangs
• Children raised in a gang culture
• Gangs become the“norm” for youth
• Washington hason
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• Washington hasthird-generationgang families
• Older siblings
• Children emulatinggang behaviors
o
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Cultural Influences
on
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Celtics’ Paul Pierce was fined $25,000 for throwing up agang hand sign (Piru) at a loud spectator in 2008.
Gangs have been around a long time . . .
• Immigrants formed gangs in the late 1800s for protection
• Earliest Chicago gangs in 1940s (Latin Kings ando
ry
of
Ga
ng
s
in 1940s (Latin Kings andBlack P Stones)
• First California Hispanic gangs in 1940s
• Chicago gangs expanded in the 1960s and 1970sT
he
His
to
ry
of
Ga
ng
s
• California “black” gangs formed in 1960s
• Expansion and migration of LA black gangs in 1980
Gangs have been around a long time . . .
Th
e H
ist 1980s
• Expansion of Hispanic gangs in late 1980s and early 1990s
• Evolution of hybrid gangs since late 1990s
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or
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an
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Washington’s gangs were originally imported from other areas, and more recently have been gangs that develop locally.
Th
e H
ist
ga
niz
ati
on
“All is well.” “All is one.”
Ga
ng
Org
BloodsLatin KingsVice Lords
CripsGangster DisciplesSurenosLa Raza
Dress “left” Dress “right”
ga
niz
ati
on
Girls in Gangs
• About 10% of gang members are girls• Female gang activity is on the increase• Girls are usually “sexed”
into the gang• Some all-girl gangs• Forced prostitution
is common
Ga
ng
Org • Girls can be very
violent, and docarry weapons
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“Black” Street Gangs
• Crips• Bloods• Piru• Hoover Criminals• Black Gangster Disciples• Vice Lords
• California Street Gang• Associated with Folk Nation• Turf-oriented, active in drug traffic• Origins:
o Los Angeleso 1970sS
tre
et
Ga
ng
s
o 1970so Compton HS
• Rivals:o Bloods, Latin Kings,
Vice Lords
“B
lac
k”
S
• Identifiers:o Color Blue (primary)o Also Light Blue, Gray,
White, Purpleo May dress “left”o Letter “C”S
tre
et
Ga
ng
s
o Six-pointed staro Number 6o “Sox” hats
“B
lac
k”
S
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• Identifiers:o Pitchforks “up”o Don’t write “CK”o Examples –
o “write bacc”o “write bak”S
tre
et
Ga
ng
s
o Word “slob” or “sloop” as a put-down to Bloods
o Graffiti includes “BK”
“B
lac
k”
SS
tre
et
Ga
ng
s
• California Street Gangs
• Associated with People Nation
• Turf-oriented, active in drug traffic
• Origins:
“B
lac
k”
S o Los Angeleso 1970so Response to
Crip gango Piru is a subset or
a separate gang
• Identifiers:o Colors Red (primary)o Also Burgundy, Green, Brown,
Tano Letter “B” or “UBN”o Word “damu”o Number 031 (“I am blood”)S
tre
et
Ga
ng
s
o Number 031 ( I am blood )o Boston Red Sox Hatso Local sets may
use other letterso Tattoos – blud or MOB
are common
“B
lac
k”
S
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• Identifiers:o Five-pointed staro Cross out letter “C”o Replace “C” with “B”
(example “class” becomes “blass”)
o Graffiti may includeStr
ee
t G
an
gs
o Graffiti may include“CK” or “Crab”
o Pitchforks “down”o May dress “right”
“B
lac
k”
S
• California Street Gang• Originally “Hoover Crips” but now a
separate gang• Continued allegiance to Crips and
Folk Nation• Origins:
L A lStr
ee
t G
an
gs
• Los Angeles• Hoover Avenue
“B
lac
k”
S
• Identifiers:o Colors Orange and Blueo Letter “H”o Number 74 or 52o “H” handsigno Otherwise similar
to CripsStr
ee
t G
an
gs
“B
lac
k”
S
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• Chicago Street Gang
• Associated with Folk Nation
• Origins:o 1960so Two gangs joinedS
tre
et
Ga
ng
s
to form BGDNo Black Disciples (BD)
broke off from BGDo “Growth and Development”
(1990s)
“B
lac
k”
S
• Identifiers:o Colors Black, Blueo Also Grey, Whiteo Letters “BGD” or “GD” or
“G”o Pitchforks “up”S
tre
et
Ga
ng
s
o Pitchforks up
“B
lac
k”
S
• Identifiers:o Six-point starso Number 360o Number 274 or 74o Pitchfork Hand signs
O kl d R idStr
ee
t G
an
gs
o Oakland Raiderattire
o Chicago Bullsattire (also worn by other gangs)
“B
lac
k”
S
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Hispanic / LatinoStreet Gangs
• Surenos• 18th Street• Florencia 13• Brown Pride• Nortenos• Mara Salvatrucha• Latin Kings
an
gs
• “Southerners” in Spanish• Sureno gang is an “umbrella”• Associated with Mexican Mafia
o “La Eme” prison gango Local gangsters are
“foot soldiers”L l t
Surenos
La
tin
o G
a o Local gangs may pay taxesto La Eme
• Origins:o LA Latino gangs
since 1900o Maravilla Gangs (1930s)o Zoot Suit Riots (1940s)o Mexical Mafia (1960s)
S lli ian
gs
Surenos
o Sureno alliance inLos Angeles (1960s)
o South of Bakersfield
La
tin
o G
a
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• Identifiers:o Color Blueo Number 13 or X3 or XIIIo Words “south” or “Sur”o “trece” and 3 dotso Replace “e” with “3” o Eyebrow slashesa
ng
s
Surenos
o Eyebrow slasheso Letter “M” or “S”o Tattoos
• Rivals: o Nortenos, People
• Call Nortenos “buster”or “sodbuster”L
ati
no
Ga
• 18th Street Gang• Under Sureno umbrella• Area of Origin:
– Los Angeles, CA• Colors and number:
– Black, Grey, and BlueNumber 18
18th Street Gang
an
gs
– Number 18• Rival: Nortenos and
Florencia
La
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a
• Florencia Gang• Under Sureno umbrella• Area of Origin:
o Los Angeleso 1950s
Florencia 13
an
gs
o Florence Ave.
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• Identifiers:o Color Blueo Number 13o “Effe” and “Effe 13”
• Rivals:o Nortenos
Florencia 13
an
gs
o Nortenoso 18th Street
La
tin
o G
aa
ng
sL
ati
no
Ga
an
gs
La
tin
o G
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• Brown Pride• Members may deny “gang”
membership• Identifiers:
– Brown and Blue/RedN b 13/14
Brown Pride
an
gs
– Number 13/14– Letters BP
• Rivals: Depends on alliance
La
tin
o G
a
• “Northerner” in Spanish
• Associated with theNuestra Familiaprison gang
• Identify strongly with Mexican heritage
Nortenos
an
gs
Mexican heritage
• Area of Origin:o North of Bakersfieldo 1960s (Tennis shoe war)
• Rivals: o SurenosL
ati
no
Ga
• Identifiers:o Color Redo Number 14 or XIV or X4o Letter “N”o “Norte”o Tattoos
Nortenos
an
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o Tattoos
La
tin
o G
a
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• Identifiers:o Huelga Birdo UNLV attireo NorCal referenceso NFL and NBA attireo Cross out letter “S”o 5-point star
Nortenos
an
gs
p• Call Surenos “skrapa”
or “SuRat”
La
tin
o G
aa
ng
sL
ati
no
Ga
Latin /Queens
• Originally Puerto Rican gang• Associated with
People Nation
A f O i ian
gs
• Area of Origin:– Chicago– 1940s
La
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o G
a
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Identifiers:• Colors Yellow (Gold)
and Black• 5-pointed crown• Lion’s Head
(the lion King)
an
gs
• Number 5• 5-pointed star
La
tin
o G
a
• Identifiers:o Number 360o Pitchforks downo ALKN or ALQNo “Amor de rey”
• Rivals:an
gs
Rivals:o Cripso Surenoso Folk Nation
La
tin
o G
a
Hybrid Gangs and Other Groups
• Asian Gangs• Native American Gangs• East European “Gangs”p g• Insane Clown Posse• Straight Edge• Tagger Crews
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Asian Gangs
• Origins in Californiao Tiny Rascal Gang (TRG)o Asian BoyZ
• Usually ethnically restricted• More loosely organized,
mostly hybrid gangsOth
er
Ga
ng
s
y y g g• Highly Mobile (nomadic)• Not turf-oriented
Hy
bri
d &
Asian Gangs
• Tend to be low-profile• Indicators:
• Colors green, black,blue, red, purple
• Cultural tattoos (dragons)• 5 dot tattoos (like dice)O
the
r G
an
gs
( )• Burns• Scars (intentional)
Hy
bri
d &
Asian Gangs
• Indicators:• 4 or 5 “Ts”
(love, money, prison,crime, revenge)
• Cultural tattoos (dragons, eagles, etc.)O
the
r G
an
gs
• Oakland A’s hats• Crip or Blood indicia
Hy
bri
d &
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Native American Gangs
• Growing problem on reservationsand nearby communities
• Tend to be unstructured and informal
• May use LA gang namesP i ll
Oth
er
Ga
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s
• Presence in allWashington reservations
Hy
bri
d &
Native American Gangs
Oth
er
Ga
ng
sH
yb
rid
&
• A rap group that performs hardcore music termed “horrorcore”
• Known for dark & violent lyrics
• Followers called Juggalos and Juggalettes
Insane Clown Posse
Oth
er
Ga
ng
s
• Accept use ofalcohol, drugs,tobacco, and promiscuous sex
Hy
bri
d &
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I stab people like everyday folksskinny people any people I chop off their throatsMy stabbin's are ninja like very quickly, heyby the time you feel it I'm like 3 blocks awayI stabbed the newspaper guy and took his little trucknow I stab people and drive away I'm like puttputtputtputtI love waffle house, I stab people theretheir so shitty and dumpy they don't even care
Insane Clown Posse
Oth
er
Ga
ng
s
their so shitty and dumpy they don t even careI love stabbin' people, def leopard remember themwhen I cut their fuckin drummers are off, you can ask'em
Hy
bri
d &
• Don’t see themselves as a gang• Little group structure,
members see themselvesas individuals
• Can be a gang by definition• Found across the country• More urban / suburban
Insane Clown Posse
Oth
er
Ga
ng
s
• May be violent – known tocarry hatchets / axes
• Identifiers:• “hatchet man”• face paint
Hy
bri
d &
• May 2006: Jacob Robida (18) killed severalpersons in a Massachusetts gay bar using first a hatchet and then a handgun. His MySpace page indicated was a juggalo and fan of ICP and follower of the “Dark Carnival”
• June 2006: Juggalos armed with axes and machetes, attacked visitors to Fort Steilacoom Park in Tacoma They injured nearly two
Insane Clown Posse
Oth
er
Ga
ng
s
Park in Tacoma. They injured nearly twodozen people, and threatened to decapitate them.
• May 2008: An arson investigation in Spanaway revealed ICP graffiti.
Hy
bri
d &
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• Associated with hardcore punk rock music and anarchy
• Name coined by band “Minor Threat”• Follow a “clean” lifestyle – No drugs,
alcohol, tobacco• Not a “gang” per se but may fit the
definition
Straight Edge
Oth
er
Ga
ng
s
• Have engaged in criminal activity with ELF and Animal Liberation Front
Hy
bri
d &
"I'm a person just like youBut I've got better things to doThan sit around and fuck my headHang out with the living deadSnort white shit up my nosePass out at the showsI don't even think about speed
Straight Edge
Oth
er
Ga
ng
s
That's something I just don't needI've got the straight edge"
Hy
bri
d &
• Militant Straight Edge followers in 1990s were violent, but have diminished
• Likely vegan• Identifiers:
L tt “X” “XXX”
Straight Edge
Oth
er
Ga
ng
s
• Letter “X” or “XXX”• Black Bandanas• Long sideburns,
short hair• Piercings• Spike bracelets• Florida State U (FSU)
“Fuck Shit Up”
Hy
bri
d &
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Extremist Gangs and Groups
• Skinheads• Peckerwoods• Hammerskins• SHARPs• Others
t G
rou
ps
Skinheads• White supremacist groups
• Neo-nazi• Anti-gay• Anti-immigrant• Anti-drug use
• Origins in Europe (UK)
Ex
tre
mis
g p ( )• Multi-national distribution• Widespread in US• Militaristic, anarchist
Skinheads• Violent, assaultive,
less “criminal”• Actively recruit Caucasian
“fringe” and loner youth• Raise children in the culture• Multi-generationalt
Gro
up
sE
xtr
em
is
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Skinheads• Identifiers:
• Shaved heads or short haircuts
• Swastikas• Confederate flag• Air Force flight jacketst
Gro
up
s
• Braces and boots
Ex
tre
mis
Skinheads• Identifiers:
• Lightning bolts• “14 words” • Numbers 88 or 1488• Greeting “Oi” • “Skin” brand clothingt
Gro
up
s
g• Iron Cross
• Book “Skinheadconfessions,” TJ Leyden
“We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children."
Ex
tre
mis
Peckerwoods• White supremacist• Neo-nazi• Concentrated in California
and southern US• Females are called
“featherwoods”t G
rou
ps
• Identifiers:• Woody woodpecker• Swastikas and other
Nazi sybols• Letters PW or APW• Numbers 88, 16, 23E
xtr
em
is
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SHARPS• Skin Heads Against Racial Prejudice• NOT racist or neo-Nazi• Recognize the bi-racial
origins of the skinheadsubculture
• Dress similar to th Ski h dt
Gro
up
s
other Skinheads• Will fight racist
Skinheads
Ex
tre
mis
Hammerskins• Neo-Nazi, etc.• Originated in Dallas, TX• Name comes from a Pink
Floyd song on The Wall• Identifiers:
• Crossed Hammerst G
rou
ps
• Confederate flags• Nazi symbols: swastikas,
iron cross, Celtic cross• Number 88• HFFH• Otherwise similar to SkinheadsE
xtr
em
is
Hammerskins• Identifiers:
• Nazi symbols: swastikas,iron cross, Celtic cross
• Number 88• HFFH• WP (White Power)t
Gro
up
s
• Otherwise similar to Skinheads exceptdress
Ex
tre
mis
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In Washington . . .Courtesy Officer M. Roberge, Spokane PD
t G
rou
ps
Ex
tre
mis
In Grays Harbor County . . .
t G
rou
ps
Ex
tre
mis
Other Neo-Nazi Groups
VolksfrontAryan Nationt G
rou
ps
White Aryan
Resistance
Nazi Lowriders Aryan BrotherhoodEx
tre
mis
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Dealing with Gangs in Schools
Responses to Gang Problems
SuppressionPolicingIncarcerationDress CodesZero Tolerance rules
InterventionCounselingSchool supportDrug/alcohol treatmentEmployment programsS
ch
oo
ls
Suspension / Expulsionp y p g
Diversion programs
PreventionFamily supportAcademic supportAfter-school programsYouth activities
Ga
ng
s i
n
Traditional Gang Response
Suppression
“We can’t arrest our way out of this problem.”Chief Gil Kerlikowski --
Sc
ho
ols
Prevention
Intervention
Cost: HighSuccess: LowRelative Cost: High
Ga
ng
s i
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Sc
ho
ols
Ga
ng
s i
n
A Preventive Gang Response
Suppression
Intervention
A public health perspective emphasizes prevention and intervention.
Sc
ho
ols
Prevention
Intervention
Cost: Moderate to HighSuccess: HighRelative Cost: Low or Moderate
Ga
ng
s i
n
Risk and Protective Factors
Low academic success (SpEd)Problem behaviorsSchool discipline historyLow school attachmentGangs in communityGang-involved peers / family
Strong school attachmentExtended academic supportPositive adult relationshipsStrong parents and familyInternal locus of controlExtracurricular activities
Risk Factors Protective Factors
ors
g p yDefiant characterExternal locus of controlPoor family managementAlcohol / Drug useDelinquencySingle-parent homesEmotional trauma / abuseHopelessness
Extracurricular activitiesLong-term goals (hope)Strong school leadership (rules)Pro-social opportunitiesEmployment
Ris
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Individual Risk Factors
• Prior delinquency• Deviant attitudes• Street smartness, toughness• Defiant, individualistic character• Fatalistic view of worldo
rs
• Aggression• Proclivity for excitement and trouble
Ris
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ac
t
Individual Risk Factors
• “Normlessness” in family, peers, and school
• Social disabilities• Illegal gun ownership• Precocious sexual activity
Al h l d dors
• Alcohol and drug use• Drug trafficking• Desire for group rewards• Problem behaviors – hyperactivity,
externalizing, lack of refusal skills
Ris
k F
ac
t
Early Signs of Gang Association
• Attendance�problems
• Academic�decline
• Behavioral�changes�(defiance,�disrespect)
“School attendance is the first thing affected by gang membership.”-- National Center for School Engagement
ors
g ( , p )
• Change�in�style�of�dress
• Tattoos
• School�detachment
• Gang�involved�peers�(change�in�friends)
Ris
k F
ac
t
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Sc
ho
ols
Style vs. Gang Clothing
• Popular styles emulate gang clothing
• Clothing is usually not a definitive indicator
• “Gang-like” does notequal “gang associated”D d hibit
Ga
ng
s i
n • Dress codes can prohibit
items that may be disruptive
• Policy or rules must not beoverly vague
• Statute limits ability to suspend for “gang activity”
• Uniforms are a best practice
If it looks like a duck, is it a duck?
cho
ols
Gan
gs i
n S
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ent o
f Pop
ulat
ion
<5%10-30%50-80%
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ise
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ator
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ang
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its
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ang
Lead
ers
Gan
g In
tere
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Yout
h As
soci
ates
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Safe School Environment
• “Gang neutral” vs. “gang free”• Gang symbols threaten safety• Remove graffiti immediately
(photograph and catalog first)• Warning signs:
o Crossed out graffitiSc
ho
ols
o Increasing graffitio Number 187o Letter “K”o Drive by activityo Mass absence
Ga
ng
s i
n
Resources
General Gang and Hate Group Knowledge:• Know Gangs: www.knowgangs.com• Gangs or Us: www.gangsorus.com• National Gang Center: www.nationalgangcenter.gov• Street Gangs: www.streetgangs.com
(mostly LA, but good information since our gangs come from California) • Into the Abyss:
htt //f lt i i t t d /M/Mi h lC li /ce
s
http://faculty.missouristate.edu/M/MichaelCarlie/(a scholarly online book about gangs)
• StrHATE Talk: www.strhatetalk.com (hate group info)
Regional Gangs:• Northwest Gangs: www.nwgangs.com
(lists of regional sets, collections of photos)
Re
so
urc
Resources
Recommended Books:• Luis Rodriguez. Always Running• William Dunn. The Gangs of Los Angeles• Al Valdez. A Guide to Understanding Street Gangs• TJ Leyden. Skinhead Confessions
ce
s
Gang Clothing:• Zazzle: www.zazzle.com
(site that sells “low pro” clothing for gangs and hate groups)
Gang and Hate Group Forums:• Know Gangs:
http://www.knowgangs.com/forum• The Hood Up: www.thehoodup.com
(gangsters talk about gangs – warning: language is graphic)
Re
so
urc
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Thank�You�!!
Tyson�Vogeler
Program�Supervisor
Washington�State�School�Safety�Center
P.O.�Box�47200
Ol i WA 97504 7200
For more information on the Gangs in Schools Task Force, or gangs in Washington, contact:
Olympia,�WA��97504�7200
360�725�4479
www.k12.wa.us/safetycenter