Feb. 12, 2015 Baumgarten et al. 1

ALOMAR

ALOVAL-IAP: Doppler Lidar and Radar observations

G. Baumgarten, J. Chau. J. Fiedler, J. Hildebrand, F.-J. Lübken, G. Stober

Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsKühlungsborn, Germany

Feb. 12, 2015 Baumgarten et al. 2Wie misst man Wind in der Mittleren Atmosphäre / IAP Kuratorium 28.10.2009Baumgarten et al.

Doppler-Wind Lidar: Doppler-Wind Lidar: • Temperature: hydrostatic, rot. Raman Temperature: hydrostatic, rot. Raman • Wind: direct detection of Doppler shift Wind: direct detection of Doppler shift

((//<10<10-7-7))using single edge techniqueusing single edge technique

• Laser power:Laser power: 2 x 150 MW peak2 x 150 MW peak• Telescopes:Telescopes: 2 x ø=1.8 m2 x ø=1.8 m• FOV: 96 µrad FOV: 96 µrad

Doppler wind (twin) lidar: to get Doppler wind (twin) lidar: to get both components of the horizontal windboth components of the horizontal wind

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Why wind measurements by lidar?● to understand dynamics, e.g. propagation of waves● no measurements by radar, balloon or satellites

between 40 and 70 km● rockets allow for sporadic measurements

Wind measurement methods at ALOMAR69°N/16°E

Waves in the mesosphere play an important role:On scales from a few km to

a few 1000 km

The waves are seen in wind perturbations, affected by the wind

and excited in the Troposphere.

→ ADM/Aeolus

Where do waves above ALOMAR originate?

Using 4d fields of

T, U, V

„wave free Atmosphere“

ECMWF T213

GROGRAT period > 3h 2013-12-06

What could we gain fromAeolus for improved understanding of the mesosphere:

GW source amplitudes and locations

Improved model winds in The upper troposphere lower stratosphere

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DoRIS: Doppler Rayleigh Iodine Spectrometer

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Cabannes (Rayleigh) linefiltered through I2-vapour cell

Wind Temperatur

Single edge technique, allowing simultaneous wind, temperature and aerosol retrieval (+Raman)

Signal depends on wind and temperature

Baumgarten, AMT, 2010

Hildebrand et al., 2012

80 km

20 km

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lidar meanlidar hourlyradarECMWFHWM07

Disturbed profiles in wind / temperature

Exceptional vortex dynamics observable simultaneously in temperature and wind.…sometimes more pronounced in temperature or wind

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How to validate the lidar ?

Wind measurments with “starute” (Stable retardation paracute)e.g. Schmidlin, 1986carried by superloki rockets

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DoRIS day validation: lidar vs. rocketWADIS Campaign, June, 2013

rocketlidarSaura radarECMWF model

….11 Superloki / Starutes

Daytime!

Stanev, Diploma, 2014

~20 km separation

<2 km separation

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January 21/23, 2012: ECMWF 30 mbar wind70 m/s

Using:- hodograph, - background T,U,V - temporal evolution

Wave at z~50kmPobs= 17hPint= 8 hj=20°lh=1100 kmlh(doppler)=1400 km

Wave at z~60kmPobs= 9.5 hPint= 8.1 hj=53°lh=550 km

Filter:dt= 2 h .. 24 hdz> 2 km

50h

persistent wave signatures

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But measurements in the lower atmosphere?

Since 2007 we have prepared the instrument for Aeolus validation:

● additional channels for troposphere installed● Initial data retrieval algorithms implemented

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 505

10

15

20

25

30

35

Wind speed(m/s)

Alti

tud

e(km

)

Radiosonde-NWTRadar-NWT

ECMWF-NWTLidar-NWT

Time-30.06. 2100--2400 Radiosonde:300613_2011ECMWF:A130701.00

Aerosols not taken into account

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Recent example – near realtime proceasing

January 20, 2015

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October 8, 2014 23:00 CET

ALOMAR RMR-Lidar:30 second data - online display

rot. Raman 529/530vib Raman 387, 608, 660

elastic 355/532/1064DoRIS 532total: 17 channels

Rayleigh lidar IAP Kborn:355, 387, 529, 530, 532, 608, 660, 1064

Most sensitive channels(532 nm) measure above >40 km

~1000 h of observations / year

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Low altitude channels

532 nm

1064 nm

355 nm

day and nighttime neededDue to high latitude daytime conditionsMay to August

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Radar observations

(limited to) VHF 53 MHz→ OSWINII→ MAARSY

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SpecificationFrequency 53.5 MHzTransceiver-modules 433Power ~866 kW

Antennas 433 3-element (crossed)

Yagi Antennas

Gain 33.7 dBiAperture ~6300 m2

Beam width 3.6°Beam steering capabilities freely steerable with 35°

off-zenith Receiver channels 16

Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System-MAARSY

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Example Dec. 2013

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• strong upward and downward motion due to mountains

12/02/15

MAARSY vertical wind measurement

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Which locations to use?

IAPALOMAR

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We provide ● Doppler lidar and radar measurements, flexible instrument configurations.

● Knowlegde of development, operation and validation

We will ● Perform co-located measurements and statistical comparisons

● Define detailed instrument configurations about 6 months before E1

● likely use VHF radar winds at other high latitudes, e.g. 69S