gaba component decreased blood pressure · lgc-1 lgc-katsu lgc-jun koshihikari prolamine other...
TRANSCRIPT
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GABA Component Decreased Blood Pressure
Blood pressure
Month
Higherlower
Brown rice accumulates GABA (gamma - aminolactic acid) after soaking several hours.
By taking of pre-germinated brown rice for two months, the blood pressure decreased significantly and after stopping to take it, the blood pressure became higher.
by WENARC
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Special Purpose Japanese Rice Variety(Genetic resource)
low amylose Aya(15%), Yawarakomachi(12%), Milky Queen(10%) high amylose Hoshiyutaka(28%), Yumetoiro(28%)scented Sari Queen (long grain), Haginokaori, Kitanokaoripigmented Asamurasaki (purple, glutinous), Okunomurasaki (p)
Beni Roman (red)protein LGC-1(low gluteline), Shunyou (low gluteline)
LGC-soft (low gluteline, low amylose).LA-1(low allergic protein)
big germ Haiminori Mebaemochi (glutinous)big grain Oochikara (38mg)small grain Kanto152(13mg)
traits name of varieties
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Protein Body Change Variety
Proteins in rice endosperm
1.Protein body I
*Prolamine
*Hard to digest
2. Protein body II
*Mainly glutelin
*Easy to Digest
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Utilization of Low-Glutelin Mutant
*Reducing 22-23kDa and 37-39kDa (glutelin) subunits
*Increasing 13kDa and 16kDa (prolamine) subunits
(Nishimura, M. et al.(2005))
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*LGC varieties2/3 of digestible protein content.
*LGC+globulin less varieties1/2 of digestible protein content.(compared to normal rice)
(Normal)
0
20
40
60
80
100
LGC-1 LGC-Katsu LGC-Jun KoshihikariProlamineOther digestible protein26-kDa globulinGlutelin
Percentage to total protein
Digestible
(%)
(Nishimura,M. et al.(2005))
(modified)
26-kDa globulin less
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Effect of Low Glutelin Rice
Progress of injury of kidney function
Change in kidney functionafter taking LGC-1
inclination of 1/serum-creatinebefore (taking LGC-1) after
All patient -3.10 ± 3.62 -1.69 ± 2.95
Much rice -4.59 ± 4.33 -1.47 ± 3.51* taking group
Less rice -2.05 ± 2.94 -1.82 ± 2.79taking group
* significant at 5% level
Start of treatment
Func
tion
of k
idne
y Low protein meal + treatment for high blood pressure
Without treatment
Serum creatine(mg/dl)
1
month
T.Imbe
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Change and Increase Utilization Rice
1960s-1970s (rice insufficient); Cheap wheat flour Wheat flour day; Noodle, breadTraditional rice cake, liquor; only special days
Present time (rice excess); Stimulate rice consump. Liquor, cake, cookies, noodleProcessed boiled riceEnriched rice (pregerminated brown rice, ginseng, fungi, mushroom coating)Top rice; High quality brand rice
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Rice Cakes & Cookies
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Instant Rice
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MAS Breeding Programs
Blast (Bl) and bacterial blight (BB) resistance
Brown planthopper (BPH) resistance
Premium grain quality
Wide hybridization
Cold tolerance
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MAS Strategy for Improving Japonica Rice
F1 X RP
BC1F1 X RP
BC2F1 X RP
BC3F1 (Selfing)
BC3F2
BC3Fn (R)
Homogeneousfor R allele
(MAS)
(Dual selection)
(Dual selection)
(MAS)
Selections onAgronomic traits
BackgroundSelection
Improving resistance in Japonica Fine mapping of new R-genes
F2
F2:3
Linkage map skeleton
Pathotyping (QT data)
1. Association analysis (ANOVA)
More F2s
Bl-R-BCs
High density map (target region)
MAS Validity test
2. e-Landing on Nipponbare ORFs
3. Comparative analysis & Cloning
Dual selection selections on marker genotypes as well as agronomic traits
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DPRP
Rice Blast
Resistant progeny
- Mining & Characterization of a novel R-gene- Tightly linked DNA marker development
DPRPResistant progeny
DNA marker ; 9871.T7E2b
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DPRP Resistant progeny
RP = Jinbubyeo DP = IRBB57
Bacterial Blight- Using Known Resistance gene sources- The most effective R-gene combination
Xa4 + xa5 + Xa21
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DPRPRP = Jinbubyeo DP = IR65482-7-216-1-2
Brown planthopper
Resistant progeny
- Mining & Characterization of a novel R-gene- Tightly linked DNA marker development DNA marker
7312.T4A
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Future Strategies for Rice Breeding
Potential Productivity of Rice
New Plant Type for Increased Yield Potential
Developing Hybrid Rice
Application of Biotechnology
Wide Hybridization for New Gene
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Potential Productivity of Rice
Milled yield (t/ha)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1412.5t/ha
4.51.2t
8.8
3.7t
6.1
2.7t
Nationalaverageyield
InbredExperimentyield
HybridStation
Estimatedpotentialyield
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New Plant Type for Increased Yield Potential
To achieve these goals, a new plant type was conceived with the following attributes.
Lower tillering capacity (3-4 tillers when direct seed,8-10 tillers when transplanted)No unproductive tillers200-250 grains per panicle90-100cm tallVery sturdy stemsDark green thick and erect leavesVigorous root system100-130 days growth durationMultiple disease and insect resistanceAcceptable grain quality
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Correlation Coefficient of Yield and Yield Component
In observable yield test of IRRI and Korea's elite lines at YARI in 2005
--0.366*0.0610.615**0.011Milled rice yield
0.131--0.190-0.492**-0.0871,000 grainsweight
0.816**0.147--0.205*0.198Grainfilling ratio
-0.0690.059-0.271*--0.050No. of spikeletsper panicle
0.186-0.205*-0.327*0.064-No. of panicles
Milled rice yield
1,000 grainsweight
Grainfilling ratio
No. ofspikelets
per panicle
No. of panicles
IRRI
Korea
*, ** : Significant at 5% and 1% levels, respectively
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Path Coefficient of Yield and Yield Component
-0.357-0.131-0.0350.006Korea
0.053-0.206-0.239-0.339IRRIIndirect effect
-0.0090.1920.6500.004Korea
0.0791.0000.1700.528IRRIDirection
effect
1,000 grainsweight
Grainfilling ratio
No. of spikelets
per panicle
No. of paniclesCharters
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How Can Use QTLs for Breeding ?
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What is the QTLs and N0N- Allelic Heterosis ?
QTLs?,
Non-allelic Heterosis ?