~g ¹ Š zgzz] ÔÍ r - iiu.edu.pk...o£££zzzkkkk,,,2222+++wzzzz6666,,, zŠgq%gœ...
TRANSCRIPT
6666,,,,zzzzWWWW2222++++kkkk,,,,ZZZZ££££ooooœg%QgŠzçw-Eg;WsòÔu~ô
gzðr[ÍÔ‚(]ZzgZŠ!¹g~Roman Jacobson is with his condensed and panoramic critical fashion
materializes linguistics and embodies semiotics. He through his inventive
ingenious mounts such a discourse about structuralism and literary theory that
triumphantly contests the autocratic tradition Russian formalism and proposes
a negotiation with French structuralism. Beside such obvious and substantive
positions his contribution in linguistics and aesthetics is plausible. This paper is
a study primarily aims at his complex system of language and his deep insight
about culture, structure and mechanics of semiotics.
gzψIzVZzg�ÛZúâCÙ+‚(]ÆŠgxy:ÜsZq- (1896-1982) gzð[Í
>ÞÅwgnp�ÉZyŠzâVòV~Z¹úc*VZzgf~ZW,£xÌqÝìXZyŠz’rV~
ŠZ›gZ:R6,„7ÉiR6,Ì�ZZ·Zu0*c*Y@*ìZkÅ{mzztìŠzâV’rVÐzZh
âCÙ+Zq-—*]Ð�Z‘gnp¸ŠzuZt×Æ!*g}~ZyŠzâV»¢¢åi!*yÅ
§btÌZßwzçZ*Æ@*,ìXgzð�ÍÅaZögzk~ƒðXz{âj–8uÀÆ
!*EV~ÑgƒD�ZzggzψI~Ão™ä~Zy»ã~™ŠZgg;ìXz{gzk~Al8�á²~ƧsŠZg¸p�á²~~66Š1VÅZÊe$»ÌZ‹Zs™Dgì�X
~z{ìszZÉ−‰Zzgz;V6,Zv–8uÀůeZàX�,œ~ÅZëŠZ›gZ:’q- 1920
‚(]ÅúZzg6,ŠZ|#ÆúΧÆÃt—yÆ‚B‚B6,ZvZjwÃÌ{mZÌqÝ
~ìszZÉ6,**i~ºä�ÍÃz;VÐå36,6gHZzgz{Z%Mã˜Vz{F 1939 ìX-Eg-V~ïzD+göÆ‚BzZhg�ƈzÃ]0*‰X
gzð�ÍäΧÆÃt—yÐ’q-0*™i!*yÅ‚b»Zq-%1oZzgzZãÃt7HXZyÅÃ~:
52
LLi!*y»Âx.e$„ë{ZzgµŠZgìZkaZkÆ_·»§iÌËßg]~‚Š{
ZzgW‚y7ƒYìþþÔÔZX
�Íä:ÜsÃc*C—*]‰ß»]Ô¯@]ÔÜ5]Ôèc*]Zzg!›45é EG]ƇV~ZKÔ× (Aphasia) �~—*Cù]»o]�ÛZëHìÉ@*g]—*]Ôi!*yÔÄc*]ÔZÃft
Š;ÇV6,“ƒñZLó 60 ZzgZTg‰yZâV~Ìïi!*yÆ_¬ÅZÊe$ÃWDgHX^ÆŠzgZyZ,Vä�Ãc*]‚tÑñZy6,z{@*ŠxWy‡ìgìXZy~ËnÅF,çz;Æ
Oñz{ZyÆZ0+g—Zk**]ÅŠgc*Ä~„zsgìXz{{ØâCÙ—*]Ôi!*yÆ‚(CZßßVÆuŠgz‡b¸Xi!*yÆ‚(CZßßVÆ7ÄZ,Vä‚(]ÅÃc*CãCŠzVÃZY¤/HìXZyÆìw~ÃðÌ1Z}éÁÜ»Zmgc*ù·7ìÉZq-å
‚|#ìTÆ7ÁÜZ0+gzãZßßVÆZq-Šzu}зZîg6,a}ƒñ�Zka
ËÌó‹b»ÑZyÁÜÅ{gYˆÆOñZyÅZ0+gzãwKé¬x6,Ñ**ìOçi!*yÐ0gzð�ÍÆÓxÃc*]‚(]!*<m—*C‚(]þe$Ú�ZyÆ
4,Šq-i!*y»ZÝ�CÙaèZk»%1oÂxìXZkai!*yÐ0ZyÆ7™Š{‚(CZßwÌZq-Šzu}ÐZk§ba}ƒñ�ËÌZßw»E+™{‚|#Ða}ƒñŠzu}ZßßV»jZ!ZzgZyÅZÌ‚tÑ@*ìZzgËÌf~ÂxôÂxÐZµ™äÅÃÒgZ¨V
U*"$ƒÏ}¯@]Ô$h½5Ò5éGI
GG]Ôèc*]z){»_·×ZµZµîg6,ƒYìpaètÓx+
Zq-„Âx»z�ZkaZq-R»_·Šzu~¥VÆZßßVÆjZßVÆ%e7ìX
‚(]ÅgzÐCÙÂx‡ì!*¯Z]ìªZk»z�ŠZLZ0+gåZzg%A$ìZkÅS¤tìZkÅñ�ŠÏZL.Þ1D6,ìZzgZKi0+ÏÆaËŠzu}z�ŠÅ%ƒy57@*ë‡ì!*¯Z]Ðt%ZŠ7ìi!*yŠzu}‡VЊzg~¯ñg¿ì}i!*yZzg×ZµZµ�
c*i!*yZzgf‚»W:~ÃðZgno7ìÉZk»Ètì_Åœî0i!*yÆa¬ÐË‘:Ô;CÔ�RÔ§»Cc*¢C§iDÅÑiòÑoŠg»g7ìÉZyExÐ0¦gZ]ÅÂ}i!*yÅrë7VÐeƒãecËÌŠzu}£DÆZßßVÚÎdŒc*ðâä
62
§jÐZk6,;7HYYìXt!*]ÌZke~Zëì×Ô;]Ôf‚z){Ð�~
zZÕƒäÆ!*z�Ši!*yZzgZy‡VÆŠgxy˯g~x¹ÅˆlŠg„7ƒ$ËìX
âCÙ+‚(]ä‚|#Æ&ã~ZßwCñ�:
‚|#pŠ$½3§öGE
Zzg%1oìtZZbZÆù´»**x7ìÉZZbZÆZ0+gzãg*»**x .1
ìXZÁÜ‚|#ÆZ0+gzãZßßVÆ@*,�X‚|#Æ!*CÙWiZŠZ:îg6,ZyÅÃð
wc*z�Š7ìX
‚|#‚•c*Yæ7ìXZkÆZ0+gzãZßw7¿Æ6ÁÜÃgzÇ7ìÉZL .2
Z0+gzã¸Z2ÆZyÃ_.[™CìZzgú5+k,~Æ„66Zk**]ÃÀŠîì;V‚|#ZysV~YæìË—ãZ»ð»ZLÂxÐ!*CÙÃð·¶7ìX
‚|#pŠ”¿ì�ZL7ZßßVÅÂ}ZzgëqÆaËŠzu}1ÆjZá» .3
Z`7ìÉZK¢zgÂVZzgpŠ$½3§öGE
ZßßVÆ»x™@*ìXi!*y~ËÌÂc*¦g»!*CÙ~|ÐÃðgZ„m7ì}ÂLÂóÇŠ*Ð0Zq-eN*ùVzZáYâgŧsZ�ág{7™@*ìÉi!*yÆZ0+gzãÂxÆöÔBwÔZIÔZÐz){Åw
Ð7ƒ@*ìX
i!*yÌZq-‚|#ìXZkÆZßw.e$ÃuÔÑ',WzgÔZºZ¦Zzg!�XZkÆÓx7
ÁÜZq-„·¶Å¿Wzg~Æaºm�Zzgz{F,−c*Ý"5½h4èEGIGEìXt7ÁÜZLÃuz�Š
ÆaZq-Šzu}Ð:Üs�Zmgnp�ÉZq-Šzu}6,«�X/Z,:Li!*yÆ!*g}
~‚(]ÆâCÙ+»ìwìtg¤VÆZq-Yw»**xìXg¤V»ÂxZßßVÅãCŠ6,ƒ@*ìZkaZk~7ÁÜÅ{gY4543ð XGJGVc*ZyÅâŠ~ªVÅÃðZÌ7ìÉZyZßßVÆW3
g¤VZzgZyÐeZßq!ZzgZºZ¦Zk**]ÅZÌìXZyÆ4,Šq-i!*yZq-1CZ»ðìÉ1CÂxŃÐ4+VwìXZk~ZÖpc*—ãZ»ÇVƽ~p Semiotic entity
ÅÃðZÌ7ìZzg:ZyÆp»øg~{gYŠ*ÐÃðgZ„mìÉ{gYŠ*Ð0øg}
�Š!*]�z{i!*yЄe�c*i!*yЄoƒD�Z¤/i!*y7ƒCÂ�áh+tŠ*Zk§b
72
7ƒCT§bÐëZkÃi!*yÅ$+zªB�X‚(]ÆâCÙ+»to{ìi!*yZKyïCì:ZKyi!*yï@*ìX
‚(]Š*Æ!*g}~ZkgzZîÃb»ûy™Cìøg}ZgŠ¤/Š#ƒð»Ñ]Zµ
ZµbCÙZzgZâÆZµZµz�Š6,‡ììÉZk»ŠúòìCðZyÆZÐZŠ~z�ŠÆOñZy
ÆŠgxyZyg¤V6,«ì�ZyÃZq-Šzu}Ð�hD�ZzgZ¹Zq-‚|#~o™D�X‚|#ZzgZKãf‚~�~_“ìZka‚|#ŠgZÝZKãf‚»³ìZzg‚(]Š*Ð0x‚½VÅTyZzgŠgc*Ä»**xìX
gzð�Í»ìwì
i!*yŸzZg˜]6,ŒZq-Z+‚|#ìT~ÀZzgbzÆŠgxyW3Z®gÅ{mZÌìXtZq-M2!ÂxìTÆZ0+gzã‚(CZßßVÆÀZbZZzg
ZbZÀÅse$ó™D�XÀ»z�ŠZbZÆ%e7ZzgZbZÅÀÐ!*CÙÃð2 |7ìX
(Over all ZkÃ-VÌŒYYìi!*yZLZ0+gÀƒäÆ!*z�ŠZq-(,}¶K*CÂx»zìZzgi!*yŠgz/Šgz¼(,~�ápV6,Œì}¯@]Ô§]Ô¤/Z% system of signs)
Zzg!›45é EG]X@]"pZ»ÇVÆ7ZßßV»**xìX¸"pZ»×VZq-ÂxÆ!*p
Ãú (Discourse) Z»ÇV}âg?ZzgZÖpïD�Zzgt!*pgKgKZ»×VÓVZzg¯ð
Šï�Zk§bbzZzgÀZq-ŸzZg‚|#Ãe¯D�XCÙRÆZµZµZbZËÌîg"bÆZë / ^s7�É·ZZzg‚(Cîg6,Zq-Šzu}Ða}ƒñƒD�Xi!*y~À
gºÃ—ã¶KyÆfg)ÌŒYYìX—ã¶KyZkZ±gÐZq-À»f~zìXtZq-„z‰Ü~ZLîg6,ÀÅwÌg‚rìZzgZq-(,}—ãÂxÆZq-f~À»bÌìXZq-¯4
6,ŒZq-Àì�pŠâg?c*ÂŧbÐZq- Distintive Features ÌZ¯ÞS:]
f~ÀìX4‹bÅãCŠ~c*Wy~Z»ð7ìÉtZyZZqÐi~S:]6,Œì�4Ãe¯D�Zzg�ZLZ0+g"p�ppÅú»**¦/k,z�XZqÐi~S:]»Ãtr[
82
Í»—ã¹g~Zzg@]Źg~~Zq-i',Š„zìTů6,ˆ~e‹;áÅZqÐi~
S:]zZà¹g~‚tWðX
ZbZÔf~ÀZzgÀÅW3Z®ge$i!*yÅ‚|#Ã:Üs¢o¯CìÉZkÃ+CÒ3©3ïGE
GGGGÆ
Ñ®ZŠZk**]ÐÌé™CìXt+CÒ3©3ïGE
GGGGZßZ]ZzgßCZg»yÅR6,7É�V�VëŸzZgF,KM~/VÔF,ZIÔõzgZ]ÔÓVZzgejgkŧs(,_�Â66(tZzg55ßgÂV
~i!*yÆZEwÅWiZŠ~xƒä@ì!*<m�á²~ZzgZŠ[ÅŠvZ0s~i!*yÆ!
ZEwÅgZ�ic*Š{gz׃ä@�XŒVtÌf‚dgxeci!*yc*ÃeÃðzuZãq7ìÉZi!*âVc*ÃekÐk�ìXZkZ±gÐCÙ¿Æ0*ki!*yÆZEwÆaZÃekŠø7[ƒD�XÃz{ñµzûÆ_.ZEw™@*ìz{6ñVÆZ±gÐZy~p~Ì
aZ™YìXi!*yÅ+CÒ3©3ïGE
GGGG»¾wtÌìz{5D:Æ_.ZµZµñV6,ZEwƒäzZáZZÖpÃZq-Šzu}Ð5äZzg55F,^¯äÅŠg]g‚rìXi!*yÆZk!z/
ägzðr[ÍÃZq-6—ãÃbÅúÅ’q-Ì«ÅT~i!*yÆZŠ!™ŠZgÃ{mîg6,QY¤/HŠHì@*ëi!*yÆZk!·¶ÅZÌÃZ,Väi!*yÆ}îgì{™ŠZgűz=ôÆ:©~Œc*ìX
(Linguistic Communication i!*yÐ0ð]·´]Æ“pF,'zZî
Æ�7ÁÜ�gzðr[ÍäZyÊg`fs{ÆÆfg)Œc*ì: Model)
(t
#¥ Z:q /¸ 1
gZ‚
ZX3 Ãe
Æ·¶»W‚ãÐç Speach Act Zz6,Šb²/õYGbÁÜÅãCŠ6,i!*yÐ0ËÌ
ƒYìX
ËÌF,'zZîÆúzZuÑË:ËZ:qc*Ã#¥J-à仃@*ìZka
92
Zk»°Šƒ@*ìX¸ZzgZ:q (Addressee) ƒ@*ìZzg#¥ (Addresser) Z:q»JZc*È1
ÅF,−Æa1Zzg#¥ÆŠgxygZÆÅÃð:Ãðßg]**¦/k,ì��¦Ôy~ÔZ¼Z7-c*
ËZzgâÎŃ$ËìXgZ‚Zq-ÃeÐeìZzgÃeWÔ’k,c*ËZzgŠzu~§bňÃë
�X1Zzg#¥ŠzâV»ZkˆÐzZ�ƒ**¢zg~ìXZ:qÔ�xc*Ë{m(t~„e
ìZzgZk(tc*ñçqÐÌŠzâVž§zZ/ÑiòìXZkÝ"5»4jèEGGIEâewÆúr[ÍÃt
Š3**£[ì�xc*Z:qÅF,−Ãð¦J‚Š{zuZã¿7ìÉZk¿Ãe¯ä~
�Šzu}ÁÜ}gZ‚ÔÃeZzg(tz){�áï�z{ZkZ:qÃ:Üse¯D�ZzgZkÆp~
Ñq-ƒD�Éù¦pÅú6,ZW,Z0+ZĩD�XÃeŒV6,i!*yÆp~ìXi!*yZzgZkÆZ°~eJ‘~Z,ÁÜ̃D�Xƽ~p7ƒD�p(tÔDcÔz‰Ü
Zzg£xÆZ±gÐ(,~ZÌÆqïƒD�XZyÅñ�ŠÏZzgZEw:Üsp~ZŸ†™D�ÉZkÃ(wÔÃuZzg‰Zz‡]psÌ™D�X×*CZ˜b~
¯D�XF,'zZî~ (Context Sensitive ) ë�XtÁÜpà (Deixis) Zzg (Shifters)
�áï{Æ~Šb‰ÓxbÁÜÅñ�ŠÏZzgZyÅdqpÃ#¥J-àä~ZëgzZwZŠZ™D�ZzgZyÅw43ïGGGpÃLZzg³ƒäÆOñ)LÔ)³Zzg(w¯D�XtbÁÜaèáZiyÌ7g{0*D�ZzgZy~ÃðKÁc*ic*Š{qz~ƒY@*ìZzgqz~ƒäÅtßg]F,−ÆqƒÃq-§†™ŠîìZkaZ:qc*�xÅîßg]qz~KЄ³ƒCìXgzðr[ÍäZz6,Šb‰{ÆÃ6u}ÐF,KMŠ}™i!*yÆZ·ZUƒVÃŒäÅÃÒÅì�Zk§bì:
jZ!YC
0+Zð Ä~ ZÖg~ / _.!*C
Zgnï
¯t—ã
Zk{ÆÐi!*yÆbZ‚ÏUƒVŶKyŠ„ƒCìXZ#F,−~qƒ1ŧs
03
ƒY@*ìÂi!*y»_.!*CUúc*VƒY@*ìªZ:qÐ01»_.!*CgŠ¿Hì}Z¤/FgÃhwà**ìZzg%!Åqª**iuìZzghwZq-³¢aÅŠzg~6,ìÂZq-³¢aÅŠzg~Ì
¹MÃ,¥xƒ@*ìZzgZ¤/hwÆOñ§»AƒÂ1»_.!*CgŠ¿!*Ç„ŠƒÇXZ¤/jZ!YCU¸g~ìÂZ:qŠg„Ô9Zzg‡.Þ¢ƒCìªZq-³¢a»Zq-³¢a»„ƒÇc*¥x
ƒ@*ìgZÆÃ',ŒÛZgpp»AìÂi!*y»ZgnZgƒY@*ìZzgÃÒtƒCìZq-!*]»ƒäÅßg]~Šzu~!*]»ŸòWñXt—ãUÅßg]~tŠ¬Y@*ìHi!*yc*Ãez„ZEwƒg;ìZzgHz„—ãZ»×VZEwƒg„��ŠzâV1Zzg#¥™gì�X:KÅ
ßg]~#¥7bYìW\Hë�c*W\HIeT�X~™7g;ƒVz){XZ#F,−»0+ZðU7©~W@*ìÂÂz»%œ/#¥ƒ@*ìZzg1ZK!*]ŒäÆaZ§jZ(g™@*ì!5Õä IKHW\™gì�X÷}ì»Ètì7Í/õ FGZ[Zq-Zzg!*]ŧsWgì
�z){X
˜VJ-i!*yÆÄ~™ŠZg»mìZk»ZLÐ!*CÙËZzgÑÐÃðm7ìÉt0Y@*ìXi!*yÆŠzu} Message ìZzgÃe„ Message ',Zñ Message Z:q',ZñZ:qc*
�~qz~UÆZ±gÐZÖpZzgZ°~S:]»ZEwHY@*ìZzg}:}F,−ìwÅZ-¸]ä/Ä~gppÅÃÒÅYCì�ËÌßg]~œ°œ»x[7ƒCì@*ëqz~
:ÈVƒ„Y@*ìp–wgzðr[Íi!*yÆÄ~UÆ‚BZ(e7ìZk~
Å¡~S¤ñ�ŠƒCìXÄ~i!*y»_·Z¤/pZq-§sZϧb Pruductivity+CÒ3©3ïGE
GGGGZzg
eìT§b—*CãCŠzV6,¬xi!*y»ƒ@*ìpÄ~i!*y»Zq-Ä~™ŠZg̃@*ì�‡.ÞZZ]0Y@*ìXgzðr[ÍtÌHìÄ~™ŠZgÃ�á²~J-özŠ™**Zzg�á²~ÃÄ~·¶
J-özŠ™**ÌZq-zZ!ZzgѪ÷ìXZŠ[Åi!*y»™ŠZgÌÜsZŠ!c*Ä~7ƒ@*ìÉtZk»¸Kƒ@*ìXi!*yÅŠzu~ßgÂVZzgQV~ÌÄ~i!*y»¿Š4gLìp
z;VZkÅwU*â~Ôf~ZzgZ¬„ƒCìX¿îg6,t¹YYìZŠ[~{mîg6,i!*y»
�ZEwƒ@*ìz{i!*yÆZEwÅŠzu~ßgÂVÆ£«~·Zîg6,Zµƒ@*ìZk~
ZßZ]ÔZÖpÔF,ZIÔè~F,KMZzgi!*yÆŠzu}—*CZz™sZKŠ*Ð!*CÙË{mZzgk
13
|ÃF7™D�ÉtZq-pŠWÇ{|ÅúÒÏ™D�Xi!*y»tÄ~™ŠZg–w
Ã�ZZzg‚ÛzVF,¯CìXË~]½3¨éYEE], (Palpability of Signs) r[Í—*C¶K**]ÅC8L
Zzg]½3¨éYEE[+ÆŠgxyËËsZzggZ„gºÆZky»Ìûy™Cì6r[Í»â'ì
ÃZzg¢o¯CìZzgZk»§&»g|ÅŠ* (Dichotomy) Ä~i!*y**xZzgÚÅ"3ðIE~F,KM(Linguistics and ÐjZ!gppÆOñpŠjZ!YC0YCìXZL*y—*]ZzgÄc*]~(Style in Language ) Y~Z&+b-Eg;ŧsÐÂ{ög 1958 �Z,Vä Poetics)
7,JåZk~˜�:
L=¹ŠHì~—*]ZzgÄc*]ÆŠgxygº6,¿îg6,¼Ü]7™zVXÄc*]ÃÃyÏq®»Šgz«™C (Verbal Message) ãCŠ~îg6,ZkÎZw6,c™CìZq-“p
!o-÷GE
ìXaVÄc*]»ãCŠ~ñçqZq-§stìÁãCŠ~S:]ů6,ZŠ[»®Šzu}.yÐZìZzgŠzu~§si!*y»ZŠ!ZEwi!*yÆŠzu}ZEÑ]ÐùZµìZkaZŠ!_°]~—*]ûŠ£xqÝìXó4
gzðr[ÍÆZz6,Šbƒñ–8Ý"5»4jèEGGIEâewÐZŠ!¹g~‚izVùg~‚i~Æ
aZq-¯¯c*âew0ŠHZzgZkÅgzÐZŠ[ZzgZŠ!áyÃZ§hVZzgÃ-VÐKÅÃÒÅ
ˆ-VZŠ[Ð0ZÎZÑ]Q¸gäÆZk**]ÃÌ(q݃ðXZkâewÊg`fs§jÐÌ%A$HŠHX
Úø / (t
‡g~ ’k, '
Ãe
ZkF,KM~!o-
÷GEÃv.sHŠHìX1ÆOñ'Zzg#¥Å(‡g~Ã�áïHŠHìXƒÐZë!*]tìZk~gZ‚Å(6,’k,~ÂÃ(Š~ˆìXZkâewÆZ#'Å
§sqƒƒÇ‚g~q,'ÆÃbZzg,Æ_.ªYñÏX¸zzìøg~gzZîW~p»JZZzgÈ'Å,ICìZzg'Ãð»gÆ£6,èc*ŠHìZ#Úø6,
23
ÃWYCìÂZŠ[Æ@*g]Zzg�RU6,ÂzKzwƒCìZzgtŠ¬Y@*ìz{ÃyÐqÑ]
¸XÅñ�ŠÏ~ZŠ[ðHŠHìc*7HYñÇZ#’k,Ã%œ/Âz¯c*YñÇÂZŠ[»454-öXG
GJ™ŠZg
úc*VƒÇZ#ÃeþHYñÇÂZŠ[Æ‚(C™ŠZg6,cƒÏZzgZ#‡g~6,Ã%ÃiƒYñÏ
ÂZŠ[»‹U7©gìÇX
qgz!*Ñï]ÅgzÝ~W`ZŠ!¹g~Æ‘ÒšðEEV~tâewZk§bF,KM0*@*ì:
âgË
‡g~Z‚k 454-öXGJG gzâã
‚(C Æ~
Å(,fƒð=qìXgzð (Reception Theory ) ‡g~Z‚kÃ-VÅ)©àZÌÅzz
ÅZq ( D e c o d e r ) �ÍäZkiâä~Zk!*]ŧsZ�ág{Hå‡g~
Ðic*Š{Zzg4ƒCìX (Encoder) Zzg‡/
ΧƗ*]~gzð�Í»zZ•ðZëZzgŠzggk}ò»qïìpËzzÐ
ZyÅóÃ@VÅ{§pZ{5+k,Zð7ƒmìXZk~Ãð—7ìZ,VäΧÐ
{™Z.Š{Hìpi!*yÅâˆÔ‚|#ZzgZkÆZÊ~_¬ÅZÌÐ0ZyÅ9WgZ
ZzgïfZCZzgZºZ¦ƒäÆ‚B‚Bù]Z�ÛziÌ�XZyÆ9óï]Zk§b!*ë%1o�ËÌZq-¦gÃZµ™ÆŠÚÐZkÅ7g~se$iZbƒ$ËìXZk¿*y~ZyÆ
7™Š{Óxï]Ã'GîZª»!*)ƒÇ@*ëZyÆPZëñç¬]»f™:îg6,WŠHìXgzðr[ÍaègzψI~Zzg‚(]Æ!*ãMZy~uz„�ZkaZŠ!¹g~ÅZ’Zð
^³™ä~i!*yZzgZŠ[Æ!*bg¤VÐ0ZyÆìÑ]{mÂzeT�X].h+ZŠ!¹g~Æe~ZyÆŠz¦gZ]"uZÌÆqï�XZq-ti!*y»ZŠ!:HìZzg—*Câew~i!*yÆZŠ!™ŠZgÅHZÌìZkbÅZz6,¾§oƒzŸs#ƒ_ìZϦgÐzZhZy»Zq-ZzgóN‡.Þx@{Zzg_·ìXt—*]Ð0ZyÆ7™Š{Šz¦gZ]�
Zzg ( N o t i o n o f p o l a r i t i e s ) �i!*yÆZŠ!™ŠZgЄÝ�t�¦g
33
Xgzðr[Í»¦gŠgZÝΧÆZkìw6,FF (Notion of Equivalence) ¦g®sZzgÀŠ~ (Syntagmatic Relations) ZzgZkлgìTÆZ,Väi!*y~Z|g¤V
Å!*]ÅìXejgk)¯ð(~˜VZÖpÃîwc*S (Paradigmatic Relations) g¤V
Æ‚B1Ñc*èc*Y@*ìZzgZÖpZq-iîÆŠZâVŧbZq-Šzu}ÐŒÛRgº (Linearity)
~݃YD�z�ZyÅZŠZ5Pˆ„eƒCìZzgZq-‚BZq-„z‰Ü~ŠzZÖp
(Syntagmatic) c*Šz—ãZ»ÇVÅZŠZ5**eì¯ð~ZÖpÆŠgxyZkZ|gºÃΧä»**xŠc*ìXtgZÖpÆZN[ (Paradigmatic ) »**xŠc*ìXŠzu~§bÆgºÃZ,Vä
6,ìªZq-¿~�ZÖp�áïƒD�Zy»ZyZÖpÐHgì�ñ�Š7�@*ëq¢ZÖpÆ‚B�}gº~Ý�Zzgq¢ZÖpÅ(6,ZEwƒMh�Ô°ZÒwñ�Š{¯x~ZEw
(Presentation) 7ƒñ�ªÃ¶Å(öÔ÷Å(÷ZzgBwÅ(BwXªgq¢
(Store »ÌìtZq-§b» (Association ) »ìWyZ™ Absentia »ìZzgŠzuZ#[
Ð0�Zzgi!*yÆ (Poles ) ìtŠzâVZq-Šzu}Ð].Z�ZzgZµZµuzV House)
™ŠZgŧsZ�ág{™D�Zzgi!*y~—ãZ»ÇVc*ZÖpÆŠgxy ( T w o f o ld ) ŠzCÙ}
6,FF(Equilance) Ƨ&»gÃe¯D�XtŠzâV®s Selection Zzg Combination
6,»x™Dƒñr[ÍÃCkƒZZÃftÐDg (Language Disorder) �XZÃftÅFg~%!c*ÂZN[c*QF,KM6,‡17gÄ0*D�Zzg]9ZŠZ7™0*D�Zk§bZÃft~ŠzZµ
ƒD�Xgzðr[ÍÅÃ~tŠzª¦g—ãZ¦ZŠ (Language Impairments ) §bÆ
(Binary Æe~ΧÅ7™Š{Zq-ZëóŠgc*ÄìZzgZkÐi!*yÅú~"3ðIE~§ŠÅZÌZY¤/ƒCìX§Šgzðr[ÍÆ4,Šq-i!*yÅ‚|#Æg_0î IG0Âx~ Oppostion)
Zëwg‚rìT~ŠzZ˜q]»!*b¿Zzg�Z!¿»{mŠ4짊~�áïŠzâVšÔ / Š6Ôîs / Z˜²Zq-Šzu}Æz�ŠÆaÑiò�}Z¤/ß»]Å!*]™,ÂZÔ
ñ/$z){ÔŠzu}ZÖpÅ!*] / ¦Ôè™ / )!3©ð EEkÔ¤/ZÎÅ!*]™,ÂzZu / )$qÔ!3©ð EEk / $q
úg]ÜFVB7ÅY$Ë�X / gZ]Ô%Š / ŸÔŠy / ™,Âgzb
gzð�Í»ìwìZÃftFg~Šz„ŠUªZN[Å"F,v�TÃtÅ"F,v�
43
̹Y@*ìZzgF,KMÅ"F,v�Tý[Å"F,v�¹Y@*ìXi!*yÐ0Zq-Zë"3ðIE~§ŠZ7g{ZzgWi%ËÐ�Zmgnp�XZ7g{ZzgWi%ËŠzâV®sÅ×�XËÌejgkc*“p�R¿Åú~Z7g{ZzgWi%ËŠzZ‚ÏUƒVÅwgnp�Xñg_;áÆ‚B
Two Aspects of ~�áï*y Fundamentals of Language Y~"™Š{Â[ 1956
~r[͘�: Language and Types of Aphasic Disturbances
i!*yÅŠzª‚|#Z7g{ZzgWi%ËÆZgŠ¤/Š6ÎCìZzgtŠzCÙ~„ÓxZKã§i¿!*<m—ã¿~ã~ZÌÅqïìÔZ7g{ZzgWi%ËŠzØV~Zq-Z»ð
L�Zã¹ìóÂZkZ7g} ÃËŠzu~Z»ðÆáZŠsŒY@*ì}Z¤/ët}Ð
~�ZãúÆ',Z',ŒŠHìXZϧbZ¤/t¹YñLgZ`ÈyÐt@Ze$WðìóÂZ›gZ`ÈyÃÍg3,ÆáZŠsŒÛZgŠc*ŠHìX5
ZyVßVÐtU*"$ƒ@*ìZ7g{˜tÅÅìT~�ZãúÐHŠHìÅÅìgZ`ÈyZzgÍg3,ŠzâVZq- (Contiguity) ZzgŠzâV~˜tìZzgWi%˽[
Šzu}Æ',Z',�XZk§bZ7g{i!*yÆÀŠ~™ŠZgZzgWi%Ëi!*yÆZ|™ZgÃQY¤/™@*ìWi%ËÅìXgzð�ÍZ#i!*yÆZŠ!·¶Å (Synecdoche) )UZ7g}ÅnìZzg
!*]™D�Âz{Zk!*]6,izgŠï�Z|R6,ZÖpÅF,KMZzgÀŠ~R6,ZÖpÆZN[»¿
ZŠ!i!*yŃÆa(,~ZÌ»qïìXgzi%{Åi!*y~ÌZkÅZÌÐZïg7@*ëZŠ!i!*y~Zke~Åg~ÃÒ»¿Š4ic*Š{ìXZyÆ4,Šq-ZŠ!Ki!*yÆZEwÅÓxßgÂV~Ác*ic*Š{¢zgñ�ŠgLìZkaZŠšMZzgÄe$¡Ä~i!*yкm7ì@*ëZŠ[~i!*y»Ä~™ŠZgic*Š{qz~Ôúc*VZzg%Eßg]Z(g™@*ìXqì:
"Poetic function is not the sole function of verbal art, but only its
dominant, determining function, whereas in all other verbal activities it
acts as a subsidiary accessory constituent. This function, by promoting the
palpability of signs, deepens the fundamental dichotomy of sings, and
objects. Hence, when dealing with poetic function, linguistics cannot limit
itself to the field of poetry. (1998) 6X
53
jjjjZZZZÙÙÙÙzzzzjjjjZZZZ!!!!YYYY]]]]1. https://literarycriticismj ohn.blogspot. com/2012/01/
structuralismthe- saussure an -principles.html
2. https://web.stanford.edu/~eckert/PDF/jakobson.pdf
0*w1,ZuÔZKebc*Ws1ÀÔW±i«çEe-Eg;6,öÔ7002Y 3X4.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-25934-2_16
gzð�ÍÔñg_;áÔ-Z$45ÎæEHEWsÉ45½ð GE
YòÔÃgÇH…Ô7102Y 5X
6.
http://varenne.tc.columbia.edu/bib/texts/jakbsromn600constat.pdf
63