galaxy formation with amrhipacc.ucsc.edu/home/galaxypdf/teyssier_santa_cruz.pdf · snii = 10 51...
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010 1
Galaxy formation with AMR
Thanks to
Ben Moore, Oscar Agertz, Davide Martizzi
Frédéric Bournaud, Damien Chapon
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Outline
• Disc formation in LCDM
• Star formation efficiency and morphology connection
• Baryon fraction and AGN feedback in large galaxies
• Star formation in merging system: resolving the clumpy ISM
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
A few issues in simulations of galaxy formation
The angular momentum problemNavarro & Steinmetz
(2000)
Courteau (1997)Sb-Sc galaxies
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
A few issues in simulations of galaxy formation
Rotation curves are strongly peaked!
Governato et al. (2007)
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
A few issues in simulations of galaxy formation
Sophisticated models of SNe feedback, winds, star formation etc.Largest D/T ~ 0.2!!!
Disks are too small!
Galaxy formation in 8 Milky Way haloes (Scannapieco et al. 2009)(Hydro + N-body simulations of the Aquarius halos)
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Standard practice of star formation and feedback in simulations of galaxy formation...
1. Tune the star formation efficiency and supernovae feedback to a Kennicutt-Schmidt relation (e.g. Kennicutt 1998), using an isolated disk.
2. Assume star formation is regulated by supernovae explosions at high-z. Dump ESNII into the ISM (kinetic, thermal, cooling shutoff etc).
Abadi et al. (2003), Okamoto et al. (2009), Governato et al. (2004, 2007, 2009, 2010), Piontek & Steinmetz (2009), Scannapieco et al. (2008, 2009)
ΣSFR = (2.5 ± 0.7)× 10−4
�Σgas
M⊙pc−2
�N
ρ̇∗ = �ffρg
tfffor ρ > ρ0
Governato et al. (2007)
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Daddi et al. (2010)Genzel et al. (2010)
To form late type spirals, star
formation must be inefficient at high
redshift!
The way gas is converted into stars is observed to vary among different galaxies, within galaxies and at different cosmic epochs!
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
DLAs, z~3(Wolfe & Chen 2006)
To form late type spirals, star
formation must be inefficient at high
redshift!
The way gas is converted into stars is observed to vary widely among different galaxies, within galaxies and at different cosmic epochs!
Daddi et al. (2010)Genzel et al. (2010)
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Local, small scale star formation physics
(unresolved physics e.g stellar feedback, H2 fraction, turbulence, UV field)
Gas removal via supernova driven winds (Type II SN)
What kind of star formation regulation leads to a realistic spiral galaxy?
We perform a large suite of fully cosmological simulations of galaxy formation, using the AMR code RAMSES targeting a 1012 Msun
dark matter halo.
Gas
vs.
ESNII �ff1, 2, and 5%0, 1, 2 and 5× 1051 ergs
∆x = 150− 300 pc
Agertz et al. 2010, in press, arxiv1004.0005
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
B/D ~ 0.35B/D ~ 1.16ESNII = 2× 1051 ergs ESNII = 5× 1051 ergs
Pseudo bulge!!
B/D ~ 0.25B/D ~ 0.5
�ff = 1%�ff = 2%
B/D ~ 1.25�ff = 5%
ESNII = 1051 ergs
Stellar disks at z=0
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Star formation historiesEffect of SFE Effect of SNe feedback
ESNII z=0�ff z=0
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Circular velocities
10-20% scaling recovers the Milky Way
Effect of SFE Effect of SNe feedback
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Daddi et al. 2010; Genzel
et al 2010
The simulated disks with a low B/D
correspond to lower
ΣSFR in the spiral sequence.
z=3
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
The simulated disks with a low B/D
correspond to lower
ΣSFR in the spiral sequence.
z=3
1%2%
eff=5%
S0/ Sb/Sbc
Daddi et al. 2010; Genzel
et al 2010
B/D=1.2 B/D=0.6 B/D=0.2
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Kennicutt-Schmidt relation
+THINGS data
(Bigiel et al. 2008)
z=0Efficiency
suite
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010 16
The baryon fraction problem
Using abundance matching with dark halos, one can relate the stellar mass to the halo mass.
This gives Mhalo=2x1012 Msol for the Milky Way and 25% baryon fraction!
Our simulation suggests Mhalo=7x1011 Msol with 80% baryon fraction.
Low baryon fraction in MW models requires very efficient feedback.
Transition from late to early type galaxies around the Milky Way halo mass.
from Simon White Ringberg 2010 talk
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010 17
The Aquila project (Navarro et al. in prep)
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010 18
Strong feedback remove baryons from the halo...
We adapted to AMR the AGN feedback model of Booth & Schaye (2010).
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010 19
...but lead to the formation of dead spheroids.
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010 20
At 2x1012 Msol, we got flat Vcirc OR disks !
Circularity PDF
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010 21
High-resolution simulations of mergers
Kim, Wise and Abel (2009)Hot gas outflows
Saitoh et al. (2009)Shock-induced star formation
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Clump formation in the Antennae galaxy
Teyssier, Chapon & Bournaud, ApJL, in press, arxiv1006.4757.
No feedback. Star formation with 1% efficiency for gas density above 10 H/cc.
12 pc resolution, 40x106 gas cells 20x106 particles
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Associated star formation history
Between first and second pericentric passages, smooth disc models (96 pc) find SFR ~ 3-4 Msol/yr, a factor of 5-10 below clumpy disc models (12 pc) !
Movie: Daniel Pomarède with SDvision
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low res
Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Fragmentation: the driving mechanism for starbursts ?
Tidal interactions drive a strong m=2 perturbation. With high res and low T cooling, the dense spiral arm is gravitationally unstable and fragments in massive clumps (107 Msol)
high res
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Kennicutt-Schmidt diagram
Daddi et al. 2010Genzel et al. 2010 CO=1 ?
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Romain TeyssierSanta Cruz Galaxy 2010
Conclusions
• Low star formation efficiency leads to the formation of disc dominated systems.
• Internal processes (SF+FBK) play an important role in shaping galaxies.
• Low baryon fraction can be obtained with strong feedback but at the expense of destroying the disk.
• With smooth discs (low res > 100 pc), the SF efficiency cannot be self-consistently predicted.
• With clumpy discs (high res < 100 pc), we capture a strong, non linear evolution in the global SFE: transition from quiescent to starburst regime ?
• To get a clumpy ISM for quiescent disc galaxies, we need a resolution < 1 pc ! (see Bournaud et al. submitted)