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iv

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vi

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yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu;fspy; jputq;fspd; msit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;J

gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.

yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; njhlu;ghd fzf;Ffisr; nra;thu;.

24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; Neuq;fisf; $Wthu;.

kzpj;jpahyk;> epkplq;fs; nfhz;l fhyk; gw;wpa fzf;Ffisr; nra;thu;.

rJu nrd;upkPw;wupy; fl;lq;fspd; gug;gsit mse;J $Wthu;.

&gha; 1 000 tiuapy; gzf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fisAk; fzpjr; nra;iffisAk;

nra;thu;.

epiyf;Fj;J> fpilj;jsq;fisg; gpupj;jwpthu;.

,U gupkhz jstbtq;fisf; (tiyAUf;fis) nfhz;L Kg;gupkhz Mf;fq;fisr;

nra;thu;.

nrq;Nfhzk; tiuthu;. nrq;Nfhzj;ijtplr; rpwpaJk;> ngupaJkhd Nfhzq;fis

,dq;fhz;ghu;.

nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghl;bd; vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; Njitf;Nfw;gg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

vspa gupkhzk; nfhz;l cUtq;fs; tiuthu;. rkr;rPu; cUtq;fis mikg;ghu;.

fw;Gyrhjdq;fs; gw;wpa mDgtj;ijr; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jthu;.

jfty;fisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiugpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.

Neu#rpfisAk; tiuGfisAk; thrpg;ghu;.

vii

fzpjk; - ghlj;jpl;lk;

fzpj ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; rfy Gyq;fspYk; gpurpde; jPu;j;jy; kw;Wk;; kdf;fzpjk; nra;Ak;

jpwd;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

1 . 01 . 01 . 01 . 01 . 0 vz;vz;vz;vz;vz;

1.1 vz; vz;zf;fU

• 10 000 tiuapyhd vz;fspd; ,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

• 1 ,ypUe;J 100 000 tiu vz;fisAk; vz;ngau;fisAk; thrpg;ghu;>

vOJthu;.

• 10 000 ,ypUe;J 100 000 tiu gj;jhapuq;fspy; vz;fspd; ngau;fis

thrpg;ghu;.

• 1 ,ypUe;J 9 999 tiuapy; vz;fis tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.

• ngupa vz;fis vOJk;NghJ epak Kiwiag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

1.2 vz; Nfhyq;fs;

• nghJtpj;jpahrk; 6 Kjy; 8 tiuapy; cs;s vz;Nfhyq;fis

cUthf;Fthu;.

• 2> 3> 4 kw;Wk; 5 ,d; ngUf;fq;fSldhd vz;Nfhyq;fis Mf;Fthu;.

1.3 gpd;dq;fs;

• ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;FfSf;F cupa gpd;dq;fis

,dq;fz;L ifahSthu;.

1.4 jrkk;

• jrkq;fisg; gj;jpd; gq;Ffshf ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.

1.5 cNuhkd; vz;fs;

• I Kjy; XX tiuapyhd vz;Fwpfis ,dq;fz;L ifahSthu;.

2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;2.0 fzpjr; nra;iffs;

2.1 $l;ly;

• ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Lk;

gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.

• %d;wpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf; $l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj;

jPu;g;ghu;.

2.2 fopj;jy;

• 9 999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu; vz;izf;

fopf;Fk; gpurpde;jPu;g;ghu;.

viii

2.3 ngUf;fy;

• 7 kw;Wk; 9 tiuapyhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghl;il mwpe;J gad;gLj;Jthu;.

• <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 7 kw;Wk; 9 My; ngUf;fy; njhlu;ghd gpurpde;

jPu;g;ghu;.

• 2 ,ypUe;J 10 tiuapyhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpg;

gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.

• <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 2 ,ypUe;J 10 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; ngUf;fy;

njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

2.4 tFj;jy;

• <upyf;f my;yJ %tpyf;f vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5 Mfpa vz;fshy;

tFj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

• ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W ,yf;f vz;fis 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;


3.0 msj;jy;3.0 msj;jy;3.0 msj;jy;3.0 msj;jy;3.0 msj;jy;

3.1 ePsk;

• kPw;wu; kw;Wk; nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.

• mjpfsT J}uj;ij mstpLk; mstPlhf fpNyhkPw;wiuAk; mjd; epak

FwpaPl;ilAk; ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.

• fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk; kPw;wUf;F ,ilapyhd njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L

gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

• kPw;wu; my;yJ nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdk; nra;thu;.

• kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; cs;slq;fpa $l;ly;> fopj;jy;> ngUf;fy; kw;Wk;


3.2 epiw

• fpNyhfpuhikg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUs;fspd; epiwia mDkhdpg;ghu;>

mse;J xg;gpLthu;.

• fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; cs;slq;fpa $l;ly;> fopj;jy; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.

• fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; cs;slq;fpa vspa ngUf;fy; (myF khw;wkpd;wp)


• fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; cs;slq;fpa vspa tFj;jy; (myF khw;wkpd;wp)


33333.33333 nfhs;ssTk; fdtsTk;

• yPw;wu; my;yJ kpy;ypyPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp jput msnthd;wpd;

nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpg;ghu;.

• yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu;fsp;y; jug;gl;l jput msTfs; njhlu;ghd vspikahd

fzf;Ffisr; nra;thu;.

ix

3.4 fhyk; • Kw;gfy;> gpw;gfy; vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.

• kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fope;j fhyj;ijf; $Wthu;.

• 24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.

• kzpj;jpahyKk; epkplKk; cs;slq;fpa Neuk; njhlu;ghd fzf;Ffisr;;

nra;thu;.

3.5 gug;gsT

• vNjr;irahd myFfisg; gad;gLj;jpg; gug;gsit mse;J $Wthu;.

• rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg; gug;gsit mse;J $Wthu;.

44444.0 0 0 0 0 gzk;gzk;gzk;gzk;gzk;

4.1 gzKk; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSk;

• $l;ly;> fopj;jy;> ngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa gze; njhlu;ghd

vspa fzf;Ffisr; nra;thu;.

• rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fs;; nra;thu;.

55555.0 0 0 0 0 tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;tbtq;fSk; ntspAk;

5.1 jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;

• jpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fsJk; mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis

,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

• fpil> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jp ,dq;fhz;ghu;.

• Kg;gupkhz Nfj;jpufzpj cUf;fis mikg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba

,U gupkhz tiyAUf;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.

• jstbtq;fisg; (tiyAUf;fis) gad;gLj;jp Kg;gupkhz Nfj;jpufzpj

cUf;fis mikg;ghu;.

5.2 Nfhzq;fs;

• nrq;Nfhzk; tiuthu;.

• nrq;Nfhzj;ijtplr; rpwpa> ngupa Nfhzq;fisg; gpupj;jwpthu;.

5.3 jpirfs;

• vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; ,dq;fz;L Fwpg;ghu;.

• vspa gupkhzk; nfhz;l cUtq;fis tiuthu;.

5.4 ntsp njhlu;ghd jpwidg; ngWjy;

• ntsp njhlu;ghd Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

• rkr;rPu; cUtq;fis mikg;ghu;.

• fl;Gy fw;gidr; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.

66666.0 0 0 0 0 juTfisf; ifahSjy;juTfisf; ifahSjy;juTfisf; ifahSjy;juTfisf; ifahSjy;juTfisf; ifahSjy;

• juTfisr; Nrfupj;J> tiuG %yk; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.

• Neu#rpfisAk; tiuGfisAk; ju;f;fuPjpahf thrpg;ghu;.

x

xi

fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;fw;;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwapay;

%d;W> ehd;F Mfpa juq;fspy; gps;isfSf;Fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fs;>

nraw;ghLfs;> mku;e;j epiy Ntiy vDk; %tpj KiwfSf;Fr; rkkhd ftdQ;

nrYj;jg;gLk; tpjj;jpYk; juk; 5 gps;isfSf;Fr; nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; mku;e;j epiy

NtiyfspYk; $ba ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gLk; tpjj;jpYk; fw;wy; re;ju;g;gq;fis

xOq;fikj;jy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. me;je;jf; fzpj vz;zf;fUthf;fj;jpw;F kpfTk;

nghUj;jkhd> khztuJ #oYld; mz;kpj;jJkhd cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjd;

%yk; fzpjj;ijf; fw;gjw;fhd tpUg;igAk; Mu;tj;ijAk; gps;isfspDs;

cUthf;FtJ Mrpupaupd; nghWg;ghFk;.

gps;isfSf;F Kd;itf;fg;gLk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l tpisahl;Lf;fSk; nraw;ghLfSk;>

mtu;fspd; rpe;jdh rf;jpiaAk; ju;f;fpf;Fk; Mw;wiyAk; mwpitAk; tpUj;jp

nra;af;$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mJ NghyNt fzpj ghlNtisapd;NghJ ,izr;

nraw;ghLfs; thapyhf mjw;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; rpwg;ghdjhFk;.

khztu; ,t;thwhd nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjd; %yk; milthu;fs; vd

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ed;ikfs; gy cs;sd. mtw;Ws; rpy gpd;tUkhW:

• nraw;ghLfis ntw;wpfukhfr; nra;a Kbtjdhy; Raek;gpf;if tpUj;jp milfpwJ.

• NkYk; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjw;fhd ce;Jjy; fpilf;fpwJ.

• Ra Cf;Ftpg;GlDk; Ra ek;gpf;ifAlDk; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjd; %yk;

cs;shu;e;j Mw;wy; tpUj;jpailfpwJ.

nraw;ghLfs; %yk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gLk; tplaq;fs; njhlu;ghf khztu; - khztu;>

Mrpupau; - khztu; fye;JiuahLtjw;F tha;g;Gfis xOq;Fnra;tjd; %yk;

gps;isfspilNa KbTfs; njhlu;ghd nrt;itAk; Raek;gpf;ifAk; tpUj;jp

milfpd;wd.

khztu; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; fzpjj; Nju;r;rpfs;

mku;e;j epiy NtiyapD}lhf NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F

tFg;Gf;Fupa ghlE}y; cjTk;. NkYk; Mrpupau;fspdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l gapw;rpfisAk;

khztUf;F Kd;itj;jy; kpfTk; cfe;jjhFk;.

ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSkghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSkghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSkghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSkghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSk;; ;; ;

ghlrhiy Neuj;jpy; fzpj ghlj;ijf; fw;wy; ghlE}ypw;Fk; tFg;giwf;Fk; kl;Lk;

tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUj;jyhfhJ. fPo; tFg;GfspypUe;Nj ghlk; njhlu;ghd tpUg;ig

gps;isfspDs; cUthf;Fjy; Kf;fpakhFk;. mwpitj; J}z;Lk; re;ju;g;gq;fspD}lhf

kfpo;r ;rpailtjw;F xOq;F nra;J> fzpjj;ij kdq;ftu; ghlnkhd;whf

epiyg;gLj;Jjy; rfy Mrpupau;fspdJk; flikahFk;. fzpjj;jpy; cs;s fyhrhu

tpOkpaq;fs; gps;isfspDs; tpUj;jpailaf;$bathW ghl ,iz epfo;r;rpfisAk;

ghlrhiy epfo;r;rpfisAk; xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;sy; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.

fzpjj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd mwpTf; fsQ;rpak; Nghd;w Nghl;bfis xOq;fikj;jYk;

elj;JjYk; fzpj E}yfk;> fzpjf; fz;fhl;rp> fzpjr; nraw;wpl;lk; Mfpatw;iw

topelj;jpr; nry;yYk; xOq;F nra;jYk; ,jd; fPo; nra;af;$ba rpy ghl,izr;

nraw;ghLfshFk;. ghl,iz Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;Fg; ngw;Nwhu;> Mrpupau; Mfpa

,U jug;gpduJk;> gps;isfspdJk; gq;Fgw;wiyg; ngWtjw;F mjpgu; jiyikapy;

nrayhw;Wjy; mtrpakhFk;.

fzpg;gPL nra;jy;fzpg;gPL nra;jy;fzpg;gPL nra;jy;fzpg;gPL nra;jy;fzpg;gPL nra;jy;

fzpj ghlk; fw;Fk; rpW gps;isfspd; fzpj vz;zf;fUf;fspdJk;> jpwd;fspdJk;

tpUj;jp njhlu;ghf ve;NeuKk; fz;lwpjy; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,t;thwhd

fz;lwpjy;fspy; ,Ue;J> Nrfupf;fg;gLk; jfty;fs; %yk; gps;isapd; Kd;Ndw;wk;

njhlu;ghd tpsf;fj;ijg; ngWjy; NghyNt> gps;isf;Ff; fzpjk; fw;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk;

gpur;rpidfs;> ,lu;g;ghLfs; gw;wpAk; MrpupaUf;F tpsf;fj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

,t; tanjy;iyiaj; jhz;Lk; gps;is njhlu;ghfj; jfty;fs; Nrfupf;Fk;NghJ>

gps;is rhjhuzkhff; fw;wypy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy;> Kd; jpl;lkpd;wp

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fzpg;gPLfSf;Fg; gpujhd ,lk; cupj;jhf Ntz;Lk;. Ntiyapy;

<Lgl;Ls;s gps;isfis mtjhdpj;jy;> tha;nkhop tpdhf;fs; tpdTjy;>

gps;isfSf;Fr; nrtpkLj;jy; vd;gd ,t;thwhd rpy KiwfshFk;. ,k;Kiwfs;

%yk; gps;isfs; jdpj;jdpahfTk; FOf;fshfTk; fzpjk; fw;wypy; <Lgl;Ls;s

re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; Kd;Ndw;wk; njhlu;ghf jfty;fis Nrfupf;f KbAk;. ,t;thW

Nrfupf;fg;gLk; jfty;fis Kiwg;gb gjpe;Jnfhs;sy;; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,jw;F

Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bapy; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;s 'jfty; gjpjy; gbt"

khjpupiag; gad;gLj;j KbAk;.

Kiwrhu; fzpg;gPl;bd;NghJ tpilaspg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kjpg;gPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;

MrpupaupdhNyNa jahupf;fg;gLjy; kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

xii

cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;

Kjy; gFjpKjy; gFjpKjy; gFjpKjy; gFjpKjy; gFjp

thuk; thuk; thuk; thuk; thuk; gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;

1. vz; tpsf;fk; 01

2. ngupa vz;fSk; - cNuhkd; ,yf;fKk; 10

3. $l;ly; 17

4. fopj;jy; 24

5. ngUf;fy; 1 33

6. ePsKk; J}uKk; 1 39

7. kPl;lw; gapw;rp

8. tFj;jy; 1 46

9. jpz;kq;fs;> jstbtq;fs;> Nfhzq;fs; 52

10. fhyk; 1 59

11. epiw 1 65

12. vz;Nfhyq;fs; 1 71

13. kPl;lw; gapw;rp

,uz;lhk; gFjp,uz;lhk; gFjp,uz;lhk; gFjp,uz;lhk; gFjp,uz;lhk; gFjp

14. ngUf;fy; 2 78

15. tFj;jy; 2 85

16. juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1 90

17. gzk; 1 96

18. gug;gsT 105

19 kPl;lw; gapw;rp;

20. gpd;dq;fs; 113

21. fhyk; 2 119

22. fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1 124

23. jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk; 130

24. jpirfs; 138

25. kPl;lw; gapw;rp

26. kPl;lw; gapw;rp

%d;whk; gFjp%d;whk; gFjp%d;whk; gFjp%d;whk; gFjp%d;whk; gFjp

27. 10 My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk; 143

28. fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2 147

29. ePsKk; J}uKk; 2 153

30. vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2 161

31. kPl;lw; gapw;rp;

32. gzk; 2 164

33. jrkk; 168

34. epiw 2 171

35. juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2 175

36. fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk; 179

37. rkr;rPu; Nfhyq;fs; 184

38. kPl;lw; gapw;rp;

39. kPl;lw; gapw;rp

xiii

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J

1 Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;nrhw;fsQ;rpak;

³,lg;ngWkhdk; ³xd;wpdplk;

³ gj;jpdplk; ³E}wpdplk;

³ xd;Wfs; ³E}Wfs;

³ gj;Jf;fs; ³,yf;fk;

³ vz;Fwpfs; ³Mapuj;jpdplk;

tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;tsq;fs;

³ fljhrpAk; ngd;rpy;fSk;

³ 0 ,ypUe;J 9 tiu

vz;ml;ilfs; (FOTf;F ehd;F

vz; ml;ilfs; nfhLg;gjw;Fj;

NjitahdthW)

KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;KO tFg;G mwpKfk;

%t pyf ; f vz ;fs ; r pytw ;iw

Kd;itAq;fs;. xt;Nthu; vz;zpYk;

e Pq ; fs ; $Wk ; ,yf ;fq ; fs pd ;

,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghf khztuplk;

Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

vz; 57 ,y; ,yf;fk; 5 Fwpf;Fk;

ngWkhdk; ahJ?

,yf;fk; 7 Fwpf;Fk; ngWkhdk; ahJ?

vz; 849 ,y; ,yf;fk; 4 Fw p f ; Fk ;

ngWkhdk; ahJ?



vz;fspy; ,yf;fk; mike;Js;s

,lj;Jf;Nfw;g ngWkhdj;ijg; ngW-

fpd;wJ vd;gij NkYk; njspT-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

%tpyf;f vz;fspy; xNu ,yf;fk;

ntt;NtW ,lq;fspy;

mike;jpUj;jy;;.

894 90984 900849 9

xd;wpd; ,lj;jpYs;s ,yf;fk; 8 948

gj;jpd; ,lj;jpYs;s ,yf;fk; 8 984

E}wpd; ,lj;jpYs;s ,yf;fk; 8 894

ehd;fpyf;f vz;nzhd;iwf; fUk;

gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

3 457 ,y; 3 ,w;Fk; 4 ,w;Fk;

,ilNa ,lk; tpl;L vOj Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij kwe;J tplhjPu;fs;.

,t;ntz;iz thrpg;gjw;F

khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

3 4 5 7

%thapuj;J ehD}w;W Ik;gj;J VO

Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fs ; nfhz;lnfhz;lnfhz;lnfhz;lnfhz;l vz;f vz;f vz;f vz;f vz;fs ; gw ;w pas ; gw ;w pas ; gw ;w pas ; gw ;w pas ; gw ;w pa

tpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fistpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fistpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fistpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fistpsf;fj;Jld; mt;ntz;fis tifg;gLj;Jtifg;gLj;Jtifg;gLj;Jtifg;gLj;Jtifg;gLj;Jthu;.thu;.thu;.thu;.thu;.

vz; tpsf;fk;vz; tpsf;fk;vz; tpsf;fk;vz; tpsf;fk;vz; tpsf;fk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

11111

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; tiuapy; vz;fspd;

,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.,lg;ngWkhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jthu;.

ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1ghlk; 1

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J

2Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

9802 } 9000 + 800 + 0 + 29082 } 9000 + 0 + 80 + 28290 } 8000 + 200 + 90 + 0982 } 900 + 80 + 2

FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL

khztiu ehy;tu; nfhz;l FOf;f-

shf;Fq;fs;.

FOj;jiytu; xUtiuj; njupT

nra;AkhW $Wq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 1 Kjy; 9 tiu

cs;s vz; ml;ilfSs; vOkhw;whfj;

nju pTnra ;ag ;gl ;l ehd ;F vz;

ml;ilfs; tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.

FOj;jiytu; jdJ vz; ml;ilia

NkirkPJ itj;J mLj;j ml;ilia

itg;gjw;F ,d;ndhU khztiug;

ngau; Fwpf;FkhW $Wq;fs;. vz;

ml;ilia itf;Fk; khztd; mLj;j

ml ;ilia itg ; gjw ;F xU

khztidg; ngau; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,t;thwhf ehd;fpyf;f vz;nzhd;iw

Mf ;Ftjw ;F khztiu topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;. mjid thrpAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

5 3 8 1

Iahapuj;J Ke;E}w;W vz;gj;J

xd;W

mt;ntz;zpd; xt;nthU ,yf;fKk;

fhl;Lk; ngWkhdk; gw;wpf; fye;Jiu-

ahb> mtw;iwg; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;

vOjpf;nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.

mt;ntz; ml;ilfspd; mikTfis

khw;wp NtW vz;nzhd;iw Mf;F-

tjw;F rfy khztUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;fg ;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; Mf;fg;gl;l

vz;iz Nkw;Fwpj;jthW thrpj;J

mjd; xt;nthU ,yf;fKk; fhl;Lk;

ngWkhdj ;ij vOj pf ; nfhs ;s

Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

98 0

2

Mapuj;jpdplj;jpy; ,yf;fk; 3 Fwpf;fg;-

gLfpwJ> mjd; ngWkhdk; %thapuk;

vdTk; E}wpdplj;jpy; ,yf;fk; 4

Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ> mjd; ngWkhdk;

ehD}W vdTk; gj;jpdplj;jpy; ,yf;fk;

5 Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ> mjd; ngWkhdk;

Ik;gJ vdTk; xd;wpdplj;jpy; ,yf;fk;

7 Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ> mjd; ngWkjp

VO vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

3 457 Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

3 000 + 400 + 50 + 7

vd khztUf;F epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

,d;ndhU ehd;fpyf;f vz;izf;

fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

9 0829 0829 0829 0829 082,yf;fk; 8 If; fhl;b mt;tpyf;fk;

mike;Js;s ,lj;ijg ; gw ;w pf ;

NfSq;fs;.

,yf;fk; 8 ,dhy; fhl;lg ;gLk;

ngWkhdj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

,jd;gb 0 mike;Js;s ,lk; E}wpd;

,lk; vdTk; mJ fhl;Lk; ngWkhdk;

0 vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vz; 9 082 ,y; xt;nthU ,yf;fKk;

fhl;Lk; ngWkhdj;ijg; gpd;tUkhW

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

,yf;fk; 9 ,dhy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;

ngWkhdk;

9 x 1000 = 9 000,yf;fk; 0 ,dhy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;

ngWkhdk;

0 x 100 = 0,yf;fk; 8 ,dhy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;

ngWkhdk;

8 x 10 = 80,yf;fk; 2 ,dhy; Fwpf;fg;gLk;

ngWkhdk;

2 x 1 = 2

9 082 = 9 000 + 0 + 80 + 2

vz;nzhd;wpd; ,yf;fq;fspd; mikT

khw;wkilAk;NghJ mjd; ngWkhdk;

khw;wkilAk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

8 315 } 8000 + 300+ 10+ 53 518 } 3000 + 500 +10 + 81 583 } 1000 + 500 + 80 + 31 358 } 1000 + 300 + 50 + 85 831 } 5000 + 800 + 30 + 1

FOf;fspilNa vz;ml;ilfis

khw ; w p f ; nfhz ;L Nkw ;Fw pj ; j

nraw ; g hLfs py ; njhlu ; e ;Jk ;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;

ehd;fpyf;f vz;nzhd;iwf; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

mt;ntz;zpd; ngaiu vOj;Jf;fspy;;

jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf;-

nfhs ;tjw ;F khztiu topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

mt;ntz;zpd; xt;nthU ,yf;fKk;

mike;Js;s ,lj;ijAk; mjd;

ngWkhdj;ijAk; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;

vOjpf ;nfhs;SkhW khztuplk ;

$Wq;fs;.

mt ;ntz ;z pd ; ,yf ;fq ; fs pd ;

mikTfis khw ;Wtjdhy ;

Mf;fg;gLk; vz;fspy; xt;nthU

,yf;fk; cs;s ,lj;ijAk; mit

xt;nthd;Wk; fhl;Lk; ngWkhdj;-

ijAk; vOJtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

8

5 3

1

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


ehd;F ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;L gy

vz;fis Mf;fyhk;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

4

5 8

1

5 481> 1 548> 4 8515 841> 1 854> 4 1588 541> 1 584> 4 581

,it Nghd;W NkYk; vz;fis

Mf ;fyhk ; vd ; gijf ; $w p >

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,yf;fq;fisf; nfhz;L

vz;fis cUthf;fp fUk;gyifapy;

vOJtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

kpfg;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Ftjw;F

ehd;F ,yf;fq;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;l

vz;fspy; ngWkhdk; $ba ,yf;fk;

Mapuj;jpdplj;jpYk;> mLj;j $ba

,yf;fk; E}wpdplj;jpYk;> mLj;j

,yf;fk; gj;jpdplj;jpYk; (8541)

mika Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj; njspT-

gLj;Jq;fs;. ,q;F fpilf;ff;$ba

kpfg;ngupa vz; 8541 MFk;.

ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;ngupa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;

$ba ngWkhdKs;s ,yf;fj;ij

KjypYk; mjw;F mLj;Js;s ngupa

vz;iz ,uz;lhtjhfTk; mjw;F

mLj;j $ba vz;iz %d;whtjhfTk;

mLj ; jjhf cs ;s vz ;izf ;

filrpahfTk; vOJk;NghJ kpfg;

ngupa vz;iz Mf;fyhk; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;,lg;ngWkhdk;> vz;fspd; rhu; gUkd;

vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghff; $Wthu;.

ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; ghlk; 22222


³,lg;ngWkhdk; ³xd;wpdplk;

³ gj;jpdplk; ³E}wpdplk;

³ xd;Wfs; ³gj;Jf;fs;

³E}Wfs; ³,yf;fk;

³ vz;Fwpfs;


³ fljhrpAk; ngd;rpy;fSk;

³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ehd;F

vd;wthW 0 Kjy; 9 tiuapyhd

vz;fs; nfhz;l ml;ilfs;.


< u pyf ; f vz ;fs ; r pytw ;iw

Kd;itj;J xt;Nthu; vz;zpYk;

cs;s ,yf;fq;fspd; ,lg;ngWkhdk;

njhlu;ghf khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

48 ,y; gj;jpd; ,lj;jpy; cs;s

,yf;fk; ahJ?

,yf;fk; 8 cs;s ,lk; ahJ?

%d;W vz; ml;ilfisf; fhl;b

(vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 2 1 3 ) mtw;why;

Mf;ff;$ba kpfg;ngupa vz; ahJ

vd khztu plk ; t pdTq ;fs ; .

Mfg;ngupa ,yf;fj ;ijg ; E}wp -

dplj;jpy; ,l;L> mjw;F mLj;j ngupa

,yf;fj;ij gj;jpdplj;jpy; ,l;lhy;

kpfg; ngupa ngWkhdj;ijf; nfhz;l

vz; ngwg;gLk; vDk; tpsf;fk;

khztUf;F cs;sjh vd;gijg;

ghUq;fs;.

2 1 3 Mfpa ,yf;fq;fspy; ngwg;gLk;

kpfr; rpwpa vz; ahJ vd tpdTq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;kpfr; rpwpa vz;iz Mf;Fjy;

vz;zpf ;ifapy ; k pff ; Fiwe ;j

,yf ;fj ;ij KjypYk ; k Pjkhd

vz;fspy; kpfr; rpwpa ,yf;fj;ij

mLj;jjhfTk; kPjKs;s ,U vz;fspy;

rpwpa ,yf;fj;ij mLj;jjhfTk;

filrpahf cs;s ngupa vz;iz

,WjpapYk; vOJk;NghJ fpilf;Fk;

vz; kpfr; rpwpa vz;zhFk;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 2

1 8

9

kpfg;ngupa vz; kpfr; rpwpa vz;

9821 1289

,t;thW ehd;F ,yf;fq;fs; tPjk;

mspj;J kpfg;ngupaJk;> kpfr; rpwpa

Jkhd vz;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

ehd ;F ,yf ;fj ;ij Kd;itj ;J

vz;fis vOj Kd;tUk; %d;W

khztUf ;F %d;W vz;fisf ;

fUk;gyifapy; vOJkhW mwpTWj;-

Jq;fs;. mt;ntz;fis kpfg; ngupa

vz;zpypUe;J kpfr;rpwpa vz; tiuapy;

xOq;FgLj;jp vOj Ntz;Lnkdf;

$Wq;fs;.

,lg;ngWkhdk; gw;wpa mwpitg;

gad;gLj;jp vz;fis tupirg;gLj;j

Ntz;Lnkd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fUk;gyifapy; ehd;F ,yf;f vz;fs;

%d;iw vOJq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

3 424> 1 095> 8 762

khztu ; xUtu ; Kd ;te ;J

mt;ntz;fisg; gpioapd;wp thrpj;J>

kpfg; ngupa vz; Kjy; kpfr; rpwpa

vz; tiu kPz;Lk; xOq;FgLj;jp

vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.

mjd;gb 8 762> 3 424> 1 095

vd;wthW vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l ehd;F

,yf;fq;fs;; nfhz;l ve;jj; njhFjp

vz;fspYk ; KjyhtJ ,yf;fk ;

(Mapuj;jpdplj;J ,yf;fk;) kpfg;

ngupjhf cs;s vz; ngupa vz;zhFk;

vd;gij khztUf;Fj; njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.

8 Mapuq;fs; 3 Mapuq;fisAk; tplg;

ngupjhFk;.

3 Mapuq;fs; 1 Mapuj;jpYk; ngupjhFk;.

gpd;tUkhW vz;fis tpupj;njOjp

kpfg;ngupa> kpfr; rpwpa vz;fisf;

fhl;l KbAk;.

8 762 8 000 + 700 + 60 + 23 424 3 000 + 400 + 20 + 41 095 1 000 + 0 + 90 + 5

khztu;fs; rpyu; Kd;te;J kpfg; ngupa

vz;zpy; ,Ue;J kpfr; rpwpa vz;

tiuapy; xOq;FKiwapy; vOJ-

tjw;fhf NkYk; gy vLj;Jf;fhl;L-

fis toq;Fq;fs;.

Mapuj;jpdplj;jpy; xNu ngWkhdk;

cs;s ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W

vz;fis Kd;itj;J (vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

5 234> 5 013> 5 675) Kd;tUk; khztd;

xUtDf;F mtw;iw kpfg; ngupajpy;

,Ue ;J k pfr ; r p w paJ tiu

xOq;FgLj;jp vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.

mt;ntz;fspd; xOq;FKiw 5 675>

5 234> 5 013 vd vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

ehd;fpyf;f vz;fspy; Mapuj;jpdplj;J

,yf;fq;fs; xNu ,yf;fkhf ,Ue;jhy;

kpfg ; ngupa ,yf;fj;ij E}wpd;

,lj ;j py ; nfhz ;l vz; ngu pa

vz;zhFk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

,t;thwhfg; gj;jpdJk; xd;wpdJk;

,lq ;fSf;F Vw ;g k pfg ; ngu pa

vz ;fisf ; fhZk ; t pjj ;ij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

gj;jpdplj;jpw;Nfw;g

5 345> 5 368> 5 300

xd;wpdplj;Jf;Nfw;g

5 345> 5 341> 5 340

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



khztiu %tu ; nfhz ;l

FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 0 Kjy; 9

tiu vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l ml;ilj;

njhFjpfs; ehd;F tPjk; toq;-

Fq;fs;.

jkJ Gs;spfisAk; vz;fisAk;

Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F xt;nthU

khztuplKk; xU gapw;rpg; Gj;jfk;

my;yJ fhfpjj; jhs; ,Ug;gij

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

tpisahl;by; <LgLk; tpjj;ij

vy;NyhUk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk;

tpjkhfg; gpd;tUk; tpisahl;il

tpisahLq;fs;.

xt;Nthu; ml;ilj; njhFjpiaAk;

ed;F fiyj;J Nkirapd; kPJ

kWgf;fk; jpUg;gp itAq;fs;.

KjyhtJ Ftpay; Mapuq;fs;>

,uz;lhtJ E}Wfs;> %d;whtJ

gj;Jf;fs;> ehd;fhtJ xd;Wfs;

vd;wthW vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

xt;nthU gps;isAk; xt;nthU

Ftpaypy; ,Ue;Jk; Xu; ml;il

tPjk; vLj;J mtw;iw Mapuq;fs;>

E}Wfs;> gj;Jfs;> xd;Wfs; vd;w

xOq;fpy; itj;J vz;nzhd;iwf;

fl ;bnaOg ;g Ntz;Lk ; vdf ;

$Wq;fs;.

ahuplk; kpfg; ngupa vz;> mjw;fLj;j

.......... ngupa vz;> Mfr; rpwpa vz;

cs;snjdf; fhz;gjw;F mtu;fs;

jkJ vz;fis xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;g;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

kpfg; ngupa vz;iz itj;jpUf;Fk;

khztDf;F 3 Gs;spfSk; mjw;F

mLj;j ngupa vz; itj;jpUf;Fk;

khztDf;F 2 Gs;spfSk; kpfr;

r p w pa vz ; itj ;j pUf ;Fk ;

khztDf;F 1 Gs;spAk; fpilf;F-

nkd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

Gs;spfisAk; ; tupirg;gLj;jpa

vz;fisAk; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

xt;nthU jlitapd; ,WjpapYk;

vz; ml;ilfis kPz;Lk; mf;-

Ftpay;fspy; ,l;L xt;nthU

FtpaiyAk; kPz;Lk; fiyj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

khztu; xt;nthU Rw;w pdJk;

ngWNgWfisf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhz;L

,r;nraw;ghl;by; njhlu;e;J <Lgl-

cw;rhfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gj;Jr; Rw;Wf;fspd; gpd;du; jkf;Ff;

fpilj;j Gs;spfspd; nkhj;jj;ijf;

fz;L ntw ;w p ngw ;wtu ; ahu ;

vd;gijf; fhz;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

A,B kw;Wk; C Mfpa %d;W

khztu;fs; tpisahl;by;

<Lgl;l tpjk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

Kjy; jlit

A ngw;w Gs;spfs; 1340B ngw;w Gs;spfs; 2471C ngw;w Gs;spfs; 6592

,uz;lhk; jlit

A ngw;w Gs;spfs; 8588B ngw;w Gs;spfs; 6989C ngw;w Gs;spfs; 7300

gpd;;tUkhW ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Kjy; jlit

,uz;lhk; jlit

%d;whe; jlit

gy Rw;Wf;fis tpisahba gpd;du;

t pisahl ;by ; ntw ;w p ngw ;wtu ;

ahnud;gij mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf

mtu ;fsJ Gs;spfisf; $l;bf ;

nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;. mjpf msT

Gs;spfs; ngw;w khztDf;F mjpf

jlitfs ; k pfg ; ngu pa vz ;

fpilj;jpUg;gijAk;; kpff; Fiwe;j

Gs;spfs; ngw;w khztDf;F mjpf

jlitfs; kpff ; Fiwe;j vz;

f pilj ;j pUg ; gijAk ; t psq ;f pf ;

nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

1 2 3

3 1 2

jlitfs;

Angw;w

Gs;spfs;

Bngw;w

Gs;spfs;

Cngw;w

Gs;spfs;

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpfg; gzpAk;

rupahf tpisahLtjw;Fj; Njitahd

MNyhridfis toq;Ftjw ;F

xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; nry;Yq;fs;.

Mf;fpa vz; njhFjpiar; rupahf

thrpg;gij mtjhdpj;J> Gs;spfisr;

rupahf ,Lfpd;whu;fsh vd;gjpy;

ftdk; nrYj;Jq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztUk; vz;fisr;

rupahd xOq;fpy; Fwpf;fpd;wduh vdf;

fhz;gjw ;F mtu ;fsJ Gs ;s pj ;

jhs;fisr; nrt;it ghUq;fs;.

khztu; vtUf;NfDk; ,lu;g;ghL

,Ue;jhy; mtu;fs; tpLfpd;w jtW

vd;d vd;gijf; fz;lwpe;J mjidr;

ru pnra ;J tpisahl ;by ; <Lgl

cjTq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTk; Mf;fpa vz;fspy;

,Ue;J tpUk;gpa vz;fisj; njupT

nra;J xOq;FKiwapy; mikg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fisehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fisehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fisehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fisehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l ehd;F vz;fis

tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.

ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 33333


ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; kw;Wk; vz;fspd;

ngau;fs;

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

Vohapuj;J VO - 7 007

Mapuj;J Ie;E}w;W ,Ugj;J Ie;J - 1 525

xd;gjhapuj;Jj; njhs;shapuj;J

njhz;Z}w;wp xd;gJ - 9 999


ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; vOjg;gl ;l

ml;ilfs; (xU khztDf;F xd;W

tPjk;)


kdf;fzpjg; gapw;rpf;fhfg; gpd;tUk;

Kiwapy; Maj;jk; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

vz ; ml ;iliaf ; fhz ; g p j ;J

mt;ntz;zpYk; rpwpa vz; xd;iwAk;

ngupa vz; xd;iwAk; $wr; nrhy;Yq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 18 59 198 4349

ehd ;f pyf ; f vz ;fs ; nfhz ;l

ml;ilfs; ehd;if Kd;itj;J mjpy;

kpff;Fiwe;j vz;> mjw;Fk; rpwpJ

mjpfkhd vz;> mij tplg; ngupa

vz;> kpfg; ngupa vz; vd;dntd;gij

,yFthf mwpe ;Jnfhs;tjw ;Fg ;

gpd;tUk; vLj;Jf;fhl;ilf; nfhz;l

nraw;ghl;L Kiwnahd;iw tpgupj;Jf;

$Wq;fs;.

1984 1859

18 59 198 4349

Nghd;w rpy ml;ilfs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


kpfr; rpwpa vz;zpypUe;J kpfg; ngupa

vz; tiu tupirg;gb mike;Js;sJ.

NtW ehd;F vz; ml;ilfis

Kd;tUk; khztUf;Ff; fhz;gpj;J

Nkw ;Fwpg ;g pl ;lthW kpfr ; r pw pa

vz;zpypUe;J kpfg; ngupa vz; tiu

tupirg;gb itg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;. vz;fis xg;gpLk;

xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;ijAk; mtjhdp-

Aq;fs;. kpfg; ngupa vz;zpy; ,Ue;J

kpfr; rpwpa vz; tiu tupirg;-

gLj ;Jtjw ;F NkNy $wg ;gl ;l

topKiwiaf; ifahSq;fs;.


khztiu ehy ;tu ; nfhz ;l

FOf;fshf ;Fq ;fs ; . ehd;f pyf ;f

vz;fs; nfhz;l gj;J vz; ml;ilfs;

t Pjk ; xt ;nthU FOTf ;Fk ;

toq;Fq;fs;. xt;nthU khztUk;

jj;jkJ Kiwf;Nfw;g ehd;F vz;

ml;ilfs; tPjk; vLj;J mtw;iw rpwpa

vz; Kjy; ngupa vz; tiuapy;

xOq ;nfhd ;w py ; mikj ;J mt ;

ntz;fisj; jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;

vOjpf; nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thwhd Ie;J re;ju;g;gq;fisNaDk;

fl ;bnaOg ;Gtj py ; khztiu

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

ehd;F vz;fisg; ngupa vz; Kjy;

rpwpa vz; tiuapy; tupirg;gLj;jp

itg;gjw;Fk; mtw;iw khztuJ

gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; Fwpg;gjw;Fk;


FOr ;nraw ; g hl ; bd ; ,Wj pa py ;

KOtFg;Gk; jkJ FO Mf;fpa

mikg;ig Kd;itg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

1. kpff; Fiwe;j vz; - 3989

kPjKs;s ml;ilfs;

%d;iwAk; kPz;Lk;

xOq;FgLj;Jq;fs;.

2. mjw;F mLj;j kpfr; rpwpa

vz; - 4985

kPjKs;s ,U vz;fis

xg;gpl;Lg; ghUq;fs;.

6793 7005

3. mLj;j kpfr; rpwpa vz; - 6793

4. kpfg; ngupa vz; - 7005

1> 2> 3> kw;Wk; 4 ml;ilfis

tupirg;gb itAq;fs;.

3986 4985 6793 7005

>

>

<>

<

4985 6793 7005

4985 7005

4985

rpwpa vz;

4985 6793 7005 3989

4985

4985 7005

4985

4985 3989

3989<

<

<

>> >

>

>

>

>

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

rpwpa vz;

rpwpa vz;

rpwpa vz;

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



ehd;F vz; ml;ilfis Kd;itj;J>

ngau ; Fw pg ; g pl ;l khztUf ;F

mtw;iw tupirg;gLj;jp itg;gjw;Fr;


ghlk; 4> 5ghlk; 4> 5ghlk; 4> 5ghlk; 4> 5ghlk; 4> 5

Mapuk; tiuapy; ,lg;ngWkhdk;

njhlu;ghd mwpT kw;Wk; tpsf;fj;ij

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; ghlE}iyg;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp( E}whapuk;E}whapuk;E}whapuk;E}whapuk;E}whapuk; tiuapy tiuapy tiuapy tiuapy tiuapy;; ;; ; vz;fis thrpg;g vz;fis thrpg;g vz;fis thrpg;g vz;fis thrpg;g vz;fis thrpg;ghhhhhu;.u;.u;.u;.u;.

XX tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;. tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;. tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;. tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;. tiuapyhd cNuhkd; vz;fis vOJthu;.

ngupa vz;fSk; cNuhkd; vz;fSk; thukthukthukthukthuk;

22222

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 1010101010 000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.000 tiuapyhd vz;fis thrpg;ghu;.



³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xd;W

tPjk; rpy ngl;bfs;

³ 0 Kjy; 9 tiu vOjg;gl;l vz;

ml;ilfs;

KO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfk;

ehd;F ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj

,uz;L vz;fspy; ngupa vz;fs; /r pw pa vz ;fs ; vit? Nghd ;w

kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fisf; Nfl;L

tpilaspg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd rpy tpdhf;fis

tpdTq;fs;-

) ut pa plk ; 325 Kj ;j piufSk ;

khyhtplk; 119 Kj;jpiufSk;

cs;sd. mjpfsthd Kj;jpiufs;

itj;jpUg;gtu; ahu;?

) jhq;fp A apy ; 8313 kpy;ypyPw;wu;

vz;nzAk;> jhq;fp B apy; 8456

kpy;ypyPw;wu; vz;nzAk; cs;sd.

mjpf vz;nza; cs;s jhq;fp

ahJ?

) nghUs; A apd ; e piw 5689

fpNyhfpuhk;. nghUs; B apd; epiw

1346 fpNyhfpuhk;. ,jpy; Fiwthd

epiwAila nghUs; ahJ?

Kjypy; Mrpu pau ; 10 vdf; $w

khztu; xUtu; 20 vdf; $Wtjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mtu; 20 vdf;

$wpaJk; ,d;ndhU khztiu 30

vdf; $Wtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gj;Jf;fspYk; Mapuk; tiu E}WfspYk;

gj ;jhapuk ; tiu Mapuq;fspYk;

vz;Ztjw;F xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.

fUk;gyifapy; 10 000 vd vOJq;fs;.

(Mapuj;jpdplj;jpy; cs;s 0 ,w;Fk;

E}w pd plj ;j py ; cs;s 0 ,w ;Fk ;

njs pthd ,ilnts p ,Uf ;f

Ntz;Lk;.)

,ilntsp ,Uf ;f pd ;w ,lj ;ij

khztUf;Ff; fhz;gpAq;fs;.

,t ;ntz; gj ;jha pukgj ;jha pukgj ;jha pukgj ;jha pukgj ;jha puk ; vdg ;gLk ;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

5 170 vDk; vz;izf; fUk;gyifapy;

vOJq;fs;.

5 I kiwj;Jf;nfhz;L filrp %d;W

,yf ;fq ; fSk ; ve ; j vz ;iz

Mf;Ffpd;wd vd tpdTq;fs;.

(tpil - E}w;nwOgJ)

KO vz;izAk; fhl;b mt;ntz;

vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;.

mt;ntz; Iahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJIahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJIahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJIahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJIahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJ

MFk;.

,t;;tifahd ,d;Dk; 5 vz;fisf;

fUk;gyifapy ; vOjp xt;nthU

vz;izAk; thrpg;gjw;F khztUf;F

cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

3 704 %thapuj;J vOE}w;wp ehd;F

1 045 Mapuj;J ehw;ge;ije;J

5 200 Iahapuj;J ,UE}W

2 009 ,uz;lhapuj;J xd;gJ

9 999 xd;gjhapuj;Jj;

njhs;shapuj;Jj;

njhz;Z}w;W xd;gJ

9 999 ,w;F mLj;JtUk; vz;izg;

gpd;tUk; topKiwiag; gad;gLj;jp

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

99+1= 100 E}W

999+1= 1 000 Mapuk;

9 999+1= 10 000 gj;jhapuk;

,t;ntz;izg; gj;jhapuk; vd;W

$Wtjw;F khztiu mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

vz;fSf;F Kd;dhy; vz;ngaiuj;

njspthff; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.


khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.


tiu vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l ,U

njhFj p ml ;ilfs ; nfhz;l

ngl;bnahd;Wk; mtrpakhFk;. vz;

ml;ilfis ed;whff;; fiyj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;fhfg; ngl;bia ed;F

FYf;Fq;fs;.

khztu; jj;jkJ Kiwf;Nfw;g

ehd;F vz; ml;ilfs; tPjk; vLj;J

xOq ;nfhd ;w py ; itj ;J vz;

xd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lnkdf;

$Wq;fs;.

mt;ntz;fisj; jkJ gapw;rpg;

Gj ; jfj ; j py ; vOj pf ; nfhz ;L

mtw;iwr; rupahff; FOf;fSf;Ff;

$Wtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mt;ntz;izr; rupahff; $wpajhf

FOt py ; cs ;s kw ; wtu ; fs ;

jPu;khdpj;jhy; mk;khztUf;F 10

Gs;spfs; fpilf;Fk;.

xt ;nthU khztDk ; Ie ;J

jlitfs; Kaw;rpj;jjd; gpd;du;

nraw ; ghl ;il e piwT ngwr ;

nra;Aq;fs;.


Mrpupau; $Wfpd;w vz;fisAk;

vz;fspd; ngau;fisAk; vOJ-

tjw;F khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

g pd ;tUk ; ml ;ltizapYs;s

,ilntspfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;Aq;fs;.

vz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;ifvz;zpf;if vz;ngau; vz;ngau; vz;ngau; vz;ngau; vz;ngau;

1865 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4706 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''' njhs;shapuj;Jj;

njhz;Z}W

''''''''' Vohapuj;J VO

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 1010101010 000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;000 tiuapy; vz;fspd; ngaiug;

gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.gpioapd;wp vOJthu;> $Wthu;.



³ ngl;bfs; 4

³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xt;nthU

ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;.

njhFjp 1

Mapuj;J ,uz;lhapuj;J .... xd;gjhapuj;J

njhFjp 2

E}w;W ,UE}w;W ..... njhs;shapuj;J

vd;wthW..


Kd;ida ghlq;fspy; nra;jJ Nghd;W

khztu ;fSf ;F kdf ; fzpjg ;

gapw;rpfis Kd;itAq;fs;.

vz; ml;ilj; njhFjpfisj; jdpj;-

jdpahf 4 ngl;bfspy; ,Lq;fs;.

ehd;F khztiu mioj;J xUtu;

xU ngl;bapy; ,Ue;Jk; ,d;ndhUtu;

NtnwhU ngl;bapy; ,Ue;Jk; vd;wthW

ehd;F ngl;bfspy; ,Ue;Jk; ehd;F

ml;ilfis vLf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

mtw;iw KOtFg;gpw;Fk; fhl;LkhW

$Wq;fs;.

mjd; gpd;du; vz;ngaiur; rupahf

thrpf ;ff;$bathW xOq;FgLj;jp

itg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

,uz;lhapuj;J vOE}w;W Kg;gj;J vl;L

njhFjp 3

,Ugj;J Kg;gj;J ..... njhz;Z}w;W

njhFjp 4

xd;W ,uz;L ..... xd;gJ

vz; ngaiu khztu; thrpf;f

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thW khztiuf; nfhz;L rpy

vz;fis Mf;fp mt;ntz;fspd;

ngau;fis thrpf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;.

thr pj ; j vz ; ngau ;fSf ;Fu pa

vz;Fwpfis vOJtjw;F topg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

vz;ngau; vz;

,uz;lhapuj;J Kg;gj;njl;L 2038 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''



shf;Fq;fs;.

Kd;du; Nghd;W xt;nthU FO-

Tf;Fk; ml;ilj; njhFjpfis

toq;Fq;fs;.

mwpKfj;jpd;NghJ nra;jJ Nghd;W>

vz; ml;ilfis vLj;J khztu;

xt;nthU ml;iliaAk; Nkirapd;

kPJ itj;J mtw;iwr; rupahfg;

nghUj ;j p > vz;fis thr pf ;f

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vz; ngaiu

vOjp cupa vz;Fwpia vOJ-

tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

$ba mstpy; vz; ngau;fis

Mf ;Ftjw ;Fk ; vOJtjw ;Fk ;

to p g ; gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . mj pfkhd

vz;fis Mf;Ffpd;w FO ntw;wp-

ngWk; vdj; njuptpj;J khztUf;F

Cf;fkspAq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



vOj;jpy; vOjg;gl;l rpy vz;

ngau ; fis ,yf ;fq ; fs py ;

vOJtjw;F xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.


³ ghlk; 1 ,y; cs;sJ Nghd;w

vz; ml;ilj; njhFjp


Mapuj;jpy; ,Ue;J gj;jhapuk; tiu

Mapuq;fspy; vz;Ztjw;F topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;. (Mapuk;> ,uz;lhapuk;>

...........gj;jhapuk;)

gj ;jha puj ;ijf ; fUk ;gyifapy ;

vOJq;fs;. 10 000 - gj;jhapuk;

mjd; gpd;du; gj;jhapuj;jpy; ,Ue;J

njhz;Z}whapuk; tiuapy; khztUld;

Nru;e;J fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;gyifapy;

vOJq;fs;.

10 000 - gj;jhapuk;20 000 - ,Ugjhapuk;

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

90 000 - njhz;Z}whapuk;

njhz;Z}whapuj ;Jf ;Fg ; g pd ;du ;

kw;nwhU gj;jhapuj;jpd; gpd; tUtJ

E}whapuk; (100 000) vd mwpKfQ;

nra ;J khztiu thr pf ; f

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,jid NkYk ; gj pj ; jYf ;fhf

njhz ;Z}wha p uj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J

njhz;Z}w;nwhd;gjhapuk; tiuapy;

Mapuq;fspy; vz;zp njhz;Z}w;-

nwhd ; gjha p uj ;Jf ;Fg ; g pd ;du ;

E}whapuj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.

90 000 - njhz;Z}whapuk;

91 000 - njhz;Z}w;Nwhuhapuk;

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''99 000 - njhz;Z}w;nwhd;gjhapuk;

100 000 - E}whapuk;

mLj;J gpd;tUk; tpjkhd ngupa vz;

ml;ltiznahd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy;

tiuAq;fs;.

gj;jhapuq;fs; Mapuq;fs; E}Wfs; gj;Jf;fs; xd;Wfs;

epuy;fspy; vOkhw;whf ,yf;fq;fis

(rpy re;ju;g;gj;jpy; g+r;rpaj;ijAk;

cs;slf;fp) vOjp khztu; mt;-

ntz;fisr; rupahff; $Wtjw;F

cjTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

36 147 - Kg;gj;jhwhapuj;J

E}w;W ehw;gj;NjO

30 147 - Kg;gjhapuj;J E}w;W

ehw;gj;NjO

68 350 - mWgj;njl;lhapuj;J

Ke;E}w;W Ik;gJ

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: E}whapuk; E}whapuk; E}whapuk; E}whapuk; E}whapuk; (100(100(100(100(100 000) 000) 000) 000) 000) tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.tiuapyhd vz;fisf; $Wtu;.

vz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fvz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fvz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fvz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fvz;FwpfspYk; nrhw;fspYk; vz;fis vOJtspYk; vz;fis vOJtspYk; vz;fis vOJtspYk; vz;fis vOJtspYk; vz;fis vOJthhhhhu;.u;.u;.u;.u;.


,yf;fq;fspy; vOjg;gl;l rpy

vz;fis vOj;jpy; vOJtjw;F

xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.

3 6 1 4 7

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J




xt ;nthU FOTf;Fk ; xU vz;

ml;ltizAk; 0 Kjy; 9 tiu vz;fs;

vOjg;gl;l vz; ml;ilj; njhFjpfSk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

FOtpy; cs;s KjyhtJ khztu;

vz; ml;ilnahd;iw vLj;J vz;-

ml;ltizapy; xd;wpdplj;jpy; itj;J>

Mf;fpa vz;iz thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

,uz;lhtJ khztu; ,d;ndhU

ml ;ilia vLj ;J mjid

ml;ltizapd; gj ;j pdplj ;j py ;

itj ;J Mf ;fg ;gl ;l vz;iz

thrpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

,t;tpjk; gbg;gbahf Ie;jpyf;-

fq;fs; nfhz;l vz; tiuapy;

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mt;ntz;iz ,yf;fq;fspYk;

vOj;Jf;fspYk; mtu;fsJ gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

vdf; $Wq;fs;.

,t;thW Ie;jpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l

vz;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F

xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.


5


3 5

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khztUf;F Kd; itAq;fs;.

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ahapuj;J E}w;nwOgJ MFk;.

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rl;ilfs; jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

ghlrhiyf ; fl ;blnkhd ;iwj ;

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ehD}w;iwk;gJ nrythfpaJ.

,f;$w;Wf;fis thrpg;gjw;F khztiu

topg;gLj;jp mtw;iw ,yf;fq;fspy;

vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.NkYk; mtw;iwf;

fUk ;gyifa py ; vOJtjw ;Fk ;

khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

mLj;jjhf 99 999 I vOjp khztiu

thrpf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

9 9 9 9 9,w ;F mLj ;JtUk ; vz ;

vd;dntd;gij tpdTq;fs;. (tpil

100 000 - E}whapuk;)

khztUf;Fg ; Nghjpa tpsf;fk ;

,y ;iynadpy ; Kjy; ghlj ;j py ;

gj ;jhapuj ;ijf ; fl ;bnaOg;g paJ

Nghd;W E}W Mapuq ;fisAk;

fl;bnaOg;gpf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

NkYk; njspTgLj;Jtjw;F gpd;tUk;

topKiwiag; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.

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cs;sd vd;gij tpsf;fpf; $Wq;fs;.

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cs;sd vd;gij tpsf;fpf; $Wq;fs;.

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vd;gijj; njspTgLj;Jq;fs;. vdNt

100 000 vDk; vz;iz E}whapuk;

vdTk ; nrhy ;yyhk ; vd ; gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



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vOJtjw;Fk; thrpg;gjw;Fk; KbAk;

vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;-

tjw;F khztupd; nraw;ghLfis

mtjhdpAq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gapw;rpfspy;

khztiu <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

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thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.

ghlk; 4


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vz;fs; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Gj;jfk;.

³ cNuhkd; vz;Fwpfs; nfhz;l

fbfhu Kfnkhd ;W my ;yJ

mt;thW jahupf;fg;gl;l fbfhu

Kfnkhd;W.

FOr; nraw;ghLfSf;fhf xt;nthU

FOTf;Fk;>

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vOjg;gl;l ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;.

³ 1 - 20 tiu ,e;J muhgpa

vz;Fwpfs; vOjg;gl;l ml;ilj;

njhFjpfs;.

³ 1 - 20 tiu vz;Fwpfspd; ngau;

vOjg;gl;l ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;.


cNuhkd; ,yf;fq;fs; Fwpf;fg;gl;l

Gj;jfj;jpd; gf;fq;fis Kd;itj;J

mjd; Kjy; gf;fj;ijf; fhl;b>

Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s vz; njhlu;ghff;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

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fis vOjp> vOjg;gl;l vz;fisg;

gw;wp tpdhTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

I - ................... V - ...................II - ................... X - ...................

III - ...................

cNuhkd; vz;Fwpfs; cs;s fbfhu

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thrpj;J mt;ntz;fis mwpKfQ;

nra;Aq;fs;.

IV, V, VI Mfpa vz;fs; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;

tpjk; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

(Ie;jpw;F xd;W Fiwa> xd;W $l

vd;wthW)

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$l vd ;wthW NtWgLtij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

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mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;. mtrpakhapd;

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fhl;Lq;fs;.

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thrpAq;fs;.

2. <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw vOJq;fs;>

thrpAq;fs;.

3. %tpyf;f vz;nzhd;iw vOJq;fs;>

thrpAq;fs;.

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thrpAq;fs;.

5. Ie;jpyf;f vz;nzhd;iw vOJq;fs;>

thrpAq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


vz; ml;ilj ; njhFjpiaAk;

jdpj;jdpahff; fye;J itf;f

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muhgpa vz;FwpiaAk; %d;whktu;

mjw;Fupa cNuhkd; vz;FwpiaAk;

vLj;J itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,t;thwhf khwp khwpg; gy jlitfs;

,r;nraw;ghl;by; <Lglr; nra;Aq;fs;.


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fhl;Lq;fs;.

gj;J

gjpd;%d;W

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gjpdhW

gj;njhd;gJ

,UgJ

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XXIIIXVXVIIXXX

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vz;Fwpfs;> gj;ij mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;L mike;jpUe;j NghjpYk;

cNuhkd ; vz;Fwpfs ; mt;thW

mikf ;fg ;gltpy ;iy. ,j ;jifa

tpsf;fj;Jld; cNuhk vz;Fwpfis

khztUf;F mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.

cNuhkd; vz;Fwpfis Qhgfj;jpy;

itj;jpUg;gjw;fhfg; gpd;tUk; nray;

Kiwia khztUf;F mwpKfQ;

nra;Aq;fs;.

xd;W> Ie;J kw;Wk; gj;J Mfpa vz;

FwpaPLfis mwpKfk; nra;Aq;fs;.

1 2 3 4I II III IV

Ie;Jf;F

xd;W Fiwa

5 6 7 8V VI VII VIII

Ie;Jf;F Ie;Jf;F Ie;Jf;F

xd;W $l ,uz;L $l %d;W $l

9 10IX X

gj;Jf;F xd;W Fiwa

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XII gj;J ,uz;L

XIII gj;J %d;W

XIV gj;J ehd;F

XV gj;J Ie;J

XVI gj;J MW

XVII gj;J VO

XVIII gj;J vl;L

XIX gj;J xd;gJ

XX gj;J gj;J



FOf;fshf;fp %d;W vz; ml;ilj;

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toq;Fq;fs;. (khztu; xt;nthU

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


$l;ly;$l;ly;$l;ly;$l;ly;$l;ly; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

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$l;Lt$l;Lt$l;Lt$l;Lt$l;Lthhhhhu;.u;.u;.u;.u;.


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7 7 7 7 7 + 6 6 6 6 6

4 + 6 } 1010 + 3 } 13

7+7 } 1414 - 1 } 13

6 + 6 } 1212 + 1 } 13

7 + 3 } 1010 + 3 } 13


³ $l;ly;

³ Kd;nfhz;L nry;yy;

³ gj;Jf;fs; ³ E}Wfs;

³ Mapuq;fs; ³ xd;Wfs;

³ vz;zpfs; ³ $l;Lj;njhif


³ vz; ml;ilfs;

1294 3629 6239 4245

520 2019

³ vz;zpfs; (tpij> fw;Wz;Lfs;>

%bfs;) 40 tiuapy;


20 tiuapy; vz; gpizg;Gf;fis

kPl;Lq;fs;.

8 + 7" 3 + 5" 12 + 4" 17 + 2" 3 + 3" 9 + 1Nghd;w tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.

khztnuhUtu ; jtwhf t pil

aspj;jhy; khztu; Rakhfj; jpUj;jpf;

nfhs ;tij Cf ;Ft pg ; gjw ;fhf >

kw;wtu;fsplk; mtu; nrhy;tJ rupah?

ahUf;NfDk; NtW tpj;jpahrkhd

tpilfs; cz;lh? vd tpdt Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij epidtpw; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

7+6" 9+4" 11+5 Nghd ; w r py

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisf; nfhz;L khztu;

tpj;jpahrkhd cj;jpfisf; fw;Wf;

nfhs ;tjw ;fhf mtu ;fs ; jkJ

t pilfis vt ;thW ngw ;Wf ;

nfhz;lhu;fs; vd;gij tpdTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf>

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gy ; NtW to pKiwfs ; f P No

fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.

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ed;F njspTgLj;Jq;fs;. kdjhy;

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FwpAq;fs;.

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fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


nfhz;L nry;tij

tpsf;fpf; $Wq;fs;.

3629 ck; 2019

gy vz; ml;ilfisf; fhl;b mtw;wpy;

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vLf;Fk;gb khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.

,jw;fhf khztu;fsJ cjtpiag;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ mtrpak; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; Kiwapy; vz; ml;ilfis

tFg;gpy; Kd;itAq;fs;.

1294 3629 6239

4245 520 2019

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,uz;ilj; njupTnra;ifapy;> nra;aj;

jfhjtw;iw vLj;Jf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

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njupTnra;jy;. 6239

2. tpilapd; filrp ,yf;fk; 8 Mf

mikahj ,U vz;fisj; njupT

nra;jy;.

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$ba ,U vz ;fisj ; nju pT

nra;Aq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

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khztuJ cjtpiag ; ngw ;Wf ;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

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,uz ;il khztu ; cjt pAld ;

njupe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.

nfhz;L nry;Yk; re ;ju ;g ;gj ;ij

tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;. Njitahapd;>

Bdpd; fl;ilfs;> vz;rl;lk; ml;ltiz

Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.



FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

vz; ml;ilfs; 6 tPjk; FOf;

fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

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tUk; tpjkhf vz; ml;ilfisg;

nghUj;jkhfj; njupe;J> $l;ly;

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FOf ;fSf ;F MNyhrid

toq;Fq;fs;.

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gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf; nfhs;s

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;

NghJk ; ga pw ;r pg ; Gj ;jfj ;j py ;

Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; NghJk; ed;F

mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd cjtp

fis toq;Fq;fs;.


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3& ^4&

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toq;Fq;fs;.

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ngWthu ; .ngWthu ; .ngWthu ; .ngWthu ; .ngWthu ; .



³ 5 + 9 Nghd;w vz; gpizg;Gfs;

nfhz;l ml;ilfs;


kdf;fzpjg; gapw;rpf;fhfg; gpd;tUk;

tpjkhd ml;ilfs; gytw;iwf;

nfhLj ;J t piliag ; ngw ;Wf ; -

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

5 + 9 } 8 + 9 }6 + 7 } 5 + 9 }

tpiuthf tpiliag ; ngw ;Wf ; -

nfhs;Sk; ,yFthd topKiw gw;wp

khztuplk; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 8 + 9 tpiliag;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba gy topfs;

fPNoAs;sd.

I 8 + 8 + 1

II 8 + 2 + 7 17

III 9 + 9 - 1

nfhz;Lnry;Yk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; ,uz;L

nfhz;l gpd;tUk; tpjkhd $l;ly;

gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;g;gjw;F cjTkhW

khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.

4597+ 3023

nfhz;Lnry;yiy tpsf;Fq;fs;.

1 2 34597 4597 4597

3023 3023 3023 0 20 7620

mtrpakhapd;> Bdpd; ; fl;ilfs;>

vz;tiy> vz;rl;lk; Nghd;wtw;iwg;

gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.

NkYk; ,t;thwhd gpurpdq;fis

Kd;itj ;J nfhz;L nry ;yiy

tpsq;fg;gLj;jp> gpurpdk; jPu;g;gjw;F>

Kd;tUk; khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.



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nry;yy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fs; nfhz;l

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd xg;gilia

FOf;fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

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gl;rk; vl;Lf; fzf;FfisNaDk;

nra;Aq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


xU jlitapy; xU khztd; A

a py ; ,Ue ;J vz ;izj ;

nju pTnra ;aTk ; ,d ;ndhU

khztd; B apy; ,Ue;J vz;izj;

njupT nra;aTk; mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

njupTnra;j vz;fisf; $l;LkhW

kw;nwhU khztdplk; $Wq;fs;.

re ;ju ;g ;gq;fis khw;wp khw;wp

ms pj ;J ,r ; nraw ; g hl ;il

Kd;ndLj ;Jr ; nry ;y topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

khztu; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;b-

Uf;Fk;NghJ ed;F mtjhdpAq;fs;.

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

khztuJ gpurpdq;fis ,dq;fz;L

cjtp toq;Fq;fs;.


1& 2& 3& 4&

2345 4174 6409 6856+ 3467 + 585 +1399 + 3044

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; mjpfkhff; nfhz;Lnry;yy;

cs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;Lcs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;Lcs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;Lcs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;Lcs;s> ehd ;f pyf ;fq ;fSf;F Nkw ;glhj ,uz;L

my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.my;yJ %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Le; jpwd; ngWthu;.



³ gpd;tUk; jfty;fisf; nfhz;l

XusT ngu pa mst pyhd

ml;ltiznahd;W.

Milj; njhopw;rhiynahd;wpy;

Kjy; fhyhz;L cw;gj;jp

khjk; ngz;fspd; Mz;fspd;

Mil Mil

rdtup 1 532 1 375

ngg;utup 836 911

khu;r; 2 462 2 458


$l;Lj;njhif 20 tiuapy; cs;s vz;

gpizg;Gfis epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

13 + 12" 26 + 13 Nghd;w nfhz;L

nry ;yy ; ,y;yhj ,U <u pyf ;f

vz;fspd; $l;Lj;njhifia kdjhy;

fhz;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

12 cld; 13 If; $l;Lq;fs;. ngwg;gLk;

tpilAld; kPz;Lk; 11 If; $l;bdhy;

vt;tsT? Nghd;w nfhz;L nry;yy;

,y;yhj %d;W vz;fspd; $l;Lj;-

njhifia kdjhy; fzpg;gjw;fhd

tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.

khztnuhUtu; mjw;F tpilaspj;j

gpd;du; mJ rupah> gpioah vd kw;w

khztu;fsplk; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

Kbe ; jsT FWf pa fhyj ; j py ;

midj;J khztu;fSf;Fk; tha;g;G

f pilf ;ff ;$bathW ,t ;thwhd

kdf ;fz pj t pdhf ; fis Kd ;

itAq;fs;.

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizia

tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg ;gLj;Jq;fs;. ,j;

njhopw;rhiyapy; Kjy; fhyhz;by;

cw ;gj ;j p nra ;ag ;gl ;l ngz;fs ;

Milfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if ahJ?

vDk; tpdhit khztUf;F Kd;-

itAq;fs;.

1 532> 836> 2 462 Mfpa vz;fis

,lg;ngWkhd epuy;fspy; vOjpf;

fhl;Lk; tpjj;ijf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


M E} g x

1 1 11 5 3 2 8 3 62 4 6 24 8 3 0

Xuplj;jpy; ,Ue;J mLj;j ,lj;jpw;Ff;

nfhz;L nry;Yk; re;ju;g;gq;fis

tpsf;Fq;fs;.


tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l ml;ltiziag;

gad;gLj;jpg; gpd;tUk; gpurpdq;fisf;

FOf;fspy; fye;Jiuahbj; jPu;g;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

1. [dtu p khjj ;j py ; cw ;gj ;j p

nra;ag;gl;l Milfspd; nkhj;j

vz;zpf;if ahJ?

2. ngg;utup khjj;jpy; cw;gj;jp


vz;zpf;if ahJ?

3. khu ; r ; khjj ;j py ; cw ; gj ; j p


vz;zpf;if ahJ?

4. Kjw ; fhyhz;by ; cw ;gj ;j p

nra;ag;gl;l Mz;;fs; Milfspd;

nkhj;j vz;zpf;if ahJ?

gpd;tUk; ml;ltiziag; g+u;j;jp

nra;tjw;F khztiu topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

khjnkhd;wpy; Milfs; njhif


1' fpuhknkhd;wpy; 2 468 Mz;fSk;

1 5 4 4 ngz ;fSk ; cs ;sdu ; .

mq;Fs;s nkhj;jf; Fbj;njhif

ahJ?

2' G+f;fd;W ehw;W Nkilnahd;wpy;

me;J}upak; 3 874 ck; Xf;fpl;

fd;Wfs; 3 579 ck; ; cs;sd.

G+f;fd;Wfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if

iaf; fhZq;fs;.

3' gog;ghdj; njhopw;rhiynahd;wpy;

khjnkhd;wpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l

ghdg; Nghj;jy;fspd; vz;zpf;if

fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd.

Njhlk;gok; 2 125> md;dhrp 1 540>

fyg;Gg; goq;fs; 1 679 MFk;.

mk;khjj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l

gog;ghdg; Nghj;jy;fspd; nkhj;j

vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhZq;fs;.


nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;Ff;

nfhz ;Lnry ;yy ; ,y ;yhj 3

,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l 3 vz;fisf;

$l;Lk; gapw;rpia Kd;itAq;fs;.

Ntfkhff ; fw ;Fk ; khztiu

Nkw;Fwpj ;j ml;ltizf;Nfw;g

njho pw ; r hiya py ; cw ; gj ; j p


vz ;z pf ;ifiaf ; fhZkhW

$Wq;fs;. ,uz;L top KiwfspYk;

$l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhz topg;

gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . mit ,uz;Lk ;

ru pahdit vd ;gij mwpe ;J

nfhs;Sk; Kiwia cWjpg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

khjk; ngz;fs; Mz;fs; nkhj;jk;

Mil Mil

[dtup 1 532 1 375 .....

ngg;utup 836 911 .....

khu;r; 2 462 2 458 .....

nkhj;jk; ..... ..... .....

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ $l;ly;


³ "KOtFg ; G mw pKfj ;j py ; " ;cs;sthW jfty; ml;ltiz.

³ 1+5+3 } 7+4+3+1 }

6+0+2+3+9 } 2+5+4+1+3+3 }

Nghd;w rpy ml;ilfs;


tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s $l;ly;

ml ;ilfis xt ;nthd ; w hf

Kd;itj;J tpilfisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fs ; > ehd ;F

,yf ;fq ; fs ; kw ;Wk ; Ie ;J

,yf;fq ;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly ;

ml;ilfis xOq;FKiwapy; Kd;

itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 2 + 7 + 9 =tpiliag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s gpd;tUk;

topKiwia cgNahfpAq;fs;.

Kjypy; 2 + 7 = 9 vdTk;9 + 9 = 18 vdTk; kdjhy;fzf;fpLk; Kiwia

khztuplkpUe;Nj

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

5 + 7 + 2 + 4 = tpiliag ;

ngw ;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F gpd;tUk;

topKiwiag; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.

5 + 7 = 12 vdTk; 12 + 2 = 14vdTk; 14 + 4 = 18 vd;wthW

tpiliag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

6 + 0 + 2 + 7 + 3 = tpiliag;

ngw ;Wf ;nfhs;tjw ;F gpd ;tUk;

topKiwia cgNahfpAq;fs;.

6 + 0 = 6 vdTk; 6 + 2 = 8 vdTk;8 + 7 = 15 vdTk; 15 + 3 = 18vd;wthW tpiliag; ngw ;Wf ;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

khztu; Nkw;Fwpj;j tpjkhf Ie;J

,yf;fq;fs; tiuapy; $l;Lfpd;w

j pwidg ; ngw ;Wf ;nfhs ;tjw ;F

cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.

g+e;Njhl;lk; xd;iwg; ghu;itapL-

tjw;fhf Ie;J thu ehl;fspYk;

tUif je;jtu;fspd; vz;zpf;if

fPNoAs;s ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;-

gl;Ls;sJ.

ehs; rpWtu;fs; rpWkpfs;; Mz;fs; ngz;fs; nkhj;jk;

jpq;fs; 437 305 243 165

nrt;tha; 129 141 97 49

Gjd; 69 83 21 27

tpahod; 523 667 518 307

nts;sp 460 873 260 289

nkhj;jk;

,e ;j ml ;ltizia xt ;nthU

khztUf;Fk; njupAk; tifapy;

fUk;gyifapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

ml;ltizapy; cs;s tpguq;fis

thrpg;gjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

jpq ;fsd;W tUif je;jtu ;fsJ

nkhj ;j vz;zpf ;ifiaf ; fhz

Ntz;Lk; vdTk; mjw;fhf $l;l

Ntz;ba vz;fs; 437> 305> 243 kw;Wk;

165 vd ;gij khztu plk pUe ;Nj

mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:


%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;%d;W ,yf;fq;fs; nfhz;l Ie;J vz;fisf;

$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;Lk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


1 2

4 3 73 0 52 4 3

+ 1 6 51 1 5 0

^xd;Wfisf; $l;Ljy;.

7 + 5 } 12" 12 + 3 } 15" 15 + 5 } 20&^gj;Jf;fisf; $l;Ljy;.

gj;Jf;fisg; NghyNt $l;Ljy;.

2+3 } 5" 5+0 } 5" 5+4 } 9" 9+6 } 15gj;Jf;fs; 15 cs;sd.&

^E}Wfisg; NghyNt $l;Ljy;.

1+4 } 5" 5+3 } 8" 8+2 }10" 10+1}11^E}Wfs; 11 cs;sd.&

,JNghyNt kw ;nwhU ehs py ;

g+e;Njhl;lj;Jf;F tUif je;jtu;fsJ

vz ;z pf ;ifiaf ; fhz ; gjw ;F >


toq;Fq;fs;.

G +e ;Njhl ;lj ;Jf ;F tUif je ;j

rpWkpfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhz;gJ

vt ;thW vd ; gij khztu plk ;

tpdTq;fs;.

vz;fisj; njupTnra;J> mjidf;

$l;Lfpd;w topKiwfis tpsf;F

tjw;F khztUf;Fr; re ;ju ;g ;gk ;

toq;Fq;fs;.

midtUk ; mw pe ;J nfhs ;Sk ;

tifapy; vz;fisj; njupT nra;J

nfhs;Sk; KiwiaAk; $l;Lfpd;w

topKiwiaAk; kPz;Lk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.



FOf;fshf mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztu; FOTf;Fk;

Nkw;Fwpj;j ml;ltizfs; ,uz;L

tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.

,Utu; ,Utuhf vz;zpf;ifiaf;

fhz;gjw;F topelj;Jq;fs;.

FOtpYs;s ,U NrhbfspdJk;

ngWNgWfis xg;gpl;L rupahd-

njd ; gij cWj p g ; gLj ; j p f ; -

nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jtwhf ,Uf;F

kplj;J mjidr; rPu;nra;Jnfhs;-

tjw;Fk;; topfhl;Lq;fs;.

mtrpakhapd; Mrpupaupd; cjtp-

iaAk; toq;Fq;fs;.


%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj

%d;W> ehd;F kw;Wk; Ie;J vz;fs;

cs;slq;fpa gapw;rpfis khzt-

Uf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;Fj;

Njitahd cgfuzq ;fisg ;

(vz;zpfs;> Bdpd;; fl;ilfs;> vz;

rl ;lk ; ) gad;gLj ;j pf ; $l ;ly ;

gapw;rpia tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : 99999 999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj Xu; vz;zpypUe;J

,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.,d;Ndhu; vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

fopj;jy;fopj;jy;fopj;jy;fopj;jy;fopj;jy;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:nfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;lnfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;lnfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;lnfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;lnfhz;L tUjy; xU re;ju;g;gk; nfhz;l

%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;%d;wpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fspd; fopj;jy;

gpur;rpdq;fisj; gpur;rpdq;fisj; gpur;rpdq;fisj; gpur;rpdq;fisj; gpur;rpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.


thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

4 4 4 4 4


³ fopj;jy;

³ ePf;Fjy;

³ tplf; $ba

³ tplf; Fiwa

³ nfhz;L tUjy;

³ kPjp

³ NtWghL


³ 'KOtFg;G mwpKfk;" gFjpapy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ml;ilfs;

³ fopj;jy; gpurpdj;Jld; $ba

ml;ilnahd;W

³ FOf;fspd; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd

xg;gilal;il


kdf;fzpj Kiwapy; tpiliag;

ngWtjw;fhfg; gpd;tUk; gy;NtW

gpurpdq;fis khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

ml;ilfisf; fhz;gpj;J tpilfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

1& 5 - 4 } 7 - 3 } 8 - 4 }

9 - 4 } 6 - 6 } 5 - 0 }

7 - 2 }

2& gpd;tUk; tpjkhd ml;ilfisf;

fhz;gpj;J tpilfisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

17 - 9 } 11 - 8 } 16 - 7 }

13 - 6 } 14 - 5 } 12 - 3 }

15 - 8 } 10 - 4 }

NkNy jug ; gl ;Ls ;s fo pj ;jy ;

re;ju;g;gq;fs;> vt;tifahd fopj;jy;

gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;gjw;Fk; cjtpahFk;

vd;gjhy; xt;nthU khztDk;; mr;

re ;ju ;g ;gq;fSf;fhd tpilfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; jpwidg; ngw;wpUj;jy;

kpf mtrpakhdjhFk;. mjdhy; NkNy

jug ;gl ;Ls ;s g pur pdq ;fSf ;fhd

tpilfisg; ngw ;Wf ; nfhs;Sk;

,yFthd topKiwfisg; gw;wp

khztUld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

Mrpupau; jkf;Fj; jPu;f;f Ntz;ba

gpurpdk; xd;W ,Ug;gjhff; $wp>

gpd;tUk; fzpjg; gpurpdj;ij vy;yh

khztUk; thrpf;ff;$ba tifapy;

vOjp tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

ghlrhiyapd; nkhj;j khztu;fs;

njhif 857 MFk;. ngz; khztu;fspd;;

vz;zpf;if 491 MFk;. Muk;gf;fy;tpg;

gpuptpy; fy;tp fw;Fk; khztu; njhif

249.

1. ghlrhiyapYs;s Mz; khztu;-

fspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if ahJ?

2. Muk;gf;fy;tpg; gpupT my;yhj

khztu;fsJ nkhj;j vz;zpf;if

ahJ?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,g;gpurpdj;ij khztu; ,Ujlit

my;yJ gy jlitfs; thrpg;gjw;Fr;

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. gpurpdj;ij

ed ;F t psq ;f p f ; nfhs ;tjw ;Fg ;

nghUj ;jkhd r py tpdhf ;fis

tpdTq;fs;. Kjy; gpurpdj;ijj;

jPu;g;gjw;Fr; nra;a Ntz;banjd;d

vd;gij khztuplNk Nfl;L mwpe;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Mz; khztu;fs; vz;zpf;ifia

mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf nkhj;j khztu;

vz ;z pf ;ifa py pUe ;J ngz ;

khztu ;fspd ; vz;zpf ;ifiaf ;

fopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztuplk;

Nfl;L mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.

8 5 7

- 4 9 1

6 ^xd;Wf;fspy;; ,Ue;J fopj;jy;&

6 0

3 0 0 E}wpdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J fopj;jy;

3 6 6 tpiliag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;ijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

nfhz;L tUjy; kw;Wk; nfhz;L

tUjypd; gpd;du; E}wpdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J

fopj;jypy; mtjhdk; nrYj;Jq;fs;.

Muk;gg; gpupT my;yhj khztu;

vzzpf ;ifiaf ; fhz;gjw ;fhf

nkhj;j khztu; njhifapy; ,Ue;J

Muk;gg; gpupT khztu; njhifiaf;

fopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztuplk;

Nfl;lwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

8 5 7 - 2 4 9

tpiliag ; ngw ;Wf ;nfhs ;tjw ;F


toq;Fq;fs;.

fopj;jy; nra;if Kiwia KO

tFg;Gf;Fk; tpsf;Ftjw;F khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.



FOf;fshf;fp> gp ;d;tUk; tpjkhd

(Nju;r;rp kl;lj;Jf;F Vw;g) xg;gil

ml;ilia toq;Fq;fs;.

1. 283 Kl;ilfspy; 92 Kl;ilfs;

tpw;fg;gl;ld. kpFjpahf cs;s

Kl;ilfs; vj;jid?

2. tpohnthd;wpw;F tUif je;j

ghu;itahsu;fs; njhif 957.

mtu;fspy; cs;ehl;Lg; ghu;it-

ahsu;fs; njhif 784 MFk;.

ntspehl;Lg; ghu;itahsu; njhif

ahJ?

3. xU Njhl;lj;jpy; %d;W khj

fhyj;jpy; gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;-

fs pd ; vz ;z pf ;if f P No

jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

[dtup 430

ngg;utup 501

khu;r; 450

i& [dtup> ngg;utup khjq;fspy;

gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;fspd;

nkhj;j vz;zpf;if khu;r;

khjk; gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;-

fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl

vt;tsT mjpfk;?

ii& [dtup> khu;r; khjq;fspy;

gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;fspd;

vz;zpf;iff;Fk; ngg;utup

khjk; gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;

-fspd ; vz;zpf ;iff ;Fk ;

,ilNa cs;s tp;j;jpahrk;

ahJ?

xU FO Kjy; tpdhit thrpf;f

kw ;iwa FO mjid ed ;F

nrt pkLj ;J t psq ;f pf ;nfhs ;sr ;

nra;Aq;fs;.

fye;Jiuahbg; gpurpdk; jPu;g;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t ;thNw ,uz ;lhk ; > %d ;whk ;

tpdhf;fisAk; thrpg;gjw;F Vida

FOf;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

gj;jpdplj;jpy;; nfhz;L

tUjYld; fopj;jy;

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


fzpjr ; nra ;iffis thr pj ;J

tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sTk;> gpurpde; jPu;j;j-

Yf;fhd nraw;ghLfspy; <LglTk;;

topfhl;ly; mtrpakhd FOf;fSf;F

cjTq;fs;.


khztu; gpurpdj;ij thrpj ;J

tpsq;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sdu; vd;gijj;

nju p e ;J nfhs ;tjw ; f hff ;

FOf;fsplk; nrd;W tpdhf;fis

tpdTq;fs;.

gpurpde; jPu;f;Fk;NghJ fopj;jy;

nra;iffisr; rupahfr; nra;fpwhu;-

fsh vd;gij mtjhdpAq;fs;.

nfhz;L tUjypy; ,lu;g;gLfpd;w

khztUf;Fg; NghjpasT vz;zpfisg;

gad;gLj;jp gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;g;gjw;F

cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.

g pd ;tUk ; Kiwapy ; fopj ;jy ;

g p u r pdq ;fisj ; j P u ; g ; gjw ;F


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

4 0 3 8 9 1- 2 8 1 - 3 8 9

6 2 5 9 1 3- 2 0 7 - 5 0 4


³ fopj;jy; ³ ePf;Fjy;

³ kpff;FiwT ³ kpFjp

³ kpf mjpfk;


³ xg;gil ml;il


vz;fisf; fopj ;jy; njhlu;ghd

mbg;gilj; jpwd;fis Nkk;gLj;J

tjw;fhf kdf;fzpjg; gapw;rpfisg;

gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gpd ;tUk; fopj ;jy; gapw ;r pfis

tha;%yk; tpdTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

9 - 5 8 - 3 7 - 2

15 - 8 19 - 5 12 - 6

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,d;Ndhu;

vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.vz;izf; fopj;Jg; gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.

ghlk; 2

VNjDk; Xu; vz;zpypUe;J 9 If;

fopf;f Ntz;Lkhapd;> Kjypy; 10 I

vLj;J tpl;Lg;; gpd;du; 1 If; $l;Ljy;>

8 If; fopf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; 10 I

vLj;Jtpl;L> 2 If; $l;Ljy; Nghd;w

cj ;j p fis Nkw ; nfhs ;tjw ;F

khztiu topg ;gLj;Jq;fs; .NtW

tpj;jpahrkhd cj;jpfs; cs;sdth

vd;gij khztuplk; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

kdjhy; jPu ;g ;gjw;fhfg; gpd;tUk;

tpjkhd ,yFthd gpurpdq;fis

Kd;itAq;fs;.

18 ,ypUe;J 3 If; fopj;jhy; kPjp

vt;tsT?

19 ,ypUe;J 5If; fopj;jhy; kPjp

vt;tsT?

vd;dplk; 9 wk;Gl;lhd;fs; cs;sd.

mtw;wpy; 2 I ehd; cz;Nld;. vQ;rpa

wk;Gl;lhd;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


kPdhtplk; 9 ngd;rpy;fs; cs;sd.

mts ; mj py ; 3I Nwhr pf ;Ff ;

nfhLj;jhs;. ,g;NghJ kPdhtplk;

vj;jid ngd;rpy;fs; cs;sd?

rkdplk; 8 khk;goq;fs; cs;sd.

mkPdplk; 3 khk;goq;fs; cs;sd.

,UtuplKk; cs;s khk;goq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if rkdhtjw;F mkPDf;F

,d;Dk; vj;jid khk;goq;fs; Njit?

gpd;tUk; gpurpdj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;

vOJq;fs;.

5 3 4 - 3 7 6

,g;gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;f;Fk; Kiwiag;

gpd;tUk; Kiwapy; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Kjy; gbKjy; gbKjy; gbKjy; gbKjy; gb

4 ,ypUe;J 6 If; fopf;f Kbahjjhy;>

gj ;j pd plj ;j py ; ,Ue ;J xd;iwf ;

nfhz;L tUk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

5 3 4- 3 7 6

8 14 - 6 } 8

,uz;lhtJ gb,uz;lhtJ gb,uz;lhtJ gb,uz;lhtJ gb,uz;lhtJ gb

gj;jpdplj;jpy; ,uz;L gj;Jf;fs;

(3- 1 ) cs;sd. ,uz;L gj;Jf;fspy;

7 gj;Jf;fisf; fopf;f KbahJ.

vdNt E}wpdplj;jpypUe;J xd;iwf;

nfhz;L te;J 12 gj;Jf;fspypUe;J

7 gj;Jf;fisf; fopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

4 2

5 3 4- 3 7 6

5 8 12 - 7 } 5

%d;whtJ gb%d;whtJ gb%d;whtJ gb%d;whtJ gb%d;whtJ gb

,g;NghJ E}wpdplj;jpy; ehd;F

E}Wfs; cs;sd. vdNt ehd;F

E}wpdplj;jpy; ,Ue;J 3 E}Wfisf;

fo pf ; f KbAk ; vd ; gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

4 2

5 3 4 - 3 7 6

1 5 8 4 - 3 } 1

mtrpakhapd; nfhz;L tUjYldhd

fopj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fis ml;ltiz/vz; rl ;lk ; / Bd ;] ; fl ;ilfs ;

Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp tpsf;

Fq ;fs ; . NkYk ; mt ;thwhd

gpur pdq;fis toq;f p (nfhz;L

tUjYldhd re;ju;g;gq;fis tpsf;fp)

Kd;tUfpd;w khztid mtw;iwj;

jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

khztUf;Ff; nfhz;L tUjYldhd

re;ju;g;gk; Vw;gLk; NghJ mjid

tpsf;Ftjw;F cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.

8 1 0 4 0 7 - 4 8 5 - 2 5 9

Nghd;wthW gpurpdk; jPu;f;Fk; Kiwia

tpsf;Fq;fs;.



shf;Fq;fs;.

,uz;L re;ju;g ;gq;fspy; nfhz;L

tUjYldhd gpurpdq;fisf; nfhz;l

gpd;tUk; xg;gilg; gj;jpuq;fisg;

gfpu;e;J mspAq;fs;.

4 9 3 7 7 0 6 0 5 8 1 0 - 2 9 4 - 5 8 4 - 3 9 7 - 1 2 7

xU khztd; gpur pde ; j Pu ;f ;Fk;

Kiwia tpsf;Fk;NghJ> kw;iwa

khztu; %tUk; mjid cd;dpg;ghf

mtjhdpf;fr; nra;Aq;fs;. gpur;rpde;

jPu;f;Fk; Kiwia tpsf;Ftjw;fhd

re;ju;g ;gj;ij rfy khztUf;Fk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



Nkyjpfr; nraw;ghLfs; Njitg;

gLfpd;w khztUf;fhf> g+r;rpak;

cs;s re;ju;g;gq;fs; mlq;fpa

gapw;rpfis toq;Fq;fs;.

2 5 0 6 0 1 8 1 0- 1 8 5 - 3 4 4 - 3 2 7

cjtp Njitg;gLfpd;w khztiuf;

nfhz;L nry;yypy;yhj gapw;rp

kw;Wk; xU ,lj;jpypUe;J nfhz;L

nry;yy;> ,uz;L ,lq;fspypUe;J

nfhz;L nry;yy; Nghd;w fzpjg;

gapw;rpfspy; fpukkhd Kiwapy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

Njitahd re ;ju ; g ; gq ; fs py ;

nghUj;jkhd fw;wy; cjtpfis

toq;Fq;fs;.


³ ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs;

³ nfhz;L tUjy;


³ vz; ml;il

³ Bd;];; fl;ilfs;

³ KO tFg;Gf;Fk; mwpKfk;

nra;tjw;fhd Xu; ml;ltiz


Kjyhk; ghlj ;j pd ; KO tFg;G

mwpKfj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ Nghy;

KbAkhd msT t pdhf ; fis

Kd;itj;J> kdf;fzpj Kiwapy;

tpilfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

g pd ;tUk ; ml ;ltiznahd ;iw

khztUf;Ff; fhl;rpg ;gLj;Jq;fs;.

nrayhsu; xUtuJ njuptpd;NghJ

mNgl;rfu;fs; ehy;tu; ngw;w thf;F-

fs pd ; t p g uk ; ml ; ltiza py ;

jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>nfhz;L tUjy; ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj>

ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;ehd;fpyf;f vz;fs; nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj;

jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.jPu ;g ;ghu;.


mNgl;rfu; ngw;w vz;zpf;if

thf;Ffs;

A 8 438B 7 904C 6 156D 4 081

1' mNgl;rfu; A ngw;w thf;Ffs; Bngw;w thf;Ffis tpl vt;tsT

mjpfk;?

gpurpdj;ij Kd;itj;jgpd;> khztu;

thrpj;J tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F

mtfhrk;; toq;Fq;fs;.

gpurpde; jPu;g;gjw;fhf> Kd;tUfpd;w

khztDf ;Fr ; re ;ju ; g ; gj ;ij

toq;Fq;fs;.

8 4 3 8 - 7 9 0 4

fopj ;jw ; nra;ifia xd;whk ;

,lj;jpypUe;J xOq;F Kiwapy;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


2' mNgl;rfu; C kw;Wk; D ,UtUk;ngw;w thf;FfSf;fpilNa cs;s

tpj;jpahrk; vj;jid?

g pur pdj ;ij thr pf ;fTk ; t pj ;j p

ahrj;ijf; fhZk; tpjj;ijj; Njb-

awpaTk;; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

gpurpde; jPu;j;jypd;NghJ nfhz;L

nry;yYf;fhd ,uz;L re;ju;g;gq;fis

tpsf;Fq;fs;. mtrpakhapd;> vz;

ml;il> Bd;]; fl;ilfs;> Nghd;w-

tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp> gpurpde; jPu;j;jiy

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

6 1 5 6- 4 0 8 1


khztiuf; FOf;fshf;fp> gpd;tUk;

t pjkhd xg ; gil xd ;iw

toq;Fq;fs;. xg;gilg; gj;jpuj;ijj;

jahupg;gjw;fhf NkNy ml;ltiz-

apYs;s jfty;fisg ; gad; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

1. mNgl;rfu; C I tpl mNgl;rfu; Bmjpfkhfg; ngw;Ws;s thf;Ffspd;

vz;zpf;if ahJ?

2. mNgl;rfu; D I tpl mNgl;rfu; Amjpfkhfg; ngw;Ws;s thf;Ffspd;

vz;zpf;if ahJ?

3. A kw;Wk; C mNgl;rfu;fs; ngw;Ws;s

thf ;Ffs ; vz ;zpf ;if a pd ;

tpj;jpahrk; vj;jid?


khztu; FOr; nraw;ghLfspy;

<Lgl;bUf;ifapy; FOf;fSf;Fr;

nrd;W Njitahd cjtpfis

toq;Fq;fs;.

mtrpakhapd; Bd;]; fl;ilfisg;

gad;gLj;jpg; gpurpde; jPu;g;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


³ fopj;jy; ³ nfhz;LtUjy;

³ mjpfk; ³ FiwT

³ tpj;jpahrk;


³ gpurpdq;fs; mlq;fpa ml;il


Kjyhk; ghlj ;j pd ; KO tFg;G

mwpKfj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ Nghy;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;ehd ;F ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fisf ;

nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.nfhz;l fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.


$Lkhd tiua py ; kdf ;fz pj

Kiwapy; tpdhf;fisf; tpdTq;fs;.

t pdhf ; fSf ;fhd t pilfis

tpiuthfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F

Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;.

18 - 9 } 13 - 6 } 14 - 7 }

Nghd;w tpdhf;fSf;fhd ,yFthd

nra ;ifKiwia khztu plk ;

t pdTq;fs; . ,yFthd nra;if

Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Gifa p uj e piyaj ;Jf ;F

ehnshd ;Wf ;F cs ;tUk ;

gazpfs; vz;zpf;if 4107.

ntspNaWk; gazpfs; vz;-

zpf;if 2359. cs; tUfpd;w

gazpfs; vz;zpf;iff;Fk; ;

nts pNaWf pd ;w gazpfs ;

vz;zpf;iff;FkpilNa cs;s

tpj;jpahrk; vt;tsT?

3&xU j pdj ; j py ; ,lk ;ngw ; w

Ma ;t pd ; Ng hJ Gifa p uj

epiyaj;jpd; cs;te;j gazpfs;

vz ;z pf ;if 4 1 0 7 MfTk ;

ntspNawpa gazpfs; vz;-

zpf;if 2359 MfTk; fhzg;-

gl;lJ. ntspNawpa gazpfs;

vz;zpf;if cs;te;j gazpfs;

vz;zpf;ifia tpl vt;tsT

FiwthdJ?

''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''

Xt;nthU gpurpdj;ijAk; ntt;Ntwhf

thrpj;J> ed;F tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sTk;>

gpurpdk; jPu ;f ;fTk; khztUf;Fr;


gpurpdk; 1

4107- 23591748

7 - 9 fopf;f KbahJ. vdNt>

E}wpdplj;jpy ; gj;Jf;fs; gj;J

vd ; gjhy ; mj py ; xd ;iwg ;

gj;jpdplj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;Lte;J> xU

gj;jpy; gj;J xd;Wfs; vdf;nfhz;L

mjid VOld ; $l ;Lq ; fs ; .

,g;NghJ 17 - 9 = 8 MFk;.

,jd; gpd;G xd;gJ gj;Jf;fspypUe;J

Ie;J gj;Jf;fisf;; fopAq;fs;.

9 - 5 = 4 MFk;.

E}wpdplj;jpy; 0 - 3 fopf;f

KbahJ. Mapuq;fspy; xd;W gj;J

E}Wfs; vdf;nfhz;L> Mapuq;fspy;

xd;iw E}wpdplj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L

nry;Yq;fs;.

10 - 3 = 7 MFk;.

gpd;du; %d;W Mapuq;fspy; ,Ue;J

,uz;L Mapuq;fisf; fopg;Nghk;.

3 - 2 = 1

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

18 - 9 } 10 - 9 } 1" 8 + 1 } 9

18 - 9 } (9 ,ypUe;J Kd;Ndhf;fp

vz;Zjy;> xd;gJk; xd;Wk; gj;J

NkYk; vl;L 1 + 8 } 9)

g pd ;tUtd Nghd;w gpur pdq;fs;

mlq;fpa ml;ilnahd;W fpilj;jJ

vdTk; mg;gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;g;gjw;F

khztuJ cjtp mtrpak; vdTk;

$Wq;fs;. gpurpdq;fs; mlq;fpa

ml;ilia Kd;itAq;fs;.

^1&

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2&j pq ;fsd ;W 4107 gazpfs ;

Gifa p uj e piyaj ;j p w ;F

cs;te;jdu;. mNj jpdk; 2359

gazpfs; ntspNawpdu;. cs;te;j

gazpfs; vz;zpf;if ntsp-

Nawpa gazpfs; vz;zpf;ifia-

tpl vt;tsT mjpfk;?

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


2&xU Njhl;lj;jpy; [_iy kw;Wk; Xf];l;

khjq;fspy; gwpf;fg;gl;l Njq;fha;fs;

Kiwia 5387> 6021 MFk;. ,uz;L

khjq;fspYk; gwpj;j Njq;fha;fs;

vz;zpf;if rk msthf ,Ug;gjw;F

[_iy khjk; ,d;Dk; vj;jid

Njq;fha;fs; gwp;j;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;?

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

[_iy khjj;jpy; 5387 Njq;fha;fSk;

xf];l; khjk; 6021 Njq;fha;fSk;

xU Njhl;lj;jpy; gwpf;fg;gl;ld. [_iy

khjj;jpy; gwpj;j vz;zpf;if Xf];l;

khjk; gwpj;j vz;zpf;iff;Fr; rkkhf

Ntz;Lkhapd; Xf];l; khjk; gwpj;j

Njq;fha;fspy; vj;jid Njq;fha;

fis ePf;f Ntz;Lk;?

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4&

^1&Njhl;lk; xd;wpy; [_iy khjk; gwpj;j

Njq;fha;fspd; vz;zpf;if 5387

MFk ; . xf] ;l ; khjk ; gw pj ;j

Njq;fha;fspd; vz;zpf;if 6021

MFk;. [_iy khjj;jpy; gwpj;j

vz;zpf;ifia tpl xf];l; khjk;

gwpj;j Njq;fha;fspd; vz;zpf;if

vt;tsT mjpfk;?

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3&

[_iy khjk; 5387 Njq;fha;fSk;

xf];l; khjk; 6021 Njq;fha;fSk;

xU Njhl;lj;jpy; gwpf ;fg ;gl;ld.

,t ;t pU khjq ;fs pYk ; gw pj ;j

Njq;fha ;fspd ; vz;zpf ;ifapd ;

tpj;jpahrk; vd;d?

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

nfhz;L tUjYf;fhd re;ju;g;gq;fis

khztUf;F tpsf;FjYk;> mit

Mrpupauhy; kPz;Lk; typAWj;jg;-

gLjYk; mj;jpahtrpakhdjhFk;.

Njitahapd; Bd;]pd;; fl;ilfs;> vz;

rl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd; cjtpAld; mjid

tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gpurpdk; 2

thrpj;J tpsq;fpf;nfhz;ljd; gpd;du;>

gpurpdk; 1 Ij; jPu;j;jJ NghyNt

gpurpdk; 2 IAk; jPu;f;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gpurpdk; 3

thrpj;J tpsq;fpf;nfhz;ljd; gpd;du;>

gpurpdq;fs; 1> 2 Ij; jPu;j;jJ NghyNt

gpurpdk; 3 IAk; jPu;f;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gpurpdk; xd;whf ,Ue;jNghjpYk;>

mjid ntt ;NtW t pjq ;fs py ;

Kd;itf;fyhk; vd;gij khztUf;F

ed;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.


khztiu ehd ;FNgu ; nfhz ;l

FOf;fshf;fp> KOtFg;G mwpKf

Ntisapy; ,lk; ngw;wJ NghyNt

gpurpdnkhd;iw Kd;itAq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


1& 2& 3&25 86 64

- 14 - 40 -49

4& 5&456 905

- 145 - 380

vjpu ;ghu ;j ;j kl;lj ;ij ,yFtpy;

mile;j khztUf;F rthy;fSld;

$ba gpurpdq;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 561 8

NkNyAs;s ehd;F ,yf;fq;fisf;

nfhz;L Mf;ff;$ba kpfg;ngupa

vz;Zf;Fk;> kpfr;rpwpa vz;Zf;Fk;

,ilNaahd t pj ; j pahrj ;ijf ;

fhZq;fs;.

xt;nthU gpurpdj;ij thrpg;gjw;Fk;

mjidj; jPu;f;f Ntz;ba tpjj;ijj;

jPu;khdpg;gjw;Fk; khztu;fSf;Fr;

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. fye;Jiuahb>

xw;WikAld; gpurpde; jPu ;g ;gjw;F

topfhl;Lq;fs;.


vjpu ;ghu ;j ;j kl;lj;ij milahj

khztUf;nfd ,yFthd gpurpdj;ijj;

jahupj;J Kd;itAq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghLfis ,dq;fz;L,dq;fz;L,dq;fz;L,dq;fz;L,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu; . gad;gLj;Jthu; . gad;gLj;Jthu; . gad;gLj;Jthu; . gad;gLj;Jthu; .

<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 5 tiuapyhd v5 tiuapyhd v5 tiuapyhd v5 tiuapyhd v5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy;z;fshy;z;fshy;z;fshy;z;fshy;

ngUf;Fthu;.ngUf;Fthu;.ngUf;Fthu;.ngUf;Fthu;.ngUf;Fthu;.

ngUf;fy; 1ngUf;fy; 1ngUf;fy; 1ngUf;fy; 1ngUf;fy; 1

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:


thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

5 5 5 5 5


³ tha;g;ghL ³ jlit

³ ngUf;fy;

tsq;fstsq;fstsq;fstsq;fstsq;fs;; ;; ;

³ g pd ;tUk ; ml ;ltiziag ;

g p uj pnra ;J nfhs ;tjw ;fhf

xt;nthU gps;isf;Fk; rJuf;

Nfhbl;l fljhrp

x 2 3 4 512345678910


2 Kjy; 20 tiu ,uz;Lfspy;

vz ;Ztjw ;F KO tFg ; Gld ;

,ize;J Muk;gpAq;fs;. mjd; gpd;du;

FOf;fSf;Fk; jdpj;jdp khztu;f;Fk;

re;ju;;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. ,JNghd;W

%d;WfspYk;> ehd;FfspYk;> Ie;J-

fspYk; vz;Ztjw;F topg;gLj;-

Jq;fs;.

,uz;L juk; ,uz;L vj;jid vd

khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

ml;ltizapy; cupa fl;lj ;j py ;

tpilia (4) vOJq;fs;.

%d;W juk; ,uz;L vj;jid vd

tpdTq;fs;. (tpil - 6)

,jidAk; ml;ltizapy; vOJq;fs;.

ehd;F juk; %d;W> MW juk; ehd;F>

xd ;gJ juk ; Ie ;J vd ;gijAk ;

mt;thNw nra;Aq;fs;.

G+u ;j ;jp nra;ag;gl;l fl;lq;fisf;

fhz;gpj;J mt;ntz;fs; ngwg;gl;l

tpjj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 45 If; fhl;b mJ

cUthd tpjj;ijf; NfSq;fs;.

(tpil 9 juk; 5)


khztiu ,Utuptuhff; FOf;f-

shf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztDf;Fk; rJuf; Nfhbl;l

jhs; xt;nthd;W toq;Fq;fs;.

,UtupUtuhfr; nraw;gLkhW xOq;F

nra;J xt;nthU epuiyAk; Kiwahfg;

G + u ;j ;j p nra ;AkhW khztu plk ;

$Wq;fs;.

Nfhyq;fs; njhlu;ghd ,lu;g;ghLfs;

cs;s khztUf;Ff; ml;ltiziag;

G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.

khztu; vy;yh epuy;fisAk; G+u;j;jp

nra;jgpd;du;> fUk;gyifapy; vOjg;

gl;l cq;fs; ml;ltiziag; G+u;j;jp

2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd2> 3> 4> 5 Mk; tha;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd

mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


nra;tjw;F mtu;fsJ cjtpiag;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ePq;fs; vz;fis

vOJk ;NghJ mtw ;iw thr pf ;f

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

ml ; ltiz ru pahfg ; G + u ; j ; j p

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij cWjpg;

gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F mjid cq;fs;

ml;ltizAld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghUq;fs;.

ghlKbtpd;NghJ ,uz;L Kjy; Ie;J

G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;l ml;ltizfs;

khztuplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

(khztu;fs; ,g;gapw;rpapy; nkJthf

<LgLthu;fshapd; ml;ltiziar;

rupahfg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F mjpfkhd

Neuj;ijr; nrytpl;L xt;nthU khz

tUk ; ru pahfg ; G + u ;j ;j p nra ;a

,lkspg;gJ rpwg;ghdjhFk;.)

xt;nthU ngUf;fy; ml;ltizf;Fk;

Vw ;w t pdhf ;fis t pdTq ;fs ; .

tpilaspg;gjw;F ml;ltiziag;

gad;gLj;Jk;gb khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

khztUf;F ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk; tiu

apy; gapw;rpapy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;J 12 Ig; ngWk;

tpjq;fis khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

mjidf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 12 } 6 x 2 } 3 x 4 } '''' x ''''

fzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;; ;; ;

ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;J 16> 20> 24...

Nghd;w vz;fisg; ngWk; t o pKiw

fisg; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOJtjw;F

xOq;Fnra;Aq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J7 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis mwpe;J

gad;gLj;Jthu;.gad;gLj;Jthu;.gad;gLj;Jthu;.gad;gLj;Jthu;.gad;gLj;Jthu;.


,uz;lhk; tha;g;ghL Ie;jhk; tha;g;ghL

5 juk; 2 vj;jid? 4 juk; 5 vj;jid?

8 juk; 2 vj;jid? 7 juk; 5 vj;jid?

iv. ehd;F juk; Ie;J vj;jid?

v. ehd;F juk; gj;J vj;jid?

vi. vl;Lj; juk; vl;L vj;jid?

vii. ehd;F juk; vl;L vj;jid?

Nkw;Fwpj;j tpjkhd tpdhf;fSf;fhd

tpilfis tpiuthfg ; ngw ;Wf ;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

4 x 6 } ml;ilia khztUf;Ff;

fhz;gpj;J thrpg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

' e hd ;F juk ; MW" t pilia

khztuplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

ehd;fhk; tha;g ;ghl;il tFg;gpy;

Kd;itAq;fs;. MrpupaUld; Nru;e;J

tha;g;ghl;il thrpAq;fs;. gy jlit

tha ;g ; g hl ;il thr pj ;j g pd ;du ;

,ilf;fpilNa tha;g;ghl;L tupfisf;

fhz;g pj ;J mjid thrpg ;gjw ;F


³ ngUf;fy;

³ ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL


³ ml;ilfspy; jahupf;fg;gl;l

7 Mk;> 9 Mk; tha;g;ghL

³ 4 x 6 = 5 x 8 = 6 x 6 =

Nghd;w ml;ilfs;> FOr; nraw;

ghLfSf;fhd tha;g;ghL.


ngUf;fy; njhlu;ghd Kd;dwpit

kPl;lYf;fhfg; gpd;tUk; tpjkhd

tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.

i. Ie;J juk; ,uz;L vj;jid?

ii. vl;L juk; ,uz;L vj;jid?

iii. %d;W juk; MW vj;jid?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


to pg ;gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . Kd ;tUfpd ;w

khztUf;F tha;g;ghl;il thrpg;gjw;F


Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tpjkhf> xd;gjhk;

tha;g;ghl;il Kd;itj;J> thrpg;g-

jw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;ij khztUf;F

toq;Fq;fs;.

,Jtiuapy; 7Mk; 9Mk; tha;g;ghL

jtpu 10 Mk; tha;g ;ghl ;ilAk;

mw pe ; j pUg ; gjhy ; mt ;tw pitg ;

gad;gLj;jp 7> 9 Mfpa tha;g;ghLfis

epidtpy; ,Uj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F top

fhl;Lq;fs;.



FOf;fshf ;Fq;fs; . xt;nthU

FOTf;Fk; gpd;tUk; tpjkhd

xt;nthU ml;ltizia toq;-

Fq;fs;.

1& x 7 912345678910

^2& x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7

9

Kjy; ml;ltiziag; G+u ;j ;jp

nra;Ak;NghJ thrpf;fTk; rupahd

tpilia vOjTk; xt;nthU FO

mq ;fj ;jtUf ;Fk ; re ;ju ; g ; gk ;

toq ;Fq ;fs ; . mJNghyNt

,uz;lhk; ml;ltiziaAk; G+u;j;jp

nra;Aq;fs;.

,t;thW

1 x 7 } 7 x 1 5 x 7 } 7 x 54 x 9 } 9 x 4 8 x 9 } 9 x 8vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


7> 9 Mk; tha;g;ghLfis thrpf;Fk;

t pjkha ; gy t pdhf ; fis

tpdTq;fs;.

i. 6 juk; 7 vj;jid?

ii. 8 juk; 7 vj;jid?

iii. 5 juk; 9 vj;jid?

iv. 9 juk; 9 vj;jid?

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 2 MYk;

3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.3 MYk; ngUf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.

ghlk; 3


³ FO Ntiyf;fhd xg;gilfs;


ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL njhlu;ghd rpy

tpdhf ;fis tpdtp t piliag ;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

1' 5 x 4 vj;jid?

2' 4 x 8 vj;jid?

3' 3 x 7 vj;jid?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gpurpdk; xd;iwf;


E} g x

6 3 x 2

ngUf ;fy ; xd ;Wfs py ; ,Ue ;J

njhlq;Fk; vd;gij typAWj;Jq;fs;.

Qhgfj;jpy; ,Ue;J my;yJ mtu;fsJ

ngUf;fy; ml;ltizapypUe;J 2X3=6vd;gij khztuplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;

nfhz;L 6 I xd;Wfs; epuypy; vOj

Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

mLj;J 2x6 (,q;F 6 MdJ gj;Jf;fs;

MW MFk;.) vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;.

tpil : 12

,J 12 gj;Jf;fs; MFk; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

mjhtJ 1 E}WfSk; 2 gj;Jf;fSk;

MFk;. 2 vq;Nf vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;

vdf; fhl;Lq;fs;. (gj;jpd; epuypy;)

E}Wfs; xd;W E}wpd ; ,lj;j py ;

vOjg;gLk;.

E} g x

6 3 x 2

1 2 6

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd 3 My; ngUf;Fk;

fzf;nfhd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy;

vOJq;fs;.

E} g x

4 5 x 3

5

5 %d;Wfs; vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;.

(15) ,J 1 gj;Jk; 5 xd;Wf;fSk; MFk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

xd;wpd; epuypy; 5 xd;Wfis vOJk;

tpjj;ijf; fhl;bg; gj;Jf;fs; 1 I

Kd;dhy; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.

mjid gj;jpd; epuypd; tpil epuypd;

fPo; vOJq;fs;.

3 x 4 vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;. ^12&

Kd ;dhy ; nfhz ;Ltug ; gl ; l

gj;Jf;fSld; 1 If; $l;Ltjw;F

khztUf;F epidTgLj;Jq;fs; .

$l;Lj;njhif 13 MFk;. 13 gj;Jf;fs;

vd;gJ E}Wfs; xd;Wk; gj;Jf;fs;

%d;WkhFk;. 1 E}Wk; 3 gj;Jf;fSk;

MFk;.

E} g x

4 5 x 3

1 3 51 1 Kd;dhy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l

vz;.


,Utu; ,Utuhff; FOf;fshf;fp

NkYs;sJ Nghd;w ngUf;fy;

gpurpdq;fs; cs;slq;fpa xg;gil

ml;ilfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F

xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.

Ntfkhff; fw;NghUf;F Nkyjpfg;

gapw;rpfis toq;Fq;fs;.


mtu;fs; Ntiy nra;ifapy;

mtu ;fsJ tpilfisr ; mt-

jhdpj ;Jg; ghu ;j ;J fzf;Ffs;

nra;tjw;F ,d;Dk; ek;gpf;if

Vw ;glhj khztu ; ,Ue ;jhy ;

mtu;fSf;F Nkyjpf cjtpfis

toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw

4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.4 MYk; 5 MYk;; ngUf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.

ghlk; 4


³ ngUf;fk;


³ FOf;fSf;fhf 0 ,ypUe;J 9

tiu vOjg;gl;l vz; ml;ilfs;


khztUld; ,uz;buz;lhf 20 tiu

vz;Zq;fs;.

Kd;tUk; khztu;fs; xt;nthU-

tuplKk; ,uz;buz;lhf vz;ZkhW

$Wq;fs;. KO tFg;GlDk; Nru;e;J

kPz;Lk; vz;Zq;fs;. 3> 4> 5 Mfpa

vz;fspd; Nfhyq;fSf;Fk; mJ-

NghyNt nra;Aq;fs;.

ml ;ltiziag ; gad ;gLj ;jy ; >

ngUf;fy; tha;g ;ghl;ilf; fw;wy;

vd;gd njhlu;ghf khztUf;Fg;

gapw ;r paspg ;gjw ;fhfg ; > ngUf;fy;

ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mJ

gw ; w pa ,yFthd t pdhf ; fs ;

rpytw;iw tpdTq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; fzf;iff; fUk;gyifapy;

vOJq;fs;.

E} g x

6 7 x 4

VO juk; ehd;F vj;jid vd;gijj;

jkJ ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag;

gad;gLj;jpf; fhZkhW khztUf;Ff;

$Wq;fs;. (28)

mjpy; vj;jid gj;Jf;fs; cs;sd?

(2) xd;Wfs; vj;jid cs;sd? (8)

8 I vq;Nf vOj Ntz;Lk; vd

tpdhTq;fs;. (xd;wpd; epuypy;)

gj;Jf;fs; ,uz;il vd;d nra;a

Ntz;Lk; vd tpdTq;fs;.

(gj ;j pd ; e puypd ; ngUf ;fj ;Jld;

$l;Ltjw;F gj;jpd; epuYf;Ff; nfhz;L

nry;y Ntz;Lk;.)

E} g x

6 7 x 4

8

2 Kd;dhy; nfhz;L

nry;yg;gl;l vz;

mLj;j gbKiw ahJ vd

tpdTq;fs;. (6 juk; 4)

tpil ahnjd tpdhTq;fs;. (24)

gj;Jf;fspd; nkhj;jf; $l;Lj;njhif

vt;tsT? ^ 24 + 2&

26 gj ;Jf ;fspy ; 2 E}WfSk; 6

gj ;Jf ;fSk ; cs ;sd vd ; gij

khztUf;F epidT+l;Lq;;fs;.

6 gj ;Jf ;fs; vq;Nf vOjg ;gly;

Ntz;Lk; vd tpdTq;fs;.

(gj;jpd; epuypy;)

2 E}Wfis vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?

(E}wpdplj;Jf;F nfhz;L nry;y

Ntz;Lk;.)

2 I E}wpd; epuypy; vOJq;fs;.

E} g x

6 7 x 4

2 6 82 2 Kd;dhy; nfhz;L

nry;yg;gl;l vz;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


gpd;tUtd Nghd;w vLj;Jf;fhl;bd;

%yk; fPo; Nehf;fpAk; FWf;fhfTk;

ngUf;fiy tpsf;Fq;fs;. jl;L xd;wpy;25 G+f;fs; cs;sd. mt;thwhd 3

jl;Lf;fspy; cs;s G+f;fs; vj;jid?

2 5 my;yJ 3 x 25 } 75x 37 5

ngw;Wf;nfhz;l tpiliar; nrt;it

ghu;g ;gjw;Fg; gpd;tUtd Nghd;w

cj ;j pfisg ; gad ;gLj ;Jtjw ;F


1& 25 2& 25 gpd;du; 5025 x 2 + 25

+ 25 50 7575

3& ehd;F 25 fs; 100100 - 25 } 75

4& 25 } 20 + 5 vd;gjhy;20 x 3 } 60 5 x 3 } 15

75


khztiu ,Utu ; nfhz ;l

FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

0 - 9 tiu vOjg ; gl ; l vz ;

ml;ilfisf; nfhLj;J mtw;iwf;

nfhz;L <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwf;

fl;bnaOg;GkhW $Wq;fs;. mjid

4 MYk; 5 MYk; ngUf;Ftjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

t pil ru pahdjh vd ; gij

mwpe ;Jnfhs;tjw ;Fg ; gy;NtW

nraw ;ghLfs py ; <LgLtjw ;F


NtW vz;fisAk; fl;bnaOg;gp

nraw ; g hl ;il Kd ;ndLj ;Jr ;

nry;Yq;fs;.


gpd;tUk; gapw;rpfspy; khztiu

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

1& 2& 3&2 4 3 5 14 x 3 } '''''''x 4 x 4

4& 5& 6&2 3 3 3 25 x 5 } '''''''x 5 x 5

7& epiunahd;wpy; 5 fjpiufs;

cs ;sd. mt ;thwhd 18

epiufspy; cs;s fjpiufspd;

vz;zpf;if ahJ?

8& xU igapy; 25 kpl;lha;fs;

cs;sd. mt;thwhd 4 igfspy;

cs;s kpl;lha;fspd; vz;zpf;if

ahJ?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : epak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ijepak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ijepak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ijepak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ijepak mynfhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij

msg;ghu;.msg;ghu;.msg;ghu;.msg;ghu;.msg;ghu;.

ePsKk; J}uKk; 1ePsKk; J}uKk; 1ePsKk; J}uKk; 1ePsKk; J}uKk; 1ePsKk; J}uKk; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

66666

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.



³ ePsk; ³ ePsk; $l

³ ePsk; Fiwa ³ ePsk; rkd;

³ cauk; ³ nrd;upkPw;wu;

³ kPw;wu;


³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; nrd;upkPw;wu;

Fwpa PL nfhz;l Neu ;t pspk ;

nghd;W.

³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;> msTehlh


e Psk ; msj;jy; nraw;ghLfspy ;

khztuJ Kd; mDgtj;ij kPl;ly;

njhlu;ghff; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

khztu;fsplk; kPw;wu; Nfhnyhd;iwf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

mJ vd;dntd;gij mtu;fsplk;

tpdhTq;fs;. mjd; ePsk; vt;tsT

vd tpdTq;fs;. (1 kPw;wu;)

mtu;fSf;F nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPLs;s

Neu;tpspk;nghd;iwf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

Neu;tpspk;gpd; kPJs;s FwpaPLfs;

vijf; fhl;Lfpd;wd vd tpdTq;fs;.

(nrd;upkPw;wu;)

xU kPw;wupy; vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;

cs;sd vd tpdTq;fs;.

xU kPw;wupy; 100 nrd;upkPw;wu;fs;

cs ;sd vd ;gij khztUf ;F

typAWj;Jq;fs;.

nrd ; u p k P w ; w u pYk ; k P w ; w u pYk ;

msf;ff;$batw;iwg; ngau; Fwpg;gpL


xU khztidf; fUk;gyiff;F

my;yJ RtUf;F Kd;dhy; te;J

epw;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

mtuJ jiyapd; kl;lj;jpw;F Neuhf

Neu ;t ps pk ;nghd ;iwf ; f pilahf

itj;Jf; fUk;gyifapy; / Rtupy;

ntz;fl;bapdhy; milahskpLq;fs;.

kPw;wupYk; nrd;upkPw;wupYk; cauj;ij

msf;fg; Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd;gijf;

$Wq;fs;.

k Pw ;wu ; NfhYld; njhlq;Fq;fs;.

fUk;gyifapy; / Rtupy; cs;s

milahsj;Jf;Ff; fPNo kPw;wu; Nfhiy

epiyf;Fj;jhf itAq;fs;. Nfhypd;

cr ;r piaf; Fwpg ;gjw ;fhf ntz;

fl;bahy; Nfhnlhd;W tiuAq;fs;.

,t;tilahsk; khztdpd; cauk;

Fw pf ;fg ;gl ;l ,lj ;Jf ;Ff ; f PNo

,Uf;fyhk;.

,J khztdpd; cauk; 1 kPw;wiutpl

mjpfk; vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ.

xU kPw ;wu ; cauj;ijf; fhl;Lk;

milahsj;Jf;Fk; mk; khztdpd;

cauj;jpd; milahsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa

cs;s J}uj;ij msg;gjw;F nrd;wp

kPw;wu; ; Fwpf;fg;gl;l Neu;tpspk;igg;

gad;gLj;Jq;fs;. (,q;F nrd;upkPw;wu;

Fwpf;fg;gl;l Neu;tpspk;igr; rupahfg;

gad;gLj;Jfpd;wduh vdg; ghUq;fs;.)

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


khztdpd; cauj;ij kPw;wu;> nrd;up-

kPw;wupy; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L :-

khztd; cauk; 1m 23cm

1kPw;wu; = 100 nrd;upkPw;wu; MFk;

vd ;gij khztUf ;F e pidT-

gLj;Jq;fs;. vdNt cauj;ij 123

nrd;upkPw;wu; vdTk; vOjKbAk;.

mjd;gb 1m 23cm vd;gJ 123

nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; MFk ; vd ; gij

khztUf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.

khztuJ cauj;ij msg;gjw;F

msTehlh (Nlg;) xd;iwg; gad;gLj;Jk;

Kiwia tpsf;Fq;fs;. msTehlhitg;

gad;gLj;jp cauj;ij msg;gjw;F


,t;thW kPw ;wu ; > nrd;u pk Pw ;wuhy;

msf;ff;$ba re;ju;g ;gj;ij Kd;

itj;J> Nkw;Fwpj;j gbKiwfisf;

filg;gpbg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

Mrpupa Nkirapd; ePsk;; / mfyk;.


khztu;fis %tu; my;yJ ehy;tu;

nfhz;l FOf;fshf> tFg;giwapd;

cs;Ns my;yJ ntspNa nraw;

ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;. Kd;G

NghyNt khztupd; cauq;fis

milahskpl;L (ntz;fl;bapdhy;)

mse;J kPw ;wu ; > nrd;upk Pw ;wupy;

$Wk;gb mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

jj;jkJ cauj;ij kPw;wu;> nrd;up

kPw;wupYk;> nrd;upkPw;wupy; kl;Lk;

vOJtjw;Fk; khztiu topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztuJk; cauq;-

fSf;fpilNa cs;s tpj;jpah-

rq;fisf; fhz;gjw;Fk; topg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

ePsj;ij / cauj;ij msg;gjw;F

Vw;w NtW gy ,lq;fisAk; ngau;

Fwpg;gpl;L mJ njhlu;ghd nraw;-

ghl;bYk; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: Rtnuhl;bapd; ePsk;>

mfyk;> ,U kuq;fSf;fpilNa

cs;s J}uk;.


ngau; Fwpg;gpl;l 5 ,lq;fspy;

,Ue;J khztu; jhk; tpUk;Gk; 3

,lq;fisj; njupTnra;J ePsj;ij

mse ;J tu pirg ;gLj ;Jtjw ;F

xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fUk;gyif>

khztu; Nkir>

ez;gdpd; cauk;>

tFg;giwapd; ePsk;.


³ Rw;wsT

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >gy ;NtW e Ps msTfis msg ;gjw ;F k Pw ; wu ; >

nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

ghlk; 2


³ nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPLs;s Nfhy;

³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;

³ E}ypioj;Jz;Lfs;

³ msT ehlh

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd kdf ;fzpj

tpdhf;fs; rpytw;iw khztuplk;

tpdhTq;fs;.

1' mk;kh filf;Fr; nrd;W 1 kPw;wu;

Jzp thq;fp te;jhu;. mjd; ePsk;

vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;? mjid ,U

rk Jz;Lfshf ntl;bdhu;. Jz;L

xd;wpd; ePsk; vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;?

2' 15m ePsKs;s tbfhnyhd;wpy; 8mntl;lg;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk; ntl;l

Ntz;ba ePsk; vt;tsT?

xU khztiu Kd;dhy; mioj;J

mtsJ / mtdJ ,Lg;igr; Rw;wp

msg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Kiw-

nahd;iwf; $WkhW khztuplk;

$Wq;fs;. gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fis

khztu plk ; ,Ue ;J nts pf ; -

nfhzUtjw;F Kaw;rpAq;fs;.

1' Jzp ehlh> E}ypio Nghd;w

xd;wpdhy; ,Lg;igr; Rw;wpAs;s

ePsj;ij mse;njLj;J mjid

nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPLs;s Nfhy;

xd;wpd; kPJ itj;J ePsj;ij

msj;jy;.

2' msj;jy; ehlhitg; gad;gLj;jp

ePsj;ij msj;jy;.

Nkw;Fwpj;j ,U re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk;

Vw;g ePsj;ij msf;Fk; tpjj;ij

khztUf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.

milahskplg;gl;l ,U ,lq;fSf;-

fpilNa cs;s J}uj;ij msf;ff;-

$ba tpjk ; gw ;w p khztUld;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

1. k Pw ;wu ; Nfhiyg; gad;gLj;jp

e Psj ;ijr ; rupahf msf;Fk;

tpjj;ij khztUf;Fr; nra;J

fhl;Lq;fs;.

2. E}ypio> fapW vd;gtw;w pd ;

cjtpAld; ePsj;ij msf;Fk;

tpjj;ij njspthff; fhl;Lq;fs;.

3. msj;jy; ehlhitg; gad;gLj;jp

ePsj;ij msf;Fk; tpjj;ijAk;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

%d;W re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; Vw;wthW

ePsj;ij msf;Fk; nraw;ghLfspy;


rpy re;ju;g;gq;fspd;NghJ E}y;> fapW

Nghyy;yhJ> msj;jy; ehlhtpd;

cjtpAld ; e Psj ;ij ,yFthf

mse;Jnfhs;s KbAk; vd;gij

typAWj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

ijaw;fhuu;fs; msntLf;Fk; tpjk;.



FOf;fshf;fp> Fwpf;fg;gl;l ,lnkh-

d;wpy; ,Ue;J mtu;fs; xt;nthUtUk;

gha ;e ;j J}uj ;ij Nkw ;$wg ;gl ;l

msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisf; nfhz;L

msg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf;-

nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.

khztu; ngau; gha;e;j J}uk;

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''m ''''''''''''cm''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''m ''''''''''''cm

khztiu ,UtupUtuhfr; Nru;e;J

xUtu; ,U iffisAk; ,Ugf;fq;-

fSf;Fk; tpupj;J epw;fr; nra;J> kw;w

khztu ; mk;khztdJ ifapd ;

eLtpuypd; me;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J kw;iwa

ifapd; eLtpuypd; me;jk; tiu cs;s

J}uj ;ij mse ;J g pd ;tUkhW

ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

khztd; iffs; tpupj;jNghJ

ngau; cs;s J}uk;

'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''m ''''''''''''cm

ngwg;gl ;l ePs msTfis mk;-

khztuJ cauq;fSld; xg;gpLtjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


,t;thW FOf;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l

msTfSf;F mika xUtuJ

cauk;> mtuJ iffis tpupj;J

epw;Fk; NghJ mse;j msTf;Fr;

rkdhFkh? my;yJ mz;zsthf

rkdhFkh? vd;gij mtjhdpg;

gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;mjpf J}uj;ij msf;ff;$ba myfhf fpNyhkPw;wu; kw;Wk;

mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.mjw;Fr; rkdhd FwpaPLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.

ghlk; 33333


³ fpNyhkPw;wu;

³ kPw;wu;

³ $ba

³ Fiwe;j


³ msj;jy; rpy;Y / msj;jy; ehlh/

kPw;wu; Nfhy; / 2 kPw;wu; ePsKs;s

Nfhy; / kuf;fPyk;

³ FOr; nraw;ghl;bw;fhf ,yq;if

apd; rpy ghijfs; Fwpf;fg;gl;l

ngUk; ghijj; Njrg;glk;.


nrd ;u pk Pw ;wUf ;Fk ; k Pw ;wUf ;Fk ;

,ilNaAs;s njhlu;ig typAWj;Jk;

rpy tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

miukPw;wupy; vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;fs;

cs;sd?

%d;W kPw;wupy; vj;jid nrd;upkPw;wu;fs;

cs;sd?

xd;wiu kPw;wupy; vj;jid

nrd;upkPw;wu;fs; cs;sd?

,UE}W nrd;upkPw;wu; vj;jid kPw;wu;

MFk;?

khztiu ikjhdj;Jf;F my;yJ

Kw;wj ;Jf ;F mioj;Jr ; nrd;W

msj;jy; rpy;Y / msj;jy; ehlh /kPw;wu;f; Nfhiy / 2 kPw;wu; msTs;s

Nfhiyg; gad;gLj;jp 10 kPw ;wu ;

J}unkhd;iw milahskpLq;fs;.

mt ;t pU milahsq ;fSf ;Fk ;

,ilNaAs;s J}uk; 10 kPw;wu; vd;gij

typAWj;Jq;fs;.

Xu; milahsj;jpy; ,Ue;J kw;w

milahsk; tiuapy; xU jlit

ele;jhy; nry;Yk; J}uk; 10 kPw;wu;

vd pd ; > ,U jlitfs ; > %d ;W

jlitfs;> ehd;F jlitfs; vd;wthW

ele;jhy; nry;Yk; J}u msTfs;

ahit vd khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

,t;thwhf gj;Jj; jlitfs; ele;jhy;

100 kPw;wu; J}uk; ngwg;gLk; vd;gij

tpsf;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

100 kPw;wu; J}uj;ij gj;Jj; jlit

ele;jhy; nry;Yk; J}uk; vt;tsT vd

tpdtp> gj;J 100 kPw;wu; J}uk; 1000

kPw;wu; MFk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

1000 kPw;wu;> xU fpNyh kPw;wu; MFk;

vd;gij mwpKfk; nra;Aq;fs;. (fpNyh

kPw;wu; vd;gJ ngupa msnthd;W

vd;gij typAWj;Jq;fs;.) fpNyh

kPw;wUf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; FwpaPL

km vd;gij Kd;itAq;fs;.

mjd ; gb mj pf J} uj ;ij

mstpLtjw ;fhf f pNyh k Pw ;wu ;

(1000m=1km) gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhff;

$Wq;fs;. fpNyh kPw;wiug; gad;gLj;jp

mst pLtjw ;Fg ; nghUj ; jkhd

mjp$ba msT gw;wp khztUld;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

ghlrhiyapy; ,Ue;J xU fpNyh kPw;wu;

J}uj;jpy; cs;s ,lnkhd;iw khz-

tUf;F mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.

gpd;du; xU fpNyh kPw;wiu tplf;

Fiwe;j> $ba J}uq;fspy; mik-

e;Js;s ,lq;fs; rpytw;iw mwpKfQ;

nra;Aq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

jghyfj;jpw;Fg; ghlrhiyapy; ,Ue;J

cs;s J}uk; xU fpNyhkPw;wiu tplf;

$baJ my;yJ Fiwe;jJ.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


jkJ tPl;by; ,Ue;J ghlrhiyf;F

cs;s J}uk; xU fpNyh kPw;wiu tpl

Fiwthdjh / $Ljyhdjh vdf;

$Wtjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

ghlrhiyr; Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy; cs;s fpNyh

kPw;wu; J}z;> ghijfspd; J}uq;fs;

Fwpf;fg;gl;l fhl;rpg; gyiffs; vd;gd

njhlu;ghff; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

re;jpnahd;wpy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s

fpNyhkPw;wu; msT Fwpf;fg;gl;l

J}z; / fhl;rpg;gyif.

NkNyAs;s tiug;glj;ijf; nfhz;L

,U efuq;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;s

J}uj;ij mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk;; tpjj;ij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J Gj;jsk; Clhf

mDuhjGuj;Jf;fhd ghij Njrg;

glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. nfhOk;gpy;

,Ue;J Gj;jsj;Jf;F 142 fpNyh kPw;wu;

J}uk; cs;sJ. Gj;jsj;jpypUe;J

mDuhjGuj;Jf;F 74 fpNyh kPw;wu;

J}uk; cs;sJ. nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J

mDuhjGuj;Jf;F cs;s J}uj;ijf;

fzf;fpLk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

tiug;glj;jpy; cs;sthW ,uz;L

efuq;fSf;F ,ilapyhd J}uj;ijf;

fzf;fpLk; tpjj;ij khztUf;F

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

k`hnttapypUe;J rpyhgj;Jf;Fs;s

J}uk; vt;tsT?

nfhOk;gpypUe;J rpyhgj;Jf;Fs;s J}uk;

76 km

nfhOk;gpypUe;J k`hnttTf;Fs;s

J}uk; 60 km

k`hnttapypUe;J rpyhgj;Jf;Fs;s

J}uk; 16 km



xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; Njrg;glk;

xd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

tpUk;gpa efuq;fisj; njupTnra;J

mtw ;Wf ;F ,ilNa cs ;s

J}uj;ijf; fzf;fpLtjw;F khz-

tiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mtw;iwf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;SkhW

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.


khztu; FOr; nraw;ghLfspy;

<Lgl;bUf;ifapy; mtu;fs; rupahf

J}uj ;ij thr pf ;f pd ;whu ;fsh?

vd;gijAk; rupahff; fzf;fpL

fpd;wduh vd;gijAk; mtjhdp-

Aq;fs;.

mDuhjGuk; 74

nehr;rpahfk 48

gYf];N]fk 30

fYtuf]; ntt 17

Gj;jsk; 142

kq;fs vypa 108

rpyhgk; 76

k`hntt 60

ePu;nfhOk;G 35

nfhOk;G 0

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ kPw;wu; ³ fpNyhkPw;wu;


³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; xg;gil

ml;ilfs;


kPw;wu;> fpNyhkPw;wu; ,ilNaAs;s

njhlu ; g pid t psf ;Ftjw ;fhfg ;

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.

gj;J kPw;wu;fs; ,uz;L> vj;jid

kPw;wu;fs;?

50 kPw;wupy; vj;jid 10 kPw;wu;fs;

cs;sd?

50 kPw;wu;fs; ,uz;L> vj;jid fpNyh

kPw;wu;fshFk;?

100 kPw ;wu ;fs; ,uz;L> vj;jid

fpNyhkPw;wu;fshFk;?

200 kPw;wu;fSld; 50 kPw;wu;fisf;

$l;bdhy; fpilf;Fk; msT ahJ?

250 kPw;wu;fSld; 250 kPw;wu;fisf;

$l;bdhy; fpilf;Fk; tpil ahJ?

,uz;L 500 kPw;wu;fs; vt;tsthFk;?

xU fpNyhkPw;wupy; vj;jid kPw;wu;fs;

cs;sd?

xU fpNyhkPw ;wupy; vj;jid 500

fpNyhkPw;wu;fs; cs;sd?

khztu ; fSld ; fye ;Jiuahb

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd rkd;ghLfisf;

fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

500 m + 500 m } 1000 m1000 m } 1 km Mifahy;

500 m + 500 m } 1 km

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: f pNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;sfpNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;sfpNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;sfpNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;sfpNyhk Pw ;wu ; > k Pw ;wu ; vd ;gtw ;w pd ; ,ilNaAs;s

njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ig ,dq;fz;L gpurpdk; jPu;g;ghu;.


mJNghyNt

250 m+250 m+250 m+250 m } 1000 m

250 m+250 m+250 m+250 m } 1 km

khztUld; fye;Jiuahb ,t;thwhd

gy rkd;ghLfisf; fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

500 m+250 m+250 m } 1 km500 m+250 m+100 m+100 m+50 m

} 1 km

g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w g pur pdj ;ij

tFg;gpy; Kd;itAq;fs;.

ehd; ghlrhiyf;F tUk;NghJ 1 fpNyh

kPw;wu; 350 kPw;wu; J}uk; tiu ele;J

tUNtd;. gpd;du; ,d;Dk; 3 fpNyhkPw;wu;

450 k Pw ;wu ; J}uj ;ij NgUe ;j py ;

tUNtd;. vdJ tPl ;by ; ,Ue;J

ghlrhiyf;Fs;s J}uk; vt;tsT?

khztUld; fye;Jiuahb> mtu;fsJ

cjtpAld; gpurpdj;ijg; gpd;tUk;

tpjkhf vOjp tpiliaf; fhZq;fs;.

km mele;JtUk; J}uk; } 1 350NgUe;jpy; tUk; J}uk; } 3 450tPl;bypUe;J ghlrhiyf;Fs;s

J}uk; } 4 800

mjd;gb tP;l;by; ,Ue;J ghlrhiyf;F

cs;s J}uk; 4 fpNyhkPw;wu; 800 kPw;wu;

MFk;.mjid 4km 800m vd;wthW

vOJk; tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

gpurpdj;ij Kd;itj;J khztuJ

cjtpAld; vOjpj; jPu ;f ;f topg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

2 km 750 m 4 km 500 m +1 km 500 m - 2 km 750 m

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


eprhk; ghlrhiy tpl;lJk; khkpapd;

tPl;Lf;Fr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

mtdJ tPl;bypUe;J ghlrhiy 2km850m J}uj;jpy; cs;sJ.

ghlrhiyapy; ,Ue;J khkpapd; tPL

3k 500m J}uj;jpy; cs;sJ.

mtd; gazk; nra;aNtz;ba

nkhj;jj; J}uk; vt;tsT?

xg;gil ml;ilfis FOf;fs;

,ilNa khw;wpf;nfhz;L gpurpde;

jPu;g;gjpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

FOf ;fs pilNa fye ;Jiu -

ahlYf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

tpilfis Nrhjpj;J mtw;iwr;

rPu;nra;Jnfhs;s topfhl;Lq;fs;.

xt;nthU gpurpdj;Jf;Fkhd jPu;it

xt;nthU FOtplKk; tprhupj;J

mit jtwhapUf;Fkhapd; rPu;nra;-

tjw;F cjTq;fs;.


khztu;fs; gpurpde; j Pu ;f ;Fk;

nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ

FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W mtjhdp

Aq;fs;. Njitahd cjtpfis

toq;Fq;fs;.

ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5 cWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpcWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpcWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpcWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rpcWjpg;gLj;Jk; gapw;rp

ghlk; 4 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;lJ Nghd;w rpy

gpurpdq;fisj; ; jPu ;g ;gjw;Fk; top-

fhl;Lq;fs;.

ghlE}ypy; nghUj;jkhd gapw;rpfspy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

Kd ;nfhz;Lnry ;Yk ;NghJ 1000

kPw;wu; = 1 fpNyhkPw;wuhf khWk;

tpjj;ijAk; kPz;Lk; nfhz;LtUk;

NghJ 1 fpNyhkPw;wu; 1000 kPw;wuhf

khWk; vd;gijAk; NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l

vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; tpsf;Fq;fs;.


khztiu ehd;F FOf;fshf

mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xt;nthU

xg;gil ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.

ePu;nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J rpyhgj;Jf;F

cs;s J}uk; 40km 750m MFk;.

r pyhgj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J kq ;fs

vypaTf;F cs;s J}uk; 32km 150mMFk;.

e Pu ;nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J kq;fs

vypaTf;F cs;s J}uk; vt;tsT?

epkypd; tPl;by; ,Ue;J ghlrh

iyf;Fs;s J}uk; 2km 800m MFk;.

mtd; 900m J}uj;ij ele;Jk; kPjpj;

J}uj;ij NgUe;J tz;bapYk;

tUthd;. mtd; NgUe;J tz;bapy;

gazk; nra;Ak; J}uk; vt;tsT?

rhe;jpapd; tPl;bypUe;J> mts;

jw;NghJ nry;Yk; ghlrhiyf;Fs;s

J}uk; 2km 400m MFk;.

mts ; 6 Mk ; juj ;Jf ; f hf

nry ;yNtz ;ba ghlrhiy

tPl;bypUe;J 4km 750m J}uj;jpy;

cs;sJ.

6 Mk; tFg;Gf;Fr; nrd;wgpd; mts;

Nkyjpfkhfr; nry;yNtz;ba J}uk;

vt;tsT?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis

5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.5 tiuapyhd vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.

tFj;jy; 1tFj;jy; 1tFj;jy; 1tFj;jy; 1tFj;jy; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

8 8 8 8 8


³ tFj;jy; ³ kPjp


³ 5 Mk; thuj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa

ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz


6 ngd ;r py ;fis ,Utu pilNa

rkdhfg ; gfpu ;e ;jhy ; xUtUf;F

vj;jid ngd;rpy;fs; fpilf;Fk;?

15 ,y; vj;jid %d;Wfs; cs;sd?

20 ney;ypf;fdpfis ehy;tupilNa

rkdhfg ; gfpu ;e ;jhy ; xUtUf;F

vj;jid ney;ypf;fdpfs; fpilf;Fk;?

30 khk;goq;fis ez;gu;fspilNa

rkdhfg; gfpu ;e ;J nfhz;lNghJ>

xUtUf;F 5 goq;fs; fpilj;jd.

vj;jid ez;gu;fs; ,Ue;jdu;?

Nkw;Fwpj;jthW 2> 3> 4> 5 Mfpa

vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; kdf;fzpj

tiffs; rpytw;iw khztUf;F

Kd;itAq;fs; . xNu tpiliag;

gy;NtW gbKiwfspdhy; ngWq;fs;.

vz;fis tFg;gjw;F cjtpahfg;

ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag; gad;-

gLj;Jfpd;w tpjj;ij khztUf;F

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lq;fs;.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 203 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 304 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 405 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 506 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 607 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 708 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 809 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90

10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

12 ÷ 2 ,jw;fhd tpilia khztUld;

fye;Jiuahbg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

12 ÷ 2 } 6

ngUf ;fy ; ml ; ltiz xd ;iw

toq;Fq;fs;.

epiu 2 ,y; 12 tiu tpuiyf; nfhz;L

nrd;W 12 ,w;F Neu;NkNy Kjypy;

cs;s vz; vd;dntd;gijg; ghu;g;gjw;F


mjd;gb 12 ,y; ,uz;Lfs; 6 cs;sd.

vdNt

12 ÷ 2 } 6

45 ,y; vj;jid Ie;Jfs; cs;sd?

45 ÷ 5 } 9 vDk ; t piliag ;

ngw ;Wf ;nfhz;L mt ;t piliag ;

ngUf;fy; ml;ltizapd; %yk;

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

5 Mk; epuypy; 45 tiu tpuiyf;

nfhz;Lnrd;W mq;fpUe;J Neu;NkNy

KjyhtJ epuYf;Fr; nry;Yq;fs;.

mq;Fs;s vz; ahJ? 9 MFk;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis

2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.2 MYk;> 5 MYk; tFg;ghu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


vdNt

45 ,y; 9 Ie;Jfs; cs;sd.

45 ÷ 5 } 9

ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziar; rupahfg;

gad;gLj;Jjy; njhlu;ghf khztUf;F

ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk; tiuapy; gy

jlitfs; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gapw;rpfspy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

mLj ;jjhfr ; ru pahf tFglhj

vz;iz Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

37 ,y; vj;jid Ie;Jfs;

cs;sd?

Ie;jpd; epuypy; nry;Yk;NghJ

Kjyp;y; 35 ck; mLj;jjhf

40 ck; tUk;. 35 ,y; 7 Ie;Jfs;

cs;sd.

vdNt tpil 7 ck; kPjp 2 ck;

MFk;.

17 ,y; vj;jid ,uz;Lfs;

cs;sd?

16 ,y; 8 ,uz;Lfs; cs;sd?

vdNt tpil 8 ck; kPjp 1 ck;

MFk;.

,f ;fzf ;iff ; fUk ; gyifa py ;

vOJq;fs;.

468 ÷ 2 vd;gij gpd;tUk; tpjkhf

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gbKiw 1.gbKiw 1.gbKiw 1.gbKiw 1.gbKiw 1.

468 ,y; 4 E}Wfs; cs;sd. 4

E }Wfis ,uz ;L rkkhd

Ft pay ;fshf tFj ;j hy ; xU

Ftpaypy; 2 E}Wfs; ,Uf;Fk;.


468 ,y; 6 gj;Jf;fs; cs;sd. 6

gj ;Jf ; fis ,uz ;L rkkhd

Ftpay;fshf tFj;jhy; xU Ftpaypy;

3 gj;Jf;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.


468 ,y; xd;Wfs; 8 cs;sd. 8

xd ;Wf ; fis ,U rkdhd

Ftpay;fshf tFj;jhy; xU Ftpaypy;

4 ,Uf;Fk;.

tFf ;Fk ;NghJ ,lJgf ;f Kjy ;

,yf;fj ;j py ; njhlq;f Ntz;Lk ;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;. (kw;iwa fzpj

nra;iffs; Nghy; xd;wpdplj;jpy;

,Ue;J my;y.)

,q;F 4 ,y; vj;jid ,uz;Lfs;

cs;sd? 231tpil 2. 2 462(4 ,w;F NkNy 2 I 4vOJq;fs;.) 066 ,y; vj;jid ,uz;Lfs; 6cs;sd? 02tpil 3. 2(6 ,w;F NkNy 3 I 0vOJq;fs;.)

,y; vj;jid ,uz;Lfs;

cs;sd?

tpil 1.

(2 ,w;F NkNy 1 I vOJq;fs;.)

462 ÷ 2 } 231

,g;NghJ ,f;fzf;if tpsf;Fq;fs;.

2 129

64 2 129 12

09 8 1

129 ÷ 2 } 64 kpFjp 1

jPu;g;Nghk;.1& ngl ;bnahd ;w py ; 5 ,wg ; g u ;

ge ;Jfis mLf;fyhk; . mt;-

thwhd 520 ge;Jfis mLf;F-

tjw;F vj;jid ngl;bfs; Njit?

104 5 520

502 0 20 20 0

129÷2 ,y; 129 ,y; 1 E}Wfs;

cs;sd. E}Wfshf ,uz;L

rkdhd Ftpay;fshf tFf;f

KbahJ. vdNt 12 gj;Jf;fis

,uz;L rkdhd Ftpay;fshf

tFf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;. 129 ,y; 9

xd ;Wf ;fs ; cs ;sd. 9

xd;Wf;fs; rkdhd ,uz;L

Ftpay;fshf tFj;jhy; xU

Ftpaypy; 4 ck; 1 kPjKk;

MFk;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


mLf;Ftjw;Fj; Njitahd

ngl;bfspd; vz;zpf;if 104.

mtrpankdpd; ,d;Dk; rpy vLj;Jf;-

fhl;Lf;fisr; nra;Jfhl;Lq;fs;.



FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt ; nthUtUf ;Fk ; ,uz ;L

fzf;Ffs; tPjk; toq;fp mtw;iwj;

jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij kw;iwa khz-

tUf;F tpsf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

2 146 2 175 2 158 5 78 2 512 5 855

gpd;tUk; gpurpdq;fis xt;nthU

khztUf;Fk; $wp mjidj; jPu;f;Fk;

tpjj;ij Vida ,U khztUf;Fk;

$WkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

1. xU ghlrhiyapy; 638 gapw;rpf;

nfhg ;g pfs ; khztu ;fSf;Fg ;

gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl;ld. xUtUf;F 2

nfhg;gpfs; fpilj;jjhapd; ghl-

rhiyapy ; ,Ue ;j khztu ;

njhif vt;tsT?

2. xU tpohtpd;NghJ xU gps;isf;F

5 tPjk; 738 kpl;lha;fisg; gfpu;e;J

nfhLj ;j g pd ;du ; 3 k Pjkhf

,Ue;jJ. kpl;lha;fisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhz;l gps;isfs; njhif

vt;tsT?


³ tFj;jy; ³ kPjp


³ ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz


Kjyhk; Mk; ghlj;jpy; cs;sthW

kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis khztUf;F

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vz;fis tFg;gjw;Fg; ngUf;fy;

ml ;ltiziag ; gad ;gLj ;JtJ

vt;thW vd khztUf;F epid-

T+l;Lq;fs;.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 102 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 203 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 304 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 405 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 506 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 607 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 708 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 809 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 9010 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis 3> 4 Mfpa3> 4 Mfpa3> 4 Mfpa3> 4 Mfpa3> 4 Mfpa

vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwvz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwvz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwvz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwvz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg;idg;idg;idg;idg; ngWthu;. ngWthu;. ngWthu;. ngWthu;. ngWthu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

12 ,y; vj;jid ehd;Ffs; cs;sd?

12 tiuapy; epiu 4 ,y; tpuiyf;

nfhz;Lnrd;W 12 ,w;F NkNy KjyhtJ

epiuapy; cs;s vz;izf; fhz;gpf;f

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

^vz; 3&vdNt 12÷4=3

4x3=12 rupahdJ vd;gij ,dq;fhz

KbAk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

18 ÷ 3 vj;jid?

18 tiu epiu 3 ,y; tpuiyf;

nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.

mLj;J NeNu NkNy KjyhtJ

epiuf;Fr; nry;Yq;fs;.

vz; ahJ? mJ 6 MFk;.

vdNt 18÷3=66x3=18 rupnad;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.


gad;gLj;Jjy; njhlu;ghf khztUf;F

ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk; tiuapy; ,jid

rpy jlitfs; nra;Aq;fs;.

ru pahf tFglhj vz; xd ;iw

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf vLq;fs;.

37 ,y; vj;jid ehd;Ffs; cs;sd?

4 ,d; epiu topNa nrd;why; 36 ck;

40 ck; ngwg;gLk;.

40> 36 I tpl mjpfkhdJ> 36> 37 I

tplf; FiwthdJ.

mjd;gb 36÷4=9 kpFjp 1.vdNt 36÷4=94x9=36 rupahdnjd;gij cWjpg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

,g;NghJ gpd;tUk; gpurpdnkhd;iw

khztUf;F Kd;itAq;fs;.

Nkw;rl;ilnahd;Wf;F 4 nghj;jhd;fs;

tPjk; 627 nghj;jhd;fis vj;jid

Nkw;rl;ilfSf;Fg; nghUj;j KbAk;?

vj ;jidg ; nghj ;jhd ;fs ; vQ ;r p

apUf;Fk;?

jPu;g;Nghk;.

156 4 627

42220 27 24 3

nghj;jhd; nghUj;jf;$ba Nkw;rl;ilfspd;

njhif = 156vQ;rpapUf;Fk; nghj;jhd;fs; = 3


g pd ;tUk; tFj;jy; fzf;Ffis

mt;thNw gbKiwfspd;gb nra;


3 147 4 172 5 45

3 76 4 514 5 158

mt;thNw gpd;tUk; Nfhyj;ijf;

fhz;gjw;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

6 60 6004 24 4 240 4 2400

jPUq;fs;.

1. Ftpanyhd;wpy; 336 md;dhrpg;

goq;fs; cs;sd. mit %d;W

ngl;bfspy; rkdhf mLf;fg;

gl;ld. xU ngl;bapy; ,Uf;Fk;

md;dhrpg;goq;fs; vj;jid?

2. Fo pnahd ;w py ; 4 ghfw ;fha ;

tpijfs; tPjk; 736 tpijfis

eLtjw ;F vj ;jid Fopfs ;

Njit?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 2> 3> 4> 5

Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fspdhy; tFf;Fk; jpwidg; ngWthu;.



³ xg;gil ml;il.


,yFthd tFj ;jy ; mlq ;f pa

kdf;fzpj gpurpdq;fs; rpytw;iw


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

20 ÷ 2 tpil vd;d?

18 ÷ 4 vj;jid vQ;rpapUf;Fk;?

12 ÷ 3 tpil vd;d?

MrpupaUf;Fj; jPu;T fhzNtz;ba

gpurpdnkhd;W ,Ug;gjhfTk; mjid

tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjhfTk; $Wq;fs;.

g p ur pdj ;ij Kd ;itj ;J mij

xt;nthUtUk; thrpg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

khyh jdJ gpwe ;j ehSf;fhf

ghlrhiyf;F 183 kpl;lha;fs; nfhz;L

te;jhs;. xt;nthUtUf;Fk; 5 kpl;lha;

t P jk ; nfhLf ; f Ntz ;Lk ; .

183 kpl;lha;fis xUtUf;F Ie;J

tPjk; vj;jid khztUf;F nfhLf;f

KbAk;?

gpurpdj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lhu;fsh

vd mwpe;Jnfhs;s rpy tpdhf;fis

tpdTq ;fs ; . 183 k pl ;lha ;fis

xUtUf;F 5 tPjk; 36 NgUf;Ff;

nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztu;

tpsq;fpf;nfhz;l gpd;du; Kd;tUk;

khztUf;Fj; jPu;g;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

36 5 183 15

3330 3

183 kpl ;lha ;fis 36 NgUf;Fk;

xt;nthUtUf;Fk; 5 tPjk; nfhLf;f-

yhk; vd;gijAk; 3 kpl;lha; kPjkhf

,Uf;Fk; vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

3 318 tFj;jy; nraw;ghl;il gbKiw

gbKiwahf tpsf;Ftjw;F Kd;tUk;


1063 318

301 0 18 18 0

gbKiw 1gbKiw 1gbKiw 1gbKiw 1gbKiw 1

318 ,y; cs;s E}Wfis 3 rkdhd

Ftpay;fshf;fpdhy; xU Ftpaypy; 1

E}Wfs; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.


xU gj;Jf;fs; cs;sjhy; mij rkdhd

3 Ftpay;fshf;f KbahJ. mt;thW

tFj;jhy; 1 kPjkhFk;. vdNt 0 vOj

Ntz;Lk;.

gj;Jf;fs; xd;iw mg;gbNa tFf;f

Kbahjjhy; mjid xd;Wf;fsplk;

nfhz;L nry;tij tpsf;Fq;fs;.


,g;NghJ 18 xd;Wfs; cs;sd. mjidr;

rkdhd 3 Ftpay;fs; Mf;fpdhy; xU

Ftpaypy; 6 vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

%tpyf;fk; nfhz;l vz;iz 4 My;

tFf;Fk; gpurpdnkhd;iw Kd;itj;Jj;

jPu;g;gjw;fhf khztUf;F re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J




FOf;fshf;fp> gpd;tUtd Nghd;w

xg;gilal;ilfs; xt;nthd;iw

toq;Fq;fs;.

1& 810 ÷ 3 1& 184 ÷ 4

2& 432 ÷ 3 2& 508 ÷ 4

3& 303 ÷ 3 3& 920 ÷ 4

4& 718 ÷ 3 4& 268 ÷ 4

xt;nthUtUf;Fk; xU gpurpdj;ijj;

jPu;g;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

jhk; gpurpde; jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij

Vida khztUf;F tpsf;FkhW

$Wq;fs;. khztupilNa fw;wY-

f;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

NkYk; rpy tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fis

Kd;itj;J khztu; cjtpAld;

tFj;jiy tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

4 489 3 905 3 391

Njitahapd; ngUf;fy; ml;l-

tiz> Bd;];;; fl;ilfs; Nghd;w-

tw;wpd; cjtpAld; tFj;jiy

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

khztiu 7 Ngu;nfhz;l FOf;f-

shf;Fq;fs;.

g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w xg ;gil-

nahd;iwf; FOf;fSf;F toq;F-

q;fs;.

xg;gil ml;ilxg;gil ml;ilxg;gil ml;ilxg;gil ml;ilxg;gil ml;il

185 243 690

516

Nky;tUk; vz;fis 2" 3" 4 kw;Wk;;5 Mfpa vz;fshy; tFq;fs;.

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l Xu; vz;iz 2> 3>

4 kw;Wk; 5 My; tFg;gjw;F

xt;nthU khztDf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk;

toq ;Fq ;fs ; . NkYk ; nra ;j

fzf;Ffs; gw;wp Vida khzt

Uld; fye;JiuahlTk;> tpilfs;

ru pahdit vd;gijj; njspT

gLj;jTk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU gpurpdj;ijAk; thrpf;f

Tk;> jPu;g;gjw;fhd gbKiwfisf;

fhzTk ; xt ;nthUtUf ;Fk ;

re;ju ;g ;gk; mspAq;fs;. ehd;F

khztUf;Fk; mt;thwhd re;ju;g;

gj;ij toq;Fq;fs;. xd;W$bf;

fye;Jiuahbg; gpurpid jPu;g;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


vjpu;ghu;j;j milit mz;kpf;f

Kbahj khztUf;fhf ,yFthd

gapw ;r pfisj ; jahu pj ;J Kd;

itAq;fs;.

vjpu;ghu;j;j milit tpiutpy;

mile;j khztUf;F rthy;fSld;

$ba gpurpdq;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:Rw ;whlypRw ;whlypRw ;whlypRw ;whlypRw ;whlypw ;w ;w ;w ;w ; fhZ fhZ fhZ fhZ fhZf pd ; wf pd ; wf pd ; wf pd ; wf pd ; w nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J nghUs;fspy ; ,Ue ;J

nrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplnrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplnrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplnrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplnrq;Nfhzj;;ij tplg;g ;g ;g ;g ; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg; ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisg;

gpupj;jwpthu;.gpupj;jwpthu;.gpupj;jwpthu;.gpupj;jwpthu;.gpupj;jwpthu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : nrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisnrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisnrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisnrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fisnrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl ngupa> rpwpa Nfhzq;fis

NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. NtWgLj;jp mwpthu;. jpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpujpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpujpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpujpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpujpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;fzpj jstbtq;fsJk;

gz;Gfis gz;Gfis gz;Gfis gz;Gfis gz;Gfis tptupg;ghu;.tptupg;ghu;.tptupg;ghu;.tptupg;ghu;.tptupg;ghu;.

jpz;kq;fs;> jstbtq;fs;> Nfhzq;fs; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

9 9 9 9 9


³ nrq;Nfhzk;

³ nrq;Nfhzj;ijtplg ; ngu pa

Nfhzk;

³ nrq;Nfhzj;ij tplr; rpwpa

Nfhzk;.


³ gpd;tUk; tpjkhf fljhrpapy;

ntl;lg;gl;l (nrq;Nfhz %iy)

nrq ;Nfhzj ;ijf ; nfhz ;l

Kf;Nfhzp xt;nthU khztUf;Fk;

mtrpakhFk;.

³

A 4 fljhr p 5,y; khztu ;

40 NgUf;Fg; NghJkhd Kf;

Nfhzpfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s

yhk;.


khztiu vOe;J cq;fis Nehf;fpj;

jpUk;Gk;gb $Wq;fs;. gpd;du; fjit

Nehf;fpathW ,Uf;Fk;gb> jpUk;Gk;gb

$Wq;fs;. mtu;fs; Nfhznkhd;wpy;

j pUk ;g p ,Uf;f pwhu ;fs ; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs; . ,g ;NghJ ad;dy;

my;yJ tFg;gpYs;s Fwpg;gpl;l NtW

,lq;fs; Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gk;gb $wp>

mtu;fs; ,d;ndhU Nfhzj;jpy;

jpUk;gpapUg;gjhff; $Wq;fs;.

jpUk;gTk; xU jlit jpUk;Gk;gb $wp>

mtu;fs; ,d;DnkhU Nfhzj;jpy;

jpUk;gpapUg;gjhff; $Wq;fs;.

xU khztiu Kd;dhy; mioj;J>

Kd;Ndhf;fp epw;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

gpd;du; tyJ gf;fk; jpUk;GkhW

$Wq;fs;.

kPz;Lk; tyJ gf;fk;> kPz;Lk; tyJ

gf;fk;> NkYk; tyJ gf;fk; jpUk;GkhW

$Wq;fs;. (ePq;fs; Kjypy; epd;wJ

NghyNt epw;gPu;fs;.)

xU jlit jpUk;Gk;NghJ Kd;te;j

khztd; tl;lj;jpd; fhy;gFjpf;Fj;

jpUk;Gtij tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

k hztd ; j pUk ; g pa Nfhzk ; >

nrq ; Nfhzk ; vd ; gij e pidT

gLj;Jq;fs;.

nrq;Nfhzj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf

Nkirapd ; %iy> tFg ;g pYs ;s

%iyfisf; fhz;gpAq;fs;. cq;fs;

tpuy; / jb / Neu;tpspk;G vd;gtw;iw

xU tpspk;gpy; ,Ue;J nrq;Nfhzkhf

kW tpspk;Gf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.

(gpd;tUk; cUtpy; A Kjy; B tiu)

,J xU nrq;Nfhzk;

vd;gij khztUf;F

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

BA

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


tFg ; giwa py ; cs ;s xU

cgfuzj ;ijNah> ,lj ;ijNah

Mjhukhff; nfhz;L nrq;Nfhzj;ij

tplr; rpwpa Nfhzj;ij mwpKfg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

,Nj tpjkhf nrq;Nfhzj;ij tplg;

ngupa Nfhzj;ijAk; ,dq;fhz


g pu p] ;ly ; fljhr pa py ; g pd ;tUk ;

cUtq;fis ntl;b khztUf;Ff;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

fljhr pia kbj ;J nrq ;Nfhz

%iyia mikf;Fk; khjpupiar;

nra;Jfhl;Lq;fs;.

,r;nrq;Nfhzq;fspd; cjtpAld;

nrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl

ngupa Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij tpl

rpwpa Nfhzk; vd;gtw;iw ,dq;fhz

khztu ; r pyUf ;Fr ; re ;ju ; g ; gk ;

toq;Fq;fs;.


tFg;G khztiu Itu; my;yJ

mWtu ; nfhz;l FOf ;fshf

xOq;fikj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fljhr pa py ; ntl ; lg ; gl ; l

nrq ;Nfhzj;Jld;$ba %iy

my;yJ fljhrpj; Jz;il kbj;J

nra;ag;gl;l nrq;Nfhz %iy

xt;nthU gps;isaplKk; ,Uj;jy;

mtrpakhFk;.

FOthf ,ize;J nrq;Nfhzk;

cs;s ,lq;fis $ba tiuapy;

Njbaw pe ;J nfhs ;tjw ; f hf >

tFg ; giwa py ; cs ;s NtW

nghUl;fSld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;g;gjw;F>

nrq ;Nfhz %iyiag ; gad ;

gLj;JkhW khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.

(nghUs;fspd; xU gf;fj;Jf;F

rkhe ; j ukhf jahu p f ; fg ; gl ; l

nrq;Nfhzj;ij xU gf;fkhf

itj;J Nfhzj;ij xg;g pl ;Lg ;

ghu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.)

nrq;Nfhzj;Jldhd nghUs;fis

gl ;baw ; gLj ;JkhW xt ;nthU

FOTf;Fk; $Wq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:ad;dy; %iy> ad;dy; fjT

Gj;jfj;jpd; %iy

3 kzp my;yJ 9 kzpapd;NghJ

fbfhu Ks; ,Uf;Fk; Nfhzk;.

nrq ;Nfhzj;ij tplg ; ngu pa

my;yJ mijtplr; rpwpa msthd

Nfhzq;fs; gw;wpAk; Nehf;FkhW

$Wq;fs;. tFg;giwapy; my;yJ

ntspNa ,f;Nfhzq;fs; ,Uf;Fk;

,lj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;. vLj;Jf;

f hl ; l hf $iur ; ryhifa py ;

nrq;Nfhzj;ij tplg;ngupa my;yJ

rpwpa Nfhzq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L

,Uf;Fk;.

nrq ;Nfhzj;ij tplg ; ngu pa

my;yJ r pw pa Nfhzq;fspd ;

gl;bay; xd;iwj; jahupf;FkhW

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; $Wq;fs;.


nrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ijtpl

ngupa Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ij

tplr; rpwpa Nfhzk; mike;Js;s

,lq;fs;> nghUs;fs; rpytw;iwg;

ngau; Fwpg ;gjw;Fk; ; > fhl;lTk;

FOf;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;

Fq;fs;.

,f;Nfhzk;

nrq;Nfhzj;ij

tplg; ngupaJ.nrq;Nfhzj;ij

tplr; rpwpaJ.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.nrq;Nfhzj;ij tiuthu;.



³ nrq;Nfhzk;


³ A4 fljhrp

³ vspa tpspk;Gs;s kuf;fPyk; /

nrd;upkPw;wu; Nfhy;.

³ jbg;ghd fljhrpfspy; ntl;lg;gl;l>

nrq;Nfhzj;Jld;$ba gpd;tUk;

tpjkhd tbtk;.

³ fUk;gyifapd; gpw ;gFjpapy ;

,Uf;ff;$ba rJuf; Nfhyq;fs;

kw;Wk; rJuq;fs; nfhz;l ngupa

fljhrp.


Kd;ida ghlj;jpy; mwpe;Jnfhz;l

nrq;Nfhzk;> nrq;Nfhzj;ijtpl

rpwpa> ngupa Nfhzq;fs; mlq;fpa

nghUs; / jstbtk; gw;wp khztUld;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

jbg;ghd fljhrpapy; ntl;lg;gl;l

nrq;Nfhzk; mlq;fpa jstbtq;fis

(tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tbtq;fs;)

khztUf;Ff ; fhl ;b> mtw ;w pd ;

%iyfs; gw;wpf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

fUk;gyifapy; my;yJ khztUf;Fj;

njupaf;$batpjkhf njhq;ftplg;gl;l

fljhrpapy; mt;tbtq;fis itj;J

mtw;wpd; tpspk;Gfspd;> Clhfr;

nrq;Nfhzk; tiuAk; tpjj;ijr;

nra;J fhl;Lq;fs;.

mt ;tbtq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;

gy;NtW tpjkhf nrq;Nfhzq;fs;

tiua KbAk; vd;gijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

rJuq;fs; nfhz;l fljhrpnahd;iwf;

fUk;gyifapy; njhq;ftpl;L my;yJ

fUk ; gyifa py ; cs ;s rJuf ;

Nfhyq;fs;> Neu;tpspk;G vd;gtw;iwg;

gad ; gLj ; j p ,uz ;L NfhLfs ;

xd;iwnahd;W re ;j pg ;gJ Nghy;

(epiyf;Fj;jhfTk; fpilahfTk;)

rJuq;fspd; kPJ tiutjd; thapyhf

nrq ; Nfhznkhd ;iw tiuAk ;

tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

nrq ;Nfhzk; mlq;f pa gy ;NtW

,yFthd tbtq;fs; tiua KbAk;

vd;gijAk; fhl;Lq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU

FOTf;Fk; tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;

gl;Ls;sthW jstbtk; xd;W /Neu;tpspk;G / nky;ypa Xuq;fs;

mlq ;f pa kuf ;f Pyk ; > kw ;Wk ;

fljhrpnahd;Wk; toq;Fq;fs;.

nrq;Nfhz tbtj;ijg; gad;

gLj ;j p > jug ;gl ;l fljhr pa py ;

mike;Js;s nrq;Nfhzk; xd;iw

tiutjw;F mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

rJuf ; Nfhbl ;l fljhr pa py ;

Neu ;t ps pk ;igg ; gad ; gLj ;j p >

nrq ;Nfhzk; cs;s gy ;NtW

tbtq;fis tiutjw;F topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.


Neu ;t ps pk ;igg ; gad ; gLj ; j p

khztu;fsJ rJuj;jhs; mg;gpahrg;

Gj;jfj;jpd; nrq;Nfhzk; kw;Wk;

nrq;Nfhzk; nfhz;l tbtq;fis

tiutjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

nrq ;Nfhzk ; kw ;Wk ; Vida

tbtq ;fis tiuAk ; NghJ >

tpspk;gpd; Xukhf rupahd tpjj;jpy;

ngd;rpiyg; gad;gLj;jpf; NfhL

tiutjw ;F to pfhl ;Lq ; fs ; .

Njitg;gLk; khztUf;F cjtp

toq;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fspdJk;

mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.

ghlk; 3> 4ghlk; 3> 4ghlk; 3> 4ghlk; 3> 4ghlk; 3> 4


³ Kfq;fs; (jl;ilahd)

³ tise;j Nkw;gug;G


³ Nfj;jpu fzpj jstbtq;fs;>

(rJuk;> nrt;tfk;> Kf;Nfhzp>

tl;lk;)

³ jpz;kq;fs; (rJuKfp> fdTU>

cUis> ehd;Kfp)


rJunkhd;iwf; fhz;gpj;J> mt;tbtk;

ahnjd khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

mjd; gz;Gfisf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

nrt;tfj;jpd; gz;Gfisg; gw;wpAk;

mt ;thNw fye ;JiuahLq ;fs ; .

rJuj ;j pw ;Fk ; nrt;tfj ;j pw ;Fk ;

,ilNa cs;s NtWgl;l gz;Gfis

vLj;Jf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

Kf;Nfhzp> tl;lk; Mfpa tbtq;fspd;

gz;Gfisf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

j pz;kq ;fspd ; gz;Gfis ,dq;

fhz ; gjw ;F > KO tFg ; Gf ;Fk ;

nju paf ;$basT XusT ngu pa

rJuKfpnahd;iw (jahupf;fg;gl;lJ)

Mrpupaupd; Nkirapy; itAq;fs;.

khztu; xUtiu Kd;dhy; te;J>

mg ; ngl ; bia vLj ;J rfy

khztUf;Fk ; nju paf ;$bathW

xt;nthU gf;fj;jpw ;Fk; jpUg;gpf ;

fhl;LkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mtjhdpj;jjd; gpd;du;> khztUld;

mijg;gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

vy;yhg; gf;fq;fSk; rJunkdTk;>

vy;yhg; gf;fq;fSk; rknddTk;

mj;jpz;kk; rJuKfprJuKfprJuKfprJuKfprJuKfp vd;W miof;fg;

gLk; vdTk; fye;Jiuahly; %yk;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


rJuKfpapd; gz;Gfs; gw;wp NkYk;

tpsf;Ftjw;F mjd; xUgf;fj;Jf;Fr;

rkdhd rJu tbtnkhd;iw ntl;bf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjidr; rJuKfpapd;

xt;nthU gf;fj;JlDk; xg;gpl;L>

gf;fq;fs; ahTk; rkdhdit vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

rJuKfpf;F 6 Kfq;fs; cz;L vdTk;

mk;Kfq;fs; rJu tbtkhdit

vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

,JNghd;W fdTU> cUis> ehd;Kfp

Nghd;w jpz;kq;fspdJk; mbg;gilg;

gz;Gfis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.


khztiuf ; FOf ;fshf ; f p >

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; Nfj;jpu

fzpj jstbtq ;fs ; kw ;Wk ;

jpz;kq;fs; mlq;fpa njhFjp-

nahd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

xt ; nthU jstbtj ;ijAk ; >

jpz;kj;ijAk; ed;F mtjhdpj;J>

mtw;wpd; gz;Gfisg; gapw;rpg ;

Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf;nfhs;SkhW

$Wq;fs;.

xt;nthU jpz;kq;fsJk; xj;j

jd;ik> NtWgl;l jd;ikfis

,dq; fhz;gjw;F khztiu topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.


gpd;tUk; tpjkhf khztu;fsplk;

tpdhf;fis tpdtp> jpz;kq;fs;>

Nfj ;j pu fzpj jstbtq;fs ;

vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilg; gz;Gfis

rupahf tpsf;Ffpd;whu;fsh vd;gij


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

rJuKfpf;F vj;jid Kfq;fs;

cs;sd?

ehd ;F Kfq;fisf; nfhz;l

jpz;kk; ahJ?

tl;l Kfq;fisf; nfhz;l jpz;kk;

ahJ?

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: fpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jpfpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jpfpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jpfpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jpfpilj;jsq;fs;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fis NtWgLj;jp

,dq;fhz;ghu;.,dq;fhz;ghu;.,dq;fhz;ghu;.,dq;fhz;ghu;.,dq;fhz;ghu;.



³ fpil

³ epiyf;Fj;J

³ jl;il


³ rJuKfp

³ fdTU

³ rJuKf p my ;yJ fdTU

tbtpyhd ngl;b

³ ePUld;$ba xNu mstpyhd

,uz;L xsp CLGF ghj;jpuq;fs;.


Kjy; ghlj;jpy; fw;w> jpz;kq;fspd;

gz;GfSf;Nfw;w rpy tpdhf;fis

tpdhTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fdTU xd;wpw;F vj;jid Kfq;fs;

cs;sd?

cUis xd;wpw;F vj;jid tl;l tbt

Kfq;fs; cs;sd?

rJu tbthd 6 Kfq;fs; nfhz;l

jpz;kk; ahJ?

ehd;Kfp xd;wpw;F vj;jid Kfq;fs;

cs;sd? vj ;jid tpspk ;Gfs;

cs;sd?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nkw ; g ug ;ig mw pe ;Jnfhs ;s

rkjsKs;s> rkjskw;w Nkw;gug;Gs;s

rpy nghUs;fis toq;fp> mtw;wpd;

gf;fq;fisj; jltpg; ghu;g;gjhYk;>

Nr hj p g ; gjdhYk ; jl ;ilahd

Nkw;gug;ig mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

ngl;b> rJuKfp> cUis> Nghj;jy;.

xNu msthd ,uz;L xsp CLGF

ghj;jpuq;fspy; jz;zPiur; rk msthf

Cw ;Wq ;fs ; . xNu kl ; lj ; j py ;

ghj;jpuq;fis itj;Jj; jz;zPu; kl;lk;

xNu msthf ,Ug;gijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

xsp CLGF ghj;jpuj;jpy; ePiur;

rpwpJ Cw;Wq;fs;. ghj;jpuj;ij

mq;F kpq;Fk; jpUg;Gtjd; %yk;

vg;NghJk; ePu; fpilj;jsj;jpy;

mike ;j pUf ;Fk ; vd ; gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

NkNyAs;s ePupd; kl;lk; mike;Js;s

jsk ; f pilj ; jsk ; vd ; gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

jpz;kq;fs; kw;Wk; tFg;giwf;Fs;Sk;

ntspNaAk; cs;s cgfuzq;fisf;

nfhz;L fpilj;jsj;ij ,dq;fhz


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

cl;$iu> khbf;fl;blq;fspYs;s

fpilj;jsk;> Mrpupa Nkirg; gyif

Nghd;w ,lq;fis mtjhdpg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

Mrpupa Nkirapy; (fpilj;jsj;jpy;)

rJuKf p / fdTU my ;yJ

mNjNghd;W ngupa ngl;bnahd;iw

itAq;fs;.

mt;thW itj;jNghJ rJuKfpapd;

f pilj ; jsk ; vJntd ,dq ;

fhz;gjw;F khztUf;F re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;. fpilj;jsj;ij mwpKfk;

nra;jJ NghyNt epiyf;Fj;Jj;

jsj;ijAk; mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.

epiyf;Fj;Jj;js vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fl;blr;Rtu;> fjTg;gyif> ad;dy;

fjT> Mrpupau; Nkirapd; fhy;fs;.

fpilj;jsk;> epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsk;

my;yhj jsq;fisf; fhz;gpAq;fs;.

(rha;jsk;) mt;thwhd jsq;fs;

fpilj;jskhfNth> epiyf;Fj;Jj;-

jskhfNth my;yhjpUg;gjw;fhd

fhuzk; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

KbAkha pd ; r ha ; jsnkhd ;iw

fpilj;jsNkh> epiyf;Fj;Jj;jsNkh

f pilf ;FkhW itj ;J f pil >

epiyf;Fj ;J njhlu ;ghf NkYk;

tpsf;fk; mspAq;fs;.


khztu ;fisf ; FOf ;fshf ; f p >

tFg;giwapYk; ntspr ;#oypYk;

cs;s epiyf;Fj;Jj;jsk;> fpilj;jsk;

kw ;Wk ; e piyf ;Fj ;Jk ; f pilAk ;

my;yhj nghUs;fis ,dq;fz;L>

gpd;tUk; ml;ltiziag; G+u ;j;jp

nra;a topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Rtu; Nkirg;gyif KfL

''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' $iu

''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''


khztu; fpilj;jsj;ijAk; epiyf;-

Fj;Jj;jsj;ijAk; ,dq;fz;Ls;sij

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; gy;NtW

nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jp epiyf;-

Fj;Jj;jsj;ijAk; fpilj;jsj;ijAk;

fhl;LkhW $Wq;fs;.

epiyf;Fj;Jj;

jsk;

fpilj;jsk;

fpilj;jsNkh>

epiyf;Fj;Jj;

jsNkh

my;yhj jsk;

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; Neuj;ijf;

$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.

fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk; 11111 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

10 10 10 10 10

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:fbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ijfbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ijfbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ijfbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ijfbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; Neuj;ij

thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.thrpg ;ghu ;.



³ fbfhuk;

³ fbfhuKfk;

³ kzpj;jpahy Ks;

³ kzpj;jpahyk;

³ tyQ;Rop

³ vz;Fwpfs;

³ epkpl Ks;

³ epkplk;


³ Nkir kPJ itg;gjw;F Vw;w

rhjhuz fbfhuk;

³ 15cm tpl;lKs;s tl;l tbt

ml;ilfs;

³ 7 cm x ½ cm kw;Wk; 5 cm x 1 cmfdKs;s fljhrpf; fPyq;fs;


khztu ; fSf ;F cz;ikahd

fbfhunkhd ;iwf ; fhl ;Lq ;fs ; .

mtu ; fis 1 ,y pUe ;J 1 2

tiuAs;s vz; Fwpfis thrpg;gw;F

,lkspAq;fs;.

vz;Fwpfspd; mikTfs; gw;wpf ;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

epkpl Ks;isr; rupahd jpirapy;

j pUg ;Gq ;fs ; . ,j ;j pir vt ;thW

miof ;fg ; gLk ; vd khztiu

tpdTq;fs;. (tyQ;Rop> nghJthff;

fbfhuKs; Rw;Wk; jpir vdTk;

$wg;gLk;;.)

epkplKs; 12 ,y; njhlq;fp> KOr;

Rw;nwhd;W nrd;W kPz;Lk; 12 I

milAk ;NghJ vt ;tsT Neuk ;

fope;jpLk; vd khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

(xU kzpj;jpahyk; my;yJ 60 epkplk;

vdf; $wNtz;Lk;.)

Neuj;ij 12 kzpiar; Rl;LkhW

itAq;fs;. fbfhu Kfj;jpy; epkplKs;

xU KOr ; Rw ;W nry ;Yk ; NghJ

kzpj;jpahy Ks; gazk; nry;Yfpd;w

tpjk; gw;wp khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

(mJ 12 ,y; ,Ue;J 1 ,w;Fg; gazk;

nra;jpUf;Fk;.)

kPz;Lk; epkplKs; 12 ,y; ,Ue;J ,U

Rw;Wfs; nry;Yk;NghJ kzpj;jpahy

Ks; gazQ; nra;Ak; tpjk; gw;wp

khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;. xU Rw;W xU

kzpj;jpahyk; vdTk; ,U Rw;Wfs;

,uz;L kzpj;jpahyq;fs; vdTk;

mtu ; fs ; mw pe ;Jnfhs ;tjw ;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mg;NghJ fhl;lg;gLk;

Neuj;ij thrpg;gjw;F mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

Neuj;ij %d;W kzpiar; Rl;LkhW

itj;J epkpl Ks; fbfhuj;ijr; Rw;wp

miur;Rw;W (12 ,y; ,Ue;J 6 tiu)

Rw;wp ,Ue;jhy; kzpj;jpahy Ks;

vq;Nf ,Uf;Fk; vd tpdTq;fs;. mJ

3 ,w;Fk; 4 ,w;Fk; eLtpy; ,Uf;Fk;.

mjid '%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ'%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ'%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ'%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ'%d;W fope ;J Kg ;gJ

epkplk;"epkplk;"epkplk;"epkplk;"epkplk;" vd mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.

,dp Neuj;ij ehd;F kzp Kg;gJ

epkplj;ijr; Rl;LkhW itj;J mjid

vy;yh khztu;fisAk; thrpg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


kzpj;jpahyj;ijAk; miu kzpj;jp

ahyj ;ijAk ; fhl ;Lk ; gy ;NtW

Neuq;fSf;Ff; fbfhuj;ij xOq;F

nra;J Neuj;ij thrpg;gjw;F Kd;tUk;


vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf ,uz;L gj;J> ,uz;L

Kg;gJ> gj;J Kg;gJ Nghd;w Neuq;fs;.


fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;fbfhu Kfj;ijj; jahupj;jy;

xt;nthU khztUf;Fk; tl;l

tbt ml ;ilnahd ;Wk ; ,U

ml;ilf; fPyq;fSk; toq;Fq;fs;.

khztUf;F mtu;fsJ tl;l tbt

ml;ilapd; tpspk;Gf;F mUfpy;

NkNy 12 vDk; vz; Fwpia

vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.

12 Neu; fPNo tpspk;gpw;F mUNf 6

vDk; vz; Fwpia vOJkhW

$Wq;fs;. gpd;du; tyJ gf;fj;jpy;

3 IAk; ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; 9 IAk;

vOJkhW $Wq;fs;. vz;Fwpfspd;

mikTfisf; fhl;Ltjw;Ff; fUk;-

gyifapy; cs;s glj;ijg; gad;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

12

9 3

6

,dp khztuplk; 12 ,w;Fk; 3

,w;Fk; ,ilapy; rkJ}uq;fspy;

1 IAk; 2 IAk; 3 ,w;Fk; 6 ,w;Fk;

,ilapy; 4 IAk; 5 IAk; vOJkhW

$Wq;fs;.

,t;thW fbfhu Kfj;jpy; vy;yh

vz;Fw pfisAk ; vOJtjw ;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fljhrpr; nrUfpia my;yJ <u;f;Fj;

Jz;nlhd ;iw vLj ;J fbfhu

Kfj;jpd; ikaj;jpy; kzpj;jpahy

Ks;> epkpl Ks; (fljhrpf; fPyk;

,uz ;L) Nghd ;W mikj ;Jf ;

nfhs;tjw;F khztiu mwpTWj;-

Jq;fs;.

khztiu Nrhbfshfr; Nru;j;J

xt;nthUtuJ fbfhu Kfj;ijAk;

Nrhjpj;Jg; ghu;f;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

mj py ; Neuk ; xU kzpiaf ;

fhl;LkhW $Wq;fs;.

xU khztd; Neuj;ijf; fhl;l>

kw ;iwa khztd; Neuj ;ijf;

$wNtz;Lk; vd mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

,jid mtu;fspilNa khwpkhwpr;

nra;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

Ntfkhff; fw;Nghu;> fbfhuq;fisj;

jahupj ;J Neuj ;ij thrpj ;jy;

njhlu ; g hd mDgtq ;fisg ;

ngWf pd ; w mNjNtisa py ;

kw;wtu;fSf;F cjtp Njitah

vd;gijf; fz;lwpAq;fs;.


fbfhu Kfj;jpy; xd;Wf;nfhd;W

tpj;jpahrkhd Neuq;fisf; fhl;Lk;

%d;W re;ju;g;gq;fisg; gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfj;jpy; tiue;Jnfhs;sTk;>

me;Neuj;ij vOjTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

11 1

10 2

8 4

7 5

12

6

9 3

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.


tttttsq;fs;sq;fs;sq;fs;sq;fs;sq;fs;

³ cz;ikahd fbfhuk;

³ Kjy; ghlj;jpy; jahupj;j fbfhu

Kfk;

³ 1" 2" 3" '''''''' 12 tiu vz;Fwpfs;

mlq;fpa ml;il.

³ 5" 10" 15" ''''''' 55 tiu vz;Fwpfs;

mlq;fpa ml;il.

³ 'fope;J epkplk;" kw;Wk; '...,w;F

e pk p lk ; " vd vOjg ; gl ; l

ml;ilfs;.

³ ntw;Wg;ghj;jpuq;fs; ,uz;L.


midtUk; Nru;e;J Iite;jhf 60

tiu vz;Zq;fs;.

fbfhu Kfj ;j py ; xt ;nthU

kzpj ;j pahyj ;Jf ;Fk ; xt ;nthU

miukzpj;jpahyj;Jf;Fk; NtWgLk;

Neuq;fs; rpytw;iwf; fhz;gpj;J>

khztiuf; $wr; nra;Aq;fs;.

fbfhu Kfj;jpy; Neuj;ij 6 kzpiar;

Rl;LkhW itAq;fs;.

epkpl Ks;is 12 Kjy; 1 tiu

tyQ;Ropahfr; Rw;Wq;fs; - 5 epkplk;.

2 tiu Rw;Wq;fs; - 10 epkplk;.

3 tiu Rw;Wq;fs;; - 15 epkplk;...

,t;thW 12 tiu jpUg ;Gq ;fs; .

KOikahd tl;lk; 60 epkplq;fshFk;.

nju p e ;Jnfhz ;l ,uz ;L vz ;

FwpfSf;F ,ilapy; epkplKs;is

tyQ;Ropahfr; Rw;Wq;fs;.

gazk; nra;j nkhj;jj ; J}uk ; >

epkplq;fs; vz;zpf;if - 5 MFk;.

mtw;iw vz;zpf; fzf;fpLkhW

$Wq;fs;.

fbfhu Kfj ;j py ; 12 kzpiaf ;

fhl;Lq;fs;. mjid khztu; $wr;

nra;Aq;fs;.

,g;NghJ epkpl Ks;is 1 tiu

nfhz;Lnrd;W> fope ;j Neuk; 5

epkplq;fs; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

me;j Neuk; '12 kzp fope;J 5 epkplk";

vd;gij mwpKfk;; nra;Aq;fs;.

,t ;thW Neuq ;fs ; gytw ;iw

khztiuf; $wr; nra;Aq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

7 kzp fope;J 10 epkplk;

2 kzp fope;J 35 epkplk;

fbfhu Kfj;jpy; Neuk; 6 kzpiar;

Rl;LkhW itAq;fs;. epkplKs;is 11

tUk;tiu jpUg;Gq;fs;. epkplKs; 12

,w;F tUtjw;F Kd;du; 55 epkplq;fs;

cs;sd vd;gij tpsf ;Fq;fs; .

(jpUg ;Gk ;NghJ rpwpa Ks; 7 I

neUq;Fk;.)

,jid ,Utpjkhf thrpf;fyhk;.

6 fope;J 55 epkplk;

7 ,w;F 5 epkplk; vd thrpf;fyhk;.

,uz;Lk; rupahdit.

epkpl Ks;is 10 ,y; itj;J ,jid

kPz;Lk; nra;Aq;fs;. (6 fope ;J

50 epkplk; my;yJ 7 ,w;;Fg; 10 epkplk;)

mjd; gpd;du; 9 vz;Fwpapy; itj;J

,jid kPz;Lk; nra;Aq;fs;. (6 fope;J

45 epkplk; my;yJ 7 ,w;;Fg; 15 epkplk;.)

8 ,y; itj;jhy; (6 fope;J 40 epkplk;

my;yJ 7 ,w;F 20 epkplq;fs;)

7 ,y; itj;jhy; (6 fope;J 35 epkplk;

my;yJ 7 ,w;F 25 epkplq;fs;.)

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J




FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

FOf;fisr; Nrhbfshfg; gpupj;Jg;

Nghl;bnahd;iw tFg;gpy; elj;jg;

Nghtjhff; $Wq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; khjpupf ;

fbfhuk; xd;Wk; (KbAkhapd;

cz ;ikf ; fbfhuk ; ) NkNy

Fw p g ; g p lg ; gl ; l ml ;ilfs ;

njhFjpfSk; ,uz;L ghj;jpuq;

fSk; mtrpakhFk;. KjyhtJ

ghj ;j puj ;j py ; Kjy; ml ;ilj ;

njhFj piaAk ; ,uz ;lhtJ

ghj;jpuj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ ml;ilj;

njhFjpiaAk; ,Lq;fs;.

jj ; jkJ Kiw tUk ; NghJ

KjyhtJ ghj;jpuj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU

ml;ilia vLj;J "fope;J epkplk;"

my;yJ ",w;F epkplk;" vd;wthWvOjg;gl;l ml;ilapd; Kd;dhYk;>

,uz;lhtJ ghj ;j puj ;j py ; xU

ml;ilia vLj;J mjd; fPNo

$wg;gl;l ml;ilapd; gpd;Gwkhf

itf;FkhWk; khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

8 fope;J 20 epkplq;fs;

my;yJ

8 kzpf;F 20 epkplq;fs;

ml;ilfis vLj;j khztu; Nrhb>

Neuk ; vd ;dntd ;gijf ; $w

Ntz;Lk;. mLj;j Nrhb fbfhu

Kfj ; j py ; Kl ; fis cu pa

,lj;Jf ;Fj ; jpUg ;g p Neuj ;ij

itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Kjy; Nrhbapdhy; me;j Neuk;

rupahdjh vd> Nrhjpf;fg;gLjy;

Ntz;Lk;. mJ rupnad Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;gl;lhy; Neuj;ij itj;j

Nrhbf;F 10 Gs;spfs; fpilf;Fk;.

jtwpdhy; mLj;j Nrhbf;F 5

Gs;spfs; fpilf;Fk;.

xt;nthU NrhbAk; fbfhuKfj;jpy;

Neuj;ijr; Rl;Ltjw;F khwpkhwp

tha;g;gpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L> xU

Nrhb 100 Gs;spfs; ngWk;tiuapy;

tpisahLtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


khztu; tpisahb Kbj;j gpd;du;>

jkJ Kiw tUk;NghJ ghj;jpuj;jpy;

,Ue ;J ml ;ilia k Pz ;Lk ;

vLf;FkhW $Wq;fs;. gapw;rpg ;

Gj ;jfj ;j py ; fbfhu Kfj ;ij

tiue ;J > ml ;ila py ; cs ;s

Neuj;ijf; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;LkhW

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

fbfhu Kfj;j py ; fhl ;lg ;gLk ;

Neuj;ijr; nrhw;fspy; vOJtjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;Kw;gfy; my;yJ gpw;gfiyg; gad;gLj;jp Neuj;ijf;

$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .



³ fhiy ³ khiy

³ kj;jpahdk; ³ Kw;gfy;

³ gpw;gfy;


³ cz;ikahd fbfhuk;

³ FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;F mtrpakhd

ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;


gpd;tUtd Nghd;w tpdhf;fis

Kd;itj;J kdjhy; fzf;fpl;L tpil

$w topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fhiy 6 kzpf ;F vOe ;J xU

kzpj ;j pahyj;jpd ; gpd ; czit

cz;Nld;. fhiy czit cz;Zk;

NghJ vj;jid kzp?

NgUe;J tz;bnahd;W Gwg;gl;l miu

kzpj;jpahyj;jpd; gpd; K.g. 11.00

kzpf;F efuj;ij mile;jJ. NgUe;J

tz;b Gwg;gl;l Neuk; vd;d?

11 kzpf;F 1 kzpj;jpahyj;jpd; gpd;G

vj;jid kzp?

khiy 6 fope;J> 2 kzpj;jpahyk;> 30

epkplq;fspd; gpd; Neuk; ahJ?

khztd; xUtidf; nfhz;L fbfhu

Kfg;gpy; 12.00 kzpiar; Rl;bf;fhl;lr;

nra;Aq;fs;.

,q;F fhl;lg;gLk; Neuk; ,uT 12 vd

epidj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk; vdf; $Wq;fs;.

es;spuT 12.00 kzp fope;j gpd;du;

GjpanjhU ehs; cjakhfpwJ vd

khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

Neuj;ij 1.00 kzpahfr; Rl;bf;fhl;bg;>

Gjpa ehspy; xU kzpj;jpahyk; fope;J

tpl;lJ vdTk; mJ Kw;gfy; 1.00 kzp

vdg;gLk; vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Neuk ; Kw ;gfy ; 1 .00 kzp vd


Neuj;ij 2 kzpahf mikj;Jf;

nfhz;L Kw;gfy; 2.00 kzp vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

,t;thW K.g 6.00> K.g 8.30 Nghd;w

Neuq;fs; rpytw;iw khztiuf;

nfhz;L mikj;J> me;Neuq;fisf;


,q;F Kw;gfy; vd;gij K.g. vd

vOjyhk; vd;gijAk; Kd;itAq;fs;.

fbfhuj;jpy; ez;gfy; Neuk; (12.00)

fle;j gpd;> Kw;gfy; epiwtilAk;

vd ; gijAk ; ehs pd ; g p w ; gfy ;

Muk;gkhfpwJ vd;gijAk; njspthf

khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

kPz;Lk; fbfhu Kfg;gpy; Neuj;ij

1.00 kzpahf Rl;bf;fhl;Lq;fs;.

,g;NghJ Neuk; gpw;gfy; 1.00 kzp

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;. fUk;gyifapy;

vOjpf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

,JNghd;Nw gpw;gfy; 3.00> gpw;gfy; 4.30

Nghd;w gpw;gfy; Neuq;fs; rpytw;iw

khztiuf ; nfhz ;L mikj ;J

mjid vOJtjw ;F xOq ;F

nra;Aq;fs;.

gpw;gfy; vd;gij gp.g.gp.g.gp.g.gp.g.gp.g. vd vOJk;gb

$Wq;fs;.

,jd ;gb Neuk ; es ;s puT 12 .00

MFk;NghJ 24 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;

fope;Js;sJ vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

es;spuT 12.00 fope;J 30 epkplk;

MFk;NghJ Neuk; Kw;gfy; 0.30

vd;gijj; njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,uz;lhtJ FOTf;Fg; gpd;tUk;

tpjkhd Neuq;fs; vOjg;gl ;l

ml;ilj; njhFjpia toq;Fq;fs;.

K.g 8.00 gp.g. 2.00

K.g. 10.00 gp.g. 6.00

ez;gfy; 12.00

xt;nthU khztDk; xt;nthU

ml;ilia vLj;J mjpy; Fwpg;gpl;l

Neuj ;Jf ;Fj ; jhd ; nra ;f pd ;w

Ntiyiaf; $Wtjw;F re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

K.g. 7'00 ghlrhiy nry;fpNwd;.

mjd; gpd; ,uz;L FOf;fspdJk;

ml;ilfis khw;wpf ; nfhz;L

nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.


g pd ;tUk ; ml ; ltiziag ;

gpujpnra;J> xt;nthU rk;gtq;-

fisAk; vOjpg; G+u;j;jp nra;AkhW

$Wq;fs;.

Kw;gfypy; gpw;gfypy

nra;git nra;git


tFg ;ig ,uz ;L FOf ;fs ;

Mf;Fq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; $w;Wf;fs; vOjg;gl;l

ml;ilfspd; njhFjpnahd;iw xU

FOTf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

khztd; xUtid ml;il xd;iw

vLj;J mjpy; cs;s rk;gtk;

,lk;ngWtJ Kw;gfypyh my;yJ

gpw;gfypyh vd;gijf; $WkhW

$Wq;fs;. FOtpYs;s midj;J

khztUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;

tpjkhfr; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;

Jq;fs;.

#upad; cjpf;fpwJ.

gwitfs; $Lfis Nehf;fpg;

gwf;fpd;wd.

G+f;fs; kyu;fpd;wd.

#upad; kiwfpwJ.

ghlrhiy nry;fpNwd;.

re;jpud; cjakhfpwJ.

ghlrhiy Muk;gkhfpwJ.

kf;fs; Ntiyia tpl;L

tPL nry;fpd;whu;fs;.

fkf;fhud; taYf;Fg;

Nghfpwhd;.

jhkiu kyu;fpwJ

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu;>

gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.

epiwepiwepiwepiwepiw 11111 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

1111111111


³ mDkhdk; ³ epidj;j epiw

³ cz;ik epiw ³ fpl;ba epiw


³ 1 kg, 1kg I tpl rw;Wf;$ba>

Fiwe ;j e piwAs ;s kzy;

my;yJ nghUs; nghjpfs;.

³ gbf;fw;fs; njhFjpAk; FOTf;F

xt;nthU juhRk;.

³ FOr; nraw;ghl;bw;fhf ,yf;fk;

Fwpf;fg;gl;l NkYiwAldhd

gy;NtW epiw nfhz;l nghjpfs;

njhFj p . (,jw ; f hf 5 0 0

fpuhKf;Ff; fpl;ba epiwAs;s

nghjp kw ;Wk ; 1 kg I tpl

mjpfkhd epiwnfhz;l nghjp

fisAk; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.)

³ mstpy; $bajhy; epiw mjpfk;

vDk ; jtwhd vz ;zf ;fU

khztu plk ; Vw ; glhjthW

nghUs;fisj; njupTnra;Aq;fs;.

(gQ;R> ,Uk;ghzp> kuj;J}s;...)


e piw njhlu ; g hd Kd ;dw pit

kPl;Ltjw;F kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

epiwia msg;gjw;Fg; gad;-

gLj;jg ;gLk; msj;jy; myF

ahJ?

fpNyhfpuhk; vd;gjw;Fg; gad;-

gLj;jg;gLk; FwpaPL vd;d?

fpuhkpw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; FwpaPL

vd;d?

xU fpNyhfpuhk py ; vj ;jid

fpNyhfpuhk;fs; cs;sd?

,uz;L 500 fpuhk;fspy; vj;jid

fpNyhfpuhk;?

juhirAk ; 1kg gbf ;fy ;iyAk ;

khztUf;F Kd;itAq;fs; . kggbf;fy;iy ,dq;fhz;gjw;F topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

tpw;wuhR ,Ug;gpd; mjidf; fhl;b>

epiwnahd;iwj; njhq;ftpLk;NghJ>

mjd; Ks; 1 kg fhl;Lk; ,lj;ij

mwpKfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

1 kg gbf;fy;iy khztu; iffs;

khw ;w p toq ;f p mjd; e piwia

czUk; tpjkhf cau;j;jp> me;epiw

njhlu ;ghd mDgtj;ijg; ngwr ;

nra;Aq;fs;.

xU khztid my;yJ khztpia

mioAq;fs;. mtSf;F / mtDf;F

1kg ,w ;Fr ; rkdhd kzw ;

nghjpnahd;iwf; ifapy; nfhLj;J>

mjd ; e piwia mDkhd pj ;Jf ;


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;nghUnshd;wpd ; epiwia fpl ;ba fpNyhfpuhkpy ;

mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


mt;tpiliaf; fUk;gyifapy; vOjpf;

fhl;LkhW mtsplk; / mtdplk;

$Wq;fs;. rupahf vOJk; tpjj;ij

kPz;Lk; epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 1 fpNyhfpuhk; = 1 kg.

khztupd; tpil rupahdjh vdg;

ghu ;g ;gjw;F juhrpd; xU jl;by;>

gbf;fy;iyAk; mLj;j jl;by; kzy;

nghjpiaAk; itj;J mtjhdpf;FkhW

$Wq;fs;. NkYk; mJ njhlu;ghf


g pd ;du ; ,d ;DnkhU khztiu

mioj;J 1kg gbf;fy;iyf; ifapy;

nfhLj ;J mij xU jl ; by ;

itAq;fs;. mjd; gpd;G> 1kg I tplrw;W epiw mjpfkhd my;yJ rpwpJ

e piw Fiwthd kzy; nghj p

nahd;iwf; ifapy; nfhLj;J mjd;

epiwia mDkhdpj;Jf; $WkhW

$Wq;fs;.

mDkhd pj ;Jf ; $w pa t pil

rupahdjh? jtwhdjh? vd;gij

mwpe ;J nfhs ;tjw ;Fj ; juhr py ;

gbf ; fy ;iy itj ;J cz;ik

epiwiaf; fhz topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mjw ;Nfw ;g tpil mz;zsthf

rupahdjh vd;gij tprhupAq;fs;.

mz;zsthf mDkhdpj;Jf; $Wjy;

njhlu;ghd tpsf;fj;ij khztu;

ngw ;Wf ; nfhs ;tjw ;F ,t ;thW

topfhl;Lq;fs;.



xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xt;nthU

nghUl; njhFjp> juhR> gbf;fw;fs;

vd;gtw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

xt ;nthU khztidAk; xU

jlitf;F xU nghUs; nghjpia/igia vLj;J mtw;w py ; 1kgmy;yJ mjw;F mz;zsthd

e piw nfhz ;l nghj piaj ;

njupe;njLf;fTk;> mjidf; fPNo

jug;gl;Ls;s Nghd;w ml;ltizapy;

Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; mwpTWj;-

Jq;fs;.

nghUs;

KjyhtJ

kzy; nghjp Mk; 1kg 150g,uz;lhtJ

kzy; nghjp ,y;iy 500g

xt;nthU khztDk; vy;yhg ;

nghjpfspd; epiwiaAk; mD

khdpj;J mit 1kg epiwAs;sjh?

mjw ;Ff ; f pl ; ba e piwah /,y;iyah vd;gijj; jPu;khdpj;J

Kbe;j gpd;du; FOf;fspilNa jkJ

mDkhdq ;fs ; njhlu ; ghff ;

fye;JiuahLkhW $Wq;fs;.

midtUk; ,ize;J xt;nthU

nghjpapdJk; cz;ik epiwia

mse ;J ghu ;f ;fTk ; mtw ;iw

ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.



NghJ FOf ;fSf ;Fr ; nrd ;W

mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd cjtp-

fis toq;Fq;fs;.

khztUf;F 1kg my;yJ mjw;Ff;

fpl;ba epiwia mDkhdpg;gjw;fhd

Mw ;wy ; ve ; jsTf ;F cs ;s

njd;gij fz;lwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

mJgw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

cz;ik

epiw

1kg my;yJ

mjw;F fpl;ba

epiwAs;s

nghjpah /,y;iyah

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: epiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;Jepiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;Jepiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;Jepiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;Jepiwiaf; fpNyhfpuhkpy; mDkhdpg;ghu ;> mse;J

$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .$Wthu ; .



³ mDkhdk; ³ epidj;j epiw

³ cz;ikepiw ³ fpl;ba epiw


³ Kjy; ghlj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpa

tsq;fs;

³ ,uz;L> %d;W> ehd;F fpNyh -

fpuhk; epiwnfhz;l rpy kzw;-

nghjpfs;


g pd ;tUk ; t pdhf ; fs pd ; %yk ;

khztupd; Kd; mDgtk; gw;wpf;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

1 fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid fpuhk;fs;

cs;sd?

2 fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid fpuhk;fs;

cs;sd?

fpl;ba fpNyhfpuhKf;F mDkhdpf;ff;-

$ba tpjj;ij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

mJNghyNt f pl ; ba ,uz ;L

fpNyhfpuhk;> %d;W fpNyhfpuhk;

vd ;wthW mDkhdpf ;f KbAk ;

vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

1kg epiw vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l kzy;

nghjpfs; rpytw;iw khztu;fsJ

iffSf;F khwp khwp mDg;Gq;fs;.

mjd; epiw 1kg vdTk; me;epiwiaj;

jkf;F czuf;$ba tpjj;jpy; itj;J

mDgtj;ijg; ngWkhWk; $Wq;fs;.

k hztd ; xUtid tFg ; Gf ;F

Kd;dhy; mioAq;fs;. 2kg epiwAs;s

nghjpnahd;iwf; iffspy; nfhLq;fs;.

mg;nghjpapd; epiw vt;tsT vd

mDkhdpj ;Jf ; $Wtjw ;F topg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;. Kd;ida ghlj;jpy;

jug;gl;lJ NghyNt mjid mse;J

ghu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mjd;

epiw 2kg vd;gij mDkhdpg;gjw;F

mtu;fshy; KbahJ Nghdhy;> mjid

2kg I tpl epiwapy; Fiwe;jjh>

$bajh vd;W tpdhf;fs; tpdtpathW

nraw;ghl;by; <Lglr; nra;Aq;fs;.

Nkw;$wg;gl;lthW 3kg, 4kg msTs;s

epiw Fiwthd my;yJ $ba

nghjpfspd; epiwia mDkhdpg;gjw;F

re;ju;g;gk; toq;FtNjhL> mse;J

ghu;j ;J epiwia cWjpg;gLj;jpf ;

nfhs;sTk;> re;ju;g;gj;ij cUthf;-

Fq;fs;.

fpNyhfpuhkpy; epiwia mDkhdpj;jy;

njhlu;ghf khztupilNa ek;gpf;if-

iaf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf xt;nthU

re;ju;g;gk; njhlu;ghfTk; $Lkhdtiu

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.



xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; nghUl;fspd;

njhFjpnahd;iwAk;> juhR> gbf;

fw ;fspd; njhFjpnahd;iwAk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

xU jlitf;F xU nghjp tPjk;

vLj;J mjid iffSf;F khw;wp>

khw;wp xt;nthU khztDk; jdpj;

jdpahf epiwia mDkhdpg ;

gjw;Fk; gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy;

mtw;iwf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



khztu; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;bUf;-

ifapy;> FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W

mtjhdpAq;fs;.

rupahf epiwia msg;gijAk;

ml ;ltizapy ; Fw pg ; gijAk ;

ftdpAq;fs;.

2kg ,w;Ff; $ba epiwAs;s

nghUs;fspy; fpl;ba fpNyhfpuhik

mDkhdpg;gJ cz;ikapy; khzt

Uf;Fr ; rthyhf mikayhk; .

Njitf;F Vw;wthW ,ilf;fpilNa

nrd ;W khztUf ;F cjt p

toq;Fq;fs;.


³ nfhz;L nry;yYld;

³ nfhz;L nry;yypd;wp.


ngwg;gl;Ls;s Kd;dwpT njhlu;ghd

kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fs; rpytw;Wf;F

t pilas pg ; gjw ;Fr ; re ; j u ; g ; gk ;

toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1. %d ;W 5 0 0 f p u hk ; fs ;

f pNyhf p uhk ;fs py ; vt ;tsT

MFk;?

2. %d;W 250 fpuhk;fs; vj;jid

fpuhk;fs; MFk;?

fpNyhfpuhKldhd gy;NtW $l;ly;

gpurpdq;fis tha;%yk; Kd;itj;J


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1. 65 fpNyhfpuhk; ney;Yld; ,d;Dk;

30 fpNyhfpuhk; ney; Nru;f;fg;gl;lhy;

nkhj;j epiw ahJ?

2. 38 fpNyhfpuhk ; r Pd p cs;s

ignahd ;w py ; ,d ;Dk ; 1 2

fpNyhfpuhk; rPdp ,lg;gl;lhy;

nkhj;j epiw ahJ?

3. gg ;ghr pg ;gok ; xd ;w pd ; e piw

1 fpNyh fpuhk; 100 fpuhk; MFk;.

,d;ndhU gg ;ghr papd ; epiw

2 fpNyhfpuhk; 500 fpuhk; MFk;.

,uz;bdJk; nkhj;j epiw ahJ?

,dpg; gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpyhd nfhz;L

nry;yYldhd $l;ly; gpurpdk; xd;iw

Kd;itAq;fs;. fzf;ifr; nra;Ak;-

NghJ epiufspy; vOjpr ;nra;Ak;

tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpafpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpafpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpafpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpafpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa

$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.$l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.


nghjp mDkhdpj;j cz;ik

epiw epiw

1'kzw;ig 1kg 1kg 150g

xt;nthU nghUspd; epiwiaAk;

mDkhdpj;j gpd;du;> vy;yhtw;-

iwAk; xd;whf mse;J epiwiaf;

fzf;fpl;L ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;F mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1' G+rzpf;fha; xd;wpd; epiw


,d;ndhU G+rzpf;fhapd; epiw


,uz;L G+rzpfha ;fspdJk;

nkhj;j epiw vt;tsT?

,jidj; jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ijf; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOjp tpsf;Fq;fs;.

kg gKjyhtJ fhapd; epiw 2 600

,uz;lhtJ fhapd; epiw 3 450

,uz;bdJk; epiw 6 50

,uz;L fha;fspdJk; epiw 6kg 50g

vd;gij vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.

gpurpdj;ij vOjpf; fhl;Ltjd; %yk;

jPu;f;Fk;NghJ myFfspd; FwpaPLfis

NkNy vOJtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij

typAWj;Jq;fs;.


khztiuf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;. (xU

FOTf;F 5 Ngu; kl;Lk; vd;wthW

mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.)

fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhkpy; cs;s ,U

epiwfisf; nfhz;Lnry;yYld;

$l ; bf ; $l ;Lj ; njhifiaf ;

fhz;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd gpurpd-

nkhd;W tPjk; xt;nthU khztUk;

vOJtjw;F topg ;gLj;Jq;fs; .

mjw;nfd 2 epkplq;fis toq;F-

q;fs;.

khztUf;F mtrpakhd re;ju;g;-

gq;fspy; cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.

,dpf; FOtpy; cs;s xt;nthU

cWg;gpdUk; jdJ gpurpdj;ij

thrpf;Fk;NghJ> kw;w cWg;gpdu;fs;

gpurpdj;ij kl;Lk; vOjp tpil fhz

Ntz;Lnkd $Wq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: kg g 12 800

+ 5 700 18 500

(khztu; vOJk; gpurpdq;fis thrpj;Jg;

gpiofs; ,Ug;gpd; mtw;iwj; jpUj;J-

tjw;F cjtpnra;Aq;fs;.)




mtu;fs; rupahf gpurpdq;fisj;

jPu;f;fpd;wduh vd;W ghUq;fs;.

tpiuthf Ntiyia Kbf;Fk;

FOTf;F NtW FOf;fspYs;s

khztuhy; vOjg;gl;l gpurpdq;-

fisAk; jPu;g;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfs; cs;slq;fpa fopj;jy;

gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.



ngwg;gl;l Kd;dwpitf; nfhz;L rpy

kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fSf;F tpil

mspg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

gpurpdnkhd;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;J>

fye;Jiuahbj; jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij

fUk;gyifapy; vOjp tpsq;fg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

f poq ;F %ilnahd ;w pd ; e piw


mjpy; 2 fpNyhfpuhk; 500 fpuhk;

epiwAs;s fpoq;Ffs; tpw;fg;gl;ld.

kPjKs;s fpoq;Ffspd; epiw ahJ?

kg g%ilapy; ,Ue;j

fpoq;fpd; epiw 20 300

tpw;w fpoq;Ffspd; 8 500

epiw

kPjKs;s fpoq;Ffspd; 11 800

epiw


ghlk; 3 ,y; $l;liyr; nra;j

Kiwiag; gpd;gw;w khztiu

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.


ghlk; 3 ,y; cs;sthW nra;Aq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:nghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;snghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;snghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;snghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;snghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 MfTs;s

vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;;s vz;Nfhyj;ij Mf;Fthu;.

2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;2 ,dJk;> 3 ,dJk; ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhyq;fisf;

fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1vz;Nfhyq;fs; - 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

12 12 12 12 12


³ nghJ tpj;jpahrk;

³ vz;Nfhyk;


³ 1 - 40 tiuapyhd vz; ml;il


vz ; Nfhyq ;fs ; njhlu ; g hd

khztupd; Kd;dwpit epidT+l;L-

tjw;F> kdf;fzf;FfSf;fhfr;; rpy

epkplq;fisr; nrytpLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1 cld; 2 If; $l;bdhy; tpil ahJ?



1" 3" 5" 7" ''''''" ''''''''

,t;thW Muk;g vz;iz khw;wp

,uz;buz;lhff; $l;bdhy; fpilf;Fk;

mLj;j vz; vd;dntdf; Nfl;lwp-

Aq;fs;.

1 - 40 tiuapyhd vz; ml;ilfis

Nkirapy; itAq;fs;.

mt;ntz; ml;ilfisf; nfhz;L rpy

vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

khztnuhUtuplk; gj;jpYk; Fiwe;j

vz;nzhd;iwf; $WkhW $Wq;fs;.

mjw;Fupa vz; ml;ilia ahtUk;

ghu;f;ff;$bathW fUk;gyifapd; kPJ

my;yJ gyif nahd;w pd ; k PJ

nghUj;Jq;fs;. nghJtpj;jpahrk; 2

MfTs ;s vz; Nfhynkhd ;iw

Mf;ff;$bathW vz; ml;ilfis

itf;FkhW ,d;ndhU khztdplk;

$Wq;fs;.

5 7 9 11

,t;thwhfg; nghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5>

10 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyq;fisf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F> khztu;fSf;F

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. fl;bnaOg;gpa

vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ; fUk;gyifapy ;

vOJq;fs;.

(Kjypy; njupTnra;ag;gLk; vz; 30

my;yJ mjw;Ff; $baJ vdpd; nghJ

tpj;jpahrj;Jf;F Fiwe;Jnry;Yk;

Nfhyj ;ijf ; fl ;bnaOg ;Gtjw ;F

topfhl;Lq;fs;.)

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 30" 28" 26" 24" ''''''''' '''''''''


tFg;g pYs;s khztiur ; r pW

FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; 2> 3> 5> 10

Mfpa vz;fs; nfhz;l ml;ilfis

xUtUf;F Xu ; ml ;ilNaDk;

f pilf ;Fk ; tpjkhfg ; gfpu ;e ;J

nfhLq;fs;.

FOtpw;Ff; fpilj;j vz; ml;il-

fis mtw;wpy; cs;s vz;fs;

nju pahjthW Nkirapd ; k PJ

ftpo;j;J itf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


FOtpYs;s xt;Nthu; cWg;gpdUk;

Xu; vz; ml;il tPjk; vLj;Jj;

jdf;Ff; fpilj;j vz;> nghJ

t pj ;j pahrkhf tUkhW vz;

Nfhynkhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;gpf;

$wNtz;Lk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;. xU

khztid Muk;g vz;izf;

$WkhW $Wq;fs;. ,d;ndhU

khztidg; nghJ tpj;jpahrj;ijf;

$w topg ;gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . mjd;

%ykhf vz;Nfhyj;ijj; njhlu;e;J

fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztDk; fl;bnaOg;Gk;

Nfhyk ; ru pahdnjd ; gijg ;

ghu;g;gjw;F kw;iwa khztiu

<L;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mt;ntz; Nfhyq;fisj; jkJ

gapw;rpg ; Gj;jfq;fspy; vOjpf;

nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

kPz;Lk; vz; ml;ilfis NkirkPJ

ftpo ;j ;J itj;J> Kd;GNghy;

Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;gtjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thwhf xt;nthU FOitAk;

r py vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl ;b-

naOg;Gtjw;F <LgLj;Jq;fs;.


xt ;nthU FOTf ;Fk ; nghJ-

tpj;jpahrk; 2> 3> 5> 10 Mfpa

vz;fs; nfhz;l xU vz; Nfhyk;

vd;wthW> tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjw;F


khztu ; fl ;bnaOg;g pa vz;-

Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw gapw;rpg ;

Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf; nfhs;SkhW

$Wq;fs;.


nky;yf; fw;Nghiu njhlf;fj;jpy;

vspa vz;Nfhyq;fis kl;Lk;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1& 2" 4" 6" 8 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''^2& 3" 6" 9" 12 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''^3& 5" 10" 15" 20 '''''''''''''''''''''''^4& 10" 20" 30" 40 '''''''''''''''''''''


³ 1 Kjy; 50 tiuapy; vz;fs;

vOjg;gl;l vz; ml;ilfs;


Kd;du; fw;w nghJtpj;jpahrk; 2> 3>

4> 5> 10 MfTs;s vz; Nfhyq;fis

e pidTgLj ;JkhW kdf ;fz pj

tpdhf;fs; rpytw;iw tpdhTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

mLj;J tUk; vz;izf;

$Wq;fs;.

1" 3" 5" 7 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2" 5" 8" 11 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''5" 10" 15" 20 vz;Nfhyj ;j py ;

mLj;JtUk; ,U vz;fSf;fpilapy;

cs;s tpj;jpahrk; vj;jid?

nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 10 MfTs;s

vz;Nfhyk; xd;W $Wq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;nghJtpj ;j pahrk ; 6 MfTs;s vz;Nfhyj ;ijf ;



fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


gpd;tUk; vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

6" 12" 18" 24 ''''''''''''''''''''''

,J nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 6 Mf mikAk;

vz;Nfhyk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Muk;g vz;iz khw;wpaikj;J nghJ

tpj;jpahrk; 6 If; nfhz;l rpy

vz;Nfhyq ;fis ml ;ilfisf ;

nfhz;L khztu ; gq ;fspg ;Gld;

fl ;bnaOg ;Gq ;fs ; . Muk ;g vz;

khWk;NghJ nghJtpj;jpahrk; 6 If;

nfhz;l vz;NfhyKk; khWk; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fl;bnaOg;gpa vz;Nfhyq;fisf;


nghJtpj;jpahrk; 6 If; nfhz;l

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd vz;Nfhyq;fis

mwpKfQ;nra;Aq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 24" 18" 12" 6

1" 7" 1" 7" 1

2" 8" 14" 8" 2" 8FOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghLFOr; nraw;ghL

tFg;igr; rpwpa FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

FOtpYs;s xU khztid Xu;

vz;izf; $WkhW $Wq;fs;.

Vida khztiu > nghJ -

tpj;jpahrk; 6 Mf mikAkhW

vz;Nfhynkhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gk;

tpjkhf khwp khwp vz;fisf;

$WkhW $Wq;fs;.

mtw;iw mtu ;fsJ gapw ;r pg ;

Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf; nfhs;tjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,JNghd;W xt;nthU FOitAk;

nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 6 Mf mikAk;

4 vz ;Nfhyq ;fisf ; fl ; b -

naOg;Gtjpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

FOf;fs; fl;bnaOg;g pa vz;

Nfhyq;fis tFg;g py ; Kd;

itg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.


Nfhyj;ij ,dq;fz;L> ntw;Wf;

$Lfspy; nghUj;jkhd vz;iz

vOJq;fs;.

1' 6 12 18

2' 3 9 15

3' 37 31 25 13

4' 64 58 40


nky ;yf ; fw ;Fk ; khztUf ;fhfg ;

nghUl;fs; my;yJ cUt ml;ilfis

njhlu;GgLj;jp vspa Nfhyq;fisf;


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ vz; ml;il


Ke ;j pa ghlj ;j py ; fw ; w vz ; -

Nfhyq;fis epidTgLj;Jtjw;fhd

kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fs; rpytw;iw

khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;. 8 Mk;

ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghl;by; tpilfs; $Wk;

tpjkhd rpy kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis

tpdTq;fs;.

mjd ; g pd ;du ; xU khztid

10 ,w;Ff; Fiwthd VNjDk; xU

vz;izf; $wr; nra;Aq;fs;.

mjid midtUk ; gh u ; f ;Fk ;

tpjkhff; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

,d ;DnkhU khztdplk ; me ;j

vz;Zld; 8 If; $l;bdhy; tUk; vz;

vd;dntd;gijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

mt ;ntz;iz Kjypy ; vOj pa

vz;zpd; mUfpy; vOJq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 5> 13

,t;thW khztu; cjtpAld; nghJ-

tpj;jpahrk; 8 Mf mikAk; vz;-

Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 5> 13> 21> 29> 37

,JNghyNt nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mf

mikAk; vz; Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw

khztu; cjtpAld; fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

1" 9" 17" 2540" 32" 24" 16" 82" 10" 2" 10" 2


tFg;igr; rpW FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

ghlk; 2 ,y; FOr; nraw;ghl;bd;

NghJ nraw;gl;lJ NghyNt nghJ

tpj ;j pahrk ; 8 Mf mikAk;

vz;Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iwf;; fl;b-

naOg ; Gtj py ; khztiu <L

gLj;Jq;fs;.


nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mf mikAk;

vz ;Nfhyq ;fs ; r pytw ;iwf ;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F khztUf;Fr;

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. rupahff;

Nfhyq ;fisf ; fl ;bnaOg ; G -

fpwhu;fsh vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.


nky;yf ; fw ;Fk ; khztUf;F

nghUs ;fs ; my ;yJ cUt

ml ;ilfs ; cjtpAld ; vspa

vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;g

NkYk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

Nkyjpf nraw;ghL mtrpakhd

khztiug; gpd;tUk; nraw;ghl;by;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;ntz;fs; midj;ijAk; nfhz;L

vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;nghJtpj;jpahrk; 8 Mff; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;



27 3519

113

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ ngUf;fy;


³ vz; ml;il

KO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfkKO tFg;G mwpKfk;

vz;Nfhyk; njhlu;ghd khztu; ngw;w

Kd;dwpit kPl;;ly; njhlu;ghfr; rpwpJ

Neuj;ijr; nrytpLq;fs;.

2> 4> 6> 8 vDk; Nfhyq;fisf;

fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;. ,e;jf;

Nfhyj ; j py ; mLj ;Js ;s ,U

vz;fSf;fpilNa cs;s njhlu;G

vd;dntd;gij khztuplk; Nfl;lwp-

Aq;fs;.

vz;fs; ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s

NtWghL / tpj;jpahrk; 2 vd;gij

mtu;fs; ,dq;fz;l gpd;G> 2> 4> 8>

16 vDk; Nfhyj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;

vOJq;fs;.

,jpy; ,uz;L vz;fSf;fpilNa

cs;s njhlu;ig tpsf;Fq;fs;.

4 I ngWtjw;F 2 I ve;j vz;zhy;

ngUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztuplk;

Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

8 I ngWtjw;F 4 I ve;j vz;zhy;

ngUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij khztuplk;

Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

,t;thW Nfhyj;jpy; cs;s xt;nthU

vz;izAk; 2 My; ngUf;Fk;NghJ

mLj ;J tUk ; vz; f pilf ;Fk ;

vd;gijj; njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.

2 ,d; ngUf;fk; mikAkhW NkYk;

vz;Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw mwpKfg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 3> 6> 12> 24

1> 2> 4> 8


tFg;gpYs;s khztiur; rpwpa

FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; nraw;ghL

fSf;fhf 1 Kjy; 9 tiuapyhd

vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l vz; ml;ilfs;

njhFjpnahd;W tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.

mtw;iw vz;fs; njupahjthW

NkirkPJ ftpo;j;J itf;FkhW

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

khztd; xUtd; mtw;wpy; ,Ue;J

Xu; ml;ilia vLj;J> mjpYs;s

vz;iz FOtpYs;s kw;wtu;-

fSf;Ff; fhl;l Ntz;Lk; vdf;

$Wq;fs;.

kw;w khztu;fs; xt;nthUtuhf

khwpkhwp nghJtpfpjk; 2 Mf

mikAk ; vz ;Nfhyj ;ijf ;

fl;bnaOg;Gk; tpjkhf vz;fisf;

$wr; nra;Aq;fs;.

mjidj; jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;

vOjpf ; nfhs ;tjw ;F xOq;F

nra;Aq;fs;.

,dp KjyhtJ khztd; vLj;j

ml;ilia ePf ;f ptpl ;L Vida

ml ;ilfs py ; ,Ue ;J xU

ml;ilia kw;nwhU khztd;

vLg;gjw;Fr; rw;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

Kd;G nra;jJ NghyNt kw;iwa

khztu;fs; mt;ntz;zpw;F Vw;g

vz; Nfhyj;ij Mf;Ftjw;F topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

vz; ml;ilfs; midj;ijAk;

vLj;J Kbf;Fk; tiu> ,r;nraw;-

ghl;ilj; njhlu;e;J nra;a Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij typAWj;Jq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.2 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jld; vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



xt;nthU FOTk; fl;bnaOg;gpa>

vz;Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw Kd;

itg;gjw;F> re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.


<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

vz ; Nfhyj ;ij ,dq ;fz ;L >

ntw ;w plq ;fspy ; nghUj ;jkhd

vz;iz vOJq;fs;.


³ vz; ml;il


Kd ;ida ghlq ;fs py ; fw ; w

vz;Nfhyq;fs; gw;wp epidT+l;Ltjw;F>

r py t pdhf ; fis khztUf ;F

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:1' 2 I 2 My; ngUf;fpdhy; tUk;

tpil ahJ?

4 I 2 My; ngUf;fpdhy; tUk;

tpil ahJ?

8 I 2 My; ngUf;fpdhy; tUk;

tpil ahJ?

2' 5 ,Yk; Fiwe;j vz;nzhd;iwf;

$Wq;fs;.

2 ,d; ngUf;fkhf vz;Nfhyq;fs;

mikAkhW r py vz ;fisf ;

$Wtjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

3> 9> 27 vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOJq;fs;. ,t;ntz;

Nfhyj;jpy ; mUNf mike;Js;s

vz;fspd; tpj;jpahrk; / njhlu;G

vd;dntd;gij khztu; $Wtjw;Fr;


2 ,d; ngUf;fkhd vz;Nfhyj;ij

mwpKfk; nra;jJ Nghd;Nw 3 ,d;

ngUf ;fj ;ijAk ; khztUf ;F

mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.


tFg ; G khztiur ; r p w pa

FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.


tiuapyhd vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l vz;

ml;ilfspd; njhFjpnahd;iw

toq;Fq;fs;.

ghlk; 4 ,y; nra;j nraw;ghLfisg;

NghyNt> 3 ,d; ngUf;fk; nfhz;l

vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy;


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jl3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jl3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jl3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jl3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jldhddhddhddhddhd vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;. vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;. vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;. vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;. vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.


1& 1" 2" 4" 8 '''''''''''" '''''''''''

2& 3" 6" 12" 24" ''''''''''" '''''''''''''

3& 5" 10" 20" 40 '''''''''' " '''''''''''

4& 7" 14" 28 ''''''''''" '''''''''''''

5& 9" 18" 36 '''''''''" '''''''''


nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;fhfg;

nghUl;fs; my;yJ cUt ml;il-

fis cjt pahff ; nfhz ;L

vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;g

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jldhd vz;-

Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;GtJ gw;wp

khztu; mwpe;Jnfhz;Ls;sdu;

vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;-

tjw ;Fg ; g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd

gapw;rpfs; rpytw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

1& 1" 3" 9" 27 ''''''''''''''" '''''''''''''2& 2" 6" 18 ''''''''''''" '''''''''''''''3& 4" 12" 36 ''''''''''''" '''''''''''''''4& 5" 15" 45 ''''''''''''''" '''''''''''''''5& 7" 21 ''''''''''''' 189


nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;Fg ;

nghUs;fs; my;yJ cUt ml;ilfs;

cjtpAld ; vz ;Nfhyj ;ijf ;


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;6>7>8>9>10 Mfpatw;Wf;fhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfs;

gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.gw;wpa mwpit Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iwj;; jdp ,yf;fj;jhy;

ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.ngUf;fpg; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu; ;g;ghu;.

ngUf;fy; 2ngUf;fy; 2ngUf;fy; 2ngUf;fy; 2ngUf;fy; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

14 14 14 14 14


³ 5 Mk; thuj;jpw;Fupa ghlj;jpy;

gad ; gLj ; j pa ml ; ltiz.

(FOTf;F xd;W)


gj;Jf;fspy; 100 tiu vz;Zq;fs;.

KO tFg;gpypUe;J Muk;gpj;Jg; gpd;du;

FOthfTk; jdpj;jdpahfTk; Nru;e;J

60 tiu ehd;Ffspy; vz;ZkhW

$Wq;fs;.

thuk; 5 ,y; mtu;fs; jahupj;j vz;

ml;ltiziaf; nfhz;L kPjKs;s

e puy ;fis tiutjw ;F xOq;F

nra;Aq;fs;.

,uz;L juk; MW vt;tsT vd

tpdTq;fs;. mjid ml;ltizapy;

cupa fl;lj;jpy; vOJq;fs;.

gpd;du; %d;W juk; MW> ehd;F juk;

MW vd;wthW tpdhf;fs; tpdtp

tpilfis ml;ltizapy; cupa

fl;lq;fspy; vOjpg; G+u;j;jp nra;Aq;fs;.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 1 2 3 4 5 62 2 4 6 8 10 123 3 6 9 12 15 184 4 8 12 16 20 245 5 10 15 20 25 306 6 12 18 24 30 367 7 14 21 28 35 428 8 16 24 32 40 489 9 18 27 36 45 5410 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL ,q;F fl;b-

naOg ; gg ; gl ; Ls ;sJ vd ; gijj ;

njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.

,jw;Nfw;g NkNyAs;s 7> 8> 9> 10

Mfpa epuy;fspy; KiwNa 7> 8> 9> 10

Mfpa ngUf ;fy ; tha ;g ;ghLfs ;

fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.

mLj ;J tUk ; ghlq ;fs py ;

gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> khztu; jkJ

ngUf ;fy ; ml ; ltizfisg ;

ghJfhg;ghf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij typAWj;Jq;fs;.

mtw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;g Kd;tUk;

khztu ; fSf ;Fr ; re ; j u ; g ; gk ;

toq;Fq;fs;. ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghl;ilg;

g+u;j;jp nra;Ak;NghJ> kw;iwa khztu;

vz;fisf; $wr; nra;Aq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

,uz;L juk; VO gjpdhd;F

%d;W juk; VO ,Ugj;njhd;W


khztiu Itu; nfhz;l FOf;f-

shf;fp> xt;nthU ml;ltizia

toq;Fq;fs;. epuy;fis epug;Gtjd;

%yk;> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10 ngUf;fy;

tha;g ;ghLfisf; fl ;bnaOg;g

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

ml;ltizapy; cupa ,lq;fspy;

rupahf vz;fs; vOjg;gl;Ls;sdth

vd;gijr; nrt;it ghu;g;gjw;fhf

khztupd; nraw;ghLfisr; Nrhjpj;Jg;

ghUq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


khztu;fs; fye;Jiuahbf; fl;l

tiyiag; G+u ;j ;jp nra;tjw;F

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. mt;thW

epug ;g Kbahj khztUf;Fk;

mjid epug;Gtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq ;Fq ;fs ; . t p Nrl cjt p

Njitahdtu ;fSf ;F cjt p

toq;Fq;fs;.


ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL njhlu;ghfg;

gy tpdhf ;fis khztuplk ;

t pdTq ;fs ; . g hlk ; 5 ,y ;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;l tpdhf;fSf;F

t pilfisg ; ngWtjw ; f hf

ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;JtJ

vt;thW vd;gij khztUf;F

epidTgLj;Jq;fs;. ml;ltizapy;

cs;s tha;g;ghLfis cs;slf;ff;-

$bathW tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.

12 Mf;fg;gLk; tpjj;ij khztuplk;

tpdTq;fs;. 6 « 2" 3 « 4" '''''& mjidf;


36> 40> 72 Nghd;w vz;fis Mf;Fk;

gy;NtW topKiwfisg; gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfj;jpy; vOJq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: <upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;<upyf;f vz;nzhd;iw 6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fshy;

nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.nfhz;L nry;yYld; ngUf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.



³ FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd xg;gil

ml;il


Kd;ida ghlj;ijg; Nghd;Nw 2 Kjy;

9 tiuapyhd ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghL

njhlu;ghd tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.

,g;ngUf;fy; gapw;rpfisf; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

E} g x

2 3 « 6

xd;Wfspy; ,Ue;J njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;. ,q;F

MWfs; %d;W vj;jid? (18)

tpilia vq;Nf vOj Ntz;Lk;

vd;gijr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

gj;ij Kddhy; nfhz;L nry;Yq;fs;.

(gj;jpd; epuypy; 2 ,d; Nky; 1 I

vOJq;fs;.)

'MWfs; 2 vj;jid?" vd tpdTq;fs;.

tpil 12 MFk;.

,J gj;Jf;fs; 12 vd;gij tpsf;fpf;

$Wq;fs;.

Kd ;Ndhf ;f pf ; nfhz ;L nrd ;w

gj;Jf;fs; xd;iwg; gj;jpd; epuypy;

ngUf;fj;Jld; (12) $l;l Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;. mg;NghJ

13 gj;Jf;fs; MFk;.

13 gj;Jf;fs; vd;gJ E}Wfspy; 1 ck;

gj;Jf;fs; 3 ck; MFk; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

3 I vq;F vOj Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf;

Rl;bf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

e pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJe pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJe pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJe pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJe pidTgLj ;j pNah my ;yJ

vz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njhvz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njhvz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njhvz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njhvz; ml;ltiziag; ghu;j;Njh

6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;6 juk; 3> 18 vd;gij khztu;

mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;mwpe ;J nfhs;sr ; nra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.Ntz;Lk;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


E}Wfs; 1> E}Wfspd; tpil epuYf;Ff;

nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk;.

E} g x

12 3

« 61 3 8

,f;fzf;iff; fUk;gyifapy; vOjp>

mjidj; j Pu ;g ;gjw ;F cjTkhW

Kd;tUk; xU khztdplk; $Wq;fs;.

E} g x

4 5« 6

MWfs; 5 vj;jid vd tpdTq;fs;.

(30) ,J 3 gj;Jf;fSk; xd;Wfs;

0 ck; MFk; vd;gijj; njspT-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

xd;wpd; epuypy; 0 I vOjp gj;Jf;fs;

3 I Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L nry;yg;

Nghtjhf tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gj;jpy; epuypy; 4 ,w;F NkNy 3 I

vOJq;fs;.

,dp MWfs; ehd;F vj;jid vd

tpdTq;fs;. (24) ,e;j 24> gj;Jf;fs;

24 MFk; vd;gijf; ftdj;jpw ; -

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

mj;Jld; Kd; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l

3 gj;Jf;fisf; $l;l Ntz;Lk;

vd;gijAk; khztUf;F epidT

gLj;Jq;fs;.

mg;NghJ $l;Lj;njhif gj;Jf;fs;

27 MFk;. 27 gj;Jf;fs; vd;gJ 2

E}WfSk; 7 gj;Jf;fSk; MFk;.

gj;Jf;fspd;; epuypy; 7 I vOjp E}Wfs;

,uz;il Kd;Ndhf;fpf ; nfhz;L

nry;Yq;fs;.

E}Wfs; vj ;jid cs;sd vd

tpdTq;fs;. E}Wfs; 2 MFk;. (Kd;;

nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl;l) E}wpdplj;jpd;

tpilapy; 2 vd vOJq;fs;.

E} g x

2 34 5

« 62 7 0

,g;NghJ ,e;jf; fzf;if vOJq;fs;.

E} g x

6 7 « 8

vl;Lf;fs; 7 vj;jid vdf; $Wtjw;Fg;

ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag; gad;;gLj;JkhW

khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;. (56)

mjpy; vj;jid gj;Jf;fs; cs;sd? (5)

mjpy; vj;jid xd;Wfs; cs;sd? (6)

vd;wthW tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.

xd;wpdplj;jpy; 6 I vq;F vOJtJ vd

tpdTq;fs;. (xd;wpd; epuypy; tpilapd;

,lj;jpy;)

5 gj;Jf;fis vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd

tpdTq;fs;. (gj;jpd; epuYf;Ff; nfhz;L

nry;yg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.)

E} x g

56 7

« 86

mLj;J vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd

tpdTq;fs;. (6 I vl;lhy; ngUf;f

Ntz;Lk;.)

tpil vd;d vd;gij tpdTq;fs;. (48)

Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l 5

gj;Jf;fis vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd

tpdTq ;fs ; . (gj ;Jf ;fSld ; $l ;l

Ntz;Lk;.)

,g;NghJ nkhj;jkhf vj;jid gj;Jf;fs;

cs;sd vd tpdTq;fs;. (53)

Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L

nry;yg;gl;l vz; ,q;F

vOjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

Kd; nfhz;L

nry;yg;gl;l vz;

nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;l vz;

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



6> 7> 8> 9 Mfpa vz;fspd; ngUf;fy;

cs;slq;fpa> Kd;$l;bNa jahupj;j

xg;gilfis khztu; FOf;fSf;F

toq;Fq;fs;.

FOf ;fs pilNa xg ; gilfis

khw;wpf;nfhz;L $ba vz;zpf;ifahd

gapw ;r pfisr; nra;tjw;F topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

FOf ;fs ; nraw ; gLf pd ; wNghJ >

khztu;fspilNa nrd;W ngUf;fy;

gapw;rpia rupahfr; nra;fpwhu;fsh

vd;gij mtjhdpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.

Njitahd khztu;fSf;F Nkyjpf

cjtpfis toq;Fq;fs;.


g pd ;tUk; tpjkhd gapw ;r pfs ;

rpytw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

1& 2& 3& 4& 5&24 57 83 62 90

« 6 « 8 « 7 « 9 « 7

6& 41 « 6 } '''''''''''''''''

7& 26 « 8 } ''''''''''''''''''

thuk; 5 ,y; gad;gLj;jpathW

nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs; rpytw;iw

toq;Fq;fs;.

53 gj;Jf;fs; vd;gJ 5 E}WfSk; 3

gj;Jf;fSk; MFk; vd;gij khztUf;F

epidT+l;Lq;fs;.

3 gj;Jf;fis vq;F vOJtJ vd

tpdTq;fs;. (gj;jpd; tpil epuypy;)

5 E}Wfis vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?

(Kd;Ndhf;fp E}Wfspd; epuYf;Ff;

nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;)

E }Wfs ; vj ; jid cs ;sd? vd

tpdTq;fs;. (5)

E}Wfspy; tpil epuypy; 5 I vOJq;fs;.

E} g x

5 56 7

« 85 3 6

rupahfg; ngUf;FtJ vt;thW vd

khztu;fs;; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;F

,t;thwhd gapw;rpfisg; NghjpasT

toq;Fq;fs;.

Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk;

vz; me ;e puypd ; ngUf ;fj ;Jld;

$l ;lg ;gLk ; vd ;gij tpsq ;f pf ;

nfhs;Sjy; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhFk;.

thuk; 5 ,y; cs;sJNghd;W gpurpdk;;

jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

67 « 8 } 536 Nghd;w ngUf;fiyAk;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Kd;Ndhf;fpf; nfhz;L

nry;yg;gl;l vz;

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: <upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;

njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.njhlu;ghd mwpitg; ngWthu;.



³ FO Ntiyf;fhf 1 Kjy; 9 tiu

,yf;fq;fs; vOjg;gl;l vz;

ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;


khztu;fSld; Nru;e;J 60 tiuapy;

6 fspy; vz;Zq;fs;.

Kd;tUk; xt;nthUtiuAk; MWfspy;

vz;Ztjw ;F topg ;gLj ;Jq ;fs ; .

mLj;jjhf KO tFg;Gld; Nru;e;J

k Pz;Lk ; vz;Zq;fs; . ,t;thNw

VOfs;> vl;Lfs;> xd;gJfs; Mfpa

Nfhyq ;fSf ;Fk ; mJNghd ;W

nra;Aq;fs;.

vz; ml;ilj; njhFjpapy; ,Ue;J

%d;W vz; ml;ilfis vLq;fs;.

mtw;Ws; ,U ml;ilfisf; nfhz;L

vz;nzhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

mjidf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

mt ;ntz;iz kw ;w vz ;zhy ;

ngUf;Ftjw;F khztiu topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

mk;%d;W vz; ml;ilfspy; ,Ue;J

Kd;G Nghy kPz;Lk; ,U ml;ilfis

vLj;J vz; xd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;gp

mjid kw;w vz;zhy; ngUf;Fq;fs;.

,t;thW mk;%d;W vz; ml;il-

fisAk; nfhz;L NkYk; ngUf;fy;

fzf;Ffis Mf;f KbAk; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vr;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; kpfg; ngupa vz;

tpilahff; fpilj;jJ vd khztuplk;

Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.



FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU njhFjp vz; ml;ilfs;

tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.

KO tFg ; g p w ;Fk ; mw pKfk ;

nra;jthW %d;W vz; ml;ilfis

vLj;J mtw;wpy; ,U ml;ilfisf;

nfhz ;L vz ;nzhd ;iwf ;

fl ;bnaOg ;g p kw ;w vz;zhy ;

ngUf;Ftjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mk ;%d ;W ml ;ilfis KO

tFg;gpw ;Fk; mwpKfk; vDk;

gFj pa py ; nra ;jthW NkYk ;

ngUf;fy; fzf;Ffis nra;tjw;F

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

ve ;jg ; ngUf;fy; nra;ifapy ;

k pfg ;ngu pa vz; t pilahff ;

fpilj;jJ vd;gijf; fhz;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

NtW %d;W vz; ml;ilfis

vLj;J Nkw;Fwpj;j nraw;ghl;by;

njhlu;e;J <Lglr; nra;Aq;fs;.

Nkyjpf cjtpfs; Njitg;gL

NthUf;F ,yFthd vz;fisf;

nfhz;L Muk;gpg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.


khztu ; FO Ntiya py ;

<Lgl;bUf;Fk; NghJ FOf;fSf;Fr;

nrd;W ngUf;fy; gapw;rpfisr;

rupahfr; nra;fpd;wduh vd;gijr;

Nrhjpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;<upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f vz;zhy; ngUf;Fjy;

njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.


1' 4 6 2 vz;fspd; mbg;gilapy; <upyf;f

vz ;iz kw ;iwa vz ;zhy ;

ngUf;Fk;NghJ tpil 104 Mf tUk;

re;ju;g;gj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

1& Mf;fpa vz; } 46 46kw;iwa vz; } 2 « 2

92

tpiltpiltpiltpiltpil 92 92 92 92 92

2& Mf;fpa vz; } 64 64kw;iwa vz; } 2 « 2

128


3& Mf;fpa vz; } 24 24kw;iwa vz; } 6 « 6

144


4& Mf;fpa vz; } 26 26kw;iwa vz; } 4 « 4

104


NkNy tpdtg;gl;l tpdhTf;fhd ngUf;fy;

nra;if

26 « 4 MFk;.

tpiliag;

ngw;Wf;nfhz;l

tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;

,e;j tpjkhfTk;

tpiliag; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;s KbAk;

vd;gijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.


³ Nju;r;rp kl;lj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

gpurpdq;fs;


ngUf ;fy ; njhlu ;ghd gy ;NtW

gpur pdq;fis khztUf;F Kd;

itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1' xU ngl;bapy; 6 khk;goq;fs;

cs ;sd. mt ;thwhd 4 3

ngl ; bfs py ; cs ;s khk ; -

goq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?

g pur pdj ;ij thr pj ;J tpsq ;f pf ;

nfhs;sr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

43« 6258

4 3« 6 1 8

240 258

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J




FOf;fshf;fp> 'KO tFg;Gf;Fk;

mwpKfk;" gFjpapy; cs;sthW

ehd ;F g p u r pdq ;fs ; t P jk ;

toq;Fq;fs;.

xUtUf;F xU gpurpdk; vd;wthW

gpurpde; jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztDk; gpurpde;

jPu;f;Fk; tpjj;ij kw;iwa khztu;

mtjhdpg ;gjw ;Fk ; > cjtpfs ;

nra ;tjw ;Fk ; re ; j u ; g ; gk ;

toq;Fq;fs;.

ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5ghlk; 5 <upyf;f vz;fis Xupyf;f

vz ;fshy ; ngUf ;Fk ;

gapw;rpapy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

46 46 46« 3 « 4 « 8

85 85 85

« 6 « 9 « 7

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : %tp%tp%tp%tp%tpyf;fyf;fyf;fyf;fyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhjq;fSf;F Nkw;glhjq;fSf;F Nkw;glhjq;fSf;F Nkw;glhjq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis vz;fis 6>7> 8 6>7> 8 6>7> 8 6>7> 8 6>7> 8

kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.kw;Wk; 9 My; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

tFj;jy; 2tFj;jy; 2tFj;jy; 2tFj;jy; 2tFj;jy; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

15 15 15 15 15

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw

6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.



³ ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz


2>3>4>5 Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fe;

j pwd ; t pUj ;j pailaf ;$bathW

khztUf;F vspa tpdhf ;fis

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vz;fis tFg;gjw;F cjtpahfg;

ngUf;fy; ml;ltiziag; gad;

gLj;JtJ vt;thW vd khztUf;F

epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

3 2÷4=8 ,d ; ngWkhdj ;ijf ;

fhz;gjw;F 32 tiu 4 ,d; epiuapy;

tpuiyf; nfhz;Lnrd;W 32 ,w;F

Neu ;NkNy KjyhtJ e piua py ;

(e pow ;wg ;gl ;l e piuapy ; ) cs;s

vz;izg; ghu;f;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij

epidTgLj;Jq;fs; . mg ;NghJ 8

ngwg;gLk;.

mjhtJ 32÷4=8 MFk;.

x 11111 22222 33333 44444 55555 66666 77777 88888 99999 1 01 01 01 01 011111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1022222 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2033333 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3044444 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 4055555 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5066666 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 6077777 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 7088888 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 8099999 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 901 01 01 01 01 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf:

,JNghyNt 63÷9 ,d; ngWkhd-

j;ijf; fhz;gjw;F 63 tiu 9 ,d;

epiuapy; tpuiyf; nfhz;L nrd;W 63

,w;F Neu;NkNy KjyhtJ epiuapy;

cs ;s vz ;izg ; gh u ; g ; gjw ;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. tpil - 7

mjhtJ 63 ÷ 9 } 7

48÷6 ,d; ngWkhdk; ahJ?

48 tiuapy; 6 ,d; epiuapy; tpuiyf;

nfhz;Lnrd;W> mq;fpUe;J Neu;NkNy

KjyhtJ epiuapy; cs;s vz; ahJ

vdf; fhZkhW topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mJ

8 MFk;.

48÷6=8

ml;ltiziar; rupahfg; gad;gLj;J-

tjw;F KbAk; vd khztu; ek;gpf;if

nfhs;Sk; tiuapy; ,jidg; gy

jlitfs; nra;Aq;fs;.

mLj;J rupahf tFglhj vz; xd;iw

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

37÷6 vt;tsT? 6 ,d; epiu topNa

nry;Yk;NghJ 36 ck; 42 ck;

ngwg;gLk;. 42 ngupaJ. 36 ,y; 6

MWfs; cs;sd. vdNt 37 ,y; 6

MWfSk; 1 kPjpAk; MFk;.

mjhtJ 37÷6=6 ck; kPjp 1 ck;

MFk;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


tFj;jy; gpurpdk; jPu;f;Fk; Kiwia

gbKiw gbKiwahf tpsq;fg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;. Njitahapd;> Bd;];

fl;ilfs;> vz;rl;lk; vd;gtw;iwg;

gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.


gpd;tUk; xg;gilapy; xt;nthU

ga pw ; r p f ;Fk ; nghUj ; jkhd

tpiliaj; njupTnra;Aq;fs;.

xg;gil

6 583 6 834 97 kPjp 1

23

9 207 9 958 139 106 kPjp 4


FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU khztDk;

xt;nthU gpurpdj;ijj; jPu;g;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. mt;Ntisapy;

kw;iwa khztiu mk; khz-

tDf ;F / khztpf ;F cjtp

nra;tjw;Fk; topfhl;Lq;fs;.


6 MYk; 9 MYk; tFf ;Fk ;

gapw;rpfs; rpytw;iw khztUf;F

toq;fp mtw;iwj; j Pu ;g ;gjw;F

topfhl;Lq;fs;.

Fiwe;j milTkl;lj;ijf; fhl;Lk;

khztUf;Fg; ngUf;fy; ml;l-

tiziag; gad;gLj;jpg; gapw;rp-

fisr; nra;aTk;> mtrpakhapd;

vz ;z pfisg ; gad ; gLj ; j p f ;

nfhs;sTk; cq;fs; ftdj;ij

nrYj;Jq;fs;.

48 ,y; vj;jid xd;gJfs; cs;sd?

45 ,y; 5 xd;gJfs; cs;sd. vdNt

tpil 5 ck; kPjp 3 ck; MFk;.

48 ÷ 9 } 5 kPjp 3

,jidf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

516 ÷ 6

,t;tFj;jy; gapw;rpf;Fg; ngUf;fy;

ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;j KbahJ.

5 vd;gJ E}Wfs; 5 MFk;. 5 E}Wfis

rkkhd 6 Ftpayhf tFf;f KbahJ.

500 vd;gJ 50 gj;Jf;fshFk;. 51

gj;Jf;fis 6 rkdhd Ftpay;fshf

tFg;gjw;F> ,g;NghJ Njitahapd;


gLj;jyhk;. ,jid khztUf;F

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

86 6 516 48

36 36 0

516÷6 my;yJ 6 516

NkYk; mt;thwhd 6 My; tFf;Fk;

gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;gjw;F khztUf;F


vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 6 336 6 804

6 454

9 My; tFf;Fk; g pur pdq;fis

Kd;itj;J mtw;iw khztuJ

cjt pAld ; j P u ; g ; gjw ;F to pg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

929 834 81 24 18

6

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;%tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;fis 6 ,dhYk;

9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.9 ,dhYk; tFf;Fk; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.


Nju;r;rp kl;lj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhf

6 ,dhYk; 9 ,dhYk; tFj;jy;

njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; njupT-

nra ;J nfhs ;tjw ;F> tFj ;jy ; >

Kjyhk ; thuk ; > ghlk ; 3 ,y ;

cs;sthW> ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

vjpu;ghu;j;j kl;lj;ij milaKbahj

khztiu ,dq;fz;L> mtu;fSf;fhf

Bd;]; fl ;ilfs; / vz; rl ;lk ;

vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp jPu;g;gjw;fhf

,yFthd gapw;rpfisj; jahupj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7%d ;W ,yf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;iz 7

,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.,dhYk; 8 ,dhYk; tFf;Fe; jpwidg; ngWthu;.



³ ngUf;fy; ml;ltiz


Xu; vz;iz tFg;gjw;F cjtpahfg;


gLj;Jk; tpjk; gw;wp khztUf;F

epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

14÷7 ,d; ngWkhdk; ahJ?

14 tiuapy; 7 ,d; epiuapy; tpuiyf;

nfhz;L nrd;W mq;fpUe;J 14

,w;F NkNy KjyhtJ epiuapy

cs;s vz;izf; fhz;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. (2)

14 ÷ 7 } 2

x 11111 22222 33333 44444 55555 66666 77777 88888 99999 1 01 01 01 01 011111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1022222 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2033333 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 3044444 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 4055555 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5066666 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 6077777 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 7088888 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 8099999 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 901 01 01 01 01 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

72 ÷ 8 ,d; ngWkhdk; ahJ?

72 tiuapy; epiu 8 ,y; tpuiyf;

nfhz;L nrd;W mq;fpUe;J Neu; NkNy

KjyhtJ epiuf;Fr; nry;tjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. ^9&

vdNt 72 ÷ 8 } 9 MFk;.


gad;gLj;Jtjpy; ek;gpf;if Vw;gLk;

tiua py ; gy ;NtW ga pw ; r pfis

toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


rupahf tFf;f Kbahj vz;nzhd;iw

Kd;itAq;fs;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> 39÷7epiu 7 ,d; topNa nry;Yk;NghJ 35

ck; 42 ck; fhzg;gLk;. Mdhy; 35

,y; 5 VOfs; cs;sd. vdNt tpil

5 ck; 4 kPjpAk; MFk;.

vdNt tpil 5 kPjp 4

39 ÷ 7 } 5 kPjp 4

fPo;fhZk; tpjkhd fzf;nfhd;iwf;

fUk;gyifapNy vOJq;fs;.

7 497

,f;fzf;ifr; nra;Ak; tpjj;ijg;

gpd;tUkhW tpsf;Fq;fs;. ghlk; 1 ,y;

9 516 vDk; fzf;if tpsf;fpaJ

Nghd;W gpd;tUk; tFj;jy; fzf;ifAk;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

71 7 497

49 07

7 0

497 ÷ 7 } 71

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd fzf;Ffisr;

nra;Ak; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

8 43554

8 43540 35 32 3

jPu ;g ;Nghk;jPu ;g ;Nghk;jPu ;g ;Nghk;jPu ;g ;Nghk;jPu ;g ;Nghk;

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

(1)ngl;bnahd;wpy; 8 ge;Jfs; tPjk;

872 ge;Jfis itg;gjw;F vj;jid

ngl;bfs; Njit?

109 8 872

807 0 72 72

0Njitahd ngl;bfspd;

vz;zpf;if } 109


f Po ;tUk; tFj;jy; fzf;Ffis

mg;gbKiwfspd; topNa gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfq;fspy; nra;tjw;F khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

1& 7 747 2& 8 169 3& 7 638

4& 8 830 5& 7 516 6& 8 978

mJNghd;W gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpyhd

Nfhyq;fisAk; ,dq;fhz;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

5 50 5007 35 7 350 7 3500

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



Nkw;$wg;gl;l Nju;r;rp kl;lj;Jf;F Vw;w

rthy ;fSldhd g p ur pdq ;fis

tFg ;g py ; Kd ;itAq ;fs ; . ,g ; -

gpurpdq;fis Kd;itf;Fk;NghJ>

vspikahd njhFjpfs; nfhz;l

tpdhf;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 1 :

nghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njupT-

nra;Aq;fs;.

1& 6 450

1& 30 2& 71 3& 75

2& 6 606

1& 101 2& 11 3& 120

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 2 :

1& 807 Gj;jfq;fis xUtUf;F

9 tPjk; gpupj;Jf; nfhLg;gjw;F

Vw;w kpff;$Ljyhd khztu;

vz;zpf;if ahJ?

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9%tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9%tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9%tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9%tpyf ;fq ;fSf ;F Nkw ;glhj vz;fis 6>7 >8 >9

Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.Mfpa vz;fshy; tFf;Fk; jpwd; ngWthu;.


2& 1 8 9 mu p r p %ilfs ; 9

kj ; j pa e piyaq ;fSf ;F

tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.

xU epiyaj;Jf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;

muprp %ilfspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 3 :

28 tpilahfg; ngwg;gLk; gpurpdj;ijj;

njupTnra;Aq;fs;.

1& 6 252

2& 9 252

3& 6 254

Nkw;$wg;gl;l tpjkhfg; gpurpdq;fis

tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;J> mtw;iwj;

jPu;g;gjw;F khztu;fsJ cjtpiag;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.



Nkw;$wg;gl;lit Nghd;w gpurpdq;-

fs ; mlq ;f pa ml ;ilfisf ;

nfhLj;J mtw;iwj; jPu;g;gjw;F

topfhl;Lq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfisr; Nrfupj;J epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.

fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;ba juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;ghu;.

fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.fhl;lg;gl;l juTfis tpsf;Fthu;.

juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1juTfisf; ifahSjy; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

16 16 16 16 16


³ ml;ltiz ³ epuy; tiuG

³ jlitfs; ³ fpil mr;R

³ epiyf;Fj;J mr;R


³ ml;ltiz> tiuG tiut-

jw;fhd fljhrp

³ FOTf ;F xd ;W t Pjk ;

jhaf ;fl ;ilfs ; (1 - 6 tiu

Fwpf;fg;gl;lit)


tFg ; G khztUila FLk ; g

mq;fj;jtu; gw;wp ciuahLq;fs;.

rNfhju> rNfhjupfs; cs;stu;fs;>

my;yhjtu;fs; njhlu;ghf tprhupj;J

gpd;tUk; tpjkhf ml;ltizapy;

Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

FLk;g tpguk; jlitfs; khztu;

rNfhju rNfhjupfs; njhif

rNfhjuu;fs; kl;Lk;

cs;s khztu;fs; $$$$$ $$$ 8rNfhjupfs; kl;Lk;

cs;s khztu;fs; $$$$$ $$ 7rNfhjuu;fSk;

rNfhjupfSk; cs;s

khztu;fs; $$$$$ $$ 7rNfhju rNfhjupfs;

,y;yhj khztu;fs; $$$ 3

tFg;gpy; khztu; njhif Fiwthf

,Ug;gpd; (20 ,w;F Fiwthf) me;j

khztu;fsJ jfty;fisr; Nrfupg;

gjw;F Vw;w NtW tpjkhd ml;ltiz

nahd;iw Kd;itAq;fs;.

epuy; tiunghd;wpy; mj;jfty;fis

tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; Nghtjhff ;$w p >

khztUld; fye;JiuahbathW

ngupa mstpyhd fljhrpapy; my;yJ

fUk;gyifapy; epuy; tiuG xd;iwf;

fl ;bnaOg ;Gq ;fs ; . ,j py ; f pil

mr;r pYk; epiyf;Fj;J mr;r pYk;

fhl;lg;gLtJ ahnjd khztuplk;

tpdTq;fs;.

tiuG njhlu ; g hf ,yFthd


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1' rNfhjuu;fs; kl;Lk; cs;s

khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?

2' rNfhju rNfhjupfs; ,y;yhj

khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?

3' rNfhjuu;fs; cs;s khztu;fspd;

vz;zpf;if ahJ?

4' rNfhjupfs; cs;s khztu;fspd;

vz;zpf;if ahJ?

khztu; vz;z

pf;if

FLk;g

tpguk;

rNfhjuu;fs;

kl;Lk; cs;s

rNfhjupfs;

kl;Lk; cs;s

rNfhjuu;fSk;

rNfhjupfSk;

cs;s

rNfhju

rNfhjupfs;

,y;yhj

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;$ba vz;zpf ;ifahd juTfis tiunghd;wpy ;

tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;J mtw;iw thrpg;ghu;.



³ tiuG tiutjw;fhfg; ngupa

mstpyhd fljhrpfs; (FOTf;F

xd;W tPjk;)

³ tiuG tiutjw;fhf nghUj;j-

khd jfty ;fs ; mlq ;f pa

ml;ltiz (mwpKfk; kw;Wk;

FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhf)


tFg;g py ; cs;s khztu;fsplk ;

mtu;fs; tpUk;Gk; nry;yg; gpuhzpfs;

njhlu;ghf tpdhTq;fs;.

khztu ; FOnthd;W mjpfkhf

tpUk;Gk; nry;yg; gpuhzpfs; gw;wpr;

Nrfupf;fg;gl;l jfty;fs; mlq;fpa

ml ;ltiznahd ;W cq ;fs plk ;

,Ug;gjhff; $wp> gpd;tUk; tpjkhd

ml;ltiznahd;iw Kd;itAq;fs;.

nry;yg;gpuhzp khztu;

vz;zpf;if

eha; 18G+id 17mzpy; 15fpsp 12ikdh 14


tFg ; G khztiuf ; FOf ;f -

shf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; jhaf;fl;il>

ml ; ltiz kw ;Wk ; tiuG

tiutjw;fhd fljhrp vd;gtw;iw

toq;Fq;fs;.

Kjy py ; g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd

ml;ltiznahd;iw tiuAkhW

$Wq;fs;.

ngWkhdk <l;Lf;fspd; jlitfspd;

jlitfs; nkhj;j

vz;zpf;if vz;zpf;if

1

2

3

4

56

FOtpYs;s xt;nthU khztDk;

khw;wp khw;wpj; jhaf;fl;ilia

FYf;f pg ; Nghl ;L> ngwg ;gl ;l

<l;Lf;fspd; jlitfisf; Fwpg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thW 30 jlit tiuapy;

j haf ; fl ;ilia cUl ;lTk ; >

ngwg;gl;l <l;Lf;fspd; jlitfisf;

Fwpj ;Jf; nfhs;sTk; khztu;

FOf;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

xt;nthU ngWkhdq;fSf;Fk;

cupa NfhLfis vz;zp> nkhj;j

vz;zpf;if epuypy; vOJkhW

$Wq;fs;.

ml ; ltiziaj ; jahu pj ;Jf ;

nfhz ;l g pd ; G > FOt pYs ;s

midtUk; ,ize;J ml;ltiz-

apYs;s jfty;fis epuy; tiu

nghd ;w py ; tiff ;Fw pg ; gjw ;F

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

epuy; tiugpy; fhl;lg;gl;l juTfs;

njhlu ;ghf> ,ad;w tiuapy ;

thf;fpaq;fs; vOJtjw;F topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.


xt ;nthU FOTk ; jahu pj ; j

tiuGfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;g

jw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,j;juTfis khztUld; Nru;e;J

epuy; tiunghd;wpy; tiff;Fwpg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. (xU fl;lk; ,U

khztu ; fis tiff ;Fw pf ;Fk ; ;

tpjkhf.)

khztu; mjpfk; tpUk;Gk;

nry;yg; gpuhzpfs;

18

16141210 8 6 4

2

eha; G+id mzpy; fpsp ikdh

juTfis tiugpy; tiff;Fwpf;Fk;

NghJ xU fl;lj;jpy; ,U vz;zpf;if

tiff;Fwpf;fg;gLtij ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

17 IAk; 15 IAk; tiugpw; Fwpf;Fk;


xU fl ;lk ; 2 vz;zpf ;ifiaf;

Fwpg ;gjhy;> xU vz;zpf;ifia

fhl;Ltjw;F fl;;lj;jpd; miug;gFjpapy;

Fw pf ; f Ntz ;Lk ; vd ; gijj ;

njspTgLj;jp 17> 15 Mfpa vz;fs;

tiugpy; tiff;Fwpf;fg;gLk; tpjj;ij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

tiugpy; tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfs;

njhlu ;ghf tpdhf ;fis tpdtp>


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1. khztu;fspy; mjpfkhdtu;fs;

tpUk;Gk; nry;yg; gpuhzp vJ?

2. G+idiatpl ehia tpUk;GNthu;

vj;jid Ngu;?

3. kpUfq;fis tpUk;Gfpd;w khztu;

njhif ahJ?

4. gwitfis tpUk;Gfpd;w khztu;

njhif ahJ?

5. jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;t-

jw;fhf ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;l

khztu; njhif ahJ?

6. gwitfistpl kpUfq ;fis

tpUk;Gk; khztu;fspd; KOj;

njhif ahJ?

7. kpUfq;fis tpUk;Gk; khztu;

vz;zpf ;iff ;F rkdhtjw ;F

gwitfis tpUk;Gk; khztu;

vj;jid Ngu; ,d;Dk; Njit?


tFg;G khztiuf; FOf;fshf;fp>

xt ; nthU FOTf ;Fk ; tiu

nghd;iw tiutjw;Fg; ngupa

mst pyhd fljhr pnahd ;iw

toq;Fq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; cs;s

jfty;fisf; fl;lnkhd;W ,uz;L

vz;zpf;ifia tiff;Fwpf;FkhW

fhl;Ltjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mjpfk; tpUk;Gk; goq;fs;

goq;fs; khztu; vz;zpf;if

kh 13nfha;ah 8Njhil 9thio 10gyh 16

fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l epuy; tiugpy;

cs;s juTfis cs;slf;fpa

thf;fpaq;fs; rpytw;iw vOJ-



khztu; FO fl;bnaOg;gpa epuy;

tiuG kw;Wk; vOjpa juTfis

tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjw;F xOq;F

nra;Aq;fs;.

tiuigAk ; jfty ;fisAk ;

khztu; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy;

gpujpnra;J nfhs;tjw;F topg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

nry;yg;

gpuhzp

khztu; vz;z

pf;if

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;$ba vz;zpf;ifahd juTfis epuy; tiunghd;wpy;

tiftiftiftiftiff;f;f;f;f;Fwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l jFwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l jFwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l jFwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l jFwpg;ghu;. epuy; tiugpw; Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTuTuTuTuTfisfisfisfisfis

thrpg;ghu;.thrpg;ghu;.thrpg;ghu;.thrpg;ghu;.thrpg;ghu;.



³ KO tFg ;Gf ;Fk ; mw pKfk ;

nra;tjw;Fk;> FOr; nraw;ghl;L-

f;fhfTk; $ba vz;zpf;ifAs;s

juTfs; cs;slq;fpa ml;ltiz

(epuy; tiugpd; xU fl;lk; 5

vz;zpf;ifiaf; tiff;Fwpf;Fk;

juTfs; mlq;fpaJ.)

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: xU thu fhyj;jpy;

tFg;G khztuJ tuT.

ehs; r%fkspj;j

khztu; njhif

jpq;fs; 25nrt;tha; 30Gjd; 30tpahod; 25nts;sp 20

³ gj;jpupiff; filnahd;wpy; xU

thuj;Jf;Fs; tpw;gid nra;ag;-

gl ;l rpWtu; gj;jpu piffspd;

vz;zpf;if.

ehs; tpw;fg;gl;l gj;jpupif

vz;zpf;if

jpq;fs; 40 nrt;tha; 30 Gjd; 35 tpahod; 25 nts;sp 40

³ tiuG tiutjw;fhd jhs;.


tsq;fspy; Fwpg ;gpl ;lthW mjpf

vz;zpf;ifahd jfty;fs; cs;s

lq ;f pa ml ;ltiziaf ; fUk ;

gyifapy; my;yJ ngupa mstpyhd

jhs; xd;wpy; vOjp khztUf;F Kd;

itAq;fs;.

mjpYs;s jfty;fs; njhlu ;ghf


xU fl;lj;jpy; Ie;J vz;zpf;ifiaf;

Fwpf;Fk; tpjkhf epuy; tiuig

mikf;Fk; tpjj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

tiug py ; Fw pf ;fg ;gl ;l juTfs ;

njhlu ;ghf tpdhf ;fis tpdtp >



tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W>

jfty;fs; mlq;fpa ml;ltiz

kw;Wk; tiuig tiutjw;fhf

ngupastpyhd jhs; xt;nthd;iw

FOf;fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

ml;ltizapy; cs;s jfty;fis

cs;slf;f p xU fl;lk ; Ie;J

vz;zpf;ifia tiff;Fwpf;Fk;

t pjkhf e puy ; tiunghd ;iw

tiutjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.

fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l epuy; tiugpy;

cs;s juTfis cs;slf;fpr; rpy

thf ; f paq ; fis vOJtjw ;F



khztu; FO fl;bnaOg;gpa epuy;

tiuGfisAk; vOjpa jfty;-

fisAk; tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjw;Fr;


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


xU tpahghupaplkpUe ;j goq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if


NkNy tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;lthW epuy;

tiuGfis xt;nthd;whf khztUf;F

Kd ;itj ;J mj py ; jfty ;fs ;

tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpjk; gw;wp

fye ;JiuahLq ;fs ; . khztu ;

cjtpAld; mtw;iw thrpAq;fs;.


tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;lthW tiuGfs;

rpytw;iwj; jahupj;Jf; nfhz;L>

FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhf khztUf;F

toq;Fq;fs;.


³ epuy; tiuG ³ fpil mr;R

³ epiyf;Fj;J mr;R


³ gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gy;NtW

juTfs; Fwpf ;fg ;gl ;l e puy ;

tiuGfs; rpy.

xU kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;Fs; efUf;Fs;Ns

Eioe;j thfdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

12 10 8 6 4 2

thfdq;fs;

khztu; FOnthd;W ghlrhiyf;F

tUifjUk; tpjk;

24 21 18 15 12

96

3

ghlrhiyf;F tUifjUk; tpjk;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:e p uy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfise puy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfise puy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfise puy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfise puy ; tiug py ; tiff ;Fw pf ;fg ; gl ; l juTfis

thrpg ;ghu ; .thrpg ;ghu ; .thrpg ;ghu ; .thrpg ;ghu ; .thrpg ;ghu ; .


ele;J

NgUe;J; tz;bapy;

Ntdpy;

Giftz;bapy;

vz

;zpf;if

irf;fps;

NgUe;J

tz

;b

Nkhll;u;

irf;fps;

Kr;rfu

tz;b

fhu;

vz

;zpf;if

Kr;rf;fu

tz;bapy;

thfdk;

md;dhrp

khk;gok;

gg;ghrp

thio

nfha;ah

vz

;zpf;if

goq;fs;

504540353025201510 5

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


jkJ FO ngw;Wf;nfhz;l tiugpy;

tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l rpy juTfs;

njhlu;ghf thf;fpaq;fis vOJ

khW $Wq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTk;; %d;W ntt;NtW

tiuGfisNaDk; thrpg;gjw;F

Vw;wthW FOf;fspilNa mtw;iw

khw;wpf; nfhz;L nraw;ghl;by;

<LgLtjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.


FOr; nraw;ghl;bd;NghJ xt;nthU

FOTf;Fk; ,ilf;fpilNa nrd;W

khztu;fs; tiuigr; rupahf

thr pf ; f pd ; w h u ; fsh vd ; gij


mtrpakhd khztUf;F cjtp

toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:gad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;sgad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;sgad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;sgad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;sgad;ghl;by; cs;s ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfspy; cs;s

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gz;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.



³ &gha; ³ rjk;

³ jhs; ³ ehzak;


³ cz;ikahd ehzaq;fSk;

jhs;fhRfSk;

³ Gj ; js p g ; G ehzaq ;fSk ;

jhs;fhRfSk;


ehzaq;fis Nkirapy;itj;J>

tFg;g py ; cs;s khztiu xU

jlitf;F xUtu; tPjk; mioj;J>

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;>

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

• 25 rj ehzaj;ij vLj;J tFg;Gf;Ff;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

• 50 rj ehzaj;ij vLj;J tFg;gpw;Ff;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

• $ba ngWkhdKs;s ehzaj;ijf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

• xU ehzaj ;ij vLj ;J mjd;

ngWkhdk; vt;tsT vdf; $Wq;fs;.

• ,JNghd;W ghtidapYs;s midj;J

ehzaq;fs; gw;wpAk; tpdTq;fs;.

ehzaq;fspd; tpj;jpahrk; gw;wpf;

fye;JiuahLk;NghJ mtw;wpd; epwk;>

msT> epiw> jahu pj ;j tUlk;

vd;gtw;Wf;fika mit NtWgLk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;gzk; njhlu ;ghd fzpjr ; nraw;ghLfisr;

nra;thu ; .nra;thu ; .nra;thu ; .nra;thu ; .nra;thu ; .

gzk; 1gzk; 1gzk; 1gzk; 1gzk; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

17 17 17 17 17

ghtida pYs ;s jhs ;fhRfis

,dq;fhZjy; gw;wp tpsf;Fq;fs;.

(vLj;Jf;fhl;L:- ghJfhg;Gf; NfhLfs;>

e Pu ; milahsk; Nghd;w tpNrl

FwpaPLfs;)


tFg;igg; nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpy;

FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOtplKk; xU njhif

ehzaq;fs; cs;sdth vd;gijg;

ghUq;fs; . r py jhs;fhRfis

midtUk; ghu ;f ;ff ;$bathW

itAq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fisf; fUk;-

gyifapy; my;yJ ngupa fl

jhr pa py ; vOJq;fs ; . my;yJ

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; tpdhf;fspd;

gpujpfs; xt;nthd;W toq;Fq;fs;.

1. &gha; 1000 jhs;fhrpd; epwk;

vd;d?

2. njspthfj; njupfpd;w xsp CLGF

jd;ik cs;s jhs;fhR ahJ?

3. gr;ir epwj; jhs;fhRfspy; kpfTk;

ngWkjp Fiwe;j jhs;fhR ahJ?

4. xd;Wf;nfhd;W tpj;jpahrkhd ,U

epwq;fshy; Md cNyhfq;fshy;

Mf;fg;gl;l ehzak; ahJ?

5. &gha ; 500 jhs ;fhr py ; ,U

kdpjuJ cUtq;fs; cs;sd.

mtu ;fs ; thr pf ;Fk ; rq ;f Pj

thj;jpaq;fs; ahit?

6. &gha; 500 jhs;fhrpd;; gpd;Gwj;jpy;

,Ug ; gJ ve ;jg ; gwita pd ;

cUtkhFk;?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


7. &gha; 10 jhs;fhrpd;; Kd;Gwj;jpy;

ve ;jg ; g p uhzpa pd ; cUtk ;

cs;sJ?

8. &gha ; 1 0 0 0 jhs ;f hr pd ;

Kd;Gwj;jpy; ve;jg; gpuhzpapd;

cUtk; cs;sJ?

9. &gha ; 2 0 0 0 jhs ;f hr pd ;

Kd;Gwj;jpy; cyf mjpraq;fspy;

xd;whff; fUjg;gLk; ,lj;jpd;

cUtk; cs;sJ. me;j ,lk;

ahJ?

10. &gha; 10 I tplf; $ba Mdhy;

&gha; 50 I tplf; Fiwe;j

ngWkj pAs ;s jhs ;f hr pd ;

gpd;Gwj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; kdpj

cUtq;fs; nra;tJ vd;d?

11. &gha; 100 jhs;fhrpd; gpd;Gwj;jpy;

fhzg;gLk; ngz; cUtk; nra;tJ

vd;d?

12. ve ; jnthU jhs ;f hirAk ;

ntspr;rj;ij Nehf;fpg; gpbf;Fk;

NghJ ntspg;gLk; FwpaPL ahJ?

13. &gha; 10 jhs;fhrpypUe;J 2000

&gh jhs;fhR tiu cs;s

jhs ;fhRfs pd ; nkhj ; jg ;

ngWkhdk; vd;d?

14. tpUk;g pa jhs;fhR xd;iwj;

nju pTnra ;J mJ gw ; w pa

tpguq;fis vOJq;fs;.

15. vy;yh jhs;fhRfSf;Fk;; cs;s

nghJthd gz;G vd;d?

FOr; nraw;ghL epiwTngw;w

gpd;du; khztUld; tpilfs; gw;wpf;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.


jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jq;fspy; gpd;tUk;

gpurpdq;fis vOjpf; nfhs;sTk;.

tpilfisf; $wTk; topg;gLj;-

Jq;fs;.

1. 50 rjk;> xU &gha;> &gha; 2>

&gha; 10 Mfpa ehzaq;fspd;

,UGwq;fisAk; jdpj;jdpahf

xd;Wf;nfhd;W mUNf mr;Rg;-

gjpAq;fs;.

2. tpil vOJq;fs;.

i. nts;sp epwky;yhj tl;l

tbtkhd ehzankhd;wpd;

ngaiuf; $Wq;fs;.

ii. njspthd gpsh];jpf; gFjp

xd;Ws;s jhs;fhR ahJ?

iii. &gha; 100 jhs;fhrpd; epwk;ahJ?

iv. ngWkjp $ba jhs;fhR

ahJ?

v. &gha; 10 ,Yk; $ba>

&gha; 500 ,Yk; Fiwe;j

jhs;fhRfspy; xt;nthd;W

tPjk; vLj;jhy; mtw;wpd;

nkhj ; jg ; ngWkhdk ;

vt;tsT?

vi. typjhd jhs;fhir ,dq;

fhz;gjw;F gpujhdkhff;

ftdpf;f Ntz;ba gz;Gfs;

%d;iw vOJq;fs;.

vii.&gha; 10 jhs;fhRf;Fk;

&gha; 100 jhs;fhRf;Fk;

,ilNa cs;s jhs; fhR

fspy; ngWkjp Fiwthd

jhs;fhR vJ?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;tpiyiaf; fzpg;gjw;F ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfs;

vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.vd;gd njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.



³ gy;NtW nghUs;fspd; tpiy Fwpf;fg;gl;l tpiyg;gl;bay;

³ A4 mstpyhd fljhrp

tpiyg;gl;bay;

ngd;rpy; ngd;rpy; Ngid tiujy; Gj;jfk; ePu;tu;zg;ngl;b

&gha; 5 rjk; 50 &gha;11 rjk; 25 &gha; 14 rjk; 50 &gha; 26 rjk; 50 &gha; 40 rjk; 75

ge;J Js;sy; fapW nghk;ik fpupf;fw; kl;il ijg;Gj;jfk;

&gha; 19 rjk; 25 &gha; 60 &gha; 75 &gha; 215 &gha; 30

rl;il Nkw;rl;il rl;il fhw;rl;il fhyzp

&gha; 150 &gha; 175 &gha; 110 &gha; 190 &gha; 595 rjk; 90

ghlrhiy ig glj;jhs; njhg;gp Neu;tpspk;G ngd;rpy; ngl;b

&gha; 375 &gha; 3 rjk; 25 &gha; 75 &gha; 12 rjk; 50 &gha; 69 rjk; 75


jhs;fhRfspdJk; ehzaq;fspdJk;

rpwpa msthd $l;ly; gapw;rpfSf;Fj;

Njitahd r py t pdhf ; fis

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

10 rjj;jpdJk; 5 rjj;jpdJk;

$l;Lj;njhif ahJ? (15 rjk;)


$l;Lj;njhif ahJ? (75 rjk;)


50 rjj;jpdJk; $l;Lj;njhif

ahJ? (85 rjk;)

25 rjj;jpdJk; 50 rj ehzak;

,uz;bdJk; $l;Lj;njhif ahJ?

(1 &gha; 25 rjk;)


$l;Lj;njhif ahJ?

(&gha; 1 rjk; 50)

&gha; 2 ,dJk; &gha; 5 ,dJk;

$l;Lj;njhif ahJ? (&gha; 7)

&gha; 2 ,dJk; 1 &gha; 50 rjk;

,dJk; $l;Lj;njhif ahJ?

(&gha; 3 rjk; 50)

tpUk;gpa jhs;fhR xd;wpy; fhzg;gLk;

cUtj ;ijg ; ngau ; Fwpg ;gjw ;F


khztUf ;F tpiyg ;gl ;baiyf ;

fhl;Lq;fs;. (khztUf;Fg; gof;fkhd

tpiyAs;s mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s

nghUs;fisf; Fwpf ;Fk; tpiyg;

gl ;bay ; xd ;iw cq;fSf ;nfd

jahupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.)

tpUg;Gld; Kd;tUk; khztd; xUtiu

mioj;Jg; nghUnshd;wpd; ngaiuf;

$WkhW $Wq;fs;. mjd; tpiyia

kw;iwa khztu;fs; thrpg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thW gy jlitfs; nghUs;fis

khw;wp khw;wpf; $wpa gpd;du;> gpd;tUk;

t pjkhd ghj ;j puNkw ;W ebj ;jy ;

%ykhf > ,U nghUs ;fs pd ;

t piyiaf ; $l ;Ltjw ;F to pg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


fUk;gyifapy; cs;s tpiyg;

gl;baiyg; gad;gLj;jp khzt-

nuhUtu; jhd; tpUk;Gk; nghUs;

xd ;w pd ; t piyiaj ; jhs py ;

vOJthu;.

,d;ndhU khztu; jhd; tpUk;Gk;

nghUnshd;wpd; tpiyia Kd;du;

vOjpa tpiyapd; fPo; vOJthu;.

gpd;du; FOtpYs;Nshu; xd;WNru;e;J

mjidf; $l;Ltu;. rup gpio

ghu;g;gu;.

,t;thW xt;nthU FOtpYk;

cs ;s rfyUk ; t piyia

vOJtjw;Fk; $l;Lj;njhifiaf;

fhz;gjw;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;F-

khW ,jidg; gyjlit nra;a

Ntz;Lk; vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

$ba vz;zpf;ifahd fzf;F-

fisr; nra;Ak; FO ntw;wp ngWk;

vdf; $Wq;fs;.


xt ;nthU khztUk ; jhd ;

tpUk;gpathW tpiyg; gl;baypy;

,Ue ;J ,U nghUs ;fs pd ;

tpiyfis vOjpf; $l;Ltjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

xt;nthUtUk; 5 fzf;Ffis

NaDk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

khztu ; Ntiyapy ; <Lgl ;b

Uf;Fk;NghJ mtu;fspilNa nrd;W

gzj;njhiffs; nfhz;l fzf;F

fisr; rupahfr; nra;fpd;wduh vdg;

ghUq;fs;.


nky;yf; fw;NghUf;fhf &gha;fspy;

kl;Lk; tpiy Fwpf;fg;gl;L cs;s

nghUs ;fisj ; nju pTnra ;J

toq;Fq;fs;.

Ntfkhff; fw;NghUf;Fg; gpd;tUk;

t pjkhd g p u r pdnkhd ;iw

Kd;itAq;fs;.

xU khztd; - Kjyhsp

,d;ndhU khztd; - nghUs; thq;Fgtu;

nghUs; thq;Fgtu; :

Kjyhsp> ngd;rpy; ciwnahd;wpd; tpiy

vd;d?

Kjyhsp :

11 &gha;> 25 rjk; jk;gp.

(fUk;gyifapy; tpiyia vOJthu;.

& r

11 25

nghUs; thq;Fgtu; :

Kjyhsp vdf;F xU rpj;jpug; Gj;jfk;

Ntz;Lk;.

Kjyhsp :

&gha; 26 rjk; 50 MFk;.

(Kjypy; vOjpa tpiyapd; fPo; vOJthu;.)

& r

11 25

26 50

nkhj;jk;

nghUs; thq;Fgtu;: Kjyhsp ,uz;bw;Fk;

vt;tsT juNtz;Lk;?

Kjyhsp : ehk; $l;bg; ghu;g;NghNk..

(,UtUk; $l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhz;gu;.

Mr p u paUk ; khztu ;fSk ; ,j py ;

fye;Jnfhs;tu;.)

,q ;F t piyfisr ; ru pahf

vOJtjw ;F khztiu to pg ; g

Lj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thwhfg; nghUs; thq;FgtiuAk;

KjyhspiaAk; nghUs;fisAk;

khw;wp> tpiyfspd; $l;Lj;njhifiaf;

fhZk ; ga pw ; r pa py ; khztiu

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.


khztiu mWtu ; nfhz ;l

FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

mwpf ;ifg;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jhs;

xt;nthd;W tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


cq;fsplk; &gha; 100 kl;Lk;

cz;nldf; fUJq;fs;. mijf;

nfhz;L cq;fs ; ez;gUf ;F

xd;Wf;nfhd;W tpj;jpahrkhd $ba

vz ;z pf ;ifahd gu p Rfis

thq;Ftjw;fhfj; jug ;gl ;Ls;s

tpiyg;gl;baypy; ,Ue;J>

1. ePq;fs; njupTnra;af;$bait

ahit?

2. g u p RfSf ;fhf nrYj ;jg ; gl

Ntz;ba nkhj;j gzj;njhif

vt;tsT?

3. cq;fsplk; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; gzk;

vt;tsT?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: gzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpagzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpagzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpagzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpagzk; njhlu;Gila $l;ly;> fopj;jy; cs;slq;fpa

vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.vspikahd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr; nra;thu;.



³ Kd;ida ghlj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa

tpiyg;gl;bay; (,y;iynadpy;

nghUj;jkhd tpiyg;gl;bay;

xd;iwj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;S-

q;fs;.)


khztUf ;F kdf ; fz pjr ;

rthy;fis Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

- gpd;tUk; nghUs;fspd; tpiyfSf;-

f pilNa cs;s t pj ;j pahrk ;

vt;tsT?

- Ngdh xd;W &gha; 15>

- ngd;rpnyhd;W &gha; 6 (&gha; 9)

- ePu; tu;zk; &gha; 40>

- epwg;ngd;rpy; &gha; 55 (&gha; 15)

- mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfk; &gha; 14

rjk; 50

- rpj;jpug; Gj;jfk; &gha; 26 rjk; 50

(&gha; 12)

tpilaspf;Fk;NghJ tpiy Fiwe;j

nghUspy; ,Ue;J tpiy $ba nghUs;

tiu Kd;Ndhf;fp vz;Ztjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> &gha; 1> rjk; 50

,w;Fk; &gha; 5 ,w;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s

tpj;jpahrj;ijf; fhz;gjw;F Kjypy;

&gha; 1 rjk; 50 ,ypUe;J mLj;j

&gha; tiuapy; vz;zpdhy; rjk; 50

&gha; 2 ,ypUe;J &gha; 5 tiuapy;

&gha; 3.

vdNt nkhj;jk; &gha; 3 rjk; 50

MFk;.

k P j p g ; gzj ;ij toq ;Fk ; Ng hJ

Kd;Ndhf;fp vz;Zk; jpwd; kpfTk;

mtrpak; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;tjw;F gpd;tUk; vLj;Jf;-

fhl;Lf;fs; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

&gha; 10 jhs;fisf; nfhLj;J> &gha;

7> rjk; 25 ,w;F xU nghUis

thq;fpdhy; kPjkhf cs;s gzk;

vt ;tsT vd ;W khztu ;fs plk ;

tpdTq;fs;. Kjypy; &gha; 7 rjk; 25

,ypUe;J mLj;j &gha; tiuapy;

Kd;Ndhf;fp vz;ZtJ mtrpak; vd

tpsf;Fq;fs;. &gha; 7 rjk; 50 If;

$l;Lq;fs;. gpd;du; &gha; 8 ,ypUe;J

&gha; 10 tiu ,d;Dk; 2 If;

$l;Lq;fs;. mjd;gb kPjp &gha; 2 rjk;

75 MFk; . fUk;gyifapy ; ,g ; -

gbKiwia Kd;itAq;fs;.

25 rjk;; 50 rjk;; &gha; 2

$l;Lq;fs; $l;Lq;fs; $l;Lq;fs;

7'25 7'50 8'00 10'00&gha; 2+rjk;50 + rjk; 25 = &gha; 2 rjk; 75

midj;J khztUf;Fk; ek;gpf;if

Vw;gLk; tiuapy; khztupd; gq;F-

gw;WjYld; gy jlitfs; ,jidr;

nra;Aq;fs;.


,UtupUtuhf Ntiynra ;AkhW

khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

xU khztid fil KjyhspahfTk;

,d ;ndhU khztid nghUs ;

thq;FgtuhfTk; nraw;gLtjw;F

mwpTiu toq;Fq;fs;.

t piyg ; gl ; bay pd ; gb > ,uz ;L

nghUs ;fis thq ;f p > ,uz ;L

nghUs;fspd; tpiyapd; $l;Lj ;

njhifia tpl> $ba ngWkjpAs;s

jhs;fhR xd;iwf; nfhLj;J nfhLf;fy;

thq;fy;fspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

,U khztu ;fis khw ;w pkhw ;w p

,r;nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf:

nghk;ik xd;W &gha; 75> fhyzp

&gha; 595 rjk; 90. nkhj;jk; &gha;

670 rjk; 90. &gha; 1000 ,y;

vt;tsT kPjkhFk;?

rjk; 10 + &gha; 9 + &gha; 20 + & 300

670.90 671 680 700 1000

&gha; 300 + &gha; 20 + &gha; 9 + rjk;10 = &gha; 329 rjk; 10

Nkw;$wg ;gl ;l tpilia ,t;thWk;

jPu;f;fyhk;.

&gha; 330 $l;Lq;fs;.

670 1000 90 rjj;ijf; fopAq;fs;330 329'10


1. &gha; 8> rjk; 50 tpiyAs;s

khk;gok; xd;iw thq;fp> &gha;

10 ehzaj;ijf; nfhLj;jhy;

fpilf;Fk; kPjpg;gzk; vt;tsT?

2. &gha; 50 nfhLj;J gg;ghrpg;gok;

xd;iw thq;fpaNghJ kPjpg ; -

gzkhf rjk ; 50 + &gha ;

2 + &gha; 5 fpilj;jd. fpilj;j

kPjpg;gzk; vt;tsT? gg;ghrpg;

goj;jpd; tpiy vt;tsT?

3. &gha; 12 ,w;F Njhlk;gok;

xd;Wk; &gha; 4 rjk; 50 ,w;F

khk;gok; xd;Wk; thq;fpa gpd;

&gha; 50 jhs;fhirf; nfhLj;jhy;

k Pj pahff ; f pilf ;Fk ; gzk;

vt;tsT?

4. xU ehzaj;jhy; kl;Lk; kPjpg;

gzj ;ij toq ;ff ;$bathW

ml;ltiziag; G+u;j;jp nra;-

Aq;fs;.

nghUSk; nrYj;jpa kPjpg;gzk;

tpiyAk; gzk;

Njhlk;gok;

&gha; 5 rjk; 75

ngd;rpy;

&gha; 14 rjk; 50



NghJ FOf;fspilNa nrd;W

mtjhd pAq ;fs ; . ,lu ; g ; gLk ;

khztUf;F &gha;fspy; tpiy

nfhz;l nghUs;fis kl;Lk ;

njupe;Jnfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.

tpiuthfTk; rupahfTk; nraw;

gLfpd;w khztUf;F jlitf;F

%d;W my;yJ ehd;F nghUs;

fisj; njupe;J $l;b> nfhLf;fy;

thq;fy;fspy; <LgLtjw;F xOq;F

nra;Aq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:ngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghdngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghdngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghdngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghdngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; cs;slq;fpa> gzk; njhlu;ghd

vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.vspikahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;Ak; jpwd; ngWthu;.



gpd;tUtd Nghd;w rpy kdf;fzpj

tpdhf;fis Kd;itj;J ghlj;jpy;

gpuNtrpAq;fs;.

- xU fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid 500

fpuhk;fs; cs;sd?

- fpNyhfpuhk; &gha; 100 MfTs;s

jhdpa tifnahd;wpy; 500 fpuhk;

jhdpaj;jpd; tpiy vd;d?

- 10 Kl;ilfs; cs;s ngl;b

nahd;wpd; &gha; 120 Mapd;> xU

Kl;ilapd; tpiy vd;d?

- xd;W &gha; 20 tpiyAs;s

kpl;lha;fspy; 5 kpl;lha;fs;

thq;Ftjw;F vt;tsT gzk;

Njit?

NkNy Fwpg ;g pl ;l tpdhf;fSf;F

tpilaspf;f Kbahj khztu;fs;

,Uf;fyhk;. mt;tpdhf;fspy; kPz;Lk;

ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jp> mt;thwhd

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ehk; vd;d nra;ayhk;

vd;gJ gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: xU fpNyhfpuhkpd;

tpiy &gha; 100 Mapd; 500

fpuhkpd; tpiyiaf; fhz;gjw;F

vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;? xU

fpNyhfpuhkpy; 500 fpuhk;fs; 2

cs;sd> vdNt &gha; 100 I 2

My; tFf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kpl;lha; xd;W &gha; 20 Mapd; 5

k p l ; l ha ; fs pd ; t piyiaf ;

fhz;gjw;F &gha; 20 I 5 My;

ngUf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

xU fpNyhfpuhk; muprp &gha; 70 Mapd;

5 fpNyhfpuhk; muprpapd; tpiyiaf;

fhz;gJ vg;gbnad tpdTq;fs;.

mjd;gb>

muprp xU fpNyhfpuhk; &gha; 70

muprp fpNyhfpuhk; 5 ,d; tpiy 70x5MFk;.

vdNt &gha; 350 MFk;.


³ nghUj;jkhfj; jahupj;Jf; nfhz;l tpiyg;gl;bay;

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

tpiyg;gl;bay;

nghUs; tpiy nghUs; tpiy

&. r &. r1kg rk;gh 70'00 100g kpsfha;j;J}s; 34'001kg gr;ir muprp 63'00 100g krhyhj;J}s; 17'001kg rPdp 58'00 100g kpsF 24'001kg gUg;G 210'00 1 ghy;kh gf;fw; 297'001kg fpoq;F 78'00 rtu;f;fhuk; 27'001kg ntq;fhak; 75'00 1l Njq;fha; vz;nza; 220'001kg Njapiy 375'00 1 Njq;fha; 23'001kg kh 67'50

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Njapiy fpNyhfpuhk; &gha; 375

MFk;. 200 fpuhk ; Njapiyapd;

t piyiaf ; fhz ; gJ vt ;thW

vd;gijf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

nghUspd; xU gFjpapd; tpiyiag;

ngUf ;Fjy ; my ;yJ tFj ;jy ;

nraw ;ghLfshy ; fzf ;Ffisf ;

fzpg;gJ njhlu;ghf> khztUf;F

ek ; g p f ;if Vw ; gLk ; tifa py ;

cjhuzq;fs; gytw;iwf; fye;;Jiu-

ahLq;fs;.


khztiu ,Utu ; ,Utuhf


tpiyg;gl;baiy midtUf;Fk;

nju pAk ; t pjkhff ; fhl ; r p g ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

xU khztd ; VNjDk ; xU

nghUisAk; mjd; msitAk;

$Wk;NghJ kw;iwa khztd;>

mjw;Fupa tpiyiaf; fzf;fpl

Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

,Utu; ,Utuhf re;ju;g ;gj;ij

khw;wpf; nfhz;L $ba vz;zpf;if

ahd fzf;Ffisr; nra;tjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

xt;nthU fzpjr; nra;ifAk;

epiwTw;w gpd;du; nrt;it ghu;j;J

mJgw;wpf; fye;Jiuahl Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.


FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W khztu;fsJ

,lu;ghLfis mwpe;J mtw;iwj;

jPu;g;gjw;F cjTq;fs;.

khzt Nrhbfspy; rfy khztUk;

,uz;L fzpjr; nra;iffspYk;

<LgLtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;fg;gl;L

cs;sjh vd;gij Nrhjpj ;Jg ;

ghUq;fs;. ,y;iynadpy; mjw;fhd

re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;Fq;fs;.

nky;yf; fw;Fk; khztUf;Fk;>

Ntfkhff; fw;Fk; khztUf;Fk;

,yFthdJk ; > rthy ;fSld ;

$baJkhd fzpjg; gapw;rpfisr;

nra;tjw ;fhd re ;ju ;g ;gq ;fis

Kd;itAq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: Nkw ;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;JNkw;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;JNkw;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;JNkw;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;JNkw;gug ;g pd ; gUkd;> gug ;gsT vd;gij mwpe ;J

nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .nfhs;thu ; .


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitf; fz;L rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;

fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.fl;ltiyapy; gug;gsit mse;J gjpg;ghu;.

gug;gsTgug;gsTgug;gsTgug;gsTgug;gsT thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

18 18 18 18 18


³ ntspg;Gwk; ³ gUkd;³ mfyk; ³ gug;gsT³ Nkw;gug;G


³ xNu mst pyhd ga pw ; r p g ;

Gj ;jfq;fs; (khztu; gad;-

gLj;Jgit)

³ xNu mstpyhd rpWtu; gj;jpupifj;

jhs;

³ ntw;Wg; ghy;kh igf;nfw;W


Mrpupa Nkirapd; ePsj;ijf; fhZk;

tpjk; gw;wp khztUld; fye;Jiu-

ahLq;fs;. mJNghyNt cauj;ijf;

fhZk; tpjj ;ijAk ; fye ;Jiu-

ahLq;fs;. mt;thwhapd; Mrpupa

Nkir Nkw;gug;gpd; msitf; fhZtJ

vg;gb? vDk; tpdhit khztuplk;

vOg;Gq;fs;.

mj;Jld; Nkw;gug;gpd; msitf; fhZk;

tpjk; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

,jw;fhf fPNo Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sit

Nghd ;w nraw ;ghLfisg ; gad ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

xNu msthd gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fis>

khztu; rpyiuf; nfhz;L> Nkirapd;

Nkw;gug;gpy; nghUj;Jq;fs;. (,q;F

Gj;jfq;fs; xt;nthd;Wk; tpspk;Gld;

nghUj;jp itf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.)

Nkirapd; Nkw;gug;ig %Ltjw;F

vj;jid mg;g pahrg ; Gj ;jfq;fs;

Njitg;gLk; vd;gijf; fzf;fpl;L>

mz;zsthff; $Wtjw;F topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thW Nkirapd; Nkw ;gug ;ig

msg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd Gj;jfq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if mk;Nkirapd; ntspg;

gug;gsT vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Nkira pd ; Nkw ;gug ; gsT = ...

mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfq;fs; MFk;.

,t;thW gug;gsT vd;gJ Nkw;gug;gpd;

gue;j msT vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.



FOf;fSf;Fupa rpWtu; Nkirapd;

Nkw;gug;igg; gy;NtW vNjr;irahd

myFfshy; msg;gjw;F topg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

gug;ig mz;zsthff; fzf;fpl;L

mwpf ;ifg ;gLj ;Jtjw ;F topg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: vkJ FO Nkirapd;

Nkw;gug;gpd; msT ... mg;gpahrg;

Gj;jfq;fs;..... MFk;. ntw;Wg;

ghy;kh igf;fw; ... MFk;.

xt;nthU FOTk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l

ngWNgWfis KO tFg;Gf;Fk;

Kd ;itg ; gjw ;Fr ; re ; j u ; g ; gk ;

toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


ehk; Nkirapd; Nkw;gug;igg; gy;NtW

vNjr ;irahd myFfshy ;

fzf;fpl;lhYk; jl;ilahd ve;j

Nkw;gug;gpd; gug;gsitAk; mt;thW

msf;fyhk; vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.


khztu;fs; xNu msthd gapw;rpg;

Gj ;jfq;fs; / ntw;Wg; ghy;kh

igf;fw;Wfis Nkirapd; Nkw;

Gwj ;ij KOikahf %Lk ;

tpjkhfg; nghUj;Jfpwhu;fsh vdf;

ftdpAq;fs;.

vy;yh khztUk; ,r;nraw;ghl;by;

<LgLf pd ; w h u ; fsh vd ; gij

mtjhdpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:

gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;gug ;gstpy ; xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l Nkw;gug ;Gfs;

,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ,uz;il> epak rJu myFfshy; mse;J kpff;$baJ

my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.my;yJ kpff; Fiwe;jJ vd xg;gpLthu;.



ngupa rpwpa

mz;zsthf tl;lj;jpd; gug;gsT

vjpu; jb


30cmx15cm msTs;sJk; 25cmx20cm

msTs;sJkhd 2 fdkhd fljhrpj;

Jz;Lfs;.

ntw;Wj; jPg;ngl;b

jghy; ml;ilfs; (gad;gLj;jpa

jPg;ngl;b> jghy; ml;ilfs;> Kd;dNu

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.)


tsq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l msTs;s

fdkhd fljhrpj; Jz;Lfs; ,uz;il

tFg;G khztUf;Ff; fhz;gpj;J

mtw;wpy; kpfg; ngupaJ vJ vd

tpdTq;fs;.

,e;j ,U fljhrpj; Jz;LfisAk;

xd ; w pd ; Nky ; xd ;iw itj ;J

xg;gpLkhW $Wq;fs;. ,t;thW ngupa

fljhrpia njupe;Jnfhs;s ,ayhjJ

Vd; vd;gijf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

mjdhy ; ,tw ;w pd ; gug ;gsit

VNjDk; xU myfpdhy; mse;J

nfhs ;s Ntz ;Lk ; vd ; gijf ;

$Wq;fs;.

,jw;fhf ,uz;L fljhrpfisAk;

NkirkPJ itj;J> xNu msthd

ntw;Wj;jPg;ngl;bfis Nkw;gug;gpy;

nghUj;jp itf;FkhW ,U khztu;-

fsplk; $Wq;fs;.

jPg;ngl;bfisf; fzf;fpl;L> $ba

gug;gsT nfhz;l fljhrpj; Jz;il

njupe;Jnfhs;s topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

xt;nthU gug ;gsitAk; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOjp> khztiuAk;

mtw ;iw vOj pf ; nfhs ;SkhW

$Wq;fs;.

KjyhtJ fljhrpj; Jz;bd; gug;gsT

... jPg;ngl;bfs;.

,uz;lhtJ fljhr pj ; Jz;bd ;

gug;gsT ... jPg;ngl;bfs;.

gug;gsitf; fz;Lnfhz;l tpjj;ij

tFg ; g py ; k Pz ;Lk ; gbg ; gbahf

tpsf;Fq;fs;.


xt ;nthU FOTf;Fk ; rhjhuz

msTs ;s jghYiwfs ; > r py

jghyl;ilfs;> ntw;Wj; jPg;ngl;bfs;

12 tiuapy; toq;Fq;fs;.

(jghyl ;ilf ;Fg ; gjpyhf> mNj

msTs;s jbj;j fljhrpj; Jz;L

xd;iwg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ghlj;ij

Kd;itg;gjw;F Kjy; ehs;> xt;nthU

khztUk; gad;gLj ;Jtjw ;nfd

jghyl;il> ntw;Wj;j Pg ;ngl ;bfs;

vd;gtw;iwg; NghjpasT nfhz;L

tUkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.)

jghyl;il> jghYiw ,itapuz;by;>

kpfg;ngupaJ vJ vd;gijf; fhZkhW

FOf ;fsplk ; $Wq ;fs ; . (,q ;F

mz ;zsthf gug ; gisitf ;

fzf;fpLtJ NghJkhdJ.)

tpiliaf; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;s

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

jghYiwapd; gug;gsT.../ jPg;ngl;bfs;

jghyl;ilapd; gug;gsT ...jPg;ngl;bfs;

kpfg; ngupaJ ...

xd;wpd;Nky; xd;iw itj;J xg;gpl

Kbahj Nkw;gug;Gfspd; gug;gsitf;

fhzTk; xg;gplTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:Nkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;irNkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;irNkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;irNkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;irNkw ; g u g ; g pd ; msit rJuq ; fs pd ; vNjr ;ir

myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.myFfshy; mse;J $Wthu;.


jiuapy; tiuag;gl ;l gpd;tUk;

tpjkhd ,U tbtq;fs;

20cm 30cm

40cm 30cm

xt;nthU FOTk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l

tpilfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itAq;fs;.


xNumsT Nghy; Njhw;wkspf;Fk;

xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l gUkd;

,uz;il Kd;itj;J mtw;w pd ;

gug;gsit vNjr;irahd myFfshy;

mse;J xg;gpLtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

e Pz;l jghYiwAk; miog;gpjo;

ciwAk;.


30cmx20cm mstpyhd jbj ;j

fljhrp> 20cmx2cm mstpyhd jbj;j

fljhrpj; Jz;L.

Bd;]; fl ;ilfspy ; E}Wfisf;

fhl;Lk; jl;ilfs;.

10cmx10cm rJuk; / ePz;l jghYiw

rJuf;fl;il / rJuKfp


30cmx20cm cs ;s jbj ; j

fljhrpj;Jz;Lk;> Bd;]; fl;ilfspy;

E}Wfisf; fhl;Lk; rJuj;jl;il

(10cmx10cm) my ;yJ mNj

msTs ;s fdkhd fljhr p j ;

Jz;Lfis tFg;G khztUf;Ff;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

30cmx20cm msTs;s jbg ;ghd

fljhr p k PJ rJuf ;fl ;ilfis

itf ;FkhW xU khztd plk ;

$Wq ;fs ; . jbj ;j fljhr pa pd ;

Nkw;wsj;jpd; gug;gsT 6 rJuf;

fl;ilfs; vd;gij khztUf;F

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

20cm 30cm

NkYk; mt;thwhd jl ;ilahd

Nkw;wsj;jpd ; gug ;gsit rJuf;

fl;ilfshy; msg;gjw;F topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: gapw;rpg; Gj;jfk;

nrq;Nfhzg; gyif

,t;thW mwpKfg;gLj;jpa gpd;du;>

Nkw;wsj;jpd; gug;gsit msg;gjw;F

kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd tbtk; vJntd



gpd;tUk; nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

r pWtu ; gj ;j pifj ;jhs ; xd ;w pd ;

gug ;gsit Bd ;] ; njhFj pa py ;

E}Wfisf; fhl;Lk; rJuf;fl;ilfshy;

my;yJ 10cmx10cm msTila

jbj ;j fljhr pj ; Jz ;Lfshy ;

msTq;fs;.

ePz;l mQ;rYiwapd; kPJ 2cmx2cm

msTs;s jbj;j fljhrp; Jz;Lfisg;

nghUj ; j p mjd ; gug ; gsitf ;

fhZq;fs;

jPg;ngl;bapd; gue;j Nkw;wsj;jpy;

nrd;upfpA+g; my;yJ 1cmx1cmx1cmmsthd rJuf;fl;ilfisg; nghUj;jp

mjd; gug;gsitf; fhZq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: xOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitxOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitxOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitxOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitxOq;fw;w tbtnkhd;wpd; gug;gsitr;r ;r ;r ;r ; rJuf;fl;l rJuf;fl;l rJuf;fl;l rJuf;fl;l rJuf;fl;l

ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp mz;zsthff; fhz;ghu;.


FOf;fspilNa nghUs;fis khw;wpf;

nfhs;sTk;> fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwpf;

nfhs;sTk; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

khztuJ tpilfis mwpf;ifg;-

gLj;JkhW $Wq;fs;.

rpWtu; gj;jpupif jhspd; gug;gsT

...... rJuf;fl;ilfs; MFk;.

ePz;l mQ;rYiwapd; gug;gsT ......

rJuf;fl;ilfshFk;.

jPg;ngl;bapd; gue;j Nkw;wsj;jpd;

gug;gsT ...... rJuf;fl;ilfs; MFk;.



NghJ > FOf ;fSf ;Fr ; nrd ;W

Njitahd topfhl;liy toq;F-

q;fs;.

jkJ mg;gpahrg; Gj;jfj;jpy; (rJuf;

Nfhbl;l) 5 rJuk; ePsk;> 2 rJuk;

mfykhd nrt;tfnkhd;iw tiue;J

mjpYs;s fl;lq;fisf; fzf;fpl;L

vOJtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


xOq;fw;w tbtk; fl;l tiy

miuf;fl;lk; xOq;fhd tbtk;

kpff; fpl;ba KOf; fl;lk;

fl;lj;jpd; miuthrp

mz;zsthf


ngupa mstpyhd ,uz;L ,iyfs;>

rpwpa mstpyhd gy;NtW tpjkhd

10 ,iyfs; tiuapy;.

XusT ngupa jbj;j fljhrp 5cmx5cmmstpy ; rJukpl ;l fl ;l tiy

(gp];l]; ml;il my;yJ nghf;];

Nghu;l;)

xspa+LGF fl;ltiy.


Kd;ida ghlq;fspy; ehk; nrt;tfk;/

rJuk ; Mf pa tbtq ;fs pd ;

gug;gsitf; fzf;fpl;l tpjj;ij

epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

,iyia KO tFg;Gf;Fk; fhz;gpj;J

mjd; gug;gsitf; fhz;gJ vt;thW


,jw;fhfg; gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fs;

Kd;itf;fg;glf;$Lk;. ,iy kPJ

jPg;ngl;b Nghd;wtw;iw itj;Jf;

fz;ffplyhk; vd rpyu; $wyhk;.

mt;thwhd fUj;Jf;fs; ,Ug;gpd;>

mjid nra;tjw;Fr; re;ju ;g ;gk ;

toq;Fq;fs;.

,iyia KOikahf %Lk ;

tifapy; mtw;iw itf;f Kbe;jhYk;

mjd ; msit mz ;zsthf

fzf;fpLtJ fbdkhFk; vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fl;l tiyapd; kPJ ,iyia itj;J

mjidr; Rw;wp tiue;J> gpd;du;

,iyia e Pf ;f pt pl ;L mjdhy ;

%lg;gl;l gug;gsitf; fhzyhk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

x √ √ x

√ √ √ √ √ x √ √ √ x

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


gpd;du; mjd; gug;gsitf; fhZk;


Kjypy; KOikahd rJuq;fisf;

fzf;fpLq;fs;. mjd; msitf;


gpd;du;> miuthrpf; ;Fk; mjpfkhf

cs;stw ;iwf ; fzf ;f pLq ;fs ; .

mjidAk; fPNo vOjpf; $l;Lq;fs;.

(rupahfg; ghjp ,Ug;gpd;> mtw;wpy;

,uz;il KOikahd xd;W vd;gjhf

vz;Zq;fs;.)

fUk;gyifapy; vOjpa vz;zpf;-

ifiaf; $l;Lq;fs;. tpilahfg;

ngw ;Wf ; nfhz ;l rJuq ;fs pd ;

vz;zpf;ifia ,iyapd; fpl;ba

gug ;gsT vd ;gijf ; Fw pj ;Jf ; -

nfhs;Sq;fs;.


xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xspa+LGF

fl;ltiynahd;W my;yJ tiuag;-

gl;l fl;ltiy mikg;G xd;Wk;

xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l mstpyhd

,iyiaAk; toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

A FOTf;F gyhtpiy

B FOTf;F nfha;ah ,iy

C FOTf;F vYkpr;ir ,iy

vd;wthW...

,iyapy; xspa+LGF fl;ltiyia

itj ;J> ,iyapd ; gug ;gsit

mz;zsthff; fhZkhW $Wq;fs;.

cjhuzkhff;

fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s

jhspd;

gug;gsT

KOikahd rJuk;

9

ghjp my;yJ mjw;F

mjpfkhf cs;s rJuk;

3

mz;zsthd rJuk;

1

xt;nthU FOTk; jkJ fz;L-

gpbg;igf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJ-

tNjhL> mtw;iwj; jkJ gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfj;jpYk; vOjpf; nfhs;tjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

gyh ,iya pd ; g ug ; gsT

rJuq;fs; ...

nfha;ah ,iyapd; gug;gsT

rJuq;fs; ...


fl ;lq ;fspd ; gFjpiag ; gw ;w pa

jPu;khdpj;jypy; ,lu;g;gLk; khztiu

,dq;fhZq;fs;.

mtu;fSf;Fj; Njitahd topfhl;liy

toq;Fq;fs;.


nky ;yf ; fw ;Fk ; khztUf ;F>

,iyf;Fg; gjpyhf Nfj;jpu fzpj

jstbtq;fis Kd;itj;J mtw;wpd;

gug;gsitf; fl;ltiyiaf; nfhz;L


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lKs;s jhs;

³ rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; msTs;s jbj;j

fljhrpj; Jz;L

³ 10cm-15cm ePsj;Jf;F Nkw;glhj

4> 5 rpwpa ngl;bfisf; nfhz;L

tUkhW khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.


gug ;gsitf; fhz;gjw;F vijg;

gad;gLj;jyhk;?

ghlk; 4 ,y; ehk; rJuf; fl;lq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jpg ; gug;gsit mse;J

nfhz;l tpjk; gw;wpf; fye;Jiu-

ahLq;fs;. ,d;Wk; mJNghyNt rpwpa

fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpg; gug;gsitf;

fhzg; NghfpNwhk; vd;Wk;> mit

1 nrd;upkPw;wu; ePs> mfyk; nfhz;l

xU rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lk; vdg;gLk;

vd;Wk; $Wq;fs;.

rJu nrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lq;fs; nfhz;l

jhnshd;iwg; gad;gLj;jp> gug;gsitf;

fhZk; tpjj;ijf; fhz;gpAq;fs;. rpwpa

nghUs;fspd; gug;gsitg; nghJthf

rJu nrd;upkPw;wupy; msf;f KbAk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

rpwpa ngl;bnahd;wpd; Nkw;gug;gpd;

g ug ; gsitf ; fhz ;gjw ;F rJu

nrd;upkPw;wu; jhisg; gad;gLj;Jk;

Kiwiar; nra;J fhl;Lq;fs;.

(,q;F gug;gsitf; fhz;gjw;Fupa

myF rJunrd;upkPw;wu; vd;gijf; $w

Ntz;bajpy;iy.)

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;rJu nrd ;w pk Pw ;wu ; fl ;lq ;fisg ; gad ;gLj ;j pg ;

gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.gug;gsitf; $Wthu;.




mtu;fsplk; cs;s ngl;bnahd;wpd;

xU gf;fj;ij %Ltjw;F vj;jid

rJu nrd ;u pk Pw ;wu ;fs ; Njit

vd ; gij mDkhd pf ;FkhW

$Wq;fs;.

mtu;fsJ mDkhdq;fis vOjpf;

nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.

ngl;bapd; Xuq;fis jhspy; cs;s

NfhLfSld; nghUj;jp> rJuf;

Nfhl;Lj;jhspd; kPJ ngl;biar; Rw;wp

tiuAkhW $Wq;fs;.

mjd ; g pd ;G mjpy ; vj ;jid

rJuq;fs; cs;sd vd vz;zpg;

ghu;f;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

rJuj;jpd; ghjpfs; ,uz;il xU

KOr; rJukhff; fzf;fpLkhW

$Wq;fs;.

nkhj;jg;gug;gsT ahJ?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 1819 20 21 22 23 2425 26 27 28 29 30

,t;TUtpd; gug;gsT

30 rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;

1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 16 17 18

,t;TUtpd; gug;gsT

18 + 3 ghjp rJu nrd;upkPw;wu;

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


19 rJunrd;upkPw;wu;

1 ghjp rJunrd;upkPw;wu;

,JNghd;W 3 my;yJ 4 rpwpa

ngl ;bfspd ; xU Nkw ;gug ;g pd ;

gug;gsitf; fhz;gjw;F khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gug;gsitf; fz;l tpjj;ijf;

$Wtjw;F khztUf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

xNu gug;gsTs;s tpj;jpahrkhd

tbtq;fis Nkw;gug;ghff; nfhz;l

ngl;b vJ?

k pfg ; ngu pa gug ; gsTldhd

Nkw;gug;igf; nfhz;l ngl;b ahJ?

mJ ve;jg; gf;fkhFk;?

kpfr; rpwpa gug;gsTs;s Nkw;gug;igf;

nfhz;l ngl;b ahJ?

Nghd ;w t pdhf ;fis tpdtp >

mtu ;fsJ t pilfs ; gw ; w p f ;

fye;Jiuahl topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;

khztu; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;b-

Uf;Fk;NghJ FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W

Njitahd MNyhridfis

toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ ghjp ³ ,uz;by; xd;W

³ ,uz;bd; gq;F


³ FOr;nraw;ghl;bw;nfd> ,uz;L

khztUf ;F xd ;W t Pjk ; >

NghjpasT xg;gilfs; (my;yJ

fUk;gyifapy; njhq;ftplf;$ba

ngupa jhs; xd;iwj; jahupj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;)


fljhrpnahd;wpy ; jahupf ;fg ;gl ;l

nrt;tfnkhd;iwf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

Kd;tUk; khztdplk;> mjid ,U

rk gq;Ffshf kbf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

mjid tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp> mJ

gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

mNj tbtk;> msT nfhz;l NkYk;

rpy fljhrpfis khztu;fSf;F

toq;fp> mtw;iwr; rkkhd gq;Ffs;

fpilf;FkhW kbj;Jf;nfhz;L> mJ

gw;wpf; fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wtjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

kbf;fg;gl;l gFjp KOtjpd; vd;d

gq;F?> mt;thwhd xU gq;if

vt;thW $wyhk;? Nghd;w tpdhf;fis

tpdtp> khztu; Kd;dNu mwpe;Js;s

'ghjp;"> ',uz;by; xd;W" Nghd;wtw;iw

kPz;Lk; epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

mij vd vOJk; Kiwia

tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

xU khztid Kd;dhy; mioj;J>

mtdplk; 8 my;yJ 10 vz;zpfis

toq ;f p > mtw ;iw ,uz;L rk

msTs;s Ftpay;fshf Mf;Fk;gb

$Wq;fs;.

10 vz;zpfis ,U rk msthd

Ftpay;fshf;fpdhy;> xU Ftpaypy;

5 vz;zpfs; ,Uf;Fk;. mjd;gb

10 ,d; ghjpfs; ,uz;by; xd;W 5

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

'10 ,d; ,uz;bd; xd;W 5 MFk;."

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gpurpdq;fis

khztu; Kd;itAq;fs;.

utpaplk; 12 ney;ypf;fha;fs; cs;sd.

mtd; mjpy; ghjpiaj; jk;gpf;Ff;

nfhLj;jhd;. jk;gpf;Ff; fpilj;j

ney;ypf;fdpfs; vj;jid?

vz;zpfisg; gad;gLj;jp> khztu;

gq ;fs pg ; Gld ; ,g ; g p ur pdj ;ijj ;

jPUq;fs;. nghUs;fspd; Ftpay;fspy;

,uz;by; xU gq;iff; fhZk;

topKiwiaf; ftdj;jpw;nfhs;s

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

g pd ;tUk ; tpjkhd g pur pdj ;ij

Kd;itAq;fs;.

xU gpuahzp jhd; nry;y Ntz;ba

20km J}uj;jpd; I Giftz;bapYk;;

kPjpj;J}uj;ij NgUe;jpYk; nrd;whd;.

mtd; Giftz;bapy; nrd;w J}uk;

vj;jid fpNyhkPw;wu;?

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :

gpd;dq;fs;gpd;dq;fs;gpd;dq;fs;gpd;dq;fs;gpd;dq;fs; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

20 20 20 20 20,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;F,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;F,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;F,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;F,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F> gj;jpd; gq;FfSf;FfSf;FfSf;FfSf;FfSf;F

cupacupacupacupacupa gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;. gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;. gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;. gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;. gpd;dq;fis ,dq;fz;L mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.

rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.rupahf ,uz;by; xU gq;ifj; njupe;J nfhs;thu;.

11111

22222

11111

22222

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


^2& 16 ,d; ,uz;by; xd;W

vj;jid? ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3& xU tpahghup tpw;gjw;fhff;

nfhz;Lte;j 40 khk;goq;fs;

,uz ;by ; xU gq ;iff ;

fhiyapy; tpw;whu;. fhiyapy;

tpw;w khk;goq;fs; vj;jid?

mtr pakha pd ; khztUf ;F

vz;zpfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fr;


xt;nthU gpurpdj;ijAk; jkJ

gapw ;r pg ; Gj;jfj;jpy ; Fwpj ;Jf;

nfhs;sTk;> ,UtUk; Nru;e;J>

fye;Jiuahbg; gpurpde; jPu;f;fTk;

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


khztu ; FOr ;nraw ; g hl ; by ;

<Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ> FOf;fSf;Fr;

nrd;W Njitahd gpd;D}l;liy

toq;Fq;fs;.


³ ehd;fpd; gq;F =

³ ehypy; xd;W

³ gpd;dk;


³ xg;gil ml;il

³ fljhrpapy; ntl;lg;gl;l Nfj;jpu

fzpj jstbtq;fs;


r py kdf ;fzpj t pdhf ;fSld ;

ghlj;ij Muk;gpAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

6 ,d; vj;jid?

ngd ; r py ; ngl ; bnahd ; w py ; 1 2

ngd;rpy;fs; cs;sd. mjpy; ghjp

vt;tsT?

Kd ;ida ghlj ;ijg ; Ng hd ;W >

fljhrpapy; ntl;lg;gl;l jstbtq;fis

ehd;F rkgFjpfshf kbj;J> khztu;

Kd;dwpit kPl;Lq;fs;.

mjpy; xU gq;F 'ehd;fpy; xd;W"

vdTk; mjid vd vOj Ntz;Lk;

vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

g pd ;tUkhwhd tbtj ;ijf ;

fUk;gyifapy; tiue;J mjpy; 2

gq;if epow;Wq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.ehd;fpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahff; fhz;;ghu;.


12

14

12

12

,q;F xU Fwpg;gpl;l mstpd; If;

fhz Ntz ;Lk ; vd ; gijf ;

ftdj;jpw;nfhz;L. fye;Jiuahlypy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.



FOf;fshf;fp xg;gil ml;ilfis

toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1& gpd;tUk; cUtq;fspd;

I epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;.

1. 2.

3. 4.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


gpd;tUk; tpjkhff; fye;Jiuahb

vd mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.

,J vj ; jid gq ;Ffshfg ;

gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?

4 rk gq;Ffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

epow;wg;gl;l gq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if

ahJ?

2 gq;Ffs; epow;wg;gl;Ls;sd.

ehd;F gq;Ffspy; ,uz;L gq;Ffs;

epow;wg;gl;Ls;sd.

mjhtJ ehd;fpd; ,uz;L gq;Ffs;

epow;wg;gl;Ls;sd.

mjid vd vOj Ntz ;Lk ;

vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W> ehd;fpy;

%d;W gq;Ffs;> ¾ vd;gij mwpKfQ;

nra;Aq;fs;.

NtW jstbtq;fisAk; ehd;F

gq ;Ffshfg ; g p u pj ;J > ehd ;f pd ;

gq;Ffis ,dq;fhz;gjw;F khztu;

fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

ehd;fpy; ehd;fpy; ehd;fpy;

; xd;W ,uz;L %d;W


khztiur ; r p w pa FOf ;f -

shf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; fljhrpapy;

ntl;lg ;gl ;L> rkgq;Ffshfg;

g p u p f ; fg ; gl ; l ntt ;NtW js

tbtq ;fis ( 6 Mf pYk ; )

toq;Fq;fs;.

mtw;iw ehd;fpy; xd;W> ehd;fpy;

,uz;L> ehd;fpy; %d;W vd;g

tw;iwf; fhl;Lk; tpjkhf epow;Wk;gb

$Wq;fs;. vy;yh tbtq;fisAk;

XusT ngu pa fljhr pa py ;

xl;Ltjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.

xt;nthU tbtj;jpd; fPOk;> mjpy;

fhl;lg;gLk; ehypd; gq;Ffisg;

g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhf vOJkhW

$Wq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

epow;wg;gl;l gq;F MFk;.

epow;wg;gl;l gq;F MFk;.


khztu;fs; ehd;fpd; gq;Ffis

rupahf ,dq;fz;Ls;sdu; vd;gij

cWjpg ;gLj;j pf ; nfhs;tjw;Fg ;

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd xg;gilfis

toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s tbtq;fspy;

epow;wg;gl;Ls;s ehd;fpd;

gq;Ffisf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

1& ^2& 3&

14

34

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,JNghd;W> KOikahd xd;wpypUe;J

ehd;f pd ; gq ;Ffis NtWgLj;j p

,dq;fhzf;$ba rpy gpurpdq;fisj;

jPUq;fs;.


khztu;fisr; rpwpa FOf;fshf;fp>

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gpd;tUtd

Nghd;w rpy gpurpdq;fs; mlq;fpa

xg;gil ml;ilfisAk; vz;zp-

fisAk; toq;Fq;fs;.

1. 20 khk;goq;fis ehy;tUf;Fr;

rkkhfg; gq;fpl;lhy; xUtUf;Ff;

f pilf ;Fk ; khk ; goq ;fs pd ;

vz;zpf;if ahJ?

2. 20 khk;goq;fspy; ehd;fpy; %d;W

gq;F vj;jid?

3. 40 Njq;fha ;fs ; ehd;F rk

Ftpay;fshf Mf;fg;gl;ld. mjd;

ehd;fpd; xU gq;F vj;jid?

4. 40 ,d; ehd;fpd; ,uz;L gq;Ffs;

vj;jid? 40 ,d; ehd;fpd; %d;W

gq;Ffs; vj;jid?

vz ;z pfisg ; gad ; gLj ; j p j ;



khztu ; fs ; FONtiya py ;

<Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ> FOf;fSf;Fr;

nrd;W mtrpakhd cjtpfis

toq ;Fq ;fs ; . Nkw ;$wg ; gl ; l

gpurpdq;fSf;F cupa tpilfisg;

gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy; gpd;tUk;

tpjkhf Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

20 ,d; ehd;fp;y; xU gq;F Ie;J

20 ,d; gq;F 5 MFk;.

20 ,d; ehd;fpy; ,uz;L gq;F

gj;J MFk;.

20 ,d; gq;F 10 MFk;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: KOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;FfisKOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;FfisKOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;FfisKOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;FfisKOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd; gq;Ffis

NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.



³ vz;zpfs;

³ xg;gil ml;ilfs;


Ke;jpa ghlj;jpy; ehd;fpd; gq;Ffs;

^ & gw;wpf; fw;wtw;iw khztu;

fSf;F epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

KOikahd xd;wpypUe;J ehd;fpd;

gq ;Ffis ,dq;fhz;gjw ;fhfg ;

gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gpurpdq;fis

Kd;itAq;fs;.

8 ngd;rpy;fs; ehd;F NgUf;fpilNa

rkkhfg ; gf p u ; e ; js pf ;fg ; gl ; lJ .

xUtUf;Ff; fpilj;j ngd;rpy;fs;

vj;jid?

ehd ;F khztu ;fis Kd;dhy ;

mioj;J> 8 ngd;rpy;fisr; rkkhfg;

gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

khztu;fSld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

xUtu ; ngw ; w ngd ; r py ; fs pd ;

vz;zpf;if 2 MFk;. vdNt> 8

ngd;rpy;fis ehd;fhfg; gpupf;Fk;NghJ

xU gq;F 2 MFk;.

vl;bd; ehd;F gq;Ffspy; xd;W 2.

8 ,d; 14 gq;F 2 MFk;.


,UtUf;Ff; fpilj;j ngd;rpy;fspd;

vz;zpf;if ahJ vd tpdTq;fs;.

ehd;F Ngupy; ,UtUf;Ff; fpilj;j

ngd;rpy;fspd; vz;zpf;if 4 vd;gjhy;>

8,d; ehd;fpy; ,uz;L ehd;fhFk;.

8 ,d; gq;F 4 MFk;.


mJNghyNt 8 ,d; 6 vd;gijAk;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

1 > 2 > 3

4 4 4

2

4

1

4

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ gj;jpd; gq;Ffs;

³ gj;jpy; xd;W... gj;jpy; xd;gJ


³ gj;J rk gq;Ffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;l

cUtk;.


,uz;by; xd;W> ehd;fpy; xd;W

njhlu ;ghd k Pl ;lYf ;fhfr ; r py

kdf;fzf;Ffis tpdTq;fs;. gj;J

rkkhd gq;Ffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;l

nrt;tf tbtnkhd;iw khztUf;Ff;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

,jpy; 10 rkkhd gq;Ffs; cs;sd

vd;gijAk; mjpy; xU gq;F gj;jpy;

xd;W vdTk; mwpKfQ; nra;Aq;fs;.

fUk;gyifapy; gpd;tUkhW vOjpf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

gj;jpy; xd;W

gj;jpy; ,uz;L gq;Ffs; epow;wg;gl;l

XU tbtj;ijf; fhl;b> mjpy;

epow;wg;gl;Ls;sij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

,JNghd;W gj;jpd; Vida gq;F

fisAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F



khztiuf; FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU

FOTf;Fk; 10 rk gq;Ffshfg;

gpupf;fg;gl;l 9 jstbtq;fs;;> ngupa

msT fljhr p vd ; gtw ;iw

toq;Fq;fs

I xt;nthU

tbtj;jpYk; epwe;jPl;b> mjidg;

ngupa fljhrpapy; xl;LkhWk; mjd;

fPNo mjw;Fupa gpd;dq;fisAk;

vz;fisAk; vOJk;gb $Wq;fs;.


khztu; gj;jpd; gq;Ffis rupahf

mwpe;Js;sduh vd;gij cWjpg;

gLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;F Vw;w gapw;rp

fis toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

g pd ;tUk ; cUtq ;fs py ;

epow;wg ;gl;l gFjpfSf;Fupa

gpd;dq;fis vOJq;fs;.

1& 2&

3&

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.gj;jpd; gq;Ffisr; rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;Jnfhs;thu;.

ghlk; 44444

123123123123123

1234512345123451234512345

12341234123412341234

123456123456123456

1234123412341234

1234123412341234

12341234

123456123456123456123456

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



g pd ;dq ;fis ,dq;fhz;gj py ;

,lu;g;gLfpd;w khztu;fSf;Fj;

Njitahd g pd ;D}l ;ly ;fis

toq;Fq;fs;. ,jw;fhfg; gpd;dq;fs;

njhlu;ghd ,yFthd tpdhf;fis

tpdTq;fs;.

,q;F ghlk; 3 ,y; jug;gl;l

KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ehd;fpd;

gq;Ffis NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Ltij

mwpKfQ; nra;jJ Nghd;W

nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfisg;

gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

(tbtnkhd ;iwf ; fhz;g pj ;J)

,jpYs;s rk msthd gq;Ffs;

vj;jid?

epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gFjpfs; vj;jid?

epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gFjp KOtjpd;

vd;d gq;F?

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;KOikahd xd;wpy; ,Ue;J ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd;

gq;F> gq;F> gq;F> gq;F> gq;F> gj;jpd;gj;jpd;gj;jpd;gj;jpd;gj;jpd; gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. gq;F vd;gtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ Kw;gfy;> gpw;gfy;

³ ,yf;ff; fbfhuk;

(Digital clock)³ rhjhuz fbfhuk;


³ rhjhuz fbfhuk;> ,Ugj;jpehd;F

kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuk;.

³ xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ,yf;ff;

fbfhu Kf ml;ilnahd;Wk;

(cUitg; ghUq;fs;) 1 ,ypUe;J

9 tiu ,yf;fq;fs; vOjg;gl;l

ml;ilfs; (,yf;ff; fbfhu

Kfj ;j pd ; ad ;dy ;fSf ;Fg ;

nghUj ; jkhdit) ,uz ;L

njhFjpfs; tPjk;.

³ g+r;rpak; vOjg;gl;l 4 Nkyjpf

ml;ilfs;.


rhjhuz fbfhuj ;j py ; gy ;NtW

Neuq;fisf; fhl;b me;Neuq;fis

thrpg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

g pioahd t pilia clNd

gpionad;W $wptplhky;> rupahd

t pil njhlu ; g hfg ; nghJthf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba NtWtpilfs;

cs ;sdth vd kw ;wtu ;fs plk ;

Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

,yf;ff ; fbfhunkhd;wpy ; Neuk;

fhl ;lg ;gLtJ Kl;fshy; my;y>

,yf;fq;fshy; vd;gij tpsq;fg;

gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . ,yf ;ff ; fbfhu

nkhd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy; NkNy

tiue ;J rhjhuz fbfhu Neu

nkhd ;iw> mk ;Kfj ;j py ; ehd ;F

,yf;fq;fspy; thrpg ;gjw;F topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

Kjypy; rhjhuz Neuj;ijf; fhl;b

mJ vj;jid kzp vd;gij tpdtp>

,yf;ff; fbfhu Kfj;jpy; gpd;tUk;

Neuq;fisAk; fhl;Lq;fs;.

02(00> 03(00> 05(15> 09(45> 11(55

,yf;ff ; fbfhuj ;j py ; Neuj ;ij

thrpf;Fk;NghJ> kzpj;jpahyk; vdf;

Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

02 ( 00 kzpj;jpahyk;





,e;Neuq;fs; midj;Jk; Kw;gfy;

Neuq;fshFk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fhiy Ntis Kw;gfy; Kw;gfy; Kw;gfy; Kw;gfy; Kw;gfy; vdTk;>

khiy Ntis gpw ;gfy ;g pw ;gfy ;g pw ;gfy ;g pw ;gfy ;g pw ;gfy ; vdTk;

miof;fg;gLk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

ve;jnthU ehspYk; es;sputpy; ,Ue;J

ez;gfy; tiuapy; Kw;gfy; MFk;.

ez;gfypy; ,Ue;J es;spuT tiuapy;

gpw;gfy; MFk;. ehspd; Kw;ghjpAk;

gpw;ghjpAk; ,t;thW Kw;gfy;> gpw;gfy;

vd miof ;fg ; gLk ; vd ; gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: Kw ;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;FKw;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;FKw;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;FKw;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;FKw;gfy; > g pw ;gfy; Neuq ;fis ,Ugj ;J ehd;F

kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhu Neuj;jpy; $Wthu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : xNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jpxNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jpxNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jpxNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jpxNu Neuj;ij K.g my;yJ gp.g vd;gij gad;gLj;jp

24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;Lthu;.

nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.nrytope;j fhyj;ijf; fzpj;Jf; $Wthu;.

fhyk; 2fhyk; 2fhyk; 2fhyk; 2fhyk; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

21 21 21 21 21

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


gfy; 12 ,ypUe;J gpw;gfy; Neuq;fs;

2 4 kzpj ;j pahyf ; fbfhuj ;j py ;

tpj;jpahrkhd Kiwapy; fhl;lg;gLk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: gpw;gfy;; 1 kzp 24

kzpj;jpahy ,yf;ff; fbfhuj;jpy;

13:00 vdf; fhl;lg;gLk; vd;gijf;

$Wq;fs ; . (ez;gfy ; Neuk ; 12

kzpAld; ,d;Dk; 1 kzpj;jpahyk;

Nru;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. (12 + 1=13)

,jw;Nfw;g>

gpw;gfy; 2.00 14:00 kzp;j;jpahyk;

gpw;gfy; 3.00 15:00 kzpj;jpahyk;

gpw;gfy; 4.00 16:00 kzpj;jpahyk;

Kw;gfy;> gpw;gfy; Neuj;jpw;F xj;j

,yf;ff; fbfhu Neuj;ij thrpf;Fk;

t pjj ;ij vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;LfSld ;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Kw;gfy; xd;gJ - xd;gJ

kzpj;jpahyk;

Kw;gfy;

gjpndhd;W Kg;gJ - gjpndhd;W Kg;gJ

kzpj;jpahyk;

gpw;gfy; xd;W - gjpd;%d;W

kzpj;jpahyk;

gpw;gfy;

VO ,Ugj;ije;J - gj;njhd;gJ

,Ugj;ije;J

kzpj;jpahyk;

vg;NghJk; ,yf;ff;fbfhu Neuk; ehd;F

,yf;fq;fspy; fhl;lg;gLk; vd;gijf;

ftdpf ;FkhW khztiu to pg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.


khztiur; rpwpa FOf;fshf;

Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ,yf;ff;

fbfhu Kfnkhd;Wk; 1 ,ypUe;J

9 tiu cs;s vz; ml;ilj;

njhFjpfs; ,uz;Lk; 0 vOjg;gl;l

%d;W ml;ilfSk; toq;Fq;fs;.

ePq;fs; fUk;gyifapy; vOJk;

Neuj;ij ,yf;ff; fbfhuj;jpy;

tiff;Fwpg;gjw;Ff; FOf;fis

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vz; ml;ilfspy; xUtu; Neuj;ij

itf;Fk;NghJ FOtpy; cs;s

kw ; wtu ; fs ; mjid Vw ;Wf ;

nfhs;fpwhu ;fsh vd;gij tpd

Tq;fs;.

fPNoAs;s xt;nthU Neuj;ijAk;

Nkw;Fwpj;jthW tiff;Fwpg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.



<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

rhjhuz fbfhu Neuj ;ijf ;

fhl;Lq;fs;;-

14:45 kzpj;jpahyk;

00:12 kzpj;jpahyk;

12:24 kzpj;jpahyk;

07:38 kzpj;jpahyk;

22:20 kzpj;jpahyk;

,yf;ff; fbfhuj;jpy; Neuj;ijf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

gpw;gfy; 3.15

Kw;gfy; 9.50

Kw;gfy; 12.35

gpw;gfy; 12.10

gpw;gfy; 8.23


tpiuthfr; nra;JKbf;Fk; FOit

my;yJ FOf;fis ez;gfy; 12

IAk; es;spuT 12 IAk; ,yf;ff;

fbfhu Kfj;jpy; fhl;Ltjw;Fk;

thrpg;gjw;Fk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

Kw;gfy; 1.00 Kw;gfy; 2.20

Kw;gfy; 3.08 gpw;gfy; 4.16

gpw;gfy; 7.59 Kw;gfy; 9.35

Kw;gfy; 10.40 Kw;gfy; 11.22

gpw;gfy; 12.30 gpw;gfy; 1.05





fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


(,uT 12 . 00 kzp > ,yf ;ff ;

fbfhuj;jpy; fhl;lg;gLk; tpjk;gw;wp

Nfl;lwpAq;fs;. ,uT 11.59> 23.59

Mff; fhl;lg;gl;lhYk; es;spuT

12.00 tiuapy; kzpj;jpahyk; 00.00

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

es ;s p uT 1 2 . 0 0 tiua py ;

epkplj;ijf; fhl;LkhW $Wq;fs;.

24 kzpj;jpahy Neuj;ijf; fhl;Lk;

Kiwia ,dq ;fhz ; gjw ;F

,lu;g;gLk; khztiu> tpiuthff;

fw;Fk; khztupd; topfhl;lYld;

kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;F kzpj;jpahyk;

Kw;gfy; 9> Kw;gfy; 10 Nghd;w

Neuq ; fis kl ;Lk ; tiff ;

Fwpg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


³ fbfhuk; (rhjhuzkhdJ)

³ khjpupf; fbfhu Kfk;

(thuk; 9 ghlj;jpy; jahupj;jit)


gpd;tUk; kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis

tpdTq;fs;.

kzpj ;j pahyj ;j py ; vj ;jid

epkplq;fs; cs;sd?

(60 epkplq;fs;)

miu kzpj;jpahyj;jpy; vj;jid

epkplq;fs; cs;sd?

(30 epkplq;fs;;)

fhy; kzpj;jpahyj;jpy; vj;jid

epkplq;fs; cs;sd?

(15 epkplq;fs;;)

Kf;fhy; kzpj;jpahyj;jpy; vj;jid

epkplq;fs; cs;sd?

(15x3 epkplk; = 45 epkplq;fs;)

khztUf;F tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJ

fbdkhf ,Ug ; g pd ; g pd ;tUk ;

Neuq;fis fbfhu Kfnkhd;wpy;

fhl;Lq;fs;. my;yJ khjpupf; fbfhu

Kfq;fspy; me;Neuq;fisf; fhl;b

tpilaspg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

8 fope;J 5 epkplq;fSf;Fk; 8 fope;J

10 epkplq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; vj;jid

epkplq;fs; cs;sd? (5 epkplq;fs;)







khztu; tpsq;fpf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;

vdTk ; ru pahf ek ;g pf ;ifAld ;

t pilas pf ; f pd ; wdu ; vd ; gJk ;

cWjpahFk; tiuapy; ,t;thwhd

tpdhf;fis tpdhTq;fs;. NkYk;

fope;j fhyj;ijf; fhz;gjw;fhd

gpd;tUk; vLj;Jf;fhl;il itj;Jf;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

VNjDnkhU fhupaj;ijr; nra;Ak;

NghJ mjw;fhf fhyk; nrytplg;

gLfpwJ vd;gij tpsq;fg;gLj;J

tjw;Fk; nrytplg;gl;l fhyj;ijf;

fzpg;gjw;Fk; fPo; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

tpjkhd gpurpdj;ij khztUf;F

Kd;itAq;fs;. khztUld; fye;Jiu

ahbg; gpurpdj;ijj; jPUq;fs;.

kjd; Kw;gfy; 6.30 ,w;F tPl;by;

,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L Kw;gfy; 7.25 ,w;F

ghlrhiyia mile;jhd;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: fopfopfopfopfope;je;je;je;je;j fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk; fhyj;ij kzpj;jpahyq;fspYk; epkplq;fspYk;

$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.$Wthu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


mtDf;F tPl;by; ,Ue;J ghlrhiyf;Fr;

nry;tjw;F vLj;j fhyk; vt;tsT ?

kjd; tPl;by; ,Ue;J

Gwg;gl;l Neuk; } Kw;gfy; 6.30

mtd; ghlrhiyia

mile;j Neuk; } Kw;gfy; 7.25

mtd; ghlrhiyia miltjw;F

vLj;j fhyk;> mtd; gazj;ijj;

njhlq;fpa Neuj;jpw;Fk; gazj;ij

Kbj;j Neuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s

tpj ;j pahrk ; MFk; . nrytope ;j

fhyj ;ijg ; g pd ;tUk ; t pjj ;j py ;

fhzyhk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Kw;gfy; 7.25 - Kw;gfy; 6.30

mjhtJ 55 epkplq;fs;.

NgUe;njhd;W Kw;gfy; 10.15 ,w;F

nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L gpw;gfy;

1.00 ,w;F fhypia mile;jJ.

mg;gazj;jpw;F nrytplg;gl;l fhyk;

vt;tsT?

(Kw;gfy; 10.15 ,ypUe;J ez;gfy;

12 tiuapy; 1 kzpj;jpahyKk; 45

epkplKk; mjpypUe;J xU kzpj;jp-

ahyKk; fope ;jd. nkhj ;jkhf

2 kzpj;jpahyk; 45 epkplq;fs;

fope ;jd vdf; fz;Lgpbg ;gjw;F

khztUf;F cjTq;fs;.)

Nkw ;Fw p g ; g p l ; l rfy fhy

vy;iyfisAk; xU Neuj;jpy; ,Ue;J

mLj;j Neuk; tiuapy; Kd;Ndhf;fp

vz;Ztjd; %yk; fz;Lgpbf ;f

KbAk; . fopj ;jy ; %yKk; fhy

vy;iyfisf; fz;L gpbf;f KbAk;

vd khztUf ;Ff ; fhl ;Lq ;fs ; .

,yf;ff; fbfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjd;

%yKk; ,k;Kiw ,yFthFk;.

gpw;gfy; 1.00 13 ( 00 kzpj;jpahyk;

Kw;gfy; 10'15 10 ( 15 kzpj;jpahyk;

,t;tpU Neuq;fSf;fpilNa fope;j

fhyj;ij Fiwe;j Neuj;jpy; ,Ue;J

$ba Neuk; tiuapy; Kd;Ndhf;fp

Neuj ;ijf ; $l ;Ltjd ; %yk ;

fhzKbAk;. 11 tiuapy; 45 epkplq;fs;

MFk;. ,dp 11 ,ypUe;J 13 tiuapy;

2 kzpj;jpahyk; 45 epkplq;fshFk;.

,d;ndhU Kiw $ba Neuj;jpy;

,Ue ;J Fiwe ;j Neuj ;ijf ;

fopj;jyhFk;. gpd;tUk; tpjj;jpy;

NkypUe;J fPohf vOjpdhy; mJ

nfhz ;L tUjYlhd fo pj ; j -

nyhd ; w hFk ; . fo pe ; j fhyk ;

2 kzpj;jpahyk; 45 epkplq;fshFk;.

kzpj;jpahyk; epkplk;

13 0010 1502 45



xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; tpdhnthd;W

tPjk; Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1. Kw ;gfy; 8.00 ,w ;F ghlrhiy

njhlq;FfpwJ. Kw;gfy; 10.00 ,w;F

,ilNtis toq;fg;gLfpwJ. mJ

tiuapy; vt;tsT fhyk; Ntiy

nra;ag;gl;lJ?

2. ePq;fs; gpw;gfy; 2.30 ,w;F tPl;Lf;Fr;

nrd;W gpw;gfy; 4.00 ,w;F NjePu;

mUe;j pd Pu ;fs; . Nje Pu ; mUe;Jk ;

tiuapy; tPl ;by; ,Ue;j fhyk;

vt;tsT?

3. gpw;gfy; 5.15 ,ypUe;J gpw;gfy; 7.00

tiu tPl;L Ntiyiar; nra;jPu;fs;.

vt ;tsT Neuk ; t Pl ;L Ntiy

nra;jPu;fs;?

4. gpw;gfy; 8.00 ,w;F ,uT czit

cz;Ltpl;L gpw;gfy; 9.15 ,w;F

epj;jpiuf;Fr; nrd;Nwd;. mt;tpU

Neuq;fSf;F ,ilNa vt;tsT

fhyk; fope;jJ?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


gpurpdq;fis gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;

vOjpj ; j Pu ;f ;FkhW khztuplk ;

$Wq;fs;.

FOf ;fspilNa fye ;Jiuahb>

xt;nthUtUk; Njitahd tpjj;jpy;

cjt pfs ; nra ;tjw ;F to p g ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

gpurpdq;fis FOf;fspilNa khw;wpf;

nfhs;tjw;F MNyhrid $Wq;fs;.


khztu; FOf;fSf;F gpurpdq;-

fis Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1. NgUe;njhd;W 10.00 kzpj;jp-

ahyj;jpw;F jpUNfhzkiyapy;

,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L 14.30 kzpj;jp-

ahyj;jpw ;F nghydWitia

mile;jJ. mg;gazj;jpw ;Fr ;

nrytplg;gl;l fhyk; vt;tsT?

2. ngz; xUtu; 11.30 kzpj;jp-

ahyj;jpw;F Nkhl;lhu; irf;fpspy;

jdJ tPl;by; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L

13.15 kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;F efuj;ij

mile;jhs;. mts; gazj;jpw;Fr;

nrytpl;l fhyk; vt;tsT?

3. Mfha tpkhdnkhd;W 07.45 ,w;F

fl;Lehaf;fh ru;tNjr tpkhd

epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L

,yq;if Neuk; rupahf 10.15

,w;F GJ by;ypia mile;jJ.

mg; gazj;jpw;F vLj;j fhyk;

vt;tsT?

4. Mfha tpkhdnkhd;W K.g 7.50

,w;F Gwg;gl;L K.g 9.00 ,w;F

khiyj ;j Pit mile ;jJ .

mg;gazj;jpw;F vLj;j fhyk;

vt;tsT?

5. FOnthd ;W 10 . 2 5 kzpf ;F

rptndhspghjkiy VWtjw;F

njhlq;fp 16.10 kzpf;F cr;rpia

mile;jJ. mf;FOtpdu; kiy

VWtjw;F vLj;j fhyk; vt;tsT?


nky;yf ; fw ;Nghiu Kw;gfy; >

g pw ;gfy ; kzpj ;j pahyq ;fSf ; -

fpilNa fopAk; fhyj;ij kl;Lk;


kPj;jpwd; cilNahiuf;> fope;j

fhyj;ijAk; (vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 4.30

kz pj ; j pahyk ; ) mile ; j

Neuj;ijAk; Kd;itj;J (14.30

kzpj;jpahyk;) gazk; njhlq;fpa

Neuj;ijf; (vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 10.00

kz pj ; j pahyk ; ) fhz ; gjw ;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

njhlq;fpa Kbe;j fope;j

Neuk; Neuk; fhyk;

- √ √

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ yPw;wu; ³ nfhs;ssT

³ mDkhdk;


³ ePu; epug;gg;gl;lg; ghj;jpunkhd;W.

³ GdYk; ePiu Cw;Wtjw;F Vw;w

rpwpa Nfhg;igAk;

³ 3 yPw;wu; tiuapyhd nfhs;ssT

nfhz;l gy;NtW tbtpyhd

ghj;jpuq;fs;.

³ yPw;wu; msTr;rhb / yPw;wu; msT

Fwpf;fg;gl;l ghj;jpuk;


yPw;wu; njhlu;ghf khztu; ftdk;

nrYj;Jk; tpjkhd tpdhf;fis

tpdtpAk;> vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfis Kd;itj;Jk;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

t Pl ; bw ;Fg ; gy ;NtW j p utg ;

nghUl ; fis y Pw ; w u ; fs py ;

thq;FfpNwhk;. ,dpg;Gg; ghdq;fs;>

ghy; vd;gtw;wpd; yPw;wu; msT

Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vupnghUs;

e pug ;Gk ; e piyaq;fspy ; vu p

nghUis yPw;wu; mstpNyNa

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

khztu; gq;fspg ;Gld; msj;jy;>

rhbnahd;wpy; xU yPw;wu; ePiu mse;J

vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. me;ePupd; msT

ed ;F nju paf ; $bat pjkhf

fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thW xt;nthU yPw;wu; ePiuAk;

mse;J gy;NtW tbtq;fspy; cs;s

ghj;jpuq;fspy; Cw;Wq;fs;. mjd;gb>

xt;nthU yPw;wu; ePu;> gy;NtW tifapy;

gy ;NtW tbtq ;fs py ; mike ;j

ghj;jpuq;fspy; vt;thW ,lg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;fpwJ vd;gij mtjhdpg;gjw;F


xU yPw;wiu tpl rpwpJ mjpfkhd

my;yJ Fiwthd ePiu Nkw;$wg;gl;l

ghj;jpuk; xd;wpy; Cw;Wq;fs;. ,g;NghJ

mjpYs;s ePupd; msit mDkhdpg;

gjw;F ahuhy; KbAk; vd tpdTq;fs;.

khztu; rpyu; $Wk; tpilfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,J jtpu NtW

tpilfs; ,Ug;gpd; Kd;itg;gjw;F


mtu ;fs ; $w pa mDkhdq ;fs ;

msTf;Fr ; ru pahdJ vd;gijf ;

fhz;gjw;F msTr; rhbiaf; nfhz;L>

ePiu mse;J fhl;Lq;fs;.

,uz;L yPw;wUf;F / %d;W yPw;wUf;Ff;

Fiwe;j / $ba re ;ju ;g ;gq ;fs ;

njhlu;ghf mDgtq;fisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs ;tjw ;F > khztiu to pg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.



xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ghj;jpuk;

xd;Wk ; msTr; rhbnahd;Wk ;

toq;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;nfhs ;ssitf; f pl ;ba yPw ;wu py ; mDkhdpj ;Jf ;

$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.$Wthu;. mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; yPw;wiuAk; kpy;ypyPw;wiuAk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;ssTfisnfhs;ssTfisnfhs;ssTfisnfhs;ssTfisnfhs;ssTfis

mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 1 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

22 22 22 22 22

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


gpd;tUk; tpjkhd ml;ltiz-

nahd ;iwj ; jkJ ga pw ; r p g ;

Gj ;jfj ;j py ; tiue ;Jnfhs ;s

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

ghj;jpuk; mDkhdpj;j cz;ikahd

msT msT

1' yPw;wu; 2 yPw;wu; 2 I tplr;

rpwpJ FiwT

2'3'

4'

5'

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 1 yPw;wu;>

2 yPw;wu;> 3 yPw;wu; msTfis

mDkhd pg ; gjw ;F Vw ; wthW

jahupj;Jf;nfhz;l ePu;g;ghj;jpuk;

xd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

midtUk; Nrue;J ePupd; msit

mse;J ghu;j ;J> cz;ikahd

msitf; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F

MNyhrid toq;Fq;fs;.


³ yPw;wu; ³ kpy;ypyPw;wu;

³ nfhs;ssT ³ mDkhdk;


³ ePu; epuk;gpa ghj;jpuk;.

³ 10ml ,w;Fk; 1000ml ,w;Fk;

,ilNa nfhs;ssTs;s gy;NtW

tbtq;fspYk; gy;NtW msT

fspYkhd ghj;jpuq;fs;.

³ 10ml msTkl;lk; Fwpf;fg;gl;l

ghj;jpuq;fs; (FOTf;F xd;W)

³ GdYk; msj;jy; rhbAk;.


kpy;ypyPw;wu; msT gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

re;ju;g;gq;fs; njhlu;ghd kdf;fzpj

tpdhf;fis tpdtp Muk;gpAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

Nje P u ; f ; Nfhg ;ignahd ;W

nfhs;Sk; ePupd; msT 100 ml Itplf; $bajh> Fiwe;jjh?

kpfr; rpwpa ghdg; Nghj;jnyhd;W

nfhs;Sk; msT vt;tsthf

,Uf;Fk;?

cq;fs; ePu;g; Nghj;jy; xd;W

nfhs;Sk; ePupd; msT vj;jid

kpy;ypyPw;wuhFk;?

ePu;g; ghj;jpuj;ijf; FOf;fSf;Fs;

khw ;w pf ; nfhz;L> xt ;nthU

FOTf;Fk; Ie;J msf;Fk; re;ju;g;

gq;fshtJ fpilf;ff; $bathW

nraw ;ghLfis Kd;ndLj;Jr ;

nry;Yq;fs;.

fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;fzpg;gpLk; epiwTk;


NghJ> FOf;fSf;Fr ; nrd;W

Njitahd to pfhl ; liy

khztUf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

y Pw ;wu ; msnthd;Wf ;F rpw pJ

FiwT/ rpwpJ mjpfk; vd;gijj;

jPu;khdpg;gjw;F ,ayhj khztu;fs;

cs;sduh vd;gij mtjhdpj;Jg;

ghUq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:kpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpkpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpkpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpkpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpkpy;ypyPw ;wiug; gad;gLj;jpg ;g ;g ;g ;g ; gy gy gy gy gy;NtW ;NtW ;NtW ;NtW ;NtW tifahdtifahdtifahdtifahdtifahd

ghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;Jghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;Jghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;Jghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;Jghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssit mDkhdpg;ghu;. mse;J

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


100 kpy;ypyPw;wu; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s

ghj ;j p unkhd ;iw khztUf ;Ff ;

fhl;Lq;fs;. mg;ghj;jpuj;jpd; kPJ

Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s kl;lj;jpw ;F ePu ;

tUk;NghJ mjpy; 100 kpy;ypyPw;wu; ePu;

mlq;fp cs;snjd tpsf;Fq;fs;.

r u pahf xU y Pw ; w u ; mlq ;Fk ;

ghj ;j p unkhd ;iw khztUf ;Ff ;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

milahskplg;gl;l ghj;jpuj;jpdhy;

100 kpy;ypyPw;wu; tPjk; ePu; epug;gp yPw;wu;

ghj;jpuk; epug;Gk; tiuapy; ,l;lhy;

vj;jid jlitfs; ,l Ntz;Lk; vd

mDkhdpg;gjw;F khztiu topg;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

mtu;fsJ mDkhdj;ijf; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOjp ePq;fs; 10ml FwpaPLtiuapy; epug;gp yPw;wu; ghj;jpuj;jpy;

,Lk;NghJ mtu;fs; cq;fSld;

Nru;e;J vz;ZkhW $Wq;fs;.

yPw;wu; ghj;jpuj;ij epug;Gtjw;F ePq;fs;

100ml msitapdhy; gj;J jlitfs;

,l ;Bu ;fs ; vd mtu ;fs; fz;L-

gpbj;jpUg;ghu;fs;.

y Pw ;wu ; ghj ;jpuj ;j py ; xU yPw ;wu ;

mlq;Fnkd tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vdNt gj;J 100ml (1000ml) xU

yPw;wUf;Fr; rkdhFk; vd tpsq;fg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

xU yPw;wu; 100 kpy;ypyPw;wUf;Fr;

rkdhFk;. ,e;j msit vOJtJ

vt;thW vd;gij khztUf;Ff ;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

1l rkd; 1000 ml (1 l = 1000 ml)

,U 500ml, 1000ml my;yJ 1 yPw;wu;

MFk;. ehd;F 250ml 1000ml my;yJ

1 yPw;wu; MFk;. miu yPw;wu; 500 mlvdTk; fhy; yPw;wu; 250ml vdTk;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fpl;ba 100ml ,w;F msj;jy;.

khztUf;F 3 my;yJ 4 rpwpa

ghj;jpuq;fisf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

Kd ;tUk ; khztnuhUtUf ;F

mtw;iw kpfr ; r pw pajpy ; (kpff ;

Fiwthff; nfhs;Sk;) ,Ue;J kpfg;

ngupaJ (kpff; $Ljyhff; nfhs;Sk;)

tiuapy; xOq;FgLj;jp itf;FkhW

$Wq;fs;.

100 ml msitapdhy; xt;nthU

ghj;jpuj;jpw;Fk; vj;jid jlitfs;

Cw;w Ntz;Lk; vd mDkhdpf;FkhW

khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

mtu;fspd; mDkhdq;fs; rpytw;iwf;


100 ml msitia epug;gp KjyhtJ

ghj;jpuj;jpy; Cw;Wtjw;F Kd;tUk;

khztnuhUtUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

jlitfs pd ; vz ;z pf ;ifia

vz ;Ztjw ;F tFg ; g py ; cs ;s

kw;wtu;fsplk; cjtpiag; ngwyhk;.

,JNghyNt kw;iwa ghj;jpuq;fSk;

nfhs;Sk; msT gw;wpa mtu;fsJ

mDkhdq;fisr; nrt;it ghu;g;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


tFg;ig %d;W my;yJ ehd;F Ngu;

nfhz;l FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; 100ml ,w;Fk;1000ml ,w;Fk; ,ilNa nfhs;ss

Ts;s 6 ghj;jpuq;fis toq;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; 100ml msT

xt;nthd;Wk; e Pu ; e pug ;gg ;gl ;l

ghj;jpunkhd;Wk; toq;Fq;fs;.

mtu ; fs ; mDkhd pj ; jthW

$Ljyhff; nfhs;Sk; ghj;jpuj;jpy;

,Ue;J Fiwthff; nfhs;Sk;

ghj ;j p uk ; tiua py ; KiwNa

mg;ghj;jpuq;fis itg;gJ mtu;

fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; rthy; MFk;

vd khztu;fSf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

l ,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL,dhy; yPw;wu; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL

ml ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu; ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu; ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu; ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu; ,dhy; kpy;ypyPw;wu;

fhl ;lg ;gLfpwJfhl;lg ;gLfpwJfhl;lg ;gLfpwJfhl;lg ;gLfpwJfhl;lg ;gLfpwJ

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


(,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf xt;nthU

ghj ; j p uj ; j p w ;Fk ; ,yf ;fk p l

(1 ,ypUe;J 6 tiuapy;) Ntz;Lk;

vdf ; $Wq ;fs ; . mLj ;jjhf

xt ;nthU ghj ; j p uj ;ijAk ;

epug;Gtjw;F 100 ml msitapy;

e Piu vj ; jid jlitfs ;

Cw ;wNtz;Lk ; vd mtu ;fs ;

mDkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.)

msj;jYf;F Kd;du; mtu;fs;

nra;j mDkhdq;fis vOjpf;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd khzt

Uf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

xt ; nthU ghj ; j p uj ; j pdJk ;

nfhs;ssitf; fpl;ba 100 mltiuapy; msg;gjw;F rfy khztu;-

fSk ; Kd ;te ;J g p ;d ;tUk ;

ml;ltizia epug;GkhW $Wq;fs;.

ghj;jpuk; mDkhdk; cz;ik msT

1 2 3 4 5 6


rfy FOf;fSk; msg;gjw ;F

Kd;du; mDkhdpj;Js;sduh vd


khztu ; cu pathW ru pahf

epug;Gfpd;wduh> Cw;Wfpd;wduh>

jlitfspd ; vz ;zpf ;ifia

vz;Zfpd;wduh> fpl;ba 100ml,w;F msf;fpd;wduh vd;gij


FO Ntiyia epiwT nra;jjd;

gpd; mtu;fs; jhk; fz;Lgpbj;jit

gw;wp tFg;gpYs;s kw;wtu;fSf;Ff;

$Wtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

Ntnwhd;iw tplg; ngaupJ vd

mtu;fs; fUJk; ghj;jpunkhd;W

cz;ika py ; r p w paJ vdf ;

fz;Lgpbj;jy; Nghd;w vjpu;ghuhj

VNjDk; epfo;e;jjh?

kpfr; rupahf mDkhdpj;jJ ve;jf;

FO?

mDkhdp ;g ;gjw ;Ff ; fbdkhd

ghj;jpuq;fs; ,Ue;jdth? (rpy

Ntisfs py ; mDkhdKk ;

msitAk; kpfTk; NtWgl;bUf;

fyhk;.)

mDkhdpg;gjw;F fbdkhf ,Ue;jJ

Vd ; vd ;gijg ; ghj ;j p uj ;j pd ;

tbtj;ijg; ghu;j;J tptupg;gjw;F


rpy ghj;jpuq;fspd; nfhs;ssitf;

fhl ;Lk ; tu p g ; glq ; fs ; f P No

jug;gl;Ls;sd. mjw;Nfw;g tpd

tg ; gl ;Ls ;s t pdhf ; fSf ;F

t pilas pg ; gjw ;F khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

A B C D

1. Nghj ;jy ; D I epug ;Gtjw ;F

Nghj;jy; C ,dhy; vj;jid

jlitfs; ePu; Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?


Nghj;jy; B ,dhy; vj;jid



Nghj;jy; A ,dhy; vj;jid


4. Nghj ;jy ; C I epug ;Gtjw ;F

Nghj;jy; A ,dhy; vj;jid


5. Nghj ; jy ; CI e p ug ; Gtjw ;F

Nghj;jy; B ,dhy; vj;jid


6. Nghj;jy;fs; B,C Mfpa ,uz;b

dhYk; Nghj;jy; DI vt;thW

epug;gyhk;?

100 ml 250 ml 500 ml 1000 ml

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ FOr ;nraw ;ghl ;bw ;fhf FO

nthd;wpw;F xt;nthd;W tPjk;

nfhs;ssT Fwpf;fg;gl;l gpd;tUk;

t pjkhd ghj ; j p uq ; fs pd ;

cUtq;fs;.


kpy;ypyPw;wUf;Fk; yPw;wUf;Fk; ,ilNa

cs ;s njhlu ;ig khztUf ;F

epidTgLj;Jtjw;Fg; gpd;tUkhwhd


xU yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;

cs;sd?

miu yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;yp

yPw;wu; cs;sd?

1 yPw;wu; Nghj;jnyhd;iw

epug;Gtjw;F 250 mlnfhs;ssTs;s Nfhg;ig

nahd;wpdhy; vj;jid jlitfs;

Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?

1 yPw;wu; Nghj;jnyhd;iw

epug;Gtjw;F 100 mlnfhs;ssTs;s Nfhg;ig

nahd;wpdhy; vj;jid jlitfs;

Cw;w Ntz;Lk;?

2 yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;

cs;sd?

1 yPw;wu; 500 kpy;ypyPw;wupy;

vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu; cs;sd?

3 000 kpy;ypyPw;wupy; vj;jid

yPw;wu; cs;sd?


cs;sd?

(1 500 ml mjhtJ 1 000 ml +500 ml )2 500 ml ,y; vj;jid yPw;wu;

cs;sd? (2 )


cs;sd?

(1 250 ml mjhtJ 1 000 ml + 250 ml)1 yPw;wupy; vj;jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;

cs;sd? (1 750 mjhtJ

100 ml + 750 ml my;yJ 250 ml mFk;.

1 750 ml ,y; vj;jid yPw;wu;

cs;sd?

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gpurpdk; xd;iw

khztu; Kd;itAq;fs;.

ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; 4l 535 ml ghYk;

,d;ndhU ghj;jpuj;jpy; 5l 680 ml ghYk;

cs;sd. ,U ghj;jpuq;fspYk; cs;s

ghypd; nkhj;j msT ahJ?

vt;thW tpiliaf; fhzyhk; vd;gij

tpdTq;fs;.

mjidg; g pd ;tUkhW fhzyhk;

vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;kPw;wu;> kpy;ypkpw;wu; msTfspy; $l;ly;

njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpde; jPu;g;ghu;.

ghlk; 3

3l 320 ml 7l 800 ml

8l 725 ml4l 715 ml

2l 250 ml5l 560 ml

1

2

1

21

4

3

4

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


l mlKjyhtJ ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s

ghypd; msT } 4 535,uz;lhtJ ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s

ghypd; msT } 5 680,U ghj;jpuq;fspYk; cs;s

ghypd; msT } 10 215

(,q;F 1 000 ml, I 1 l Mf yPw;wu;

epuYf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;yiy

tpsf;Fq;fs;)

,t;thwhd fopj;jy;; gpurpdq;fis

Kd;itj;J khztUld; fye;Jiu

ahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps; xd;wpy; gazk;

njhlq;Fk;NghJ 7l 500 ml vupnghUs;,Ue;jJ. gazk; Kbtile;jNghJ

vQ;rp ,Ue;j vupnghUspd; msT 4 l850 ml MFk ; . gazj ;j p w ; f hf

nrytope;j vupnghUspd; msT ahJ?

l mlgazk; njhlq;Fk;NghJ ,Ue;j

vupnghUspd; msT } 7 500

gazj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; ,Ue;j

vupnghUspd; msT } 4 850

nrytope;j vupnghUspd;

msT } 2 650

(,q;F 1l, 1000ml Mf kpy;ypyPw;wu;

e p uYf ;Ff ; nfhz ;L nry ;yiy

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

mtrpakhapd; NkYk; rpy vLj;Jf;-

fhl;Lfs; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.


khztiu 4 my;yJ 6 Ngu ;


ghj;jpuq;fspd; cUf;fs; tiuag;-

gl;l ml;ilfisf; FOf;fspilNa

gfpu;e;jspAq;fs;.

khztu; ,UtupUtuhfr; Nru;e;J

vOkhw;whf ,U ml;ilfis vLj;J

mtw ;w pYs ;s ghj ;j p uq ;fs pd ;

nfhs;ssTfspd; $l;Lj; njhif-

iaAk; tpj;jpahrj;ijAk; jdpj;-

jdpahff; fhz topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

jkJ t pilfisr ; nrt ;it

ghu;j;Jf;; fye;Jiuahbf; fz;lwpa

Ntz;Lk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.


FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W ,lu;g;gLk;

khztUf;Fj; Njitahd cjtp

fis toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ rJuKfp ³ cUis

³ fdTU ³ Nfhsk;

³ gf;fk; ³ jl;il

³ tise;j ³ tl;ltbtk;

³ nrt;tfk;

³ %iy


³ nrt;tf tbthd Kfq;fisf;

nfhz;l ngl ;bfs ; my ;yJ

igf;fw;Wf;fs;

³ vy;yh Kfq;fSk; rJu tbtkhf

cs;s rpy ngl;bfs;

³ rpy igf;fw;Wf;fSk; rpy Nfhs-

tbtg; nghUs;fSk;

³ cUis tbthd rpy cgfu-

zq;fs;


jpz;kq;fs; gw;wp ,Jtiuapy; khztu;

mwpe;Js;s tplaq;fisf; fye;Jiu-

ahLq;fs;.

jlitnahd;Wf;F xU nghUs; tPjk;

fhl ;b> Kbe ;j tiuapy ; mjd;

tbtj;ij tptupf;FkhW Kd;tU-

NthUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> ngl;bnahd;wpy;

jl;ilahd Kfq;fs; cs;sd. mjd;

Kfnkhd;wpd; tbtk; nrt;tfkhFk;.

Ngzpnahd;wpy; tl;ltbtkhd Kfk;

cs;sJ Nghd;w tptuq;fs;.

ru pahd gjq ;fis khztUf;F

e pidTgLj ;Jtjw ; f hf rJuk ; >

nrt;tfk;> Kf;Nfhzp> tl;lk; Nghd;w

nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.

nrq;Nfhzk; njhlu;ghf khztUf;F

epidTgLj ;j p rJuKfp > fdTU

Mfpatw;w py ; cs;s nrq;Nfhz

%iyfis ,dq; fhz;gjw;F topg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

rJuKfp > fdTU Mfpatw ;w pd ;

tpspk;Gfis mwpKfg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,uz;L Kfq;fs; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk;

(,izAk ; ) t ps pk ; G vd ; gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

rJuKfp > fdTU vd ;gtw ;iwf ;

f pilahfTk ; e piyf ;Fj ;jhfTk ;

iffshy ; njhl ;Lg ; g h u ; j ;J >

,dq ;fhz ; gjw ;F khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

rJuKfp> cUis vd;gtw ;iwf ;

fhz;gpj;J mtw;wpd; tpspk;Gfis

,dq ;fhz ; gjw ;F khztUf ;F


fdTUtpd; tpspk;Gfs; nrq;Nfhz

tbtkhdJ> cUisapd; tpspk;G

tl;ltbtkhdJ vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

rJuKfp> ehd;Kfp Nghd;w jpz;kq;fspd;

tpspk;Gfis ,dq;fhzTk; mtw;wpd;

vz;zpf;ifiaf; fhzTk; khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

rJuKfp> fdTU vd;gtw;iwf; fhl;b>

mtw;wpy; fhZk; xw;Wik Ntw;Wik-

fis tptupf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: j pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj pz ;kq ;fs ; > Nfj ;j p u fzpjj ;j ;j ;j ;j ; jstbtq ;fs pd ; jstbtq ;fs pd ; jstbtq ;fs pd ; jstbtq ;fs pd ; jstbtq ;fs pd ;

gz;Gfis tpgz;Gfis tpgz;Gfis tpgz;Gfis tpgz;Gfis tptttttupg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : jpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpjpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpjpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpjpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpjpz;kq;fs;> Nfj;jpu fzpj tbtq;fspd; gz;Gfis tptttttupg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.upg;ghu;.

jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L jpz;kq;fis epu;khzpg;ghu;.

jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk;jpz;kq;fSk; jstbtq;fSk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

23 23 23 23 23

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,uz;L jpz;kq;fspYk; nrq;Nfhz

tpspk;GfSk; jl;ilahd Nkw;gug;Gk;;

,Ug ;gij khztu plk ; ,Ue ;J

Nfl;lwpAq;fs;. rJuKfpapd; gf;fq;fs;

rkdhdit. mj;Jld; rJukhdit

vd;gij mtjhdpf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fdTU> rJuKfp Mfpatw ;w pd ;

tpspk;Gfs;> gf;fq;fs; (Kfq;fs;)

Mf patw ;w pd ; vz;zpf ;ifiaf ;

fhZkhW $Wq;fs;.

cUis> Nfhsk; vd;gtw;iw xg;gpl;L

tptupf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.


khztiu ,Utu; my;yJ %tu;


xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; fdTU>

rJuKfp > cUis> ehd ;Kfp >

Nfhsk; Nghd;w jpz;kq;fspy;

xd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztUk; iffisg;

gpd;dhy; itj;J mku;e;jpUf;f>

kw;nwhUtu; mtdJ / mtsJ

ifapy; xU jpz;kj;ij itg;ghu;.

mj;jpz;kj;ij iffshy; jltpg;

ghu ;j ;J mjd; gz;Gfs; gw;wp

tpgupj;J mjd; ngaiuAk; $w

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


xU jpz;k cUtj;ij toq;fp

mjid tptupf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

mjd; gf;fq;fs; vj;jid? mit

rkdhditah? gf ; fq ;fs ;

jl ;ilahdjh> tise;Js;sjh

Nghd;w tpdhf;fis tpdTq;fs;.

mj;jpz;kq;fspy; nrq;Nfhzq;fis

,dq;fhz;gjw;fhf mjd; xU

gf;fj;jpy; vj;jid nrq;Nfhzq;fs;

cs;sd Nghd;w tpdhf;fis tpdt

Ntz;Lk ; vd ;gij e pidtpw ;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

xt;nthU jpz;kq;fspdJk; Nfj;jpu

fzpj tbtq;fspdJk; gz;Gfisg;

gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf; nfhs;s

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

jhaf;fl;il> nrq;fy; vd;gtw;iwg;

gad;gLj;jpg; gpd;tUk; ml;lt-

izia epug;Gq;fs;.;

tpspk;Gfspd;

vz;zpf;if

Kfq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if

nrt;tf tbt

Kfq;fspd;

vz;zpf;ifjpz;kk;

fdTU

rJuKfp

Nfhsj;jpw;F tpspk;G>

Kfk; vd;gd ,y;iy.

mjw;F tise;j

Nkw;gug;G cz;L.

cUisf;F

,uz;L rkdhd

Kfq;fSk;

tise;j

Nkw;gug;Gk;

cz;L

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ rJuk; ³ nrt;tfk;

³ tl;lk; ³ Kf;Nfhzk;

³ jsk; ³ tpspk;G

³ epiyf;Fj;J ³ fpil

³ nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzp

³ Kfq;fs;


³ mwpKfj;jpw;Fk; FOr; nraw;-

ghl;bw;Fk; ghlk; 1 ,y; gad;-

gLj;jpa tbtq;fs; mtrpakhFk;.

³ tbtq;fspd; njhFjpnahd;W.

(mtw;wpd; fPo; njspthf mtw;wpd;

fzpjQ;rhu; ngau;fs; vOjg;gl;l

rJuk ; > nrt ;tfk ; > tl ;lk ; >

Kf;Nfhzp Mfpatw;wpd; ngupa

cUf;fs;.)


rpy tbtq;fspd; ngau;fisAk;

gz;GfisAk; kPl;Lq;fs;.

Ngzpnahd;iwf;; fhl;b mt;tbtj;jpd;

ngaiuf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;. (cUis) tl;l

tbtkhd Kfq;fisf; fhl;b mtw;wpd;

tbtk; ahJ vd tpdhTq;fs;. (tl;lk;)

tl;l tbtk; kw;Wk; tl;lk; my;yhj

tbtj;jpd; NtWghl;il tpsq;fg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;. tl;lk; tiuag;gll

ml;ilia fUk;gyifapy; fhl;rpg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

tl;lk;

fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s tbtj;ijf;

fUk;gyifapy; tiue;J mJ tl;lk;

my;y vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.

ngl;bnahd;iwf; fhl;b mJ vt;thW

miof;fg;gLk; vd tpdhTq;fs;. (mjd;

gf;fq;fs; ahTk; xNu rkkw;witahfTk;

vjpu;g;gf;fq;fs; rkdhditahapd; mJ

fdTU MFk ; . ) rJuKf pf ;Fk ;

fdTUtpw ;Fk ; ,ilNaAs ;s

tpj;jpahrj;ij epidT+l;Lq;fs;.

rJu tbtkhd Kfj;ijf; fhl;b>

mjd; tbtj;jpd; ngaiuf; $WkhW

khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;. rJunkhd;wpd;

gf;fq;fs; ahTk; ePsj;jpy; rkkhdit

vd khztUf;F epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

mt;thNw rJunkhd;w py ; ehd;F

nrq;Nfhz %iyfs; cs;sd.

rJu tbtk ; tiuag ; gl ;Ls ;s

ml;iliaf; fUk;gyifapy; fhl;rpg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

rJuk;

gpd;tUk; tbtj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;

tiue;J mJ rJuk; my;y vd

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

rJuk; my;y

fdTU tbtj;jpyhd ngl;biaj;

J}f ;f pf ; fhl ;b mjd ; nrt ;tf

Kfnkhd;iwf; fhl;Lq;fs;. mt;-

tbtj;jpd; ngaiu tpdTq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;Ljpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;Ljpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;Ljpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;Ljpz;kq;fspy; rupahd jstbtq;fis ,dq;fz;L

ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.ngau; Fwpg;ghu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


nrt;tfnkhd;wpy; ,U rkdhd ePz;l

gf;fq;fSk; ,U rkdhd FWfpa

gf ;fq ;fSk; cs;sd vd;gijj ;

njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.

nrt;tfnkhd;wpy; ehd;F nrq;Nfhz

%iyfs; cs;sd vdTk; tpsf;F-

q;fs;.

nrt ;tf tbtk ; tiuag ; gl ; l

ml;iliaf; fUk;gyifapy fhl;rpg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

nrt;tfk;

fPOs;s tbtj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;

tiue;J mJ nrt;tfk; my;y vd

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

nrt;tfk; my;y

ehd;Kfp my;yJ nrq;Nfhz %iy

cs;s ngl;biaf; fhl;b mjd; tbtk;

Kf ; Nfhz p vd t psf ;Fq ;fs ; .

Kf ; Nfhz tbt ml ;iliaf ;

fUk;gyifapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

Kf;Nfhzp

nrt;tfk;> rJuk;> Kf;Nfhzp Mfpa

jstbtq;fis gy gf;fq;fSf;Fk;

jpUg;gp itj;J mtw;wpd; tbtk; gw;wpa

mwpit NkYk; gjpAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

KOr; nraw;ghLKOr; nraw;ghLKOr; nraw;ghLKOr; nraw;ghLKOr; nraw;ghL


FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU FOTf;Fk;

rJuKfp> fdTU> cUis> ehd;Kfp

Mfpa jpz;kq;fisNah my;yJ

mt;tbtpyhd gy;NtW cgfuzq;-

fisNah toq;Fq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz tiuag;gl;l

jhs; xd;iw toq;fp> xt;nthU

khztUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;

tpjkhfr; nraw;gl;L ml;ltiziag;

G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

jpz;kk; Kfq;fs;

rJuKfp rJuk;

fdTU nrt;tfk;> rJuk;

cUis ........................

Kf;Nfhzp mupak; ........................


NkNyAs ;s ml ;ltiziag ;

gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy; gpujpnra;J

nfhs;SkhW khztu;fSf;Ff;

$Wq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ nrt;tfk; ³ fdTU

³ rJuKfp ³ ehd;Kfp

³ tiyAU


³ fhfpjj; jhs; ³ ngd;rpy;

³ Neu;tpspk;Gk; fj;jupf;NfhYk;

³ gir ³ nrNyhNlg;


kdf;fzpjj;jpw;fhfr; rJuKfp> fdTU

njhlu ; ghd r py t pdhf ;fis


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

rJuKfp; xd;wpw;F vj;jid Kfq;fs;

cs;sd?

Kfnkhd;wpy; cs;s nrq;Nfhzq;fs;

vj;jid?

mbkl;lnkhd;w pd ; mfyj;j pw ;Fr ;

rkdhf ,Uf;FkhW gpd;tUkhW

jhnshd;wpy; Neu;NfhLfs; tiuAq;fs;.

fPOs;sthW jhis kw;w gf;fkhfj;

j pUg ; g p njhlu ; r ; r pa hd rJu

Nfhynkhd;W fpilf;ff;$bathW

jhspd; FWf;Nf Neu;tpspk;gpd; mfyj;-

jpw;Fr; rkdhf rkhe;ju NfhLfs;

tiuAq;fs;. mjid khztupilNa

fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fj ;ju pf ;Nfhypdhy ; 6 rJuq ;fs ;

nfhz;l fPynkhd;iw ntl;b vLq;fs;.

rJuKfpnahd;wpy; 6 Kfq;fs; cs;sd

vd epidTgLj;Jq;fs;. ,g;gf;fq;fs;

xt;nthd;Wk; rJuq;fshFk;.

fhfpjf; fPyj;ijf; fhl;b mjpy; 6

rJuq ;fs ; cs ;sd vd ; gijf ;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

rJuKfpnahd;iwg; ngwf; $bathW

fhfpjf; fPyj;ij kbf;f Kaw;rpf;FkhW

Kd ;tUk ; khztnuhUtUf ;Ff ;

$Wq;fs;.

fhfpjf;fPyj;ijf; nfhz;L rJuKfp-

nahd;iwr; nra;a ,ayhJ.

NkYs;sthwhd xU tbtj ;ij

ntl;bnaLq;fs;.

,t;tbtj;ijf; nfhz;L rJuKfp-

nahd;iw Mf;f KbAk; vd;gijr;

nra;Jfhl;Lq;fs;.

,t;thwhd cU ,U gupkhz cU vd

miof;fg;gLk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ,U gupkhz ,U gupkhz ,U gupkhz ,U gupkhz ,U gupkhz jsjsjsjsjstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfptbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfptbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfptbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfptbtq;fisf; nfhz;L rJuKfp>>>>>

fdTUfdTUfdTUfdTUfdTU Nghd;w khjpupfis Nghd;w khjpupfis Nghd;w khjpupfis Nghd;w khjpupfis Nghd;w khjpupfis Mf;Fthu;.Mf;Fthu;.Mf;Fthu;.Mf;Fthu;.Mf;Fthu;.

ghlk; 3 ghlk; 3 ghlk; 3 ghlk; 3 ghlk; 3

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,t ;t pU gu pk hz tbtq ;fs ;

(tiyAU) jstbtk; vdg;gLk; vd

tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

jstbtq ;fshy ; (tiyAU)

Kg;gupkhz tbtnkhd;iw Mf;f

KbAk;.

kPz;Lk; rJuKfpnahd;iw Mf;F-

tjw;F> ,t;tbtj;ij kbg;gjw;F

Kd;tUk; khztDf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd tbtk; (tiyAU)

xd;wpd; %ykhf fdTUnthd;iw

Mf ;Fk ; to pKiwiar ; nra ;J-

fhl;Lq;fs;.

khztUf;F tbtk; xd;iw toq;fp

fdTU xd;iwg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; tpjkhf

kbg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.


vy;yh khztUf;Fk; jhs;> ngd;rpy;

Neu;tpspk;G Mfpatw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

jhspd; kPJ NfhLfisAk; gpd;du;

rJuq ;fisAk ; tiutjw ;F

mtu;fSf;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.

rJuKf pnahd ; w hf kbf ; ff ;

$bathwhd 6 rJuq ;fisf ;

nfhz ;l gy t pj ; j pahrkhd

tbtq;fspy; (tiyAUf;fspy;)

Kaw;rpj;Jg; ghu;f;FkhW khz-

tUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

rpy khztUf;F ,J fbdkhf

,Ug;gpd; fUk;gyifapy; rhj;jpa-

khff ;$ba r py tbtq ;fis

tiue;J fhl;Lq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fdTU xd ;iw Mf ;ff ;$ba

jstbtq;fis epu;khzpf;FkhW

$Wq;fs;.

mt ;thwhd ,U gu pkhz

jstbtq;fspy; rJuKfp> fdTU

vd ;gtw ;iw e p u ; khzpg ; gjw ;F

topfhl;Lq;fs;.

khztu; Kbe;jtiuapy; tpj;jpahr-

khd topKiwfis Kaw;rpj;j

gpd;du; rJuKfp> fdTU vd;gtw;iw

Mff ;$ba tbtq ;fSf ;fhd

(tiyAU) vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisf;

fhz;gpf;FkhW khzt FOf;fSf;F

$Wq;fs;.

NtW t pj ;j pahrkhd to pfs ;

,Ug;gpd;> mtw;iw Kd;itg;gjw;F



ghlE}ypy; jug;gl ;Ls;s tiy

AUitg; gad;gLj;jp rJuKfp kw;Wk;

fdTU xd;iwj; jahupj;J cupa

tpdhf;fSf;F tpil-aspg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ cUis ³ ehd;Kfp

³ Kf;Nfhzp ³ tl;lk;

³ nrq;Nfhzk;


³ fhfpjj;jhs;

³ ngd;rpy;

³ Neu;tpspk;Gk; fj;jupf;NfhYk

³ gir

³ nrNyhNlg;


g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w t pdhf ;fs ;

rpytw;iw khztuplk; tpdhTq;fs;.

epiyf;Fj;Jj; jsq;fs; cs;s nghUs;fs;

ahit?

tise;j Nkw;gug;Gs;s nghUs;fs;

ahit?

jl;ilahd Nkw;gug;Gs;s nghUs;fs;

ahit?

fpilj;jsk; cs;s nghUs;fs; ahit?

jug;gl;Ls;s rkgf;f Kf;Nfhzpiaf;

nfhz;L gpd;tUk; mwpTWj;jy;fisf;

filg ; g p bj ;J ehd ;Kf pnahd ;W

mikAq;fs;.

rkgf;f Kf;Nfhzpnahd;W tPjk;


Kf;Nfhzpapd; %d;W gf;fq;fspd;

eLg;Gs;spfisf; Fwpj;J mtw;iw

,izf ;FkhW khztUf ;Ff ;

$Wq;fs;.

,d p 4 rkgf ;f Kf ;Nfhzpfs ;

Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gijf; fhz;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mr ; rkgf ; f Kf ; Nfhz pfis

xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlu;GgLj;Jtjd;

%yk; ehd;Kfpia mikg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

f PNo fhl;lg ;gl ;Ls;sthwhf ,U

gupkhz tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L

cUisnahd;iwAk; mikg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

Kjypy; nrt;tf tbtj;ijr; RUl;b

cUisapd; tise;j Nkw;gug;igj;

jahupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjd; gpd;du;

Xue;jj;ijj; jhnshd;wpd; kPJ itj;J

,U tl;l tbtkhd Kfq;fis

ntl;bnaLf;FkhWk; $Wq;fs;.


khztiur; rpW FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ehd;Kfp-

nahd;Wk;> cUis nahd;Wk;

jahupg;gjw;fhf jbj;j fljhrpapy;

ntl;lg;gl;l ,U gupkhz js-

tbtq;is toq;Fq;fs;.

,U gupkhz jstbtq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp> ehd;Kfpnahd;Wk;>

cUisnahd;Wk; jahupg;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

(xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gy;NtW

msthd jstbtq ;fis

toq;Fq;fs;.)

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;,U gu p k hz tbtq ;fs pdhy ; cUisiaAk ;

ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.ehd;KfpiaAk; jahupg;ghu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



xt ;nthU FOTk ; jahu pj ;j

jpz;kq;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;g-

jw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

mtw;wpd; gz;Gfs; njhlu;ghf

tpdhf;fis tpdhTq;fs;.

ghlE}ypy; fhzg;gLk; khjpu p

tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L xt;nthU

khztDk ; ehd ;Kf p kw ;Wk ;

cUisnahd;iwj; jahhpg;gjw;F


j pz ;kq ;fisj ; jahu p g ; gjw ;Fg ;

gad;gLj;jpa ,Ugupkhz tbtq;fspd;

,yf ; fq ; fis ml ; ltiza py ;

Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.

gad;gLj;jpa

jpz;kq;fs; ,Ugupkhz

cUtq;fspd;

,yf;fq;fs;

fdTU

rJuKfp

cUis

ehd;Kfp


khztiuf; FOf;fshf;fp> gpd;tUk;

t pjkhff ; jbg ;ghd fljhr pa py ;

jahu p j ;Jf ; nfhz ;l jstbtj ;

njhFjpnahd;iwf; FOf;fSf;F

toq;Fq;fs;.

rJuk;> nrt;tfk;;> ehd;Kfp> cUis

vd ; gtw ;iwj ; jahu p g ; gjw ;Fj ;

Njitahd jstbtq ;fis

NtWgLj ; j p ,dq ;fhz ; gjw ;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mt;thwhd tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L>

,j ;j pz ;kq ;fis xt ;nthd ;whf

jahupj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAkh vd;gij

Kaw;rp nra;J ghu;f;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12

13 14 15

16 17 18

19

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ tlf;F ³ njw;F

³ fpof;F ³ Nkw;F

³ ,lg;gf;fk; ³ tyg;gf;fk;


³ xU FOTf;F 4 tPjk; ehd;F

epwq;fspy; nfhbfs;.


khztiu jpwe;jntspf;F mioj;Jr;

nry ;Yq ;fs ; . rfy khztUk ;

fhzf;$bathW #upad; cjpf;Fk;

jpiria Nehf;fp ePq;fs; epy;Yq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis tpdhTq;fs;.

khztu; jpirfs; gw;wp ehd;fhk;

tFg ; g py ; ngw ; w Kd ;dw pit

kPl;Ltjw;Fg; gpd;tUtd Nghd;w


ehd; #upad; cjpf;Fk; jpiria

Nehf;fp epw;fpNwd;. mj;jpir ahJ?

vdf;Fg; gpd;Gwj;jpy; cs;s jpir

ahJ?

vdJ tyJ gf;fj;jpy; cs;s jpir

ahJ?

vdJ ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; cs;s jpir

ahJ?

khztnuhUtiu Kd;dhy; tUkhW

mioj;J mk;khztiu fpof;F

Nehf;fp epw;fr; nra;Aq;fs;. khztupd;

tyJ ifg;gf;fj;jpy; cs;s jpir

njw;F vdTk; ,lJ ifg; gf;fj;jpy;

cs;s jpir tlf;F vdTk; gpd;dhy;

cs ;s j pir Nkw ;F vdTk ;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

midtiuAk; tlf ;F Nehf ;f pj ;

jpUk;GkhW $Wq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd nraw;ghLfspy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

'njw;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;" vdf;

$Wq;fs;.

,J tlf;fpw;F vjpu;j; jpirahFk;.

mJ miur; Rw;whFk; vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.

'kPz;Lk; tlf;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;."

'fpof;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;."

,J tyJgf;fkhff; fhw; Rw;whFk;.

'njw;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;." ,J

,lJ gf ;fkhf ,d;ndhU fhw ;

Rw;whFk;.

tlf;F Nehf;fpj; jpUk;Gq;fs;> ,J

Muk;gpj;j jpirf;F miur; Rw;whFk;.

xU jpirapypUe;J mLj;j jpirf;Fj;

jpUk;Gk;NghJ> nrq;Nfhz tbtpy;

jpUk;Gtij epidTgLj;Jq;fs;.

%d;W gpujhd jpirfisAk; khztu;

mwpe;Js;shu;fs; vd;gJ cWjpahFk;

tiuapy;> ,t;thwhd rpy nraw;

ghLfspy; NkYk; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

mjw ; f hf e Pq ; fs ; toq ;Fk ;

mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F mika nraw;gLkhW

MNyhrid $Wq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;gpujhd jpirfspd; gad;ghL gw;wpa nra;Kiwr;

nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLthu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : j pirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; mikititititit

tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.tpgupj;Jf; $Wthu;.

jpirjpirjpirjpirjpir thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

24 24 24 24 24

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fpof;F Nehf;fp epy;Yq;fs;.

njw;Fj; jpirf;Fj; jpUk;Gq;fs;.

10 ftLfs; Kd;dhy; nry;Yq;fs;.

Nkw;Fj; jpirf;F jpUk;Gq;fs;.

5 ftLfs; Kd;dhy; nry;Yq;fs;.

kPz;Lk; fpof;Fj; jpirf;F jpUk;Gq;fs;.

tpisahl;L xd;iw Kd;itf;fg;

Nghtjhff ;$w p > e Pq ;fs ; $Wk ;

mwpTWj;jy;fisf; filg ;g pbf ;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.



khztu; epw;Fk; ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J

20 ftLfs; tiuapy ; cs;s

J}uj;jpy; xt;nthU FOTk; 4

epwq;fspyhd nfhbfis tlf;F>

njw;F> fpof;F> Nkw;F Mfpa

jpirfspy; ehl;b itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

khztu; eLtpy; epw;f Ntz;Lk;

vdTk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

ePq;fs; jpirnahd;iwf; $wpaJk;

rfy FOf;fspYk; cs;s khztu;

mj;jpirapy; cs;s nfhbia

Nehf;fp Xl Ntz;Lk;.('tlf;F"

vd;wJk; khztu; tlf;fpy; cs;s

nfhbia Nehf;fp Xl Ntz;Lk;.)

4 gpujhd jpirfs; njhlu;ghf

khztu; NghjpasT mwpitg;

ngWk; tiuapy; ,r; nraw;ghl;ilg;

gy jlitfs; nra;Aq;fs;.


khztu ; nraw ; g hLfis

mtjhdpj;j gpd;> mtu;fs; gpujhd

jpirfs; ehd ;ifAk ; mwpe ;J

nfhz ;Ls ;shu ; fs ; vd ; gij


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.vl;Lj; jpirfisAk; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.



³ tlf;F ³ njw;F³ fpof;F ³ Nkw;F³ tlfpof;F (<rhd %iy)

³ njd;fpof;F (mf;fpdp %iy)

³ tlNkw;F (thA %iy)

³ njd;Nkw;F (epUjp %iy)


khztiu tFg ;g pw ;F ntspNa

mioj;Jr; nry;Yq;fs;.

ghlk; 1 ,y; nra;jJ Nghd;Nw 4

gpujhd jpirfs; njhlu;ghd mwpit

kPl;Lq;fs;.

kPz;LnkhU jlit tlf;fpw;Fk; mjd;

g pd ;du ; fpof ;f pw ;Fk ; jpUk ;GkhW

$Wq;fs;.

mjd; gpd;du; ePq;fs; tlf;fpw;Fk;

f pof ;f pw ;Fk ; ,ilNa ru p eLj ;

j pirf ;Fj ; jpUk ;Gq ;fs; . e Pq ;fs;

j pUk ; g pAs ;s j pir ahJ vd

khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;.

tlf;fpw;Fk; fpof;fpw;Fk; ,ilNa

kj;jpapy; cs;s jpir tlfpof;F (<rhd

%iy) vd ;wiof ;fg ;gLk ; vdf ;

$Wq;fs;.

<rhd jpiriaf; fhl;Ltjw;F epyj;jpy;

milahskpLq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


njd ;f pof ;F (mf ;f pd p %iy) >

njd;Nkw;F (epUjp)> tlNkw;F (thA

%iy) Mfpa jpirfisAk; mt;thNw

fhl;Lq;fs;.

tlNkw;F> tlfpof;F> njd;Nkw;F>

njd;fpof;F jpirfisf; fhl;Ltjw;F

khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;F-

q;fs;.

mt;Tg jpirfis khztu; ed;F

mwpe;Jnfhs;Sk; tiuapy; gy jlit

,jid kPsr; nra;Aq;fs;.

mLj;jjhfg; gpujhd jpirfisAk;

cg jpirfisAk; Nru;j;Jf; $Wq;fs;.

tlf;F> tlfpof;F (<rhd)> fpof;F

(mf;fpdp)> njw;F> jpUjp> Nkw;F> thA

vd;wthW ,jidr; nra;Aq;fs;.


gpujhd jpirfspd; topNa Fwpf;fg;-

gl ; l nfhbia Nehf ; f p Xba

tpjj;jpNyNa cg jpirfs; topNa

XLtw;F xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

tlNkw;F jpir vdf; $wpaJk;

khztu ; tlf ;Fj ; j piriaf;

Fwpf ;Fk; nfhbf;Fk; Nkw;Fj;

jpiriaf; Fwpf;Fk; nfhbf;Fk;

eLNt cs;s jpir topNa nry;y

Ntz;Lk;.


k Pz ;Lk ; tFg ;giwf ;F te ;J

g pd ;tUk ; cUit mtu ;fsJ

gapw ;r pg ; Gj ;jfj ;j py ; tiue ;J

nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.

t tlNkw;F tlfpof;F

njd;Nkw;F njd;fpof;F

tlf;Fj; jpirf; Fwpj;J xt;Nthu;

mk;Gf;Fwpapd; KidapYk; rupahd

jpiriaf; Fwpg;gjw;F khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mtu;fs; rupahff; Fwpj;Js;sduh

vdr; Nrhjpj ;J khztUf;Fj ;

NjitahdthW cjtp GupAq;fs;.


³ tlfpof;F (<rhd) ³ fpof;F

³ njd;fpof;F (mf;fpdp %iy)

³ Nkw;F

³ tlNkw;F (thA %iy)

³ nrq;Nfhzk;

³ tlf;F

³ njw;F

³ njd;Nkw;F (epUjp)

³ fhw;Rw;W


³ jhSk; ngd;rpYk;

³ rpy tpisahl;Lg; nghUs;fs;

my;yJ glq;fs; my;yJ ngau;

vOjg;gl;l rpy jhs; Jz;Lfs;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: j pirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ijjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ijjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ijjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ijjpirfSf;F Vw ;g nghUs;fspd ; miktplj ;ij

tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .tpgupg ;ghu ; .


Nk fp

nj

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



Ke;jpa ghlj;jpy; fw;w jpirfspd;

ngau;fs; epidtpy; ,Uf;fpwjh vdg;

ghu;g;gjw;F khztnuhUtu; tlf;F

vd;W $wp; njhlq;fpaJk; mLj;j

khztu; tlfpof;F (<rhd) vdTk;

mjw;fLj;jtu; fpof;F vd;wthW vl;Lj;

j pirfisAk; $Wtjw;F topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thW rfy khztUk; vl;Lj;

jpirfisAk; $Wtjw;F xOq;F

nra;Aq;fs;.

toq;fg;gl;l nghUs;fis khztiur;

Rw;wpg; gpd;tUk; tpjkhf itAq;fs;.

tghu Cu;jp fhu; glF

ge;J khztu; tpkhdk;

Gifapujk; NgUe;J Jtpr;rf;fu

tz;b

mjw ;Nfw ;g g pd ;tUk ; tpdhf ;fis

khztuplk; tpdhTq;fs;.

1. khztUf;F tlf;Fj; jpirapy;

cs;sJ ahJ?

2. khztUf;Ff; fpof;Fj; jpirapy;

cs;sJ ahJ?

3. NgUe;J khztUf;F vj;jpirapy;

cs;sJ?

4. ge;J khztUf;F vj;jpirapy;

cs;sJ?

5. glF khztUf;F vj;jpirapy;

cs;sJ?

6. khztUf;F njd;Nkw;fpy; (epUjp

%iyapy;) cs;sJ ahJ?

7. NgUe;jpw;F fpof;fpy; cs;sJ

ahJ?

8. fhUf;F Nkw;fpy; cs;sJ ahJ?

9. Gifapujk; glfpw;F vj;jpirapy;

cs;sJ?

10. ge;J NgUe;Jf;F vj;jpirapy;

cs;sJ?

nghUs ;fs ; ,Uf ;Fk ; ,lj ;ij

khw;wptpl;L> Nkw;$wg;gl;l tpdhf;fis

tpdTq;fs;.

,t ;thwhd xOq ;fikg ;igNah

my ;yJ NtWt pjkhd xOq ;f

ikg;igNah fUk;gyifapy; tiu

Aq ;fs ; . tlf ;Fj ; j piriaf ;

Fwpj;Js;sthW milahskpLq;fs;.

me ; jf ; fl ; likg ; Gf ;F Vw ; g >

Nkw;$wg;gl;lJ Nghd;w tpdhf;fSf;F

t pilaspg ; gjw ;F khztUf ;Fr ;




gpd;tUk; fl;likg;igf; fUk;

gyifapy; tiuAq;fs;.

A

H B

G X C

F D

E,q;F A> B> C> D, E, F, G, H .. f;F

gjpyhf nghUs;fspd; ngaiuf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

khztu; xd;W Nru;e ;J> Nkw;-

$wg;gl;l fl;likg;Gf;F Vw;g> xU

nghUs pd ; mikt plj ;Jf ;F >

kw;nwhU nghUs; mike;Js;s

jpiriaf; Fwpf;Fk; tpjj;ijg;

ge ;j pahf vOJtjw ;F topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

X ,w;F tlf;Nf A mike;Js;sJ.

D,X ,w;F mf;fpdp %iyj;

jpirapy; cs;sJ.


FOr; nraw;ghLfspd; epiwtp;d;

NghJ xt;nthU FOTk; vOjpa

ge;jpfs; rpytw;iw Kd;itg;gjwFr;;


ghlE}ypy; cs;s cupa gapw;rpfspy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

t

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,jw;Fg; gpd;tUkhwhd nraw;ghl;ilg;

gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.

ghlrhiy ikjhdj;jpd; fpilg;gl-

nkhd;wpy; mt;tplq;fisf; Fwpg;gjw;F


ghlrhiy Ntypapy; ,Ue;J njhlq;fp

gpujhd fl;llk;> kuq;fs; Nghd;w-

tw ; w pd ; mikTfis ru pahf

cs ;slf ;Ftjw ;F MNyhrid

toq;Fq;fs;.

khztu ; k Pz ;Lk ; tFg ;giwf ;F

te;jJk; mt;tplq;fspd; mikTfis

rupahfTk; ftdj;JlDk; tiue;J

fpilg;glj;ijj; jahupj;Js;sduh vd

mtjhdpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.

f pilg ;glq ;fis xg ;g pLtjw ;Fk ;

gpiofisj; jpUj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;

$bathW mtu;fis %d;W my;yJ

ehd;F Ngu;fs; nfhz;l FOf;fshf

Ntiyapy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;. epwq;fisg;

gad ;gLj ;Jtjd; %yk ; f pilg ; -

glq;fSf;F capu;g;G+l;l KbAk;.

mtu;fsJ fpilg;glq;fspy; tlf;Fj;

jpiriaf; fhl;b nghUs;fspd; mikT

njhlu ; g hf r py t pdhf ; fisj ;

jahupf;FkhW khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

mtu;fs; fpilg;glq;fis epiwT

nra ;jjd; g pd ;du ; Kd;tUNthu ;

rpyUf;F epiwT nra;j Ntiyiaf;

fhl;b kw;wtu;fs; tpilaspg;gjw;F

mtu ;fs ; jahu pj ;j tpdhf ;fis

Kd;itf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;jpirfSf;F Vw;g nghUs;fspd; mikitf; fhl;Lk;

fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



10> 20> 30 ... vd 100 tiuapy;

vz ;Ztjw ;F khztiu to pg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,WjptiuapYk;

,Wjpapy; ,Ue;J Muk;gk; tiuapYk;

Ntfj;ij mjpfupj;Jf; nfhz;L rpy

jlitfs; vz;zr; nra;Aq;fs;.

1 ,ypUe;J 10 tiu vz;fis

vOJq;fs;.

ePq;fs; fhl;Lk; ve;jNthu; vz;izAk;

10 My; rupahfg; ngUf;fpf; $WkhW

khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

,t ;thwhf 10 My; ngUf ;Fk ;

Nfhyj;ij khztUf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gpd;tUkhwhd rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;L

fisf; nfhz;L 10 My; ngUf;Fk;

Nfhyj;ij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

3 x 10 } 30 33 x 10 } 330 333 x 10 } 33303333 x 10 } 33330

NkYk; gpd ;tUtd Nghd;w rpy

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisf; fUk;gyifapy

vOjp> khztu;fisf; nfhz;L G+u;j;jp

nra;tjd; %yk; 10 My; ngUf;Fk;

Nfhyj;ij tpsq;fg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

8 x 10 } ''''''''''''''' 15 x 10 } ''''''''''''''' 30 x 10 } '''''''''''''''

209 x 10 } ''''''''''''''' 470 x 10 } '''''''''''''''

1 0My ; ngUf ;Fk ; ,yFthd

Kiwnahd;W:

vLj;Jf;fhl;L : 42 x 10 } 420

,q;F xd;wpdplj;jpy; '0" vd vOjp>

jug;gl;l vz;iz vOJq;fs;.



FOf;fshf;fpg;> gpd;tUtd Nghd;w

xg;gilfis toq;Fq;fs;.

xg;gil xg;gil

4 x 10 } '''''''''''' 8 x 10 } ''''''''''''

44 x 10 } '''''''''''' 88 x 10 } ''''''''''''

404 x 10 } '''''''''''' 808 x 10 } ''''''''''''

440 x 10 } '''''''''''' 800 x 10 } ''''''''''''

36 x 10 } '''''''''''' 15 x 10 } ''''''''''''

736 x 10 } '''''''''''' 215 x 10 } ''''''''''''

973 x 10 } '''''''''''' 521 x 10 } ''''''''''''


gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; nra;tjw;fhfg;

gpd;tUk; gapw;rpfis toq;Fq;fs;.

1& 7 x 10 } ''''''''''''2& 25 x 10 } ''''''''''''3& 288 x 10 } ''''''''''''4& 20 x 10 } '''''''''''''''5& 105 x 10 } '''''''''''''''6& 200 x 10 } ''''''''''''''''

ntw;wplq;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

vz;fis vOJq;fs;.

1& 28 x 10 } '''''''''2& 135 x ''''' } 13503& ''''' x 10 } 72804& ''''' x 10 } '''''''''

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw

10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10 My; ngUf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : %d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iwg;

gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.gj;jpdhy; ngUf;Fthu;> tFg;ghu;.

1010101010 My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk;My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk;My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk;My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk;My; ngUf;FjYk; tFj;jYk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

27 27 27 27 27

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



10 My ; ngUf ;Fk ; t pdhf ;fs ;

rpytw;iw tpdhTq;fs;.

1 Ig; gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;NghJ 10

MFk;. 10 Ig; gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;NghJ

100 MFk; vdf; $wp 1> 10> 100> 1000>

1 0 0 0 0 Mf pa Nfhyj ;ijf ;

fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

Nfhyj ;ij ,Wj pa py ; ,Ue ;J

njhlf;fk; tiu vOJNthk; vdf; $wp>

10000> 1000> 100 Mfpa vz;fisf;


mjidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l tpjk; gw;wp

tpdTq;fs;.

k hztu plk ; ,Ue ;J t pil

fpilf;fhtpby; 1000 I gj;jhy;

tFj;Jg; ghu;g;Nghk; vdf; $wp tFj;Jf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

mjd; %yk;>

10000 Ig; gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 1000




vdf; $wpathW mjidf;


gpd;tUk; vz;fis gj;jhy; tFj;jhy;

ngwg;gLk; tpiliaf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

10 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; 1



.................

.................


mt;thNw



.................

.................

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: %d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw%d;W ,yf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw

10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.10My; tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.



vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

65 ÷ 10 vd;gijf; fUk;gyifapy;

vOJq;fs;.

6

10 65

60

5

65 I gj;jhy; tFj;jhy; <T 6 ck;

kPjp 5 ck; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

mjw;Nfw;g 65 ÷ 10 } 6 ck; 5 kPjpAk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

128 ÷ 10 } 12 ck; 8 kPjpAk; vd

NkYs ;sthW fUk ; gyifa py ;

vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.

,d;Dk; rpy vLj;Jf;fhl ;Lfis

khztupd; gq;Fgw;wYld; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.

NkYk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisj; jPu;j;J>

gj;jhy; tFf;Fk; re;ju;g ;gq;fspy;

kdf;fzpjk; %ykhf tpilaspf;f

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.



g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w xg ; gil

ml;ilia toq;Fq;fs;.

xg;gil xg;gil

10 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 11 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 100 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 111 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 47 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 55 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 95 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 555 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 236 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''' 5005 ÷ 10 } ''''''''''''

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,t;thwhd gapw;rpfspy; <LgLtjw;F


10 My; tFf;Fk; Nfhyj;ij

,dq;fz;L nfhs;tjw;F khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; gpujpnra;J

nfhz;L> ,ilntspiag; G+u;j;jp

nra;a topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:

gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;gj;jhy; ngUf;Fk;> tFf;Fk; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;

%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;%yk; ,lg;ngWkhdk; njhlu;ghd mwpitg; gjpj;Jf;




gj ;jhy ; ngUf ;fYk; tFj;jYk;

cs ;slq ;f pa vspa t pdhf ;fs ;


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

20 ngd;rpy;fis 10 khztu;fSf;F

rkkhff; nfhLj;jhy; xUtUf;F

vj;jid ngd;rpy;fs; fpilf;Fk;?

xU ngl;bapy; 12 epwg; ngd;rpy;fs;

t P jk ; 1 0 ngl ; ba py ; vj ; jid

ngd;rpy;fs; cs;sd?

3 6 ga pw ; r p g ; Gj ; jfq ;fis 10

khztu;fSf;Fr; rkkhfg; gq;fpl;lhy;

xUtUf;F vj;jid Gj;jfq;fs;

fpilf;Fk;? kPjp vj;jid?

r py vz ;fisg ; g pd ;tUkhW

,lg ; ngWkhdj ;ijf ; fhl ;Lk ;

gyifa py ; vOj p 1 0 My ;

ngUf;Fk;NghJ ,lg;ngWkhdk; khWk;

tpjj;ijf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

M E} g x

4 x 10 } 4 0 75 x 10 } 7 5 0 90 x 10 } 9 0 0 135 x 10 } 1 3 5 0

tpilfs; ,lk;ngWk; tpjj ;ijf;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;. ngUf;Fk;NghJ

t pila pd ; ngWkj p xU ,lg ; -

ngWkhdj ;jhy ; mjpfu pj ;Js ;sJ

vd;gij ntspf ; nfhzUq;fs ; .

khztUf;F ed;F tpsq;Fk; tiuapy;

Njitahd msT vLj;Jf;fhl;L-

fisf; fhl;Lq;fs;. khztUf;Fj;

jdpj ;jdpahf tpilaspg ;gjw ;Fk;


gj;jhy; tFf;Fk;NghJ tpilapy;

,lg ;ngWkhdnkhd ;W g pd ;dhy ;

nry;fpwJ vdg; gpd;tUk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L

%yk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

1& 48 ÷ 10 } ''''''''''''''''''

2& 70 ÷ 10 } '''''''''''''''''

3& 135 ÷ 10 } ''''''''''''''''

4& 438 ÷ ''''' } 43 kPjp 8

5& '''' ÷ 10 } 57 kPjp 6

6& '''' ÷ 10 } ''''''''''''''''

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


E} g x gj;jpd; Ftpay; gj;jpd; gq;F

7 3 ÷ 10 } 7 3

,lkpUe;J tyj;jpw;F ,lg;ngWkhdk;

khWk ; t pjj ;ij khztu plk ;

NfSq;fs;.

100 ,d; gj;jpd; gq;F gj;J MFk;.

10 ,d; gj;jpd; gq;F xd;W MFk;.

mLj;j ,lk; gj;jpd; gq;fhf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd khztuplk;

,Ue;J ntspf;nfhzUq;fs;.

tpil VOk; gj;jpd; gq;F %d;Wk;

vdTk; tpilia kPz;Lk; thrpj;Jf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

khztu; gq;fspg;Gld; NkYk; gy

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfis Kd;itAq;fs;.

tpilia kPz;Lk; thrpAq;fs;.

10 My; tFf;Fk;NghJ ngwg;gLk;

tpilapd; ngWkjp Fiwe;Js;sJ

vd;gij fye ;Jiuahly; %yk;

gjpAq;fs;.


10 My; ngUf;Fk; 10 My; tFf;Fk;

fyg;Gg; gapw;rpfis toq;fp> gj;jhy;

ngUf;Fk; kw;Wk; tFf;Fk; jpwid

gFg;gha;T nra;Aq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1& 5 x 10 } .....

2& 46 ÷ 10 } .....

3& 50 x 10 } .....

4& 7 ÷ 10 } .....

5& 189 x 10 } .....

6& 300 ÷ 10 } .....

7& 506 x 10 } .....

8& 506 ÷ 10 } .....

9& 777 x 10 } .....

10& 777 ÷ 10 } .....

trdk; vOjpj; jPUq;fs;.

11& jl;nlhd;wpy; 235 goq;fis

itf;fyhk;. mt;thwhd 10

jl ;Lfs py ; itf ;ff ;$ba

goq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?

12& tpahghupnahUtu; 10 ehl;fspy;

950 kg kuf ;fwp tpw ;gid

nra;Js;shu;. mtu; jpdKk;

rkkhd msT kuf;fwpia

tpw;gid nra;jhu; vdpy;> xU

ehs py ; t pw ; gid nra ;j

kuf;fwpapd; epiw vd;d?

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ gpd ;tUtd Nghd;W yPw ;wu ; >

kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfs; vOjg;gl;l

ml;ilfs; - FOtpw;F 2 tPjk;.

24 l 200 ml 5 l 275 ml 13 l 30 ml 7 l 370 ml 48 l 35 ml 3 l 800 ml 66 l 105 ml 6 l 750 ml


³ yPw;wu; ³ kpy;ypyPw;wu;


Kd ;dw pit k Pl ;Ltjw ;Fr ; r py

kdf ;fz pj t pdhf ; fis Kd ;

itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1. ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; 800 ml ghy; ,Ue;jJ.mjw ;F ,d ;Dk ; 7 0 0 ml ghy ;

Nru;f;fg;gl;lhy; ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s

ghypd; nkhj;j msT vj;jid kpy;yp

yPw;wu; MFk;?

2. 1500 ml ,y; cs;s yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu;

msTfs; ahit?

3. jhq;fpnahd;wpy; ,Ue;j 8 yPw;wu;

vz;nza;Ald; ,d;Dk; 16 yPw;wu;

vz;nza; Nru;f;fg;gl;ljd; gpd;du;

jhq;fpapy; ,Uf;Fk; vz;nza;apd;

msT vt;tsT?

khztnuhUtUf;F jhd; tpUk;Gk;

kpy;ypyPw;wu;> yPw;wu; msnthd;iwf;

fUk;gyifapy; vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.

mjw;Ff; fPNo ,d;ndhU yPw;wu;>

kpy;ypyPw;wu; msit vOJtjw;F

,d;ndhU khziu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mt;tpU msTfisAk; Nru;f;Fk;NghJ

ngwg;gLk; jputj;jpd; nkhj;j msT

vt;tsT vdf; fhz;gjw;F ,d;ndhU


,t;thwhd vspa gpur pdq;fis

Kd;itj ;J khztuplk ; ,Ue ;J

tpilfisg; ngWq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: yPw;wu; kpy;ypyPw;wu

24 200 + 5 300

29 500

,t;thwhf tFg;gpy; cs;s khztupd;

gq;Fgw;wYld; fpukkhfr; rpf;fyhFk;

t pjj ;j py ; $l ;ly ; g pur pdq ;fis

(nfhz;L nry;yYldhd) Kd;itj;J


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

6 yPw;wu; 350 kpy;ypyPw;wu; ghy;; cs;s

ghj;jpuj;jpw;F 4 yPw;wu; 750 kpy;ypyPw;wu;

ghy; Cw;wg;gl;lJk; cs;s ghypd;

nkhj;j msT vt;tsT?

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

yPw;wu; kpy;ypyPw;wu;

6 350 +4 750

11 1001100

1 yPw;wu; 100 kpy;ypyPw;wu;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; $l;Lthu;.

ghlk; 1 ghlk; 1 ghlk; 1 ghlk; 1 ghlk; 1

Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msTyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msTyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msTyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msTyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wupy; jug;gl;l nghUspd; msT

njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu ;g ;ghu;.

fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2fdtsTk; nfhs;ssTk; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

28 28 28 28 28

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


g p ur pdnkhd ;iw Kd ;itj ;Jf ;

f pilahff ; $l ;Lk ; t pjj ;ij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 1:

ghj ;jpuj ;j py ; 5l 500ml vz;nza;

,Ue;jJ. mjw;F ,d;Dk; 3l 200 mlvz;nza; Nru;f;fg;gl;lhy; ghj;jpuj;jpy;

cs;s vz;nza;apd; nkhj;j msT

vt;tsT?

5 l 500 ml + 3 l 200 ml= 8 l 700 ml

(yPw;wu; msTfSk; kpy;yp yPw;wu;

msTfSk; jdpj;jdpahf $l;lg;gl;ld

vd tpsf;Fq;fs;.)

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 2:

thfdnkhd;wpd; vupnghUs; jhq;fpapy;

32 l 750 ml vu pnghUs ; cz;L .

vupnghUs; epug;Gk; epiyankhd;wpy;

,d ;Dk ; 75l 800 ml vu pnghUs ;

mjDld; Nru;f;fg;gl;lhy; jhq;fpapy;

cs;s vupnghUspd; msT ahJ?

32 l 750 ml + 75 l 800 ml= 107 l 1550 ml107 l + 1 l 550 ml= 108 l 550 ml



xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; ,uz;L

ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.

KjyhtJ> ,uz;lhtJ ml;ilfs;

,uz;bYk; ,Ue;J Xu; msT tPjk;

njupTnra;J gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;

fpilahfTk; epiyf;Fj;jhfTk;

vOjpf; $l;LkhW $Wq;fs;.


gpd;tUtd Nghd;W yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu;

$l;ly; gpurpdq;fs; rpytw;iw

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;L : cUf ;fisf ;

nfhz;L tpilaspAq;fs;.

A B

C D

NkNy fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sit ePu; cs;s

ehd;F ghj;jpuq;fs; MFk;.

1. ghj;jpuq;fs; A> B Mfpa ,uz;bYk;

cs;s e Pu pd ; fdtsTfspd ;

$l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhZq;fs;.

2. g hj ;j p uq ;fs ; B> D Mf pa

,uz ;bYk ; cs ;s e P u pd ;

fdtsTfspd; $l;Lj; njhif

iaf; fhZq;fs;.

3. ghj;jpuq;fs; B> C Mfpa ,uz;bYk;

cs;s e Pu pd ; fdtsTfspd ;

$l;Lj;njhifiaf; fhZq;fs;.

4. g hj ;j p uq ;fs ; C> D Mf pa

,uz ;bYk ; cs ;s e P u pd ;

fdtsTfspd; $l;Lj; njhif

iaf; fhZq;fs;.


Nkyj pf cjt p Njitg ; gL

NthUf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;yy; ;

,y ;yhj yPw ;wu ; > kpy ;ypy Pw ;wu ;

msTfs; cs;s $l;ly; gapw;rp

fis toq;Fq;fs;.

Ntfkhff ; fw ;Wf ; nfhs ;Sk ;

khztUf;Fg; gpd;tUk; tpjkhd

gpurpdq;fis toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:tpUe;jpdUf;F ,dpg;Gg; ghdk;

nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf xU gps;is

1.5 yPw;wu; nfhs;Sk; Nghj;jy;

xd;iw vLj;Jf;nfhz;L filf;Fr;

nrd;whu;. mq;F ,Ue;jit 375ml,dpg;Gg; ghd Nghj;jy;fs; MFk;.

mtu; nfhz;L nrd;w Nghj;jiy

epug;Gtjw;F vj;jid ,dpg;Gg; ghd

Nghj;jy;fs; Njit?

23 l 750 ml 56 l 500 ml

40 l 305 ml 78 l 75 ml

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhUyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhUyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhUyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhUyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhU

yPw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .y Pw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .y Pw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .y Pw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .y Pw ;wu ; > k py ;y py Pw ;wu ; msnthd;iwf ; fopg ;ghu ; .

(nfhz;L tUjYld;)(nfhz;L tUjYld;)(nfhz;L tUjYld;)(nfhz;L tUjYld;)(nfhz;L tUjYld;)


³ yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfs;

vOjg;gl;l rpy ml;ilfs;

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

10 l 755 ml 40 l 305 mlghj;jpuq;fs; ,uz;bd; cUtg;glk;

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

17 l 4 l


vspa gpurpdq;fs; rpytw;iw kdf;

fz pjkhf t pilas pg ; gjw ;F


1. 4 yPw ;wu ; ,dpg ;Gg ; ghzp cs;s

ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; ,Ue;J 3 yPw;wu;

ghzpia vLj;jhy; vQ;rp ,Uf;Fk;

ghzpapd; msT vt;tsT?

2. Nghj;jnyhd;wpy; ,Ue;J 7l 880 mlvz;nza; mstpy; ,Ue;J 2l 800 mlvz;nza; tpw;fg;gl;lJ. vQ;rpAs;s

vz;nza;apd; msT ahJ?

3. 1l 500 ml ,Ue;J 750 ml If; fopg;gJvt;thW vd khztuplk; tpdhTq;fs;.

(500 ml ,y; ,Ue;J 750 ml If; fopf;fKbahJ vd;gjdhYk; 1l 500ml vd;gJ1500 ml vd;gjdhYk; mjpypUe;J

750ml If; fopf;f KbAk; vd;gijAk;

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

17 l > 4l msTfisf; nfhs;Sk;

ghj ;j puq ;fspd ; tu pg ;glq ;fisf ;

fhl;Lq;fs;. ,t;tpU ghj;jpuq;fisf;

nfhz;L 1 l j putf ; fdtsit

Mf;FtJ vt;thW vd khztuplk;

tpdhTq;fs;.

1l jputf; fdtsit gpd;tUkhW

Mf ;FNthk ; vd MNyhrid

$Wq;fs;.

17 l ghj;jpuj;ij Kw;whf ePuhy;

epug;Gq;fs;.

17 l ghj ; j p uj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J 4 lghj;jpuj;jpw;F ePu; Cw;Wtjd; %yk;

jlitnahd;w py ; 4 l tPjk ; e Piu

ntspNaw;Wtjw;fhff; $Wq;fs;.

17 l - 4 l } 13 l13 l - 4 l } 9 l 9 l - 4 l } 5 l 5 l - 4 l } 1 l

,t;thwhf 1l I Mf;fyhk; vd

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

nfhs ;ssTfs ; Fw pf ; fg ; gl ; l

ml;ilfis ,U ngl;bfspy; ,l;L

mtw;wpy ; ,Ue;J tpUk;g pa ,U

ml ;ilfis vLf ;FkhW ,U

khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

mt;tpU ml;ilfspYk; Fwpf ;fg ;

gl;Ls;s ,U msTfspy; ngWkjp

$ba msit Kjypy; fUk;gyifapy;

vOjp gpd;du; mjw;Ff; fPNo Fiwe;j

msit vOjpf; fopf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

,t;thwhf ml;ilfspd; cjtpAld;

fopj ;jy; gpur pdq;fs; rpytw;iw

khztupd; gq;Fgw;wYld; jPu;j;Jf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

l ml4 375

- 2 5841 791

l ml42 280

- 10 37031 910


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J




xt;nthU FOtpw ;Fk ; jputf ;

nfhs;ssTfs; nfhz;l ml;ilfs;

4 tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.

3 fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fs; tPjk; vOjpj;

jPu;f;FkhW khztUf;Ff; $Wq;fs;.

tpiuthfr; nra;Ak; khztu;fSf;F

NkYk; Njitahd ml;ilfis

toq;Fq;fs;.


FOf;fSf;Fr; nrd;W Njitahd

cjtpfis toq;Fq;fs;.

ga pw ;r pg ; Gj ;jfj ;j py ; vOjpj ;


24 yPw;wu; 450 kpy;ypyPw;wu; ePiuf;

nfhs;Sk; jhq;fpnahd;wpy; ,Ue;J

15 yPw;wu; 800 kpy;ypyPw;wu; ePiu

mfw;wpajd; gpd;du; vQ;rpapUf;Fk;

ePupd; fdtsT ahJ?


³ ngUf;fy;


³ myF khw;wk; ,d;wp yPw;wu;>

kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfspy; ngUf;fy;

gpurpdq;fs; nfhz;l ml;ilfs;.


2 l nfhs;Sk; ,dpg ;Gg ; ghdg ;

Nghj;jy;fs; ,uz;il mg;gh nfhz;L

te;jhu;. mt;tpU Nghj;jy;fspYk;

cs;s ghdj ;j pd ; msT ahJ?

,t ;thwhd vs pa kdf ;fz pj

tpdhf;fis Kd;itj;J tpilfisg;

ngWq;fs;.

vLj ;Jf ; f hl ;Lfis toq ;f p >

khztUf;Fg; gpurpde; jPu;g;gjw;Fr;


vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

Flnkhd;W 5l 300 ml ePu; nfhs;Sk;

mf;Flj;jpdhy; %d;W jlitfs; ePu;

Cw;wp gPg;gha; xd;W epug;gg;gl;lJ.

gPg;ghapy; cs;s ePupd; nkhj;j msT

ahJ?

Flk; nfhs;Sk; ePupd;

msT } 5 l 300 ml,lg;gl;l jlitfspd;

vz;zpf;if } 3gPg;ghapy; cs;s ePupd;

nkhj;j msT } 5 l 300 ml x 3} 15 l 900 ml

,t;thwhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfis Kd;

itj;J khztUld; Nru;e;J rpy

gpurpdq;fisj; jPUq;fs;.



xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gpurpdq;fs;

mlq;fpa ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.

mjpYs;s gpurpdq;fisg; gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpj; jPu ;g ;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

FOf ;fs pilNa ml ;ilfis

khw;wpf; nfhz;L> 5 gpurpdq;fis

NaDk; jPu;g;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.



MNyhridfis toq;Fq;fs;.

ghlE}y; gapw;rpfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfisf; nfhz;l ngUf;fy;

gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghdyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghdyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghdyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghdyPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; msnthd;iw tFj;jy; njhlu;ghd

gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. (myF khw;wk; ,d;wp)



³ tFj;jy;


³ myF khw;wk; ,d;wp yPw;wu;>

kpy;ypyPw;wu; msTfspy; tFj;jy;

gpurpdq;fs; cs;slf;fpa xg;gil

ml;il.


g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;W kdf ;fzpj

tpdhf;fis Kd;itj;J khztiu

tpilaspf;f topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: I300 kpy;ypyPw;wu; jz;zPu;> rk msthf

%d;W ghj;jpuq;fspy; ,lg;gl;lhy;

xt;nthU ghj ;j puj ;j pYk; cs;s

jz;zPupd; msT ahJ?

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: II800 kpy;ypyPw;wu; jz;zPu; ehd;F

ghj;jpuq;fspy; rkkhf ,lg;gl;lhy;

xt;nthU ghj ;j puj ;j pYk; cs;s

jz;zPupd; msT ahJ?

gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gpurpdq;fis

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 1ghj;jpunkhd;wpy; 10 l 500ml ,dpg;Gg;

ghdk; mlq;Fk;. ,J 5 ghj;jpuq;fspy;

rkdhf ,lg ; gl ;lJ. xt ;nthU

ghj;jpuj;jpYk; cs;s ghdj;jpd; msT

ahJ?

ghj;jpuj;jpy; mlq;Fk;

ghdj;jpd; msT } 10 l 500mlrkdhf ,lg;gl;l

ghj;jpuq;fspd; msT } 5xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s

ghdj;jpd; msT } 10 l 500ml ÷5

2 l 100ml5 10 l 500ml 10 05 5

00 0

00 0

0xU ghj;jpuj;jpy; cs;s ,dpg;Gg;

ghdj;jpd; msT } 2 l 100ml

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:; 2

8l 480ml msTs ;s gor ; r hW 4

Nfhg ;igfSf ;Fs ; rk msthf

Cw;wg;gl;lJ. xU Nfhg;igapy; cs;s

gor;rhwpd; msT ahJ?

2l 120ml4 8l 480ml 8

0 4 4

0 8 8 0 0 0 0

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 3:

9 l 600 ml I 3 My; tFq;fs;.

mjid vOJk; tpjj ;ij Kd; -

itAq ;fs ; . mjidj ; j P u ; f ;Fk ;


10l I 5 My; tFj;jhy;

2. ,jid yPw ;wu ; ;

epuypy; vOJNthk;.

500ml I 5 My;

tFj;jhy; 100 ml.,jid kpy;ypyPw;wu;

epuypy; vOJNthk;.

tpil : 2l 100mll

NkNy

tptupf;fg;gl;l-

thW ,jidAk;

gbg;gbahf

khztUf;F

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

tpil 2l 120ml

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


9l 600ml ÷ 3

3 ml 200ml 3 9 ml 600ml 9 0 6 6 00 0 00 0 0


tFg;ig rpy FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gpurpdk;

vOjg;gl;l ml;ilia toq;Fq;fs;.


khw ;w pf ;nfhz;L g pur pdq ;fs ;

Ie;ijNaDk; xt;nthU FOTk;




MNyhridfis toq;Fq;fs;.

gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gpurpdq;fs;

rpytw;iwj; jPu ;g ;gjw;F topg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

9l 300ml ÷ 3

12l 600ml ÷ 3

6l 450ml ÷ 2

9l I 3 My; tFj;jhy;

3. ,jid yPw;wu;

epuypy; vOJNthk;.

600 ml I 3 My;

tFj;jhy; 200 mlMFk;. ,jid ml

epuypy; vOJNthk;.

tpil 3ml 200 mlMFk;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.kPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.

mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ;k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ;k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ;k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ;k P w ; w u ; > nrd ; w p k P w ; w u ; myFfs py ; e Psj ;ijmyFfs py ; e Psj ;ijmyFfs py ; e Psj ;ijmyFfs py ; e Psj ;ijmyFfs py ; e Psj ;ij

mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

ePsKk; J}uKk; 2ePsKk; J}uKk; 2ePsKk; J}uKk; 2ePsKk; J}uKk; 2ePsKk; J}uKk; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

29 29 29 29 29


³ kPw;wu; ³ mDkhdk;


³ ,U khztUf;F xd;W tPjk;

kPw;wu; Nfhy; my;yJ xU kPw;wu;

ePskhd kuf;fPyk;.


ePsj;ij msg;gjw;F ehk; gad;gLj;jpa

msT vd ;dntd khztu plk ;

tpdTq;fs;.

xt;nthU msTfisAk; gad;gLj;jpa

re;ju;g;gq;fs; njhlu;ghff; fye;Jiu

ahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

tFg;giwia msg;gjw;F kPw;wu; Nfhy;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; Gj;jf-

nkhd;wpd; ePs> mfyk; nrd;upkPw;wupy;

msf;fg;gl;lJ.

kPw;wnuhd;wpd; ePsk; ve;jsT vd;gijf;

$WkhW khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

khztu; rpyUf;F jkJ ,Uif

fisAk; tpu pj ;Jf;fhl;b my;yJ

fUk;gyif %iyapypUe;J VNjDk;

(milahskpl;L) xU kPw;wu; ePsj;jpd;

msitf; fhl;Ltjw;F re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

k Pw ;wu ;Nfhiy tFg;g py ; fhl ;r pg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;. mjd; ePsj;Jld; NtW

e Psj ;ij xg ;g pl ;Lf ; $Wtjw ;F

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fUk;gyifapd; ePsk; kPw;wu;Nfhypd;

ePsj;ijg;Nghy; 5 klq;F MFk;.

NtW tpilfs; cs;sdth vd;gijr;

Nrhjpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;. jhk; $wpa

tpilfs; njhlu;ghff; fUj;Jf;fs; $w

tpUk;GNthUf;F mjw;fhd re;ju;g;

gj;ij toq;Fq;fs;.

,J Nghd;W> VNjDk; xU ePsj;ij

kPw;wupd; ePsj;Jld; kdjhy; xg;gpl;Lg;

ghu;j;J> vj;jid kPw;wu;fs; ePskhf

,Uf;fyhk; vdf; $Wjy; "kPw;wupy;mDkhd pj ; jy ; " MFk ; . ,ij

khztu plk ; $wNtz;Lk ; vd ;w

mtrpakpy ;iy. ,J njhlu ;ghd

mwpTiufs; kl;Lk; toq;fpdhy;

NghJkhdJ.

,g ; Ng hJ vkJ mDkhdq ;fs ;

ve;jsTf;F rupahdit vd;gijg;

ghu;g;Nghk; vd;W $Wq;fs;. khztu;

gq;fspg;Gld; mDkhdpj;j ePsj;ij

mse;J ghUq;fs; vd;W $Wq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztuJ mDkhdq;fSk;

cz;ikahd msTfSf;F ve;jsT

nghUj ;jkhf cs ;snjd ;gijf ;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

NkNy $wg;gl;ltpjkhd NtW rpy

msj ;jy ; re ;ju ;g ;gq ;fspd ;NghJ>

mDkhdpg;gjw;Fk; mse;J cWjpg;

gLj ;j pf ; nfhs;tjw ;Fk ; xOq;F

nra;Aq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


kPw;wu;fspy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpj;jy;>

msj;jy; gw ;w p tpsf;fp> NkYk;

mt;thwhd msj;jy; re;ju ;g ;gq;

fSf;fhd gl;banyhd;iw tFg;G

khztUld; fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;

gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

k P w ; w u py ; e Psj ;ij msf ;fTk ;

mDkhdpf;fTk; ePsk; / cauj;ijf;

fpl;ba kPw;wupy; kl;Lk; fhZkhWk;

mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

%d;W kPw;wiutpl rw;W mjpfkhapd;

3 kPw;wuhfTk; 5 kPw;wUf;Ff; nfhQ;rk;

Fiwthdhy; 5 kPw;wu; vd;wthW.


khztiu ,UtupUtuhfr; Nru;j;J

xt;nthU Nrhbf;Fk; xU kPw;wu;

Nfhy; my;yJ xU kPw;wu; ePsKs;s

kuf;fPyk; xd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

fUk;gyifapy; vOjg;gl;l msj;jy;

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; tpUk;gpa Ie;ijj;

njupe;Jnfhz;L gpd;tUk; tpjkhd

ml;ltiziag;; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;

jahupj;Jf;nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.

msj;jy; mDkhdpj;j cz;ikahd

re;ju;g;gk; ePsk;/cauk; ePsk;/cauk;

1'tFg;giwapd; kPw;wu; ''''' ''''''''''''''' ePsk; 2' '''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' 3' '''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' 4' '''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''

5' '''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''

xt;nthU msj;jy; re;ju;g;gj;jpYk;

Kjypy; msf;ftpUf;Fk; ePsk;/cauj;ij mDkhdpj;Jf;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk ; . mtu ;fs ; ,UtuJ

mDkhdq ;fSk ; rkkhdjh ?

NtWgl ;ljh? NtWgl ;ljhapd ;

mjid ntt;Ntwhf vOjpf ; -

nfhs;SkhW $Wq;fs;.

,UtUk; xNu kPw;wu; Nfhiyg;

gad;gLj;jp cz;ikahd ePsj;ij

mse;J ghu ;f ;FkhW mwpTWj;-

Jq;fs; . ,q;F xU khztd;

msf ;Fk ; Ng hJ mts ; /mtd ;

msg ;gJ ru pahdjh vd ;gij

mtjhdpg;gjw;F Vida khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. (ePsk; msj;jpd;

NghJ filg ;g pbf ;f Ntz;ba

xOq;F Kiwia mtrpakhapd;

epidTgLj;Jq;fs;)

cz;ikahd ePsj;ij ml;ltiz-

apy ; Fwpj ;Jf ; nfhs;tjw ;Fk ;

cz;ikahd ePsj;Jf;Ff; fpl;ba-

thW mDkhdpf;Fk; jpwd; ve;js

Tf;F cs;sJ vd;gij mwpe;J

nfhs ;sTk ; khztiu to pg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

xNu msj;jy; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; khzt

Nrhbfs; mDkhdpj;j gytifahd

msTfSf ;Fk ; > cz;ikahd

msTf;Fk; cs;s tpj;jpahrq;fs;

njhlu;ghff; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.


ePsk; / cauk; mDkhdpj;jypy; rpy

khztu;fs; gpd;jq;fpapUf;ff; $Lk;.

mjidf; fz;lwpe;J Njitahd

topfhl;liy toq;Fq;fs;.

mtu;fsJ> ePsk; / cauq;fisr;

rupahf msj;jy;> ml;ltiziar;

rupahfg; g+u;j;jp nra;jy;> xw;Wik-

ahfr ; nraw ; gLjy ; Nghd ; w

nraw ;ghLfis mtjhdpj ;Jj ;

Njitahd cjtpfis khztu;

fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ nrd;upkPw;wu; ³ mDkhdk;


³ ,uz;L khztUf;F xd;WtPjk;>

nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPL nfhz;l Neu;

tpspk;G my;yJ nrd;upkPw;wu;

FwpaPL nfhz;l fljhrpf;fPyk;.

FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;FO tFg;G mwpKfk;;

rpwpa ePs msTfis msg;gjw;F

nrd;upkPw;wiug; gad;gLj;Jk; jpwidf;

fye;Jiuahly; %yk; NkNyhq;fr;

nra;Aq;fs;.

md ;w hl tho ;t py ; r p w pa e Ps

msTfisAk; mDkhdpf;f Ntz;ba

mtr pak ; Vw ; gLk ; vd ; gij

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; %yk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fhyzp thq ;Fk ;NghJ cq;fs ;

ghjj;jpd; ePsk; vt;tsT vd;gij

mDkhdpf;f Ntz;ba re;ju;g ;gk;

Vw;gLk;.

,d;W ePsj;ij nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy;

mDkhdpg;Nghk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs py ; e Psj ;ij

mDkhdpg;gjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhdit

ahit? nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy; ePsj;ij

msg;gjw;Fj; njupTnra;jtw;iwg;

gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

xU nrd;u pk Pw ;wu ; e Psk ; vd;gJ

vt;tsT? nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPL cs;s

Neu;tpspk;G / msj;jy; ehlh / fljhrpf;fPyk; vd;gtw;iw mtjhdpf;FkhW

khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.

mtu;fsJ tpuy; me;jj;jpypUe;J

msitf; fhz;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq ;Fq ;fs ; . ngd ;r py ; my ;yJ

Ngidapd; ePs msitf; fhz;gjw;F

re;ju;g;gk; toq;fp> nrd;upkPw;wupd;

msit kdjpy; gjpj;Jf;nfhs;sr;

nra;Aq;fs;. tpuypd; ,U me;jq;-

fisAk; nrd;upkPw;wupy; fhz;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

ngd;r py ; > Ngid my;yJ NtW

nghUl;fis khztUf;Ff; fhl;Lq;fs;.

mtw;wpd; ePsj;ij nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy;

mDkhdpf;FkhW mwpTiu toq;F-

q;fs;. khztu;fsJ mDkhdq;fs;

rpytw;iwf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJ-

q;fs;.

khztu; gq;fspg ;Gld; mtw;iw

mse;J fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

mtu;fsJ mDkhdq;fs; cz;ik-

ahd ePsj;Jf;F ve;jsT fpl;bAs;sJ


nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;-

gjw ;Fg ; gof pf ; nfhs ;tjw ;F >

vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSldhd re;ju;g;gq;-

fis khztUf;F cUthf ;f pf ;

nfhLq;fs;.

nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs py ; e Psj ;ij

mDkhdpg;gjw;Fk; msg;gjw;Fk; NkYk;

,t;thwhd msj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fs;

nfhz ;l ml ; ltiznahd ;iw

khztUld; fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.


,UtupUtuhf tFg;ig xOq;f-

ikj;Jf; nfhz;L> xt;nthU Nrhb

khztUf;Fk; nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPL

nfhz;l Neu ;t ps pk ;G my;yJ

fljhrpf;fPyk; xd;W toq;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>nrd;upkPw;wupy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;>

mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.mse;J ghu;g;ghu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


fUk;gyifapy; cs;s msj;jy;

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; tpUk;gpa 5 Ij;

njupT nra;J gpd;tUk; ml;lt-

iziag; gapw;rpg ; Gj;jfj;jpy;

jahupj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW mwpTiu

toq;Fq;fs;.

msj;jy; mDkhdpj;j cz;ikahd


1' ngd;rpypd; ePsk;

2' ''''''''''''''''''

3' ''''''''''''''''''

4' ''''''''''''''''''

5' ''''''''''''''''''

xt;nthU msj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;-

fspYk; Kjypy; msf;f Ntz;ba

ePsk; / cauj;ij mDkhdpf;fTk;

mjid ml;ltizapy; vOjpf;-

nfhs;sTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,UtUk; xd;whf> cz;ikahd

e Psj ;ij mse ;J > mjid

ml;ltizapy; vOjpf;nfhs;sTk;

mwpTiu toq;Fq;fs;.

Ke;jpa ghlj;jpy; $wg;gl;lthW>

mDkhdpj;j ePs msT kw;Wk;

cz;ikahd ePs msT njhlu;-

ghfTk; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.


khztu;fs; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;b-

Uf;Fk;NghJ FOf;fsplk; nrd;W

mtjhdpj;Jj; Njitahd cjtp-

fis toq;Fq;fs;.


³ kPw;wu; ³ nrd;upkPw;wu;

³ mDkhdk;


³ e Psj ;ij k P w ; w u ; my ;yJ

nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy; msg;gjw;fhf>

1 Mk ; > 2Mk ; ghlq ;fs py ;

gad;gLj;jpa msj;jy; cgfuz-

q;fs;.

³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk;> kPw;wu;fspy;

my;yJ nrd;upkPw;wu;fspy; kl;Lk;

e Psj ;ij mDkhd pf ;Fk ; 6

re ; j u ; g ; gq ; fs ; fyitahf

mlq;fpathW jahupf ;fg ;gl ;l

xg;gil ml;il.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

msj;jy; mDkhdpj;j cz;ik


1' fjTr;rPiy

cauk;

2' ckJ mopg;ghdpd;

ePsk;

3' Mrpupa Nkirapd;

ePsk;

4' ghy;kh igf;fw;wpd;

mfyk;

5' ad;dypd; mfyk;

6' jiuapy; ,Ue;J

fjT cauk;


ePsj;ij msg;gjw;F msj;jy; myF>

cgfuzk; ,Ue;jhYk; e Psj ;ij

mDkhdpf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpak;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ijk P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ijk P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ijk P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ijk P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; nrd ; u p k P w ; w u ; fs pYk ; e Psj ;ij

mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.mDkhdpg;ghu;> mse;J gjpj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


vDk; fUj;J NkNyhq;Fk; tifapy;

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf;fis Kd;itj;Jf;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

msj;jy; cgfuzk; fpilf;fhj

re;ju;g ;gq;fspy; ePsk; gw;wpa

mwpit cUthf;Ftjw;F>

msg;gjw;F mjpf Neuk; vLf;Fk;

re;ju;g;gj;jpy;> cldbahf ePsk;

gw;wpj; jPu;khdpg;gjw;F>

msg ;gjw ;F mUNf nry ;y

Kbahj e piyika pd ;NghJ

t piuthf msT xd ;iwj ;

jPu;khdpg;gjw;F>

Nghd;wit.

ehk; kPw;wu;fspYk; nrd;upkPw;wu;fspYk;

kl;Lk; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;gjw;F

NkYk; gapw;rp ngWtjhff; $Wq;fs;.

mJ njhlu ; g hf khztu ;fsJ

fUj;Jf;fis tprhupj;J mjpYs;s

,lu;g;ghLfis mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Njitahapd; kPz;Lk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L

fis Kd;itAq;fs;.


tFg;ig 5 FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; NghJkhd

msT msj;jy; cgfuzk; kw;Wk;

xg;gil ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.

xg;gil ml;ilapy; jug;gl;Ls;s

ml ; ltiziag ; ga pw ; r p g ;

Gj ;jfj ;j py ; g puj p nra;tjw ;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

xU khztd; ml;ltizapYs;s

msj;jy; re;ju;g;gj;ijf; $Wthu;>

midtUk ; Nru ; e ;J mj py ;

Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ePsk; / cauj;ij

mDkhdpg;gjw;F Vw;w msj;jy;

mynfhd;iwj; jPu;khdpg;ghu;.

(,q;F ePsk; / cauj;ij kPw;wUf;F

mjpfkhapd; kPw;wupYk; kPw;wUf;Ff;

Fiwthapd ; nrd ;u pk Pw ;wu pYk ;

mDkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij

khztu; jPu;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU

kPw;wiutpl $ba ePsk; / cau

msTfis kPw ;wu pYk ; nrd;u p

kPw;wupYk; mDkhdpj;jy; vd;gJ

,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy. ,J

gw;wp mwpTiu toq;Fq;fs;)

midtUk; jkJ mDkhdq;fisg;

gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpf;nfhz;l

gpd;> Kd;G $wg;gl;lthW khztu;

cz;ikahd ePsj;ij msg;g-

jw ;Fk ; kw ;iwa khztu ;fs ;

mjid mtjhdpg;gjw;Fk; topg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztDf;Fk; Fiwe;j

gl;rk; xU msj;jy; re;ju;g;gNkDk;

fpilf;Fk; tpjkhf khw;wp khw;wpr;




NghJ> mtu;fs; vjpu ;Nehf;Fk;

,lu;g;ghLfs; njhlu;ghf mtjh-

dpj ;J mwpe ;J nfhs;Sq;fs; .

Njitahd topfhl;liy toq;Fq;-

fs;.

tPl;by; gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

gy;tifahd msTfis mDkhdpg;-

gjpYk; kPz;Lk; mse;J ghu;g;gjpYk;;

mtu;fsJ ftdj;ijr; nrYj;J-

tjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ ePsk; ³ Rw;wsT

³ Mok;


³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;

³ nrd;upkPw;wu; Nfhy;

³ msj;jy; ehlh

³ fapW / E}y;

³ gy;NtW msj;jy; re;ju;g;gq;fisf;

nfhz ;l gl ; bay ; (FOr ;

nraw;ghl;Lf;fhf.)


e Psj ;ij msg;gjw ;fhd Njit-

Naw ; gLk ; re ;ju ; g ; gq ;fs ; gw ;w p

khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;. mtu;fs;

ngUk;ghYk; ,uz;L ,lq;fSf;

fpilNa cs;s J}uk; / cauk; / ePsk;Nghd;w vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfisf; $wyhk;.

md;whl Njitf;fhf ePsj;ij msf;f

Ntz;ba gy;NtW re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

mtu;fsJ mtjhdj;ijr; nrYj;J-

tjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

tbfhy; xd;iwj; Njhz;Lk;

NghJ> mjd; ePsk;> mfyk;

kl;Lky;yhJ> Mok; gw;wpAk;

ftdk; nrYj;j NeupLk;.

Mil ijf;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy;

xUtUila ,Lg;gsT> iffspd;

ePsk;> fOj;jpd; msT Nghd;w-

tw;iw msf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Jzp> fapW> E}y; Nghd;wtw;iw

thq;Fk;NghJ> mtw;iw gy

tpjkhd ePs msTfspy; msf;f

Ntz;bapUf;Fk;.

,t;thwhd xt;nthU re;ju;g ;gq;-

fs pYk ; e Psj ;ij msg ;gjw ;Fg ;

gad ; gLj ; jf ;$ba cgfuzk ;

vd;dntd;gJ gw;w pf ; fye;Jiu-

ahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

xUtuJ clypd; gy msTfisf;

fhz ;gjw ;F Neu ;t ps pk ;igg ;

gad;gLj;j KbAkh?

,jw;F msj;jy; ehlh kpfg;-

nghUj;jkhdJ.

tbfhy ; xd ; w pd ; Moj ;ij

msg;gjw;F Neu;tpspk;G my;yJ

nrd;u pk Pw ;wu ; Nfhy; xd;iwg;

gad;gLj;jyhk;.

ghlrhiy tstpy;> kuj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;s

tl;ltbt kjpiy my;yJ tiuag;gl;l

tl ; ltbt vy ;iyia msf ;f

Ntz;baJ mtrpak; vdf; $Wq;fs;.

,jw;fhf Vw;w ,lj;Jf;F mioj;Jr;

nry;Yq;fs;.

,e;j msitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ

vt;thW vd khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;.

mtu;fs; gy;NtW tpjkhd tpil-

fisf; $Wtu;. msf;f Ntz;ba

vy;iyapy; fapiwr; Rw;wp> me;jf;

fapw;wpd;; ePsj;ij kPw;wu; Nfhy; my;yJ

msj;jy; ehlhitf; nfhz;L msg;gJ

vd;gJ ,yFthd Kiwnad;gijf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

msj;jy; ehlh my;yJ E}y;> fapW

vd;gtw;Wld; kPw;wu; Nfhiyg; gad;-

gLj;jp> ePsj;ij msf;Fk; gy;NtW

re;ju;g;gq;fs; njhlu;ghd mDgtq;-

fSld; khztiu tpisahl;Lfspy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

ghlrhiy tstpy; mjpf J}uj;jpy;

mike;Js;s ,uz;L ,lq;fSf;F

,ilNaAs;s J}uj;ij msg;gjw;fhd

re;ju;g;gj;ij xOq;F nra;Aq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: gy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpgy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpgy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpgy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpgy;NtW msj;jy; cgfuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp

ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.ePsj;ij msg;ghu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ Rw;wsT


³ msj;jy; ehlh

³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;


³ xg ; gil ml ;il > (k P w ; w u ; >

nrd;u pk Pw ;wu ;fspy; ngUf;fy;>

tFj;jy; nfhz;l gpurpdq;fs;

mlq;fpaJ)


cq;fs; 3 kPw;wu; ePsKk; 2 kPw;wu;

mfyKk; nfhz;l ghj;jpnahd;wpw;F

Ntypailf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; vt;tsT

ePskhd fapW Njit? vd khztuplk;

tpdTq;fs;.

mt;thwhd ghj;jpapd; ePsj;ijAk;

mfyj;ijAk; Rw;wpf; fapw;why; mse;J

nfhz;L gpd;du; mf;fapw;wpd; cz;ik

msit mse;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

xt;nthU gf;fj;jpd; ePsj;ijAk;

$l;Ltjhy; fapw;wpd; ePsj;ijf; fhz

KbAk;.

,uz;L ,lq ;fSk; rkjiuapy ;

mike;jpUf;fhtpby; vd;d nra;ayhk;?

mt;tplq;fSf;F ,ilNa ,lu;fs; /

jilfs; (tbfhy;> fw;fs;) ,Ue;jhy;

vd;d nra;ayhk;? Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

,uz ;L ,lq ;fSf ;Fk pilNa

fa pw ; w pdhy ; mse ;j g pd ;du ;

mf;fapw;wpd; ePsj;ij cgfuzq;fshy;

mse;J ghu;g;gJ ,yFthdJ vd;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fapW mjpf ePskhapd; fapw;wpy;

msj;jy; cgfuzj;ijg; nghUj;jp

ePsj;ij msg;gij tpl> cgfuzj;ij

epiyahf itj;Jf; fapw;iw me;j

mstpd;kPJ ,izj;J itj;J mse;J-

nfhs;syhk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.


tFg;ig trjpf ;Nfw;g FOf;f-

shf;Fq;fs;.

tise;j gFjpfis msg;gjw;Fg;

nghUj;jkhd fapW> E}y; Nghd;w-

tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jf;$bathW

Rw;wsT> Mok; Nghd;wtw;iw

msf;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; mlq;fpa

gl;bay; xd;iwf; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

FOf;fs; xd;wpize;J xt;nthU

re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mse;J ghu;f;fTk;>

mtw;wpd; msTfis jkJ gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfj;jpy; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;sTk;

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


xt ;nthU re ; j u ; g ; gj ; j pYk ;

khztu;fs; kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd

msj;jy; cgfuzj;ij / topKiw-

iag ; gad ; gLj ;Jf p w h u ; fsh

vd;gijf; fz;lwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

,lu ; g ; gLf pd ; w khztUf ;F

cjtpfis toq;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;ePsj;ij msj;jy; njhlu;ghd gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;

(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)(myFkhw;wkpd;wp)


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


3 m + 2 m + 3 m + 2 m } 10 mghj;jpapd; ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk;

$l;b 2 My; ngUf;fpdhy; fapw;wpd;

ePsj;ijf; fhz KbAk;.

^3 m + 2 m & x 2 } 5 m x 2 } 10 m^,jw;Nfw;g ghj;jpiar; Rw;wpAs;s ePsk;

mjd; Rw;wsT MFk;.&

kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; cs;slq;fpa

ngUf;fy;> tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fs;

rpytw;iwr; nra;Kiwr; re;ju;g;gq;-

fshf Kd;itj ;J khztUld;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

xU ad;dypd; ePsk; 1m 12 cmMFk;. mt;thwhd 6 ad;dy;-

fSf ;Fj ; j piua pLtjw ;Fj ;

Njitahd Jzpapd; ePsj;ijf;

fhZq;fs;.

m cmxU ad;dYf;Fj;

Njitahd Jzp } 1 126 ad;dy;fSf;Fj;

Njitahd Jzp } « 66 72

mjd ; gb 6m 72m msthd Jzp

mtrpakhFk;.

gpd;tUkhwhd fzpjg; gapw;rpfis

nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghl;Lld; njhlu;G-

gLj;jp Kd;itAq;fs;.

(i) 18 m 36 cm ÷ 3(ii) 2 m 15cm « 5(iii) 12 m 40 cm ÷ 4


khztu;fisf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

FOf;fSf;F xg;gil ml;ilia

toq;Fq;fs;.

FOf;fspilNa fye;Jiuahb

xg;gil ml;ilapYs;s gpurpdq;-

fisj; jPu;f;fTk; mtw;iwg; gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfj;jpy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

FOf;fspilNa xg;gil ml;il-

fis khw;wpf;nfhz;L gpurpdq;-

fisj; jPu;g;gjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.


khztu ; FOr;nraw ;ghLfspy ;

<Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ FOf;fSf;Fr;

nrd;W> ,lu;g;gLk; khztu;fSf;Fj;

Njitahd cjtpfis toq;Fq;-

fs;.

ghlE}ypy; cs;s cupa gapw;rpfspy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ ngUf;fk;


³ vz; ml;il


vz; Nfhyq;fs; njhlu;ghf khztu;

ngw;Ws;s Kd;dwpit Nkk;gLj;J

tjw ; f hd r py t pdhf ; fis

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

2 > 4 > 6 > 8 vDk ; Nfhyj ;j py ;

mLj;JtUk; ,U vz;fSf;fpilNa

cs;s njhlu;G vd;d?

mj py ; mLj ;J tUk ; vz ;fs ;

rpytw;iwf; $WkhW $Wq;fs;.

2 ,d; ngUf;fkhf tUk; vz;Nfhy-

nkhd ;iw Kd ;itj ;J mj py ;

mLj;JtUk; vz;fSf;fpilNa cs;s

njhlu;G ahnjd tpdTq;fs;.

3 ,d; ngUf;fj;Jldhd vz;Nfhy-

nkhd;iwAk; khztUf;F Kd;-

itAq;fs;.

g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd vz ;Nfhy

nkhd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

1" 4" 16"

,JTk; Xu; vz;Nfhynkd;gijf; $wp>

,q;F 1 I 4 My; ngUf;Fk; NghJ

4 ck; 4 I 4 My; ngUf;Fk;NghJ

16 ck; tUk; vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

,jd;gb mLj;JtUk; vz; 16 x 4 = 64vd;gijf; $Wq;fs; . mjidAk;


1" 4" 16" 64

mLj;JtUk; vz;izf; $Wtjw;F


Kjy; Muk;g vz;iz khw;wp> 4 My;

ngUf ;Fk ; kw ;nwhU vz;Nfhy-

nkhd;iw> khztu; gq;fspg;Gld;

fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 3> 12> 48> 192

gpd;tUtd Nghd;w vz; Nfhyq;fs;

rpytw;iw khztu;fSf;F mwpKfg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 128" 32" 8" 21" 4" 1" 4" 1


khztiur ; r p w pa FOf ;f

shf;Fq;fs;.

xt ;nthU FOTf;Fk ; 4 ,d;

ngUf;fkhf mikAk; vz;Nfhy-

nkhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; tifapy;>

vz;Nfhyj;jpd; Muk;g vz;zhff;

nfhs;tjw;F Vw;w vz;fs; mlq;fpa

vz ;ml ;ilfs ; kw ;Wk ; vz ; -

Nfhyq;fis vOJtjw;Fj; jhs;fs;

vd;gtw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1 2 3 128 64 256

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: 4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;4 ,dJ ngUf ;fj ;Jldhd vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;



Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : 4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd4 ,dJk; 5 ,dJk; ngUf;fj;Jldhd

vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2vz;Nfhyq;fs; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

30 30 30 30 30

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


FOf;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l vz;

ml;ilfis vz;fs; njupahjthW

Nkirapy; ftpo;j;J itf;FkhW

$Wq;fs;.

Kjypy; xU khztid vz;

ml;ilnahd;iw vLj;J> mjpYs;s

vz;izf; fljhrpapy; vOJkhW

$Wq;fs;. kw;nwhU khztid>

mt;ntz;iz 4 My; ngUf;F-

tjhy; my;yJ tFg;gjhy; tUk;

vz;iz mjw;F mUfpy; vOJkhW

$Wq;fs;. ,JNghd;W FOtpYs;s

vy;yh khztu;fSk; Nru ;e ;J

vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t ;t pjkhf xt;nthU khz-

tDf ;Fk ; vz ;Nfhyj ;ijf ;

fl ;bnaOg ;Gtjw ;fhd Muk ;g

vz;iz vOJtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

f pilf ;Fk ; tifapy ; 4 ,d ;

ngUf ;fkhf mikAk ; vz ; -

Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw Mf;Ftjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


khztu; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;b-

Uf;ifapy; mtu;fs; xt;nthU

vz;izAk; rupahd Kiwapy; 4

My; ngUf;fpNah my;yJ tFj;Njh

,t ;ntz ;Nfhyj ;ijf ; fl ; b -

naOg ; Gf p w h u ; fsh vd ; gij

mtjhdpAq;fs;.

khztiug; gpd;tUk; Nfhyq;fis

mikg;gjpYk; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 2> 8> 2> 8> 2

4> 16> 4> 16

FOr;nraw;ghL epiwT ngw;w gpd;du;

mtu ;fs ; fl ;bnaOg ;g pa vz;

Nfhyq;fs; rpytw;iw tFg;gpy; Kd;-

itg;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.


³ ngUf;fk;


5My ; ngUf ;fk ; njhlu ; g hd

epidt+l;lYf;fhfr; rpy tpdhf;fis

tpdTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

Ie;J juk; ,uz;L vj;jid?

ehd;if Ie;jhy; ngUf;fpdhy;

tpil ahJ?

Ie;J juk; MW vj;jid?

nghJ tpj ;j pahrk ; 5 MfTs;s

vz;Nfhynkhd;iwf; fUk;gyifapy;

vOjp> mjpy; mLj;J mike;Js;s ,U

vz;fSf;fpilNa cs;s njhlu;G

ahnjd khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 1> 6> 11> 16

,jpy; ,U vz;fSf;fpilNa cs;s

t pj ;j pahrk ; 5 MFk ; vd ;gij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; vz; Nfhyj;ij vOjpf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

1> 5> 25

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:5 ,d ; ngUf ;fk5 ,d; ngUf ;fk5 ,d; ngUf ;fk5 ,d; ngUf ;fk5 ,d; ngUf ;fk ; nfhz ;l; nfhz ;l; nfhz ;l; nfhz ;l; nfhz ;l vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ; vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ; vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ; vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ; vz;Nfhyq ;fisf ;



fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,jpy; KjyhtJ vz;iz 5 My;

ngUf;Ftjhy; ,uz;lhk; vz;Zk;

,uz ;lhk ; vz ;iz 5 My ;

ngUf;Ftjhy; %d;whk; vz;Zk;

ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

mLj;JtUk; vz; ahnjd khztuplk;

Nfl;lwpAq;fs;. mijf; $Wtjw;Fr;


1> 5> 25> 125

,J 5 ,d; ngUf;fkhf mikAk;

vz;Nfhyk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

Muk;g vz;iz khw;wpf;nfhz;L>

NkYk ; r py vz ;Nfhyq ;fis

khztuJ gq ;fs pg ; Gld ; fl ;b -

naOg;Gq;fs;.

(,t;thW 5 ,d; ngUf;fkhf mikAk;

vz;Nfhyj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gk;NghJ

1> 2> 3> 4 Mfpa vz;fis kl;LNk

Muk;g vz;fshff; fUJq;fs;)

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd vz;Nfhyq;fisf;

fl;banaOg;Gk; tpjj;ij khztu;-

fSf;F tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: 375" 75" 15" 3

(,q ;F Muk ; g vz ; 5 My ;

tFf ;fg ; gl ; ljhy ; mLj ;j vz ;

ngwg;gl;lJ vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;)



FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd xg ; gil -

nahd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s vz;fis Muk;g

vz;fshff ; nfhz;L 5 ,d ;

ngUf;fk; nfhz;l vz;Nfhyj;ijf;

fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

1' 1> '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''2' 3> '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''3' 250> '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''4' 125> '''''''''''' '''''''''''' ''''''''''''


khztu;fs; xg;giliag; g+u;j;jp

nra;Ak; nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;


mtjhdpj;Jj;> Njitahd cjtp-

fis toq;Fq;fs;.

khztu; rupahd tpsf;fj;Jld;

ngUf;fy; Nfhyj;ijf; fl;banOg;G-

f pwhu ; fsh > vd ; gij NkYk ;

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfj; njhlu;e;Jk;

gapw;rpapy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


- &gha; 5 ehzaq;fs; 4 ,dJk;

&gha; 50 jhs;fhR 1 ,dJk;

nkhj;jg; ngWkjp vt;tsT?

- &gha; 500 jhs;fhrpypUe;J

&gha; 475 nfhLj;J tpisahl;Lf;

fhnuhd;iw thq;fpajd; gpd;du;

kPjp vt;tsT?

tpiyg;gl;baypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

nghUs;fspd ; tpiyfisr; r py

khztiu thr pg ; gjw ;F to pg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

xU khztid tpahghupahfTk;

FOtpYs;s ,d;ndhU khztd;

thq ;FNthdhfTk ; ebg ; gjw ;F

tFg ; g pd ; Kd ;dhy ; tUkhW

mioAq;fs;.

mtd; Gj ;jfnkhd;iwAk; e pwr ;

Rz ;zf ;fl ; bg ; ngl ; biaAk ; >

NgidiaAk; epwg;ngd;rpy;fisAk;

tpiyf;F thq;FkhW mtu;fis

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,tw;Wf;fhf tpahghupf;F &gha; 500

jhs;fhirj; jUtjhff;$wp vQ;rpa

gzj ;ijf ; fhz ;gjw ;F to pg ; -

gLj;Jq;fs;.

tpahghup fUk;gyifapy; ,t;thW

vOJtjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

&gha; 125.00

&gha; 90.00

&gha; 105.00

&gha; 95.00

&gha; 415.00

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;ehzaq;fs;> jhs;fhRfisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;

thq;fthq;fthq;fthq;fthq;fy;fspy;y;fspy;y;fspy;y;fspy;y;fspy; <LgLthu;. <LgLthu;. <LgLthu;. <LgLthu;. <LgLthu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : nfhLf ;fy ; thq ;nfhLf ;fy ; thq ;nfhLf ;fy ; thq ;nfhLf ;fy ; thq ;nfhLf ;fy ; thq ; fy ; fisfy ;fisfy ;fisfy ;fisfy ;fis ,yFthf ;f pf ; ,yFthf ;f pf ; ,yFthf ;f pf ; ,yFthf ;f pf ; ,yFthf ;f pf ;

nfhs;tjw;Fnfhs;tjw;Fnfhs;tjw;Fnfhs;tjw;Fnfhs;tjw;Fr;r;r;r;r; rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;. rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;. rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;. rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;. rpl;ilfisg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.

gzk; 2gzk; 2gzk; 2gzk; 2gzk; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

32 32 32 32 32


³ tpiyg;gl;bay;

³ &gha; ³ rjk;


³ tpiyg;gl;bay;

nghUs; tpiy

&gh rjk;

Gj;jfk; 125 00Ngid 105 00epwr; Rz;zf;fl;b ngl;b 90 00epwg; ngd;rpy; ngl;b 95 00

ge;J 62 50

fpupf;nfl; kl;il 108 00


gpd;tUk; kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis

tpdhTq;fs;.

- &gha ; 4 rjk ; 5 0 ,w ;F

nfha;ahg;gok; xd;W thq;F

tjw;Fj; Njitahd kpfr; rpwpa

ehzak; ahJ?

- &gha ; 1 0 jhs ;f hRfisf ;

nfhLj;J xd;W &gha; 4.00

tpiyAs;s mopwg ;gu ;fs ; 2

thq;fpajd; gpd;du; kPjp vt;tsT?

- &gha; 17 rjk; 50 ,w;Fg; Ngdh

xd;W thq;fp &gha; 20.00 If;

nfhLj;jhy; kPjp vt;tsT?

(tFg;gpy;

Vida

khztiuAk;

,izj;Jf;

nfhz;L

nghUl;fspd;

tpiyia

vOjpf;

$l;Ltu;.)

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


(njspthf trdk; vOjpf; fhl;Lq;fs;.)

tFg;gpYs;NshUld; fye;Jiuahb

gpd;tUkhW kPjpiaf; fhzyhk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.)

&gha; 415 + &gha; 5&gha; 420 + &gha; 10&gha; 430 + &gha; 20&gha; 450 + &gha; 50 = &gha; 500

kPjpg;gzk; &gha; 5 + &gha; 10 + &gha; 20 + &gha; 50 = &gha; 85.00

kPjpg; gzj;ijf; fhzf;$ba khw;W

topfisg; gw;wp tpdhTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1. &gha; 500 - &gha; 400 = &gha; 100 &gha; 100 - &gha; 15 = &gha; 85

2. &gha; 415 + &gha; 15 + &gha; 70 &gha; 415 + &gha; 35 + &gha; 50



jahupf;fg;gl;l tpiyg;gl;banyhd;W

tPjk; FOf;fSf;F toq;Fq;fs;.

KbAkha pd ; t piyg ; gl ; baiy

midtUk; ghu;f;Fk;gb fhl;rpg ;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

Gj;jfnkhd;W> Ngdhnthd;W> epwg;

ngd;rpy; ngl;bnahd;W> fpupf;fw;

kl ;ilnahd ;W Mf patw ;iw

tpiyf;F thq;Ftjw;F vt;tsT

gzk; Njit?

&gha ; 1000 nfhLj ;jhy ; k Pj pg ;

gzj ;ijf ; fhz ; gjw ;F to p g ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

,jw;F rpl;ilnahd;W jahupf;FkhW

khztiu mwpTWj;Jq;fs;. xt;nthU

FOTk; jahupj ;j rpl ;ilfisf;

fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;

gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fis khztUf;F

Kd ;itAq ;fs ; . khztu ; fis

jdpj;jdpahf tpiliaf; fhZkhW

$Wq;fs;.

,q ;F fhl ;lg ;gl ;Ls ;s tpiyg ; -

gl;baiyg; gad;gLj;jp>

1. ,uz;L

2. %d;W

nghUs;fSf;fhd rpl ;ilfisj;

jahupAq;fs;.

nkhj;j tpiyiaf; fhZq;fs;.

nkhj ;jg ; gzj ;j pw ;Ff ; f pl ; ba

jhs;fhirf; nfhLj;J kPjpg; gzj;ijf;

fhZkhW $Wq;fs;.


nkJthff; fw;NghUf;F tpiyfs; 100

,d;> 50 ,d; klq;Ffshf ,Uf;FkhW

jahu pj ;J ,yFthff ; $l ;lf ;

$bathW nghUs;fisj; njupT

nra;J> rpl;ilfs; jahupg ;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s tpiyg;gl;bay;

tpiyg;gl;bay;

1 kg rPdp &. 58.50

1 kg rptg;G gUg;G &.210.00

500g Njapiyj;J}s; &.196.50

1kg cUisf;fpoq;F &. 78.00

1 kg ghrpg;gaW &.180.00

100 kg kpsfha;j;J}s; &. 34.00

100g fliy &.165.00

1 igf;fw;W gg;glk; &. 22.00

1 upd; kPd; &.168.00

500g ntq;fhak; &. 37.50


g pd ;tUk ; t pjkhd kdf ;fzpj

tpdhf;fis tpdhTq;fs;.

- &gha; 10 If; nfhLj;J &gha; 7

2 5 rjj ; j p w ;F rhkhd ;fs ;

thq;fpajd; gpd;du; kPjp vt;tsT?

- &gha; 8 50 rjk; tpiyAs;s

nfha;ahg; gonkhd;iw thq;fp

&gha; 10 If; nfhLj;jhy; kPjp

vt;tsT?

- Ngdh xd;W &gha; 10.00 ck;

Gj;jfnkhd;W &gha; 15.00 ck;

MFk; vdpd;> ,uz;bdJk; tpiy

ahJ?

- &gha ; 2 0 I &gha ; 5

ehzaq ;fshf khw ; w pdhy ;

vj;jid ehzaq;fs; fpilf;Fk;?

- &gha; 50 Mtjw;F &gha; 42;

50 rjj;jpw;F ,d;Dk; vt;tsT

Njit?

- ,UgJ 50 rj ehzaq;fSf;F

rkdhd jhs;fhrpd; ngWkjp

ahJ?

tpiyg;gl;baiy tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

rpy khztuplk; njupTnra;ag;gl;l

nghUs;fspd; tpiyfisf; Nfl;l

wpAq;fs;.

e Pq ;fs ; tpiyiaf; $Wk;NghJ

mjw;Fupa nghUisf; $WkhW rpy

khztuplk; $Wq;fs;.

rpl;ilnahd;W jahupf;fg; Nghtjhff;

$w p > g pd ;tUk ; nghUs ;fs pd ;

gl;baiyf; fUk;gyifapy; vOjpf;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

1kg ghrpg;gaW - ..........

250g kpsfha;j;J}s; - ..........

500g cUisf; fpow;F - .........

100g rpd;d ntq;fhak; - ..........

100g Njapiyj;J}s; - ..........

tFg ; g py ; cs ;s khztUld ;

fye;Jiuahb tpiyfis vOJq;fs;.

r py nghUs ;fs pd ; t piyia

mDkhdpj;Jf; $WkhW $Wq;fs;.

mtw ; w pd ; t piyfisf ; fUk ;

gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

gpd;du; mtw;wpd; $l;Lj;njhifia

khztuplk; ,Ue;J ngWq;fs;.

mDkhd pj ; j njhifiaAk ;

cz;ikj; njhifiaAk; xg;gpLq;fs;.



xt ;nthU FOtpw ;Fk ; t piyg ; -

gl;banyhd;W tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

1kg cUisf; fpoq;F

1 upd; kPd;

2 igf;fw;Wfs; gg;glk;

250g rpd;d ntq;fhak;

250g ghrpg;gaW

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: ,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd,yFthd nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;fhd

rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.rpl;iliaj; jahupg;ghu;.

ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk;ghlk; 2>32>32>32>32>3

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


nkhj;jg; gzj;ijAk; Kjypy;

mDkhdpj;Jf; nfhz;L> gpd;du;

fzpj;Jg; ghu;f;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

gzj ;ijr ; nrYj ;jf ;$ba r py

topKiwfis vOJkhW $Wq;fs;.

nkhj;jg ; gzj;ij mDkhdpj ;j

tpjj;ijAk; nrYj;jf;$ba Kiw-

fisAk; tptupg;gjw;F khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

nkhj;jg; gzj;jpw;Ff; fpl;ba $ba

jhs ;fhirf ; nfhLj ;J vQ ;r pa

gzj;ijg; ngwf;$ba Kiwfisf;

fye;JiuahLtjpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.


ePq;fs; jahupj;j tpiyg;gl;baiy

Kd;itj;J mjpypUe;J 5 nghUs;fs;

kl ;Lk ; cs ;s gl ;baYf ;fhfr ;

r pl ;ilnahd;iwj; jahupg ;gjw ;F

khztiu to p g ; gLj ;Jq ;fs ; .

tpiyiaf; fhZk;NghJ tFj;jYk;

ngUf;fYk; cs;slq;FkhW nghUs;-

fisj; njupTnra;Aq;fs;.

mg;gzj;njhifia mspf;ff;$ba

Kiwfs; gw;wpf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.


nkJthff; fw;NghUf;F &gha;fspy;

kl;Lk; (rj msTfs; ,y;yhjthW)

r pl ;il jahu p g ; gjw ;F xOq ;F

nra ;Aq ;fs ; . 3 nghUs ;fSf ;F

kl;Lg;gLj;jpf;; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Ntfkhff; fw;NghUf;F 25 rjKk;

cs;slq;fpa fzf;Ffis toq;F-

q;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ g+r;rpak;> jrk; xd;W> ,uz;L......

xd;gJ


³ 10 rk gq;Ffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;l

fljhrpf; fPyk;

³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; 1 ,ypUe;J

9 tiu vz;fs; vOjg;gl;l vz;

ml;ilj; njhFjpfs;

³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; XusT

ngupa fljhrp (A3 msT)


fljhrpf; fPyj;ij khztUf;Ff;

fhl;Lq;fs;. mjd; eLtpy; ,uz;lhf

kbAq;fs;. mjd; xU gFjp KOtjpd;

vd;d gq;F vd;gij tpdTq;fs;. mJ

MFk; vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

kw ;nwhU fljhr pf ; f Pyj ;ijf ;

fhz ;g pj ;J mijr ; rkkhd 10

gq;Ffshf kbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

,g;NghJ gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;s gq;Ffspd;

vz;zpf ;ifiaf ; fzf ;f pLkhW

$Wq;fs;.

mjpy; 10 gq;Ffs; cs;sd vDk;

tpiliag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

xU gq;if epwe; jPl;b> mg;gFjp

KOtjpd; vd;d gq;F vd;gij

Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

khztu; tpil $wpaJk; mJ

vd;W fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; thf;fpaq;fis Kd;itj;J

khztiu t pilas pg ; gjw ;F

topg;gLj;jpj; 'jrkj;ij" mwpKfQ;

nra;Aq;fs;.

f Pyj ; j py ; fhzg ; gLk ; rkkhd

gq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if...........

epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gq;fpd; vz;zpf;if

..................

e p we ; j P l ; l g ; gl ; l gq ;Ffs ;

KOg;gq;Ffspd; ........ MFk;

mJ 'jrk; xd;W" vd miof;fg;Lk;

vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;.

epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gq;F KOg;gq;Ffspd;;

vz;zpf;ifapy; jrk; xd;W vd;gij

njspTgLj;Jq;fs;.

mjid 0.1 vd vOj Ntz;Lk;

vd;gijf; $Wq;fs;. mjpYs;s Gs;sp

jrkGs;sp vd;W miof;fg;gLk;.

,jid 'g+r;rpak; jrk; xd;W" vd;W

$w Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpsf;fp>

khztiuAk ; mt ;thNw $wr ; -

nra;Aq;fs;.

,d;Dk; gy fljhrpf; fPyq;fisf;

nfhz;L> g+r;rpak; jrk; ,uz;L (0.2)

Kjy; g+r;rpak; jrk; xd;gJ (0.9) tiu

NkNy $wg ;gl ;lthW mwpKfQ;

nra;Aq;fs;.


tFg;igf; FOf;fshf;fp> xt;nthU

FOtpYs;s khztuJ vz;zpf;-

iff;Fk; rkdhd mstpy; gj;jhf

kbf ;fg ;gl ;l fljhr pf ; f Pyk ; >

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>gj;jpd; gq;Ffshfj; jrkj;ij ,dq;fz;L thrpg;ghu;>

vOJthu ; .vOJthu ; .vOJthu ; .vOJthu ; .vOJthu ; .


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : gj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;Lgj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;Lgj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;Lgj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;Lgj ;j pd ; gq ;Ffshfj ; jrkj ;ij ,dq;fz;L


jrkk;jrkk;jrkk;jrkk;jrkk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

33 33 33 33 33

1

10

1

2

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


1 ,ypUe;J 9 tiu vOjg;gl;l vz;

ml;ilfs; njhFjp> XusT ngupa

fljhrp vd;gtw;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

xU khztd; vz; ml;ilia

vLj;J> me;j ml;ilapYs;s

vz;zpf;iff;Fr; rkdhd gq;F

fis fljhrpf; fPyj;jpy; epwe;

jPl;LkhW $Wq;fs;.

mf;fljhrpf; fPyj;ijg; ngupa

jhspy; xl;b> mjpy; fhl;lg;gLs;s

jrk vz;zpf;ifia vOjTk;

thrpf;fTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

0'4 - g+r;rpak; jrk; ehd;F

Nkw;$wg;gl;Ls;sthW FOTf;Ff;

f pilj ;j vy ;yhf ; fljhr pf ; -

fPyq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jpj; jrk

vz;fisf; fzf;fpl;L mjidg;

ngupa fljhrpapy; vOJtjw;F

xOq;Fnra;Aq;fs;.

FOr;nraw;ghLfs; epiwTngw;wJk;

xt;nthU FOTk; vOjpa jrk

vz;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itg;gjw;F



g pd ;tUkhwhd ga pw ; r p fs py ;


1' rJuf;Nfhbl;l jhs; xd;wpy;

mUfUNf gj ;Jf ;fl ;lq ;fs ;

cs ;sthW f Pynkhd ;iw

tiue;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.

3 fl ; lq ;fis e pwe ; j P l ; b >

epwe;j Pl ;ba gFjpfis jrk

vz;zpy; vOJq;fs;.

2' NkYk ; 1 0 fl ; lq ; fis

milahskpl;Lf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

8 fl;lq;fis epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;.

epwe;jPl;ba gq;Ffis jrk

vz;zpy; vOJq;fs;.

3' NkYk ; 1 0 fl ; lq ; fis

vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjpy;> 71 0

I epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;. epwe;jPl;ba

gq ;Ffis jrk vz ;z py ;

vOJq;fs;.

4' 1 0 fl ; lq ; fis vLq ;fs ; .

mtw;wpy; 0.9 fl;lq;fSf;F

epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;.

cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;cjtpAk; Nkyjpf gzpAk;

,J njhlu ; g hff ; Fiwthd

tpsf ;fk ; cs;s khztu ;fs ;

,Ug ; g pd ; ,r ; nraw ; g hl ;il

gyjlitfs ; Kd ;itj ;Jg ;

gapw;rpfspy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.


³ FOf;fSf;F xd;Wld; xd;W

,izf ;ff ;$ba ,uz ;L

epwq;fspyhd 20 nrd;up fpa+g;fs;

my ;yJ 2cm x 2cm x 2cmmsTs;s rJuKfp tbtq;fs;

(xU epwj;jpy; 10 fdf;Fw;wpfs;)


ghlj;ij Muk;gpf;F Kd;du; gpd;tUk;

tpjkhd kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fis

Kd ;itj ;J khztiu t pil


jrk vz; vd;wthW $Wq;fs;.

0.3 gj;jpd; vd;d gq;F?

,U e pwq ;fisf ; nfhz;l 20

fdf;Fw;wpfis tFg;gpy; Kd;itAq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;KOikapd; gj;jpd; xU gq;F> jrk vz;zhFk;

vdf; $Wthu;.vdf; $Wthu;.vdf; $Wthu;.vdf; $Wthu;.vdf; $Wthu;.


1cm

1cm

1cm

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


xU khztid mioj;J vOkhw;whf

10 fdf ;Fw ;w pfis vLf ;FkhW

$Wq;fs;.

xNu epwKila fdf;Fw;w pfis

mUfUNf mikAkhW 10 rJuf;Fw;wp

-fisAk; nghUj;jp ePz;l fPynkhd;iw

cUthf;Fq;fs;.

cUthf;fpa fPyj;ijg; gw;wp

ciuahLq;fs;.

fdf ;Fw ; w p fs pd ; nkhj ; j

vz;zpf;if> xU epwj;jpy cs;s

fdf;Fw;wpfspd; vz;zpf;if>

kw ; nwhU e pwj ; j py ; cs ;s

fdf;Fw;wpfspd; vz;zpf;iffs;

Nghd;wtw;iw khztu;fsplk;

Nfl;lwpe;J> ,t;thwhd tpil

fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

gj;J fdf;Fw;wpfs; nfhz;l

tupirapy; 4 rptg;G epwkhdit.

6 kQ;rs; epwkhdit.

,tw ;iwf ; fUk ; gyifa py ;

tiue;J Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

rptg;G epwk;

KO tupirapd; 0.4 rptg;G epwk;

kQ;rs; epwk;

KO tupirapd; 0.6 kQ;rs; epwk;

kPz;Lk; fdf;Fw;wpfisf; fiyj;J-

tpl;L> vOkhw;whf 10 fdf;Fw;wpfis

vLj;J Nkw;$wg;gl;l nraw;ghLfis

kPz;Lk; nra;tpAq;fs;.

0.2> 0.3 xOq;fpy; 0.9 tiu fdf;Fw;wp-

fis nghUj;jpf; fhz;gpj;J> xNu epwf;

fdf;Fw;wpfs; 10 I KOg;gq;Ffs;

vdTk; 0.1 gj;Jg; gq;Ffshy; ,Ue;J

Mf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

fdf; Fw;wp; ,y;iynadpy; 2cm x 2cmmsTs ;s rJuf ; fljhr pfis

fPynkhd;whf mikj;Jf;nfhs;tjd;

%yk; NkNy cs;s nraw;ghLfisr;

nra;tjw;F khztu;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

1234567123456712345671234567

1234123412341234

1234123412341234


khztu; FOf;fSf;F ,U epwq;fs;

nfhz;l fdf;Fw;wpfs; 20 (xU

epwj;jpy; 10) toq;Fq;fs;.

xU khztDf;F ,uz;L epwq;fs;

fpilf;Fk; tpjkhf fdf;Fw;wpfs;

10 Ij; njupe;Jnfhz;L fPyq;fis

cUthf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

mj py ; fhl ; lg ; gLk ; jrk

vz ;zpf ;ifia thr pf ;FkhW

$Wq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fdf;Fw;wpfs; 3 rptg;G epwKk; 7

kQ;rs; epwKk; nfhz;bUg;gpd;

rptg;G epwg;gq;Ffs; KOtjpd; ......

0.3 MFk;.

kQ;rs; epwg;gq;Ffs; KOtjpd;.......

0.7 MFk;.

,e ; j t pjkhf FOt pYs ;s

rfyUf;Fk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilf;Fk;

tiuapy; ,r;nraw;ghl;by; khztiu

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

rJuf ;fl ;il f pilf ;fhjNghJ

2cmx2cm ,U epwq;fisf; nfhz;l

fl ; lq ; fisg ; gad ; gLj ; j p r ;

nraw;ghl;by; <LgLj;Jq;fs;.


gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gapw;rpfspy;

khztiu <Lglr;nra;Aq;fs;.

1' epwe;jPl;lg;gl;l gq;Ffis jrk

vz;zpy; vOJq;fs;.

2' fl;lj;jpy; 0.7 I epwe;jPl;Lq;fs;.

epwe;jPl;ba gq;F KOtjpd; ....g+r;rpak;

jrk; .........

epwe;jPl;ba gq;F KOtjpd; ......... g+r;rpak;

jrk; .....

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ FOr;nraw;ghLfSf;fhf> $l;ly;>

fopj;jy; fzf;Ffs; (5tiu)

mlq;fpa xg;gil ml;il.

³ Ntfkhfr; nraw;ghl;il Kbf;Fk;

FOf;fSf;fhfg; gpurpdq;fs;

vOjg;gl;l ml;il.


fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fisg; gad;gLj;jp

msj;jy; njhlu;ghd rpy kdf;fzpj

tpdhf;fis tpdtpathW ghlj;ij

Muk;gpAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

xU fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid fpuhk;fs;

cs;sd?

xU fpNyhfpuhkpy; vj;jid 250

fpuhk;fs; cs;sd?

750 fpuhk;fSld; 500 fpuhk;fisf;

$l;bdhy; vt;tsT?

1kg 250 g ,y; 500 g I fopj;jhy; kPjpvt;tsT?

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfis

Kd;itj;Jf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

,uz;L g+rzpf;fha;fs; cs;sd.

xd;wpd; epiw 3kg 430g MFk;. kw;iwa

g+rzpapd; epiw 1kg 825 g MFk;.

,uz;L g+rzpf;fha;fspdJk; nkhj;j

epiwiaf; fhz;gjw;F vd;d nra;a

Ntz;Lk;?

vd;gij khztuplk; tpdTq;fs;.

mtu ;fs ; ,uz;L fha ;fspdJk ;

epiwiaf; $l;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W gjpy;

$Wthu;fs;.

mjd;gb>

kg gKjy; g+rzpapd; epiw } 3 430,uz;lhtJ g+rzpapd;

epiw } +1 825,uz;bdJk; epiw } 5 255

mjd;gb ,uz;L fha;fspdJk; epiw

5kg 255g vd;gij tpsf;fp mjid

vOjpf;fhl;Lq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

muprp %ilapy; 27 kg 650g muprp

,Ue;jJ. mjpy; muprp 14 kg 750gtpw;w gpd;> kPjKs;s muprpapd; epiw

vd;d?

,g;gpurpdj;ij tFg;gpy; Kd;itj;J

tpiliaf; fhz Ntz;ba topKiw

vd;dntd;gij khztuplk; tpd

Tq;fs;.

mjd;gb> kg gKjypy; ,Ue;j

muprpapd; msT } 27 650tpw;w muprpapd; msT } - 14 750kPjKs;s muprpapd;

msT } 12 900

,t;thW rpy gpurpdq;fis Kd;itj;J

mjw;fhd tpiliaf; fhz;gjw;F

vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf;

$Wtjw;F khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; myFfspy; nfhz;L nry;yy;>

nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;nfhz;L tUjy; re;ju ;g ;gq;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;

my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.my;yJ fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : fpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpafpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpafpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpafpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpafpuhk;> fpNyhfpuhk; myF cs;slq;fpa

vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd gpurpdq;fis jPu;g;ghu;.

epiw 2epiw 2epiw 2epiw 2epiw 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

34 34 34 34 34

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J




xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; xg;gil

ml;ilfis toq;Fq;fs;.

mg;gpurpdq;fisj; jkJ gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfj;jpy; vOjpj; jPu;g;gjw;Fk;

Njitahd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; FOf;f

spilNa fye;Jiuahb> fUj;Jf;

fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;

khztu ;fSf ;Fr ; re ;ju ; g ; gk ;

toq;Fq;fs;.


³ FO Ntiyf;fhfg; ngUf;fy;

gpurpdq;fs; mlq;fpa ml;ilfs;.


ngUf;fy; njhlu;ghd Kd;dwpit

kPl;lYf;fhf> kdf;fzpj tpdhf;fs;

rpytw;iw tpdTq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

epiunahd;wpy; 75 fjpiufs;

cs;sd. mt;thwhd 2 epiufspy;

cs;s fjpiufs; vj;jid?

ignahd;wpy; 11 khk;goq;fs;

cs;sd. mt;thwhd 9 igfspy;

cs;s khk;goq;fs; vj;jid?

fpoq;F %ilnahd;wpd; epiw 70

fpNyhfpuhk; MFk;. mt;thwhd

7 fpoq;F %ilfspd; epiw ahJ?

nghjpnahd;wpd; epiw 750 fpuhk;

MFk;. mt;thwhd 2 nghjpfspd;

epiw ahJ?

fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk; nfhz;l> nfhz;L

nry;yy; ,y;yhj ,yFthd ngUf;fy;

gpurpdq;fis khztUf;F Kd;itj;J

Ntfkhf Ntiyia e piwT

nra ;Ak ; FOf ;fs ; ,Ug ;g pd ; >

mtu;fSf;nfd jahupf ;fg ;gl ;l

xg ; gil ml ;ilia toq ;f p >

mjpYs;s gpurpdq;fis vOjpj;



khztu; FOf;fshfg; gpurpdk;

jPu;f;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; vy;yhf;


topfhl;liy toq;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; f pNyhf puhk ; > f puhk ; myF myF myF myF myF mlq ;f pamlq ;f pamlq ;f pamlq ;f pamlq ;f pa nfhz ;L nfhz ;L nfhz ;L nfhz ;L nfhz ;L

nry;yy; ,y;yhjnry;yy; ,y;yhjnry;yy; ,y;yhjnry;yy; ,y;yhjnry;yy; ,y;yhj ngUf;fy;ngUf;fy;ngUf;fy;ngUf;fy;ngUf;fy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;. gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.


mtw ;iwj ; j P u ; f ;Fk ; t pjj ;ij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

nghjpnahd;wpd; epiw 20 fpNyhfpuhk;

200 fpuhk; MFk;. mt;thwhd 3

nghjpfspd; epiw vt;tsT?

fPNo fhl;lg ;gl ;Ls;s Kiwfis

khztu plk ; ,Ue ;J nts pf ;

nfhzUq;fs;.

Kiw 1

($l;ly; %yk;)

20 kg 200 g20 kg 200 g20 kg 200 g60 kg 600 g

Kiw 2 (myFfSld; ngUf;fy;)

20kg 200gx3

60kg 600g

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Kiw 3Kiw 3Kiw 3Kiw 3Kiw 3

(myFfspd; epuy;fspy; ngUf;fy;)

kg g20 200

x 3 60 600

trdk; vOjpf; fzf;ifr; nra;J tpil

fhz ;gjw ;F khztiu to p g ;

gLj ;Jq ;fs ; . mjw ; Nfw ; wthW

khztUld; fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;

gyifapy; vOjpg ; gpurpdj;ijj;

jPu;j;Jf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

nghjpnahd;wpd; epiw

} 20kg 200gnghjpfspd;

vz;zpf;if } 33 nghjpfspd;

epiw } 20kg 200g x 3} 60kg 600g


³ FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; gpd;tUk;

tpjkhd rpy ml;ilj; njhFjp

fs;.

÷ 2 '''''''''''''''' 12kg 600g ÷ 3 ''''''''''''''''

÷ 4 ''''''''''''''''

÷ 2 '''''''''''''''' 40kg 800g ÷ 4 ''''''''''''''''

÷ 5 ''''''''''''''''



Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW nfhz;L

nry;yypd;wp fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;

myFfs; cs;slq;fpa 5 gpurpd-

q;fs; tPjk; cs;s 5 ml;ilfis

xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; xt;nthd;W

tPjk; toq;Fq;fs;.

ml;ilfspy; cs;s fzf;Ffis

trdk; vOjpg; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy;

nra;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


khw;wpf; nfhz;L NkYk; fzf;F-

fisr ; nra ;tjw ;F cw;rhfg ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.


,t;thwhf 3 vOj;J tbtpyhd

g p u r pdq ;fis Kd ;itj ;J

nghUj;jkhdthW trdk; vOjpj;


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: f p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f paf p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f paf p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f paf p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f paf p Nyhf p u hk ; > f p u hk ; myFfs ; cs ;slq ; f pa

vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.vspikahd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.


÷ 2 '''''''''''''''' 15kg 450g

÷ 5 ''''''''''''''''

÷ 2 ''''''''''''''''÷ 3 ''''''''''''''''

60kg 540g÷ 4 ''''''''''''''''÷ 5 ''''''''''''''''


Kd;dwpT njhlu;ghf kdf;fzpj

tpdhf;fs; rpytw;iw tpdhTq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


<upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj kPjpapd;wp

2 My;> 3 My;> 5 My; tFf;ff;$ba

vz;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fzf;Ffis

Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

16 I ,uz;lhy; tFj;jhy; tpil

ahJ?

48 khk;goq;fis ,UtupilNa

rkdhfg; gfpu;e;jhy; xUtUf;F

vj;jid khk;goq;fs; fpilf;Fk;?

25 fpNyhfpuhk; muprp ItupilNa

rkdhfg; gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl;lhy;>

xUtUf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; msT

vt;tsT?

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd gpurpdnkhd;iw

khztUld; fye;Jiuahbf; fUk;-

gyifapy; vOjpj; jPu;j;Jf; fhl;Lq;fs;.

12 fpNyhfpuhk; 200 fpuhk; epiwAs;s

G+rzpf;fha; xd;W ,U kdpjupilNa

rkdhfg; gfpug;gl;lhy; xUtUf;Ff;

fpilf;Fk; msT ahJ?

G+rzpf;fhapd; epiw } 12 kg 200 gkdpju;fspd;

vz;zpf;if } 2xUtUf;Ff; fpilf;Fk;

msT } 12 kg 200 g ÷ 2

6kg 100g 2 12kg 200g my;yJ 2 12kg 200g

12kg 6kg 100g0 200g 200g

0

xUtUf;Ff;

fpilf;Fk; msT } 6 kg 100 g

,t;thwhf ,d;DnkhU gpurpdj;ij

Kd;itj;J fUk;gyifapy; vOjpj;

jPu;g;gjw;F khztiu topg;gLj;Jqfs;.

Njitahd ,lj;jpy; MNyhrid

toq;fp tpsf;Fq;fs;.


khztiu 4 FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

jahupj;Jf; nfhz;l ml;ilfis

4 FOf;fSf;Fk; gfpu;e;jspAq;fs;.

mtw;wpy; cs;s gpurpdq;fisg;

gapw;rpg; Gj;jfq;fspy; gpujpnra;J

nfhz ;L j P u ; g ; gjw ;F to p g ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.

FOf;fspilNa ml;ilfis khw;wp

khw;wp toq;fp> vy;yhg; gpurpdq;

fisAk ; j P u ; g ; gjw ;F to p g ;

gLj;Jq;fs;.


khztu; FOf;fshf Ntiy nra;J

nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ mtu;fs;

gpurpdq;fis rupahfj; jPu;f;fpd;-

wduh vd mtjhdpj;Jj; Njit

ahd NghJ cjtp nra;Aq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ Neu ml;ltiz> tiuG


³ gy ; NtWt pjkhd Ntiyj ;

jpl;lq;fSf;fhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;l

Neu ml;ltiz

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

tpisahl;Lg;Nghl;b>

Gifapujg; gazk;>

NgUe;Jg; gazk;>

guprspg;G tpoh


tFg;gpy; fw;gpf;Fk; ghlq;fs;> Neuk;

mlq;fpa tFg;G Neu#rpia khztu;

midtUf ;Fk ; ed ;F nju paf ;

$bathW ngupa mstpy; jahupj;Jf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

(tFg;G Neu ml;ltiz ,y;yh-

tpl;lhy; juk; 6 khztu;fSila Neu

ml;ltiziag; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;)

mj py ; mlq ;f pAs ;s jfty ;fs ;

njhlu;ghf khztUld; fye;Jiu-

ahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

ghlrhiy Muk ;gkhFk ; Neuk ; >

xt;nthU ghlj;Jf;Fk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s

Neuk;.

Neu ml;ltiz gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

Vida re;ju;g;gq;fs;> ,lq;fs; gw;wp

khztu;fsplk; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

Gifapuj epiyaj;jpy; ghtidapy;

cs;s Gifapuj Neu ml;ltiz>

guprspg;G tpoh epfo;r;rp epuy;.

Nkw;$wg;gl;l re;ju;g;gq;fspy; gad;

gLj;jg;gLk; Neu ml;ltiz xd;iw

khztu;fSf;Ff; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

(Neu ml;ltizapy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l

tpguq;fs; midtUf;Fk; njupaf;

$bathW jahu p j ;Jf ; nfhs ;s

Ntz;Lk;.)

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

ghlrhiy tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bf;fhd

epfo;r;rp epuy;

jpfjp : .................

gp.g. 1'00 - gp.g. 1'15 - mjpjpfis

tuNtw;wYk;

tpisahl;Lg;Nghl;b

Muk;gKk;

gp.g. 1'15 - gp.g. 3'15 - tpisahl;Lg;

Nghl;bfs;

gp.g. 3'15 - gp.g. 3'45- clw;gapw;rpf; fz;fhl;rp

gp.g. 3'45 - gp.g. 4'15 - kupahij mzptFg;G

gp.g. 4'15 - gp.g. 4'25 - tpNrl mjpjpapd; ciu

gp.g. 4'25 - gp.g. 5'00 - gupR toq;Fjy;

gp.g. 5'00 - gp.g. 5'05 - ed;wpAiuAk;

tpoh epiwTk;

tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;b eilngWk; jpfjp>

xt;nthU nraw;ghLfSk; Muk;gkhFk;

Neuk;> KbtilAk; Neuk;> xt;nthU

re;ju;g;gq;fSf;Fk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;s

Neuk; Nghd;w tpguq;fs; cs;slq;Fk;

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.Neu ml;ltizapy; fhZk; jfty;fis thrpg;ghu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;Neu ml ; ltiza py ; my ;yJ tiug py ;

tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpf;fg;gl;l juTfis thrpg;ghu;.

juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2juTfisf; ifahSjy; 2 thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

35 35 35 35 35

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


tpjkhf mike;Js;s Nkw;$wg;gl;l

Neu ml;ltizapy; fhzg;gLk;

jfty;fisg; gw;wp khztu;fSld;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

Nkw ;$wg ; gl ; lthW kw ;WnkhU

vLj;Jf;fhl;L my;yJ khjpupfis

khztu;fs; thrpg;gjd; %ykhf> Neu

ml ; ltiz gw ; w pa Nghj pa

tpsf;fj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F



khztu ;fis FOf ;fshf ;f p >

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l

tsq ;fs py ; cs ;sthW Neu

ml;ltiznahd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

FOtpYs;s midtUk; ,ize;J

mjpy; jug;gl;Ls;s jfty;fis

thrpg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

Neu ml;ltizapYs;s jfty;fis

cs;slf ;f p r py trdq;fis

mtu;fsJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy;

vOjpf;nfhs;s topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fz;b nry;Yk; Giftz;b Gwg;gLk;

Neuk; K.g 6'00guprspg;G tpoh KbtilAk;

Neuk; gp.g 5'00

FOf;fspilNa Neu ml;ltizia

khw ;w pf ; nfhz;L thrpg ;gjw ;Fr ;



xt ;nthU FOTf;Fk ; nrd ;W

khztu; Neu ml;ltiziar;

rupahf thrpf;fpwhu;fsh vd;gij

tpdhf;fs; tpdtp cWjpg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.


tpiuthfr; nraw;ghLfis epiwT

nra;Ak; khztu;fis ghlrhiyapy;

eilngw;w my;yJ eilngwTs;s

xU tpoh njhlu;ghd jfty;fs;

mlq ;f pa Neu ml ; ltiz-

nahd;iwj; jahupg;gjpy; <Lglr;

nra;Aq;fs;.


³ FOr; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhfg; gpd;tUk;

ml;ltiz> tiuG.

fhyp

nfhOk;G 115

fz;b 115 230

aho;g;ghzk; 318 394 509

mk;.Njhl;il 542 243 237 122

k.fsg;G 259 376 186 286 397

Gj;jsk; 269 328 267 128 131 245

³ gpujhd efuq;fs; Fwpf;fg;gl;l

,yq;ifj; Njrg;glk; xd;W.


ghlrhiyf ;F mUfhikapYs;s

efuj;jpy; ,Ue;J mLj;j efuj;jpw;F

cs;s J}uj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.tiff;Fwpj;j juTfis thrpg;ghu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


me ; efuj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J mjw ;F

mz;ikapy; cs;s efuj;jpw;F cs;s

J}uj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

KjyhtJ efuj ; j py ; ,Ue ;J

%d ;whtJ efuj ; j p w ;F cs ;s

J}uj;ijf; fz;Lgpbf;Fk; tpjj;ij


NkNy cs ;s ml ; ltiza py ;

Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s efuq;fs; mike;Js;s

,lq;fis Njrg ;glj ;j py ; Rl ;bf ;

fhl;Lq;fs;.

gy ; NtW efuq ;fSf ;f pilNa

cs;sJ}uk; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s NkNy

cs;s ml;ltizia Kd;itAq;fs;.

efuq ; fSf ;F ,ilNa cs ;s

J}uq;fs; fpNyhkPw ;wupy; fhl;lg;-

gl;Ls;sd vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

,t;tl;ltiziag; gad;gLj;jp ,U

efuq ;fSf ;F ,ilNa cs ;s

J}uq ;fisf ; fhZk ; t pjj ;ij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

ngau; Fwpf;fg;gLk; ,U efuq;fSf;F

,ilNa cs;s J}uj;ijf; fhZkhW

khztnuhUtUf ;Ff ; $Wq;fs ; .

rupahf epiu> epuy; topNa tpuiyf;

nfhz;L nrd;W J}uj;ijf; fhZk;

tpjj ;ij tFg;g py ; cs;s kw;w

khztUf;Ff; fhl;LkhW mtUf;Ff;

$Wq;fs;.

r py khztu ;fSf ;F mjw ;fhd

re;ju;g;gj;ij toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ,Ue;J nfhOk;gpw;F

cs;s J}uk; ^286 km&Gj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J fz;bf;F cs;s

J}uk; 128 km&

gpd;tUtd Nghd;w gpurpdnkhd;iw

Kd;itj;Jj ; j Pu ;f ;Fk ; tpjj ;ij

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

xUtu ; kl ;lf ;fsg ; g py ; ,Ue ;J

fz;bf;Fr; nrd;W> fz;bapy; ,Ue;J

fhypf;Fr; nrd;why; gazQ; nra;j

nkhj;jj; J}uk; vt;tsT?

kl;lf;fsg;G fz;b fhyp

186 km 230 kmvdNt gazQ; nra;j

J}uk; } 186 km +230 km} 416 km


tFg ;g py ; cs;s khztiuf ;

FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; Nkw;Fwpj;j

ml;ltizapd; gpujpnahd;W tPjk;

toq ;Fq ;fs ; . ml ;ltizia

thrpj;J gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F

t pilas pg ; gjw ;F khztiu

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

i& nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J fhypf;F cs;s

J}uk; ahJ? ^115km&

ii& mk ;ghe ;Njhl ;ila py ; ,Ue ;J

nfhOk;gpw;F cs;s J}uk; ahJ?

^237 km&

iii& 186km J}uk ; fhl ;lg ; gLtJ

ve;efuq;fSf;F ,ilapyhFk;?

iv& 237 km J}uk ; fhl ;lg ;gLtJ

ve;efuq;fSf;F ,ilapyhFk;?

v& aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,Ue;J Gj;jsj;

j pw ;Fk ; > Gj ;jsj ;j py ; ,Ue ;J

nfhOk;gpw;Fk; gazQ; nra;Ak;

xUtu; gazQ; nra;a Ntz;ba

nkhj;jj; J}uj;ijf; fhZq;fs;.


NkYs ;s ml ;ltiz %yk ;

khztu; jdpj;jdpahfr; nra;tjw;F

ga pw ;r pnahd ;W toq ;Fq ;fs ; .

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

i& Gj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J fhypf;F cs;s

J}uk; ahJ?

ii& 122km J}uk; vt;tpU efuq;fSf;F

,ilNa fhl;lg;gLfpwJ?


tpiuthfr; nra;JKbf;Fk; khz

tu;fis NkNy $wg;gl;l tpjkhd

ml;ltiznahd;iwj; jahupg;gjpy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


ghlk; 3>4>5ghlk; 3>4>5ghlk; 3>4>5ghlk; 3>4>5ghlk; 3>4>5

Gifapuj Neu ml;ltiz> NgUe;J

Neu ml;ltiz> NtW juTfisf;

fhl;Lk; ml;ltizapy; jfty;fis

thr p g ; gjw ;F khztu ; fSf ;F

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;. ,t;thW

ml;ltiziaAk; Neu ml;ltiz-

iaAk; thrpg;gjpy; khztu;fsJ

jpwid tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;F

cjtp toq;Fq;fs;.

ghlE}ypy ; cs;s gapw ;r pfis

cupathW gad;gLj;jp> khztu;fs;

juTfisf; ifahSk; jpwidr;

rupahd Kiwapy; ngw;Ws;sduh

vd;gijf; fzpg;gPL nra;Aq;fs;.

Nkyj pf cjt p Njitg ; gLk ;

khztu;fSf;F ,yFthd ml;ltiz

kw;Wk; mJ njhlu;ghd tpdhf;fs;

tpdTjy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfspy;

cjtp toq;Fq;fs;.

jfty;fisj; jpul;LjYk; juTfisf;

ifahSjYk; md;whl tho;tpy; mjpf

gad;juf;$ba jpwd;fshFk;.

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ fpilg;glk;


³ KO tFg;G mwpKfj;jpw;fhf

fpl;lj;jl;l 30 cm ePsKk; 20cm

mfyKk; nfhz;l ngl;bnahd;W.

³ 4 0 x3 0 fl ; lq ; fs ; cs ;s

rJuf;Nfhl;Lj; jhs;

³ FOr; nraw;ghl;bw;fhf rtu;f;fhug;

ngl;b Nghd;w rpwpa ngl;bfs;


³ rJuf;Nfhl;Lj; jhs;fs;


ngl;bia tFg;gpw;F Kd;itj;J mjd;

Kd;Njhw ;wk ; > gf ;fj ; Njhw ;wk ; >

fpilj;Njhw;wk; vd;gd njhlu;ghf

tprhupAq;fs;.

jk;kplk; cs;s rpwpa ngl;bfspd;

Kd ; Njhw ; wk ; > gf ; fj ; Njhw ; wk ; >

fpilj;Njhw;wk; vd;gd njhlu;ghf

t ptu pg ; gjw ;F r py khztUf ;F


ngl;bfspd; fpilg;glj;ij tiua

Ntz;bAs;sJ vdf; $wp> mjidr;

nra;Ak; tpjj;ijf; Nfl;lwpAq;fs;.

ngl;bfspd; ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk;

msf;f Ntz;Lk ; vd mtu ;fs;

$wyhk;.

,U khztiu Kd;dhy; mioj;J

mwpKfj;jpw;fhf vLj;j ngl;bapd;

ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk; msf;FkhW

$Wq;fs;.

mt;tsTfisf; fUk;gyifapy; vOjp

mit rupahdjhntdg; ghu;g;gjw;F

,d;DkpU khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

rJuf ;Nfhl ;Lj ; jhisf ; fUk ; -

gyifapy; xl;b ngl;bapd; fpilg;-

glj;ij mjpy; tiutJ vt;thW vd

khztuplk; tprhupAq;fs;.

xU nrd;upkPw;wu; xU fl;lj;jpdhy;

tiff;Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ vdf; $Wq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

30 cm ,w;F 30 fl;lq;fSk;

20cm ,w;F 20 fl;lq;fSk;

gad;gLj;jyhk;.

ngwg;gl;l msTfSf;F Vw;g ngl;bapd;

fpilg;glj;ij rJuf;Nfhl;Lj; jhspy;

tiutjw ;F khztiu to p g ;

gLj;Jq;fs;. (NfhLfis njspthf

tiutjpy; ftdQ; nrYj;Jq;fs;.)

tiuag;gl;l fpilg;glk; njhlu;ghf

g pd ;tUtd Nghd ;w t pdhf ;fs ;

rpytw;iw khztuplk; tpdhTq;fs;.

tiuag;gl;Ls;s cU ahJ? (ngl;bapd;

fpilg;glk;)

fpilg;glj;jpd; ePsKk; mfyKk;

ngl;bapd; cz;ik ePsKk; mfyKk;

MFkh?

fpilg;glj;jpd; ePsg; gf;fj;jpy; vj;jid

fl;lq;fs; cs;sd?

mjdhy ; vt ;tsT e Psk ;

fhl;lg;gLfpwJ?

fpilg;glj;jpd; mfyg; gf;fj;jpy;

vj;jid fl;lq;fs; cs;sd?

mjdhy; vt;tsT ePsk; fhl;lg;-

gLfpwJ?

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: js tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;Jjs tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;Jjs tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;Jjs tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;Jjs tbtq;fspd; ePsk;> mfyk; vd;gtw;iw mse;J

fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.vspikahd mstpilg; glq;fis tiuthu;.

fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk;fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk;fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk;fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk;fpilg;glKk; mstpilg;glKk; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

36 36 36 36 36

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


Nju;r;rp kl;lk;js cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;Fjs cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;Fjs cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;Fjs cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;Fjs cUnthd;wpd; fpilg;glj;ij tiutjw;F

mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.mstpiliag; gad;gLj;Jthu;.



³ mstpil


³ kPw;wu;Nfhy;> nrd;upkPw;wu; Nfhy;

³ Ke;jpa ghlj;jpy; gad;gLj;jpa

mstpyhd rJuf;Nfhl;Lj; jhs;


Mrpupa Nkir Nghd;w ,d;ndhU

Nkiria jahupf;f Ntz;bAs;s-

njdf; $Wq;fs;.

mjw;F mjd; fpilg;glj;ij vt;thW

tiutJ vd;gijf; fhzg;Nghtjhff;

$Wq;fs;.

Nkirapd; ePs> mfyj;ij mse;J

Fw pj ;Jf ; nfhs ;s Ntz ;bajd ;

mtrpaj;ijf; $Wq;fs;.

xU khztid mioj;J Nkirapd;

ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk; msf;fr;-

nra ;J > ,d ;ndhU khztid

mjidr ; nrt ;it ghu ;f ;Fk ;gb

$Wq;fs;.

mt;tsTfisf; fUk;gyifapy ;

FwpAq;fs;.

rJuf;Nfhl;Lf; fljhrpia fUk;-

gyifapy; xl;Lq;fs;.

ghlk; 1 ,y; cs;sJ Nghd;W xU

nrd;upkPw;wUf;F xU fl;lk; tPjk;

vLj;J Nkirapd; fpilg;glj;ij jhspy;

tiutjw;F Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;.

mt;thW nra;tjw;F ,ayhJ vd

khztu; $wyhk;.

mg ; gbaha pd ; f pilg ; glj ;ij

tiutjw;F NtWKiwfs; cs;sdth

vd tpdTq;fs;.



FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

mtu;fsplk; cs;s ngl;bnahd;w;pd;

f pilg ; glj ;ij tiutjw ;F

Maj;jkhFkhW $Wq;fs;.

xt;nthU khztuplKk; nrd;up

kPw;wu; Nfhnyhd;Wk; rJuf;Nfhl;Lj;

jhnshd;Wk; cz;lh vd tpdh-

Tq;fs;.

ngl;bapd; ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;-

ijAk; jdpj ;jdpahf mse;J

e Psj ;ijAk ; mfyj ;ijAk ;

jPu;khdpg;gjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l msTfSf;F Vw;g


topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fpilg;glj;ij mikf;Fk;NghJ

NfhLfs; njspthf tiuag;gly;

Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;Jq;fs;.



NghJ xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; nrd;W

mtu;fs; rupahfTk; njspthfTk;

fpilg;glj;ij mikf;fpd;wduh vd


khztuJ rJuf; Nfhl;Lj;jhs;

gapw;rpg ; Gj;jfj;jpy; ngl;bapd;


topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

mtu;fs; tiue;j fpilg;glj;ij

tpsf;fj;Jld; mikj;Js;sduh vd

cWjpg ;gLjjpf ; nfhs;tjw;fhf

xt;nthU khztuplKk; tpdhf;fs;


fpilg;glk; fpilg;glk;

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


,U nrd;upkPw;wUf;F xU fl;lk; tPjk;

vLj;J fpilg;glj;ij tiuAkhW

$Wq;fs;. ,jw;F vj;jid fl;lq;fs;

Njitnad tpdTq;fs;. mjw;Nfw;g

kPz;Lk; tiutjw;F topfhl;Lq;fs;.

,t;thwhf %d;W nrd;upkPw;wUf;F xU

fl;lk; tPjk; vLj;J fpilg;glj;ij

mikg;gjw;F vj;jid fl;lq;fs;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; fhz

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

,t;thW ehd;F nrd;upkPw;wUf;F xU


tiutjw;F vj ;jid fl ;lq ;fs;

Njitnad tprhupAq;fs;.

,t;tpjkhf 4>5 nrd;upkPw;wu;fSf;F xU


mikg;gJ kpfTk; ,yFthdJk;

Vw;wJkhFk; vd;gijf; fhz;gjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

e Psj;ijf; fhl;Ltjw;F vj;jid

fl;lq;fs; Njit?

mfyj;ijf; fhl;Ltjw;F vj;jid

fl;lq;fs; Njit?

,q;F mz;zsthf KOikahd

fl;lq;fis vLj;jiy cWjpg;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

mtr pakha pd ; NtW vLj ;Jf ; -

fhl;Lfis tpsf;Fq;fs;.


³ r pw pJ jbg ;ghd ml ;ilfs ;

(jghyl;il> tho;j;J kly;)

³ NfhLfsw;w fljhrp


rpwpa ml;ilfis tFg;gpd; Kd;

itj;J mjid mNj mstpy; gapw;rpg;

Gj ; jfj ; j py ; tiue ;J nfhs ;s

Ntz;baJ mtrpankdf; $Wq;fs;.

khztu;fs; gq;fspg ;Gld; mjd;

ePsj;ijAk; mfyj;ijAk; nrd;up-

kPw;wu;fspy; mse;J me;j msTfisf;


mjd; ePs> mfyj;Jf;F Vw;wthW

ml;ilapd; fpilg;glj;ijf; fUk;-

gyifapy; tiue;J fhl;Lq;fs;.



xU fl;lj;ij 5cm my;yJ 5cm,w;F Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifiaf;

fhl;Lk; tpjkhff; fpilg;glj;ij

tiuaf;$ba xU gpurpdj;ij

toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

Nkirapd; ePsk; 100 cm, mfyk;

60 cm. xU fl;lj;jpy; 5 cm If;fhl ;Lk; tpjkhf Nkirapd;

Nkw;gug;gpd; mstpilg;glj;ij

rJuf;Nfhbl;l jhspy; tiue;J

fhl;Lq;fs;.

mtu ;fSf;F toq;f pa rJuf ;

Nfhbl;l jhspy; fpilg;glj;ij

tiutjw;F mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.


khztu;fs; rupahff; fl;lq;fisf;

fzf ;f p l ; L > Neu ;t ps pk ;igg ;

gad;gLj;jp NfhLfis tiue;J

f pilg ;glj ;ij tiufpd ;wduh

vd;gij mtjhdpj;Jg; ghUq;fs;.

khztu;fs; rJuf; Nfhbl;l gapw;rpg;

Gj;jfj;jpy; fpilg;glk; xd;iw

tiuaf;$bathW gpurpdk; xd;iw

toq;Fq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;Fjstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;Fjstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;Fjstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;Fjstbtnkhd;w pd ; fpilg ;glj ;ij 1:1 (xd;Wf ;F

xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.xd;W) mstpilf;Nfw;g tiuthu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


toq;fg;gl;l rJuf; Nfhbl;l jhisg;

gad;gLj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;gijf;

ftdj;jpw; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

fljhrpnahd;iw ehd;fhf kbj;Jg;

ngw;w nrq;Nfhzj;jpd; %iyfis

cjtpahff; nfhs;Sq;fs;.


tFg ;ig ,Utu ; nfhz ;l

FOf ;fshf xOq ;fikj ;Jf ;

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

gy ; NtW msTfs ; nfhz ;l

jbg;ghd ml;ilfisf; FOTf;F

xd;W tPjk; gfpu;e;J nfhLq;fs;.

Nkw ;$wg ;gl ;l gbKiwfisf;

ifahs;tjd; %ykhf mt;tl;il-

fspd; fpilg;glj;ij NfhLfsw;w

fljhrpapy; tiue;J nfhs;tjw;F

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTkfzpg;gPLk; epiwTk;

khztu;fs; FOr;nraw;ghLfspy;

<Lgl;bUf;Fk;NghJ FOf;fSf;Fr;

nrd ;W mtu ; fs ; ru pahfr ;

nra;fpwhu;fsh vd;gij Nrhjpj;Jg;

ghUq;fs;.

Kd;G ngw;w msTf;F Vw;g tiuag;gl;l

fl;lj;jpd; fpilg;glj;ij tFg;gpy;

Kd;itj;J mJ tiuag;gl;Ls;s tpjk;

gw;wpa fye;Jiuahlypy; <LgLq;fs;.

tFg;giwf;Fk; ,JNghd;w fpilg;

glj;ij tiutjw;fhfg; nghUj;jkhd

msTfspd; mtrpaj;ij NkNyhq;fr;

nra;Aq;fs;.

,t ;thwhd fpilg ;glq ;fSf ;Fg ;

nghUj;jkhd msTfshf kPw;wu;>

nrd;upkPw;wu; vd;git Vw;wjhFk; vDk;

MNyhridia Kd;itAq;fs;.

khztu; gq;fspg;Gld; tFg;giwapd;

f pilg ;glj ;ijf ; fUk ;gyifapy ;

tiuAq;fs;. (1 nr.kP. 1 kPw;wiuf;;

fhl;Lk; tifapy;)

(nrq ; Nfhz %iyfs ; ,q ;F

gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;)


³ kPw;wu; Nfhy;> nrd;upkPw;wu; FwpaPL

cs;s Nfhy;> NfhLfsw;w fljhrp

³ tPL my;yJ fl;llk; xd;wpd;

fpilg;glk; (kpf vspa tbtpy;)


tFg;giwapd; fpilg;glj;ij tiua

Ntz;baJ mtrpankdf;; $Wq;fs;.

Kd ;tUk ; khztu ; r pyUf ;F

tFg ;giwa pd ; e Ps > mfyj ;ij

msg;gjw;F re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

mg ; ngWkhdq ;fisf ; f pl ; ba

kPw;wu;fspy; fUk;gyifapy; vOJq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: nghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;gnghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;gnghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;gnghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;gnghUspd; e Ps mfyj;ij mse;J msTf;Nfw;g

fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.fpilg;glj;ij tiuthu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


ahNjDk ; msTfSf ; Nfw ; g >

fpilg;glj;ij tiuAk; Mw;wiy

Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s ghlg;Gj;jfj;jpy;

nghUj;jkhd gapw;rpiaAk; gpd;tUk;

t pjkhd g pur pde ; j Pu ;j ;jiyAk ;


fl;llj;jpd; ePsk; 20m> mfyk; 15mMFk;. xU nrd;upkPw;wupy; 5 m If;

f hl ;Lk ; t pjkhf fl ; llj ; j pd ;

fpilg;glj;ij tiuAq;fs;.

250cm ePsk; 150cm mfykhd ad;dy;

xd ;w pd ; f pilg ; glj ;ij tiua

Ntz ;baJ mtr pankd ; gijf ;

$Wq;fs;. 10cm ,w;F xU fl;lk; tPjk;

vLj;jhy; fpilg;glj;jpd; ePsk;> mfyk;

vd;gd vj;jid fl;lq;fshFk;?

xU miwapd; msTj;jpl;lk; fPNo

jug ; gl ;Ls ;sJ . 1 cm> 2m I

tiff ;Fw pf ;Fkha pd ; miwa pd ;

cz;ikahd ePsk;> mfyk; vd;d?

4 cm

3cm


khztu; ,UtupUtuhf ,ize;J

tFg ;giwapd ; f pilg ;glj ;ij

fljhrpapy; tiutjw;F topg;-

gLj;Jq;fs;.

mt;thNw kw;nwhU ,lj;j pd ;

e Ps > mfyj ;ij mse ;J

nfhz;L fpilg;glj;ij tiutjpy;

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

fUk;gyif>

ad;dy;>

NtnwhU tFg;giw

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;:msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;msTfSf;F Vw;g fpilg;glj;ijAk; mstpilg;glj;ijAk;

tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.tiuAk; jpwidg; gad;gLj;Jthu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



³ rkr;rPu; ³ rkr;rPu;f; NfhL


³ fljhrpapy ; xusT ngupjhf

ntl;lg;gl;l gy;NtW tbtq;fs;

(rkr;rPuhd> rkr;rPuw;w)

³ FO Ntiyf;fhff;> fljhrpapy;

ntl;lg;gl;l gy;NtW tbtq;fspd;

njhFjpAk; fljhrpapy; tiuag;

gl;l gy;NtW tpjkhd cUtq;

fSk;.


fljhrpapy ; ntl;lg ;gl ;l rkr;r Pu ;

tbtq;fis tFg;gpd; Kd;itAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

,uz ;L rkdhd gFj pfshf

kbf;ff;$ba cUtk; rkr;rPu; cUtk;

vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;. Kd;tUk;

khztuplk; tbtq;fisf; nfhLj;J

mit rkr;rPu; cs;sitah vd;gij

mtjhdpf;FkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

cUtj;ij ,U rkdhd gFjpfshfg;

gpupj;J> mjpy; tUk; NfhL rkr;rPu;

NfhL vd;gij tpsf;Fq;fs;.

Kd ;tUk ; khztu ; r pyUf ;F

tbtq;fis toq;fp> mit rkr;rPu;

cs;sjh vd;gijg ; ghu ;g ;gjw ;F

<LgLj;Jq;fs;.

rkr ; r P u ; cUtq ;fs ; gw ; w p f ;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

rkr;rPu; NfhLs;sJ.

rkr;rPu; NfhLfspd; ,Ugf;fKk;

xd;Wf;nfhd;W rkdhdit.

rkr;rPu; mr;R rpytw;iwf; nfhz;l

tbtk ; xd ;iw khztUf ;F

toq;Fq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L: nrt;tf tbtk;

nrt;tfnkhd;iw ,uz;lhf kbj;J

mj pYs ;s rkr ; r P u ; Nfhl ;ilf ;

fhz;gpf;FkhW $Wq;fs;.

me;j tbtj;ijf; fUk;gyifapy;

tiue;J mjd; rkr;r Pu ; Nfhl;il

tiuAq;fs;.

mj py ; NtW rkr ;r P u ; NfhLfs ;

cs;sdth vd;gij tpdTq;fs;.

khztDf;F / khztpf;F mjidf;

fhl ;Ltjw ; f hd re ; j u ; g ; gj ;ij

toq;Fq;fs;.

fUk;gyifapy; tiuag;gl;l tbtj;jpy;

mr;rkr;rPu; Nfhl;il tiuAq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: rkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fisrkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fisrkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fisrkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fisrkr;rPu; cs;s rkr;rPu; kw;Wk; my;yhj cUtq;fis

NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lthu;. rkr;rPu; NfhL tiuthu;.


Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp :Njh;r;rp : rkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtWrkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtWrkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtWrkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtWrkr ;r P u ; cUtq;fis Mf;Fthu ; > gy ;NtW

Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs;rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs;rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs;rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs;rkr;rPu;f; Nfhyq;fs; thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;thuk;

37 37 37 37 37

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l rkr;rPu; NfhLfs;

cs;s cUtq;fSk; ,Ug;gij NkYk;

vLj ;Jf ;fhl ;Lfs ; %yk ; ,dq ;

fhz;gjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.



fljhrpapy; ntl;lg;gl;l rkr;rPu;

kw;Wk; rkr;rPuw;w tbtq;fspd;

njhFj pnahd ;iw xt ;nthU

FOTf;Fk; toq;Fq;fs;.

mt;tbtq;fspd; rkr;rPu; kw;Wk;

rkr ;r Puw ;w tbtq;fis NtW-

gLj;Jtjpy; <LgLj;Jq;fs;. rkr;rPu;

tbtq;fspy; rkr;rPu; NfhLfis

tiuAkhW $Wq;fs;.

rkr;rPu; cs;sJk; rkr;rPu; mw;wJkhd

gytbtq ;fs ; tiuag ; gl ; l

fljhrpnahd;iwAk; FOf;fSf;F

toq;Fq;fs;.

mt ;thW tiuag ; gl ; l js

tbtq ;fs py ; rkr ; r P u ; cs ;s

jstbtq;fisj; njupTnra;J>

mtw ;w py ; rkr ;r P u ; NfhLfis

tiutjw;F <LgLj;Jq;fs;.


khztu;fs; rkr;rPu; tbtq;fisr;

r u pahf ,dq ;fz ;Ls ;sduh

vd;gijAk; rkr;rPu; NfhLfs; rupahf

tiuag;gl;Ls;sdth vd;gijAk;

cWjp nra ;tjw ;F xt ;nthU

FOTf;Fk; nrd;W mtjhdpAq;fs;.


³ rkr;rPu; ³ rkr;rPu; NfhL


³ fj;jupf;Nfhy;

³ fljhrp 6cmx6cm msT

³ epw ik

³ XusT ngupa fljhrp


rkr;rPu; cUtq;fspd; gz;Gfs; gw;wp


,jw;F rkr;rPu; tbtq;fs; rpytw;iwg;

gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.

fljhr pia ,uz ;lhf kbj ;J

fj;jpupf;Nfhyhy; ntl;bNah my;yJ

f po pj ;Njh rkr ;r P u ; tbtq ;fis

Mf;fpf;nfhs;Sk; tpjj;ijr; nra;J

fhl;Lq;fs;.

xU Jsp ikiaf; fljhrpapy; ,l;L>

,uz ;lhf kbj ;Jk ; rkr ; r P u ;

cUtq;fisr; nra;ayhk; vd;gijf;

fhl;Lq;fs;. ,t;thW kbf;fg;gl;l

NfhL rkr;rPu; mr;R vdg;gLk;.



xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; 6cm x 6cmmst pyhd xU fljhr pia

toq;Fq;fs;.

gy ;NtW tbtq;fspy ; rkr ;r Pu ;

cUtq;fis Mf;fp> mtw;wpd;

rkr;rPu; mr;ir milahskpLkhW

mwpTiu toq;Fq;fs;.

khztu; FOf;fshf Mf;fpa rkr;rPu;

cUtq;fis kw;nwhU fljhrpapy;

xl;bf;nfhs;tjw;F topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis tiuthu;.


fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



FOf;fs; Mf;fpa rkr;rPu; tbtq;

fis tFg ; g py ; fhl ; r p g ; -

gLj;Jtjw;Fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;F-

q;fs;.

xt;nthU khztDf;Fk; 6cmx6cmmsTs;s fljhrpj ; Jz;Lfs;

r pytw ;iw toq ;f p rkr ; r P u ;

cUtq;fis Mf;fTk; gapw;rpg;

Gj ;jfj ;j py ; mtw ;iw xl ;bf ;

nfhs;sTk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;. ,q;F

rkr;r Pu ; NfhLfisj; njspthf

tiue;J nfhs;tjw;F xOq;F

nra;Aq;fs;.


tpiuthfr; nraw;ghl;il epiwT-

nra;Ak; khztu;fis NkYk; rkr;rPu;

cUtq;fs; tiutjpy; <LgLj;J-

q;fs;.

,lu;g;gLk; khztu;fSf;F Nkyjpf

cjtpfis toq;Fq;fs;.

kw;nwhU khztid mioj;J mJ

Nghd;w tbtq;fspd; njhFjpnahd;iw

toq;f p > NtnwhU Nfhyj ;ijf ;

fl;bnaOg;GkhW $Wq;fs;.

cUthf;fg;gl;l Nfhyq;fs; njhlu;ghf

khztu;fSld; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

xNu t pjkhd cUtq ;fisg ;

gad ;gLj ;j pg ; gy ;NtW tpjkhd

vz;Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;g KbAk;

vd;gijj; njspTg;gLj;Jq;fs;.


khztu;fisf; FOf;fshf;Fq;fs;.

xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; fljhrpapy;

ntl;lg;gl;l tbtq;fspd; njhFjp-

nahd;iw toq;Fq;fs;.

FOtpy; midtUk; ,ize;J

tbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW

vz; Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;G-


mf;Nfhyq;fis fljhrpapy; xl;b>

tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg ;gLj;Jtjw;Fr;



³ Nfhyk;


³ gy;NtW tbtq;fs;


khztu; midtUf;Fk; njupaf;$ba

,lj ;j py ; > tbtq;fisf;nfhz;L

gpd;tUk; tpjkhd Nfhynkhd;iwf;

fl;bnaOg;Gq;fs;.

,e ;jf ;Nfhyj ;ij NkYk; fl ;b -

naOg;Gtjw;fhf mLj;JtUk; tbtk;

vJthf ,Uf ;fyhk ; vd ;gijf ;

$Wtjw;F khztu;fSf;Fr; re;ju;g;gk;

toq;Fq;fs;.

xd;Wf;nfhd;W NtWgl;l 2 my;yJ 3

tbtq;fs; nfhz;l njhFjpnahd;iw

Nkir kPJ itAq;fs;.

xU khztid Kd;dhy; mioj;J

Nfhynkhd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf

mt;tbtq;fisf; fUk;gyifapy;

my;yJ Rtupy; njhq;ftplg;gl;l

ml;ilapy; xl;Lk;gb $Wq;fs;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;: jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;jstbtq;fisf; nfhz;L gy;NtW Nfhyq;fisf;



fzpjk; juk; Ie;J



tbtq;fisf; nfhz;l Nfhyq;-

fis fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F Vw;w

gapw;rpfsp;y; khztiu <LgLj;-

Jq;fs;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;L:

gpd;tUk; Nfhyq;fisg;; g+u;j;jp

nra;Aq;fs;.

1&

2&

fzpjk; juk; Ie;J


juk; Ie;J - fzpjk; fzpg;gPl;L - mwpf;ifg; gbtk;





khztu; ngau;

fzpg;gPl;L msTj;jpl;lk;

ntw;wpfukhfr;

nra;thu; √√ √√√

,lu;g;gLfpwhu; /

NkYk; cjtp

Njitg;gLfpwJ

•

1. ehd;fpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;zpf;ifia tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.

2. vz;Nfhyj;jpYs;s nghJ tpj;jpahrj;ij ,dq;fz;L> mLj;JtUk; ,yf;fj;ij

vOJthu;. (6-8 tiu)

3. 2 Kjy; 5 tiuapyhd ngUf;fy; Nfhyq;fis ,dq;fz;L Mf;Fthu;.

4. ,uz;bd; gq;F> ehd;fpd; gq;F kw;Wk; gj;jpd; gq;FfSf;F cupa gpd;dq;fis

,dq;fhz;ghu;.

5. 1 Kjy; 20 tiu cNuhkd; vz;fis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.

6. ehd;fpyf;fq;fs; nfhz;l %d;W vz;fisf; $l;Lthu;. (Njitnadpy; nfhz;L

nry;yYld;)

7. 9 999 ,w;F Nkw;glhj vznzhd;wpy; ,Ue;J kw;nwhU vz;izf; fopg;ghu;. (nfhz;L

tUjYld;)

8. 7 Mk; 9Mk; ngUf;fy; tha;g;ghLfis ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;Jthu;.

9. <upyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vznzhd;iw 2 Kjy; 10 tiuapYs;s ve;j vz;zhYk;

ngUf;Fthu;.

10. %tpyf;fq;fSf;F Nkw;glhj vz;nzhd;iw 3 Kjy; 9 tiuapYs;s ve;jnthU

vz;zhYk; tFg;ghu;.

11. 24 kzpj;jpahyf; fbfhuj;jpy; Neuj;ijf; $Wthu;.

12. kzpj;jpahyk;> epkplq;fs; nfhz;l gpurpdq;fs; jPu;g;ghu;.

13. fope;j Neuj;ij kzpj;jpahyj;jpYk; epkplj;jpYk; fzf;fpLthu;.

14. jput msit mDkhdpj;J> cz;ikahd msTld; xg;gpLthu;.

15. yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; nfhz;l ,yFthd $l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;;g;ghu;.

16. yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; nfhz;l ,yFthd fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;;g;ghu;.

17. kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; msTfspy; ePsj;ij mDkhdpg;ghu;.

18. kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; msTfspy; ePsj;ij mse;J $Wthu;.

19. yPw;wu;> kpy;ypyPw;wu; nfhz;l ,yFthd $l;ly; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;;g;ghu;.

20. kPw;wu;> nrd;upkPw;wu; nfhz;l ,yFthd fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

21. fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fspy; msTfspy; epiwia mse;J $Wthu;.

22. epak myifg; gad;gLj;jpg; nghUs;fspd; epiwia mse;J cWjpg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;thu;.

23. fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fs; nfhz;l $l;ly;> fopj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

24. fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fs; nfhz;l ,yFthd ngUf;fy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;g;ghu;.

25. fpNyhfpuhk;> fpuhk;fs; nfhz;l ,yFthd tFj;jy; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;;g;ghu;.

26. toq;fg;gl;l jstbtq;fspd; gug;gsit rJunrd;upkPw;wu; fl;lq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp

mse;J $Wthu;.

27. &gha;> rjq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy;fspy;; <LgLthu;.

28. fzpjr;nra;ifnahd;W my;yJ gy mlq;fpa gzk; njhlu;ghd fzpjr; nraw;ghLfisr;

nra;thu;.

29. jpz;kq;fsJk; Nfj;jpufzpj tbtq;fspdJk; gz;Gfis ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

30. fpilj;jsk;> epiyf;Fj;Jj;jsk; vd;gtw;iw ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

31. Kg;gupkhz tbtq;fis Mf;Ftjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba ,Ugupkhz tbtq;fis

tiuthu;.

32. nrq;Nfhzj;ijtplr; rpwpaJk; ngupaJkhd Nfhzq;fis ,dq;fz;L $Wthu;.

33. vspa msTfisf;nfhz;l mstpilg;glq;fs; tiuthu;.

34. vl;Lj;jpirfisAk; fhl;Lthu;.

35. toq;fg;gl;l fw;gidf; Nfhyq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

36. rkr;rPu; tbtq;fis Mf;Fthu;.

37. juTfisr; Nrfupg;ghu;> epuy; tiuGfSld; tiff;Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

38. Neu ml;ltiz> tiuGfis thrpg;ghu;.

fzpjk; - nie.lknie.lk/pdffiles/tg/t5tim15.pdffzpjk; mrpupau;; mwptiug;g topfhl;b juk; ie;j...

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