fyp journal 2013

Dexter S. Lo

Contents

Community Development

1. Design of Off-Grid Photovoltaic Power Generation System for Single House in Xavier Ecoville, Lumbia

2. Proposed Drainage System Design for Zones 1, 2, and 3 Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro

3. Solar Powered Saltwater Pump using Stirling Engine for Sitio Malingin, Igpit, Opol Misamis Oriental

4. Water Desalination System using Parabolic Trough Reflector for Sitio Malingin, Opol, Misamis Oriental

Disaster Risk Management

1. Evaluation of Storm Water Capacity of the Drainage System along Kauswagan Highway, Cagayan de Oro City

2. Flood Control Structure along Zone 2, Zone 3, and Zone 4 Barangay Barra, Opol, Misamis Oriental

3. Landslide Hazard Assessment and Management in Cagayan de Oro City

4. Water Drainage System Evaluation of the Flood Prone Areas of Barangay Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City

Health Care Support Systems

1. A Study on Refrigerant Flow Characteristics of a Designed Mini Evaporator and Mini Condenser for Medical Purposes

2. Calorie-Tracking Smartphone Application using Direct Calorie-To-Pound Conversion for Weight Monitoring

3. Electronic Response (E- Response) System for Pulserate Monitoring

4. Home Automation Through Wireless Transmission of Voice Commands for People with Dexterity and Mobility Impairments

5. Obstacle Detector for Visually Impaired Persons

6. Solar-Powered Portable Transport Medicine Kit using Mini DC Rotary Compression System

7. System Monitoring and System Control of the Knee Joint Movement and Motion (Operating Servomotor Actuation) of Wearable Lower Limb Robotic Exoskeletons in Assisting Paraplegia Patients

8. The Study on Flow Characteristics of R134a (Tetrafluoroethane) in Serpentine Coiled Capillary Tubes as an Alternative Metering Device for Portable Medical Cooling Systems

Innovative Designs

1. Automated Stock Inventory using Sensors (RFID)

2. A Plant Design Project on the Production of Chlorobenzenes from Benzene and Chlorine

3. Alternative Payment in Taxicabs

4. Design Of a Domestic Water Filter using Moringa Oleifera Pellets

5. Electric Generating Floor Mat with Instrumentation

6. Full Scale Flexural Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Beam Block Adapted from Habitat for Humanity

7. Malunggay (Moringa Oleifera) Drier Using Air Conditioner Condenser

8. Optical and Electronic Amplification for Photovoltaic System using Artificial Light

9. Prototype Hybrid “Kuliglig” (Gasoline-Electric) for Agricultural Transport

10. Starch – Lignin Based Biopolymer Support for Urea Fertilizer in a Controlled Release System

Renewable Energy

1. A Proposition of Sustainable Residential Structure for Home Builders by Adapting a Green Building Rating System

2. A Study of an Ocean Wave Driven Air Pump System Producing Mechanical Work

3. Production Of Biodiesel Through Transesterification of Oil Extracted from Chorella Vulgaris Cultured in a Photobioreactor

4. Propeller Design For The Proposed Xavier University Wind Power Generator

Resource And Waste Management

1. Adsorption using Pelletized Rice Husks Flour for the Removal of Surfactants

2. Analysis on the Power Quality in The Social Science Building of Xavier University

3. Bridge Evaluation of Gov. Ysalina Bridge, Kagay-an Bridge and Maharlika Bridge

4. Conversion of Human Faeces from Urine-Diversion Dehydration Toilet to Biochar by Hydrothermal Carbonization

5. Domestic Wastewater Treatment using Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands Planted with Horsetail, Napier Grass and Guinea Grass

6. Enhanced Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion using Water Electrolysis

7. The Experimental Investigation of Partial Replacement of Cement by Corn Husk Ask in Concrete

System Analysis

1. A Feasibility Study on Maranao Ethnic Foods Production Project for Pasalubong Centers

2. Technology Upgrading: Abaca Defibering Technology

3. Technology Upgrading of Tugaya Multi-Purpose Cooperative Halal Dressed Chicken Processing

Transportation Engineering

1. Assessment of Pavement Marking and Traffic Signs for Road Safety along Selected Roads and Highways in Cagayan de Oro City

2. Activated Carbon from Gigantochloa Atter as Filters for Exhaust of Automobiles in Cagayan De Oro City

3. Evaluation of Road and Pavement of the Talakag, Bukidnon to Cagayan de Oro City Road

4. Improving Safety in Public Schools in Cagayan de Oro Through Engineering and Traffic Education

5. Traffic Evaluation of Signalized Intersection along Seriña Street and Vamenta Boulevard of Cagayan de Oro City

6. Traffic Countermeasures for Left Turn and Right Turn Conflict at Vamenta— Seriña Intersection, Cagayan de Oro City

DESIGN OF OFF-GRID PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM FOR SINGLE HOUSE IN XAVIER ECOVILLE,

BRGY. LUMBIA, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

James Roland F Cortejos, Rejinne Louie R Dumanon, Rey Norman I Tagarda and Josaphat B Villamore

Electrical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Gunnar Marc Shane C Cabaraban

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Studies on photovoltaic (PV) generation are widely gaining interest, since it is considered as an essentially inexhaustible and largely obtainable energy resource. Off Grid is a method of power generation that is done independently from the grid, or an external provider of electricity (e.g. CEPALCO). The PV Generator solely provides the power for the application. On the other hand, On Grid systems provide power for the site application as well as sending and selling power to the grid. Off Grid systems are designed for rural areas that have limited access to the grid. Xavier Ecoville, in Lumbia’s location is ideal for PV generation since the site is exposed to almost unhampered solar radiation. Also, the residences of the area are victims of the tropical storm “Sendong” with much of their properties destroyed. The installation of a renewable energy source helps improve their state of life as well as being a method of saving on their electric bill. The study is concerned with designing an Off Grid PV power generation system for Xavier Ecoville, and determining whether the designed system is economical for the site. The design to be implanted on the site is determined by the power output, efficiency, environmental and economical implications. Site visitations, study of residential loads, engineering economics and cash flow analysis are done to ensure the designs are applicable for actual implementation. The study strongly suggests that the design for Off Grid system be applied for Xavier Ecoville due to its economical and power generation advantage.

KEYWORDS: On- Grid, Off- Grid, Photovoltaic (PV) Power Generation

PROPOSED DRAINAGE SYSTEM DESIGN FOR ZONES 1, 2, AND 3, BARANGAY LUMBIA, CAGAYAN DE ORO

Stephanie B Cheng, John Alexander C Malolot III, Roselle Grace S Rodriguez and Sheryl Rose V Tee

Civil Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Jan Taat and Joel Camillo M Haos

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Improper garbage disposal and inadequate drainage structure increases the probability of discharging a high volume of water from accumulated rain. The construction of drainage systems requires periodic maintenance to avoid clogging and to maintain efficiency. A design for combined waste water and storm water drainage system suitable for Zones 1, 2, and 3 of Barangay Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City is the main focus of this study. Due to the nonexistence of a complete drainage system of the research area, it is envisioned that a sustainable drainage system would provide security for the inhabitants of Lumbia against flooding. The study was conducted by determining the expected maximum net rainfall intensity and the assumed volume discharge of each household. Obtaining the net rainfall intensity includes the predicted highest volume of rainfall with respect to its time concentration according to the Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency Curve derived by the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Topography was observed through actual site investigation and through mapping orientation. Satellite-based data was confirmed by conducting field validation and actual site investigation. Direction and intensity of the runoff were then identified according to the tributary area within the water-divide and total discharges from both rainfall and household contributions served as the main basis for the drainage system design. Two (2) designs were proposed in this study. The first drainage design was composed of a trapezoidal cross-sectional open drainage for the main channel, box culverts for the combined household wastes and storm-water run-off, and culverts to be located beneath the intersections of public roads. The second design was focused on utilizing reinforced concrete pipes. Outlet points were directed towards a creek tributary to the Iponan River and a proposed retention pond to be located at the eastern part of Zone 2, Barangay Lumbia.

KEYWORDS: Sustainable Drainage Designs, Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro

SOLAR POWERED SALTWATER PUMP USING STIRLING ENGINE FOR SITIO MALINGIN, IGPIT, OPOL MISAMIS ORIENTAL

Mark Julius R Cabasan, Rizland C Montante, Mark Anthony M Maraya and Ash Ton Leo A Gaoiran

Mechanical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Cyril G Fabrea Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The current population of Sitio Malingin is 316 people but with only three household having a direct waterline connection from Cagayan de Oro City Water District. The drinking water from these households is sold to neighbors for Php 2.00 per gallon. A water desalination system in this area will be a great help to the community especially when the water supply comes from a source wherein it is most abundant to them, the sea. Sea water is to be pumped to the tank collector of the distillation system which in turn will be processed into drinkable water. This study aims to test the technical feasibility of developing a saltwater pump using a Stirling engine driven by a solar thermal heat collector. Access to electricity and safe drinking water is very limited in the said area. Harnessing solar heat as a source of renewable energy is suited for this area that is surrounded by fishponds and the shore of Macajalar bay. A non-imaging solar concentrator, integrated with a gamma configuration Stirling engine was designed and developed using locally available materials. The power output of the engine is used to move saltwater from the shoreline to a 5000 mL capacity collection tank of the desalination system about 1500mm above sea level. The results demonstrate that the solar concentrator fitted with mirror film strips and with an aperture diameter of 64 centimeters is able to concentrate heat from the sun to the Stirling engine receiver at a maximum temperature of 1022.2°C on a clear sunny day. The results suggest that with the high temperature concentrated by the solar concentrator, sufficient power can be supplied by the engine to pump saltwater.

KEYWORDS: Solar, Pump,Stirling Engine, Parabolic Concentrator, Renewable Energy

WATER DESALINATION SYSTEM USING PARABOLIC TROUGH REFLECTOR FOR SITIO MALINGIN,

OPOL, MISAMIS ORIENTAL

Michael Louis R Ong, Roine Anthony Y Limbaco and Franz Nikko S Francisco Mechanical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRACT

Water supply was observed to be scarce for the residents of Sitio Malingin. Out of the sixty-seven households, only about half have a direct source of water supply from the water district. Solar heat has been found to be the most accessible renewable energy source in Sitio Malingin. The proponents of this study aims to desalinate sea water which will be fit for consumption of the residents of Sitio Malingin. The study aimed to design and develop a portable water desalination system aided by a parabolic trough reflector. The goal is to produce desalinated water by evaporating seawater and condensing its vapour. The system comprises of three main parts: the container, frame, and parabolic trough reflector. Seawater was heated in a rectangular container with a glass lid using a mirror film attached to the parabolic trough. The parabolic trough reflector reflects the sun’s rays and directs it to the container. Heating seawater evaporates the water it contains, thus leaving the salt and other impurities behind. The product vapour is then condensed and collected at the base of the glass lid. The desalinated water is then stored in a sterile water container. The test was conducted by pumping sea water to the rectangular container designed to process 5000ml of seawater. Results indicated that due to the unpredictable variations in the weather, the system was only able to produce 250ml of desalinated water which gives a conversion efficiency of 5%. This suggests that due to the unpredictable weather conditions, a redesign of the system is needed.

KEYWORDS: Desalination, Seawater, Portable, Parabolic Trough, Mirror Film

EVALUATION OF STORM WATER CAPACITY OF THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM ALONG KAUSWAGAN HIGHWAY,

CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Eduardo M Apalla III, RamierCarlo A Daan, Juanito O Nasara, Jr and Jasmine C Villena


Joel Camilo M Haos and Dexter S Lo

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Urban street flooding is an indication of a sewer network problem, surface runoff issues, and other environmental factors. Kauswagan Highway is affected by urban street flooding due to large amounts of storm water runoff that leads to vehicular traffic disruption and flood damage despite its large open-channel drainage. This study aimed to evaluate the storm water runoff capacity of the main channels along Kauswagan Highway using the Rational Method and Manning’s Formula for the computation of the actual discharge and discharge capacity, respectively. Also, the Kerby-Hatheway equation and rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (RIDF) equation were used to determine the time of concentration and rainfall intensity for extreme conditions, respectively. Results of the study revealed that the current drainage system along Kauswagan Highway is not sufficient to cater the storm water runoff from 10-year storm rainfall intensity. It was also concluded that the current drainage system is inefficient because 81.22% of the South Channel capacity and 72.97% of the North Channel capacity are covered with silt. This research study provided recommendations of diverting the current storm water flow towards CDO River and adding another reinforced concrete box culvert to divert the storm water discharge from one bank to the other.

KEYWORDS: Urban Street Flooding, Kauswagan Highway, Storm Water Runoff, RIDF Equation

FLOOD CONTROL STRUCTURE ALONG ZONE 2, ZONE 3, AND ZONE 4 BARANGAY BARRA, OPOL, MISAMIS ORIENTAL

Angel Leah Alexes V Atupan,George Winstone F Beligantol, Christine Mae U Dadulas and Neil Joven A Guantero


Jofferdale Q Gallamaso and Jingle Melody J Reas

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

An efficient flood control structure like revetment is suitable in many situations where the riverbank is to be protected from collapsing due to erosion, scouring and/or riverbed degradation. The study area considered is a segment along Iponan River located along Barangay Barra, Opol, Misamis Oriental. Their community is prone to flooding during extended period of rain. For these reasons, the researchers deemed it necessary to impose revetments for safety purposes. The objectives of this paper were to provide and propose alternative designs to control the flow of water along the river side as well as protect the riverbank from collapsing, to compare the different methods of flood control based on the strength and efficiency, and to choose which among these alternative designs of flood control is most economical by considering cost benefit analysis. Furthermore, a criteria was to be observed in choosing the alternatives: the external force of erosion depends on the velocity of river flow, therefore the determination to provide revetment should be made depending on the river flow velocity, embankment material, topographical, morphological, and geological conditions of the riverbank and river flow direction, with due consideration to the appropriate type of revetment suited to the existing site condition. The methodology includes the conduct of site inspection, hydrographic survey, soil test, compaction test, and collection and analysis of gathered data. The current condition of the river and the volume of runoff based on the contour map of the area concerned will be determined. There are four flood control structures considered by the researchers. These are gabion mattresses, sand bagging, sheet piling and grouted riprap. One of these four flood structural measures is chosen for reducing vulnerability to flooding of three zones of Barangay Barra, Opol, Misamis Oriental.

KEYWORDS: Flood Control, Scouring, Degradation, Revetment

LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Rodjohnbirt H Bagajo, Ryan Rey A Chan, Mc Harold Jasper C Gomez and John Erwin G Tagam


Anabel A Abuzo Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The effects of climate change due to global warming has changed the dynamics of the environment and brought about several geological activities such as earthquake and excessive rainfall which is one of the factors that trigger landslide occurrence. Landslides are a geological phenomenon which is mainly a wide range of ground movement which may occur in offshore, coastal, and onshore environment. Landslides can lead to the destruction of property and can affect safety. Cagayan de Oro City is one of the fastest growing cities in the Philippines, not just economically but also in terms of its population growth. Because of this, many households in Cagayan de Oro reside near or even on the steep slopes which are areas prone to landslides causing risks to the community, thus this becomes a motivator for this study. The main objective of this study is to assess landslide prone areas in order to design and propose a landslide mitigation plan for Cagayan de Oro City to mitigate the impact of landslide occurrence in the area. The methodology mainly focuses on the landslide management with the “Do nothing” and “Do something” scenario. The study is also concern with the method of Landslide Risk Analysis which includes hazard, population, and vulnerability (UNDP 2004). The study includes conducting topographic surveys to investigate the physical characteristics of the area to formulate an assessment for risk and damage analysis.

KEYWORDS: Landslide, Risk Analysis, Hazard Management, Mitigation Plan

WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM EVALUATION OF THE FLOOD PRONE AREAS OF BARANGAY CARMEN, CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Raiwen D Alipoyo, Joshua Paolo O Echano, Patrick Gilbert G Cabading and Uriel B Mabaylan


Julie Ann I Dela Cruz and Joel Camilo M Haos

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Barangay Carmen, one the largest barangays in Cagayan de Oro City, faces a significant issue regarding excessive flooding over the low parts of the barangay. Drainage system of the said barangay was supposed to be channelling discharge of water coming from rainfall through the highly elevated areas of Carmen but malfunctioned due to the inability to accommodate the flow. The drainage system of barangay Carmen was designed dated back to the time when the barangay was less settled. Urbanization significantly affects the runoff of rainfall on the streets of Max Suniel, Villarin, J.V Serina and Gumamela. Along with the unpredictability of rainfall in Cagayan de Oro City, low intensity of rainfall may cause flooding in the areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and assess the present condition of the existing drainage system. Researchers gathered data from different institutions and offices to aid the study. A 3D drafting software (Civil 3D Cad) and a global positioning system (GPS) device was used to map out the where the water will flow throughout the area. The drainage system in Carmen is composed of culverts and open channels. The actual discharge of the drainage infrastructure is computed using the Manning’s Formula and the peak discharge is computed using the rational method. Results of the study revealed that the drainage infrastructure of the specific streets cannot accommodate the discharge of water coming from the major creeks and local runoff. Diversion of creek flow, additional capacity of the drainages and maintenance is recommended.

KEYWORDS: Drainage, Rational Method, Manning’s Formula, Urbanization

A STUDY ON REFRIGERANT FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF A DESIGNED MINI EVAPORATOR AND MINI

CONDENSER FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES

Maico Jovi L Abao, Jonas-Noe P Belitor and Oliver Orville M Oliveros Mechanical Engineering Department

Elmer B Dollera Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

All vaccines are thermo-sensitive and should be kept at a maintained temperature of 2-8°C. The long chain of the distribution process of medicines augments the travel time – diminishing their effectiveness and potency. This problem can be resolved through the development of a miniaturized, portable and low power cooling system. A miniature refrigeration system offers a convenient means of removing heat and maintaining the required temperature for the medicine. The primary objective of the research aims to design, fabricate and evaluate the flow characteristics of the refrigerant in a mini-channel copper block evaporator and condenser unit. Six 100mm x 50 mm x 18 mm heat exchangers with channel diameters of 3mm, 2mm, and 1mm were designed, fabricated and tested. The units were connected in a vapour compression cycle using an R-134a refrigerant as a cooling medium. Forced draft air is introduced to the evaporator in a wind tunnel system to generate heat transfer. Each heat exchanger was tested by a 25 minute run on the system with a data gathering interval of 1 minute. The pressure drop increases every time the channel gets smaller. The mass flow rate of the refrigerant is almost identical in different heat exchangers. Data also shows that the smaller the diameter of the channel, the higher the refrigerant temperature. The results of the calculation showed that 3 mm diameter evaporator has an overall heat transfer coefficient of 22.56 W/m2-K (Evaporator) and 29.026 W/m2-K (Condenser) while 2mm has 16.255 W/m2-K (Evaporator) and 17.072 W/m2-K (Condenser) and lastly 1 mm has 13.65 W/m2-K (Evaporator) and 14.92 W/m2-K (Condenser). The data being studied shows that large-diameter tubes offers large residency time for the refrigerant to absorb heat from the heat exchanger thereby increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger.

KEYWORDS: Heat Exchanger, Vapour Compression Cycle, Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

CALORIE-TRACKING SMARTPHONE APPLICATION USING DIRECT CALORIE-TO-POUND CONVERSION

FOR WEIGHT MONITORING

Edgar Emmanuel D Antiquina, Cindy Naisa M Boniao, Bermieh Verlie O Calam, John Vincent A Rañopa and Eric A Seballos, Jr

Electronics Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Mary Jean O Apor

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

This paper presents the initial stage of a larger concept that deals with upgrading the usual trend of calorie tracking for the purpose of weight monitoring. It focuses on designing a smartphone application on the Android platform, which includes a database for food and activities with their corresponding calorie equivalents as well as a real-time calorie-to-pound resultant weight calculator – features not collectively present in today’s weight loss tracking applications. The app is used to keep track of the calorie intake & expense of users and to give them a real-time update of their current weight based on these inputs. Thirty or more participants are then subjected to test this application for four weeks considering the following factors: age, sex, and BMI. The study basically intends to validate the accuracy of the app’s calculation of the users’ expected weight as compared to their actual weight on a scale. In summary, the test results prove to be very conclusive. The expected and actual weights match very closely, yielding an average percent difference of 0.17%. The testing also yields interesting findings as to the significance of age, sex, & BMI. Overall, the project manages to produce considerable results. This would prove very useful for the project’s larger concept, which includes a portable digital weighing scale and motion detection & recognition modules to complement the application in validating actual weights & in making activity logs easier, whether it is for further testing or actual use.

KEYWORDS: Smartphone Application, Calorie Tracking, Weight Monitoring

ELECTRONIC RESPONSE (e- Response) SYSTEM FOR PULSERATE MONITORING

James Kevin M Sagocsoc, Rommel Christian M Dellosa, McAlvin N Neri and Kenneth Ray B Lao


Meldy Grace M Comandante

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this project is to offer assistance to those people that need immediate emergency response related to their current abnormal pulse rate. The device helps to monitor the pulse rate of a person whether it goes below or above normal ratings. This device is helpful to those who are experiencing heart related problems. The process employed by this device is the same as a Pulse Oximeter, but the difference is that E-Response device has an additional GSM module technology for monitoring the beats per minute (BPM) of the person in real time. It warns the respondent of the pulse rating of the user when an abnormal condition is detected. If the user exhibits normal conditions, pressing the switch provides the user’s pulse rate to the respondent for monitoring purposes. The built-in switch sends an SMS to the respondent and he is able to monitor and check the condition of user even if the respondent is far from the user. In this state, an adult has a constant pulse reading of approximately 60 to 90 BPM and 50 to 105 BPM. Abnormal conditions may trigger the device if the ranges of the BPM lie below and above the normal condition. An E-Response system can be used daily for people experiencing abnormal oxygen saturation, injured from an accident or any other heart rate problems. With the aid of ANOVA two-way factor and T-test, statistically, it shows that there is no significant difference between the reading of pulse rates between the pulse oximeter and the prototype.

KEYWORDS: Pulse Rate, BPM, GSM Module, Respondent, User

HOME AUTOMATION THROUGH WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF VOICE COMMANDS FOR PEOPLE WITH DEXTERITY

AND MOBILITY IMPAIRMENTS

Edrine May M Hernandez, Brandon L Neri and Noel Matthew R Ocio Electronics Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Lolit M Villanueva

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The project is an innovation of existing home automation systems to suffice the needs of dexterity and mobility impaired individuals. The focal point of this project is on the wireless transmission of voice commands from the user to the main brain of the system to allow the target users to switch or actuate electrical devices located anywhere; even when far from them. Since the users may utter voice commands anywhere, the system has output indicators which give additional convenience by letting the users know if the wirelessly transmitted voice commands have been properly interpreted by the main brain. For demonstration purposes, the electrical outputs are for a light and fan only. The gathered data illustrates system responsiveness at different settings. The data confirms that the system works best when used by the person whose voice is recorded for voice commands. System responsiveness vary considerably with different users and to varying ambient room sound levels. It is also determined that the system’s range is up to 210ft in a line of sight path between the user and the main, while 150ft in an obstructed path. Within these ranges, no wireless transmission errors occur. The designed output indicators are also found to display the true current status of the connected electrical outputs at all times.

KEYWORDS: Wireless Transmission, Voice Commands, Output Indicators

OBSTACLE DETECTOR FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED PERSONS

Azur Uy Dime, Vinmar A Magto and Francisco C Fernandez Jr Electronics Engineering

E-mail: [email protected]

Mary Jean O Apor Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Obstacle detection for the visually impaired is a project that addresses the limitation of disabled users. The idea is adopted from the concept of visual sensing systems of robots through sensors. This project uses three ultrasonic sensors and three vibrators mounted at the chest, waist, and ankle. Presence of obstacles and their corresponding elevations are being detected by the three sensors. Every time an obstacle is detected, a specific dynamo vibrates. The sensors are interfaced through a microcontroller that triggers the dynamo to help the user decide for his next action. Dynamo vibration intensity depends on the distance and/or elevation of the obstacle detected. Dynamo vibration is minimal when the detected obstacle is 3 to 6 feet away from the user. The intensity of vibration increases when the user is in the range of 0 to 3 feet away from the obstacle. There are three possible courses of action namely bow, change direction (left/right), and step over depending on which dynamo vibrates. Tests show that the developed obstacle detection system is 100% accurate when the distance between user and obstacle is 0 to 5 feet. Out of 100 trials, the actual course of action compliments with the expected action 97 times considering random distances and materials.

KEYWORDS: Ultrasonic Sensor, Microcontroller, Warning System

SOLAR-POWERED PORTABLE TRANSPORT MEDICINE KIT USING MINI DC ROTARY COMPRESSION SYSTEM

Francis Jefferson Dy, Nelson Corbita, Jr and Vic Roliver Ilogon Mechanical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRACT

Vaccine transport is of major importance in today's generation where there is a rapid development in technology. It is most crucial in remote places where there is little or no health support. The idea of a portable medicine kit is the best solution to this problem. The portable medicine kit aims to transport the vaccine kept at a temperature range of 2˚C to 8˚C. In order to provide the temperature range that can maintain the quality of vaccines, the use of a DC rotary compression system was applied to the medicine kit. The system was installed with a mini compressor to achieve portability in the design. The compressor used was about two inches in diameter, three inches in height, and weighs one and a quarter of pounds. The 24V compressor was then connected to two 12V rechargeable batteries in series. It is fitted with a solar panel as a source of charging power. The tests conducted show that the installation of the solar panel could increase the operation hours at an optimum level. With the context of portability, low temperature, and long-time of operation away from the electrical grid, the design is the ultimate solution to low temperature vaccine delivery.

KEYWORDS: Mini Compressor, Solar Panel, DC Rotary Compression System, Portable

SYSTEM MONITORING AND SYSTEM CONTROL OF THE KNEE JOINT MOVEMENT AND MOTION (OPERATING SERVOMOTOR ACTUATION)

OF WEARABLE LOWER LIMB ROBOTIC EXOSKELETONS IN ASSISTING PARAPLEGIA PATIENTS

Nikko Paulo D Ilar, Lorraine Anthonaitte R Laganao and Gaeza D Lagar Electronics Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Lolit M Villanueva

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

This research aims to develop a system that has the ability and the capability to monitor, and to control the movement and motion of the knee joint of the wearable lower limb robotic exoskeleton in application for paraplegia patients. It facilitates the solving and providing solution of the existing problem regarding the invalid and unsafe movement and motion caused by the robotic exoskeleton itself since, it has the probability and tendency to injure and to harm the impaired leg of the paraplegia patient. The researchers hypothesize that by applying a monitoring system and a control system of the operation, it will have the possibility to reduce the tendency and the chance of the invalid and unsafe movement occurring on the wearable lower limb robotic exoskeleton. The main function of the system is to supervise the motion of the robotic exoskeleton specifically the angular movement and motion at time of operation. This system is comprised of: a) an Arduino microcontroller, and b) Sensors. The Arduino microcontroller functions as the core decision-making process mechanism of the equipment in deciding and in correcting the movement of the actuator. And, the sensors serve as the feedback element mechanism of the equipment providing information and signals corresponding to the parameters which they are tasked to measure where in this study the angle, the acceleration, and the torque. Based from the data and results, the prototype model of the system provides significant changes and corrections in the application of the system to the actuator with regards to the angular movement. It has been concluded that the system device is completely effective in giving solutions to the problem of invalid and unsafe motion of wearable lower limb robotic exoskeletons.

KEYWORDS: Robotic Exoskeleton, Powered Exoskeleton, Paraplegia

THE STUDY ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF R134A(TETRAFLUOROETHANE) IN SERPENTINE COILED CAPILLARY TUBES

AS AN ALTERNATIVE METERING DEVICE FOR PORTABLE MEDICAL COOLING SYSTEMS

Paul Daniel R Casolocan, Mark Edward L del Castillo and Reuven Kerr B Siose Mechanical Engineering Department


ABSTRACT

In most air-conditioning and refrigeration systems, the wide usage of a vapor compression cycle is highly commended due to its practicality, simple construction and maintenance compared to other methods of refrigeration. One main problem that is to be addressed is the portability issue of a cooling device for medical supplies which are needed to be maintained at a certain temperature. The primary focus of this study is to fabricate a geometrically different metering device in the form of serpentine capillary tubes that would suffice in giving out a significant pressure drop characteristic for the portable medical cooling system. The serpentine capillary tubes have predefined geometric properties such as the constant pitch and height while having a varying diameter. The process in fulfilling this study includes the fabrication of the serpentine capillary tubes having pressure gauge readings at every 150 mm increment for a 900 mm length. By having installed the pressure gauge readings at those particular increments we are able to tabulate, analyze and interpret the data from the prototype. The results have shown that the serpentine coiled capillary tubes can provide a significant pressure drop at a value of 100 psig and can be a metering device for a portable system such as a medical cooling system KEYWORDS: Serpentine, Capillary Tube, Metering Device, R134a

AUTOMATED STOCK INVENTORY USING SENSORS (RFID)

Camelle M Atillo, Karen Jane B Lim, Kristoffer O Flores and Wilfredo G Ng, Jr


Ian Giovanni R Pabillaran

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The study focuses on the automation of the stock inventory of blood bank with the integration of RFID sensors. The Mindanao Regional Blood Bank is one of the non-profit organizations whose role is to collect, to process, and to dispense blood. It was discovered that the blood bank still uses manual inventory. This method often causes inaccuracies and time inefficiencies in inventory management. To address these problems in the current inventory system which is employed by the blood bank, an effective automated stock inventory system through the use of RFID sensors is being designed. The automation of the stock inventory contributes to the effective management of inventory like the efficient consumption of time and the accuracy of data. Through data gathered from observation and surveys in the blood bank, it is discovered that the automated system effectively eliminates the logbooks and it is accurate during the testing of tags. It also determines the number of bags of blood left in the storage area in which RFID tags are attached. The tags serve as a sensor that sends off a signal to the processor every time a pack of blood goes out and comes in the storage equipment. The processor sends messages to the central unit to determine how many packs are added or deducted. The status of the number of packs of blood in the storage is displayed in the monitor. The Automated Stock Inventory using Sensors (RFID) for Blood Bank is recommended as it reduces the occurrence of problems mentioned by the Blood Bank. Further development of the study including all classifications of blood in tagging, directing it to an online database where other regional offices can have access, and adjusting the size of the antenna without affecting the current range use by the system is recommended.

KEYWORDS: RFID, RFID Sensors, RFID Tags

A PLANT DESIGN PROJECT ON THE PRODUCTION OF CHLOROBENZENES FROM BENZENE AND CHLORINE

Charles John B Catan Chemical Engineering Department

Email: [email protected]

Melba T Mendoza Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

This study is about the design of a plant that has to produce 20,000 MT of monochlorobenzene (MCB) per year and not less than 2,000 MT dichlorobenzene (DCB) per year. The basic principle behind the manufacturing of MCB is the chlorination of benzene (Friedel-Craft reaction). The products of such reaction would be MCB, DCB, trichlorobenzene and the higher chlorinated benzenes. In this study, industrial chlorination of dry benzene with

pure gaseous chlorine is carried out in the liquid phase at 55℃ with ferric chloride catalyst produced in situ to produce MCB, DCB and hydrogen chloride gas (HCl). It was determined that 89.27% of benzene fed to the reaction system converted into products, and the rest are recovered and recycled back to the system. The gaseous products were purified by passing these through the condenser and activated carbon adsorber. The HCl has to contain less than 250 ppm of organic impurities. After being washed to remove HCl impurities and fed to a column to separate benzene for recycling, MCB and DCB were then separated as final products such as 99.7% and 99.6% pure, respectively. Series of optimization and modifications were done to meet the requirements and made the production as profitable as possible. It was determined that the payback period of about 9 months would give around 100% return on investment based on the MCB main product.

KEYWORDS: Continuous Stirred Tanks Reactors, Chlorination, Chlorobenzenes

ALTERNATIVE PAYMENT IN TAXICABS

Jed Darryl Anayron, Alvin Ronnie Caballero Jr, Franz Daryl Magrina and Rose Catherine Wayan


Franklin Rey A Pacquiao

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The project is a partial system that uses the G-Cash platform as an alternative payment in taxicabs. The primary objective is to show that paying taxi fare using mobile money is possible. Because of the limitations on the use of an actual taximeter, the investigators decided to simulate the action of an actual taximeter and introduce an electronic system of payment where a payer uses SMS to pay the taxi fare. The LCD is used to display the amount of fare. The GSM shield allows the communication between the passenger and the system; and the microcontroller is used to interface the LCD and the GSM shield. The microcontroller then receives this data extracts only the necessary information, and informs the passenger whether the payment made is correct, insufficient or in excess. The investigators tested the system on its responses on the transaction and on its accuracy in time response; the results were highly convincing. The investigators believe that further research and development of the project/device could bring a huge impact to the convenience and safety of the passengers and drivers, and to the era of mobile money payment in different types of transportation.

KEYWORDS: G-Cash, Taxicabs, Mobile Money, Taximeter, SMS, Microcontroller, LCD, GSM,

DESIGN OF A DOMESTIC WATER FILTER USING MORINGA OLEIFERA PELLETS

Rose May B Igdon and Kimberly Ann A Ma Chemical Engineering Department Email: [email protected]

Edwin Richard R Ortiz

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Water treatment systems have been modified and engineered using Moringa oleifera seeds as primary coagulant because it has water soluble cationic coagulant proteins which decrease the turbidity of surface water. Moreover, Moringa oleifera has Flo peptides, anitimicrobial peptides, which are specifically found in these plants. This study, however, takes a different path from what has already been studied by many researchers; Moringa oleifera seeds, in this context, are used as a household filter medium. Filtration is a process wherein the suspended solids are reduced by passing through a porous material or a permeable fabric. This method has been the oldest and simplest way of removing water contaminants. There are also different types of filtration: slow and rapid sand filtration, diatomaceous earth filtration, direct filtration, packaged filtration, membrane filtration and cartridge filtration; each of these types has their own advantages and disadvantages. Cartridge filtration has the advantage over all the other types when it comes to groundwater treatment with low turbidity levels since it is easy to operate and maintain. This type of filtration makes use of a physical process where water is trained through a porous media. Since Moringa oleifera’s capability as a coagulant has been proven, this study paves way for its ability to adsorb. It was found that the MO filter had 10%, 1%, 28% and 54% difference on the initial and final values of the turbidity, pH, SS and color, respectively but the bacteria count in terms of total coliform were not reduced by the filter. Although turbidity and SS was reduced, it still did not pass the standard for drinking water. Furthermore, the MO filter was compared with a commercially available activated carbon filter and according to the statistical analysis of data, it shows that the two filters are at par with each other since the difference between their reduction performance is statistically not significant.

KEYWORDS: Moringa Oleifera, Water Treatment, Cationic Coagulant Proteins, Adsorbent, Fllter

mailto:[email protected]

ELECTRIC GENERATING FLOOR MAT WITH INSTRUMENTATION

Alon Navarra, John Talandron and Andrew Coloso Mechanical Engineering Department


Alfredo T Buten Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another according to the Law of Conservation of Energy. Whenever a foot is moving, kinetic energy is transformed as heat energy. That is an insight, that power can be generated by human footsteps. The study aims to provide a floor mat connected to an instrumentation display that will be placed in the most crowded entrances. Specifically, it attempts to verify the amount of power produced per footstep in two different electric generators, amount of power stored per day in a battery and the number of mobile phones that can be charged with the energy gained from the footsteps. Tests are conducted to determine the result of a given average of 250 footsteps occurred in each electric generator. A single footstep in Lifetech AP1200 Liquid Filter can generate 0.0208W on average basis. The Singer Sewing Machine Motor can generate 0.00141W on average basis. Thus, the total power stored in the battery with 500 footsteps is 5.561W. A 5.5Whr battery of a mobile phone can be fully charged in approximately an hour, which is 5.5W of power needed. The result shows that the numbers of mobile phones that can be charged is dependent on the number of footsteps on the floor mat. Also the power generated in a single footstep depends the capacity of the generator used and its number of rotations in a single footstep.

KEYWORDS: Footsteps, Generator, Battery

FULL SCALE FLEXURAL INVESTIGATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM BLOCK ADAPTED FROM HABITAT FOR HUMANITY

Al Jhon D Salvaña, Jose Lorenzo D Bucton, Michael Angelo N de Guzman and Ralph Jan C Orque


Gerardo P Apor Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Reinforced concrete has developed into one of the most essential building materials and is widely used in the construction field. The effectiveness, the strength and the stiffness of reinforced concrete make it an ideal material for a broad range of structural applications. Concrete hollow blocks, a building material commonly used for the walls of buildings, retaining walls and monuments, generally provide great compressive strength. Concrete hollow blocks are best suited to structures with light transverse loading when the cores remain unfilled to substitute the bulk of materials used in making the conventional reinforced concrete beam. Reinforced concrete beam-blocks are beams which are made of piled hollow blocks assembled together to form a horizontal structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. The study focused on the investigation of the flexural strength as well as the beam-block’s material properties as an experimental substitute for the conventional reinforced concrete beam. The study also developed a theoretical mathematical expression, which describes the behaviour of the reinforced concrete beam-block, as a tool for the study and analysis of the reinforced concrete beam-blocks under short term monotonic loads. The test are performed in accordance with the American Standard for Testing and Materials (ASTM) namely ASTM C78/C78M (third-point loading) /ASTM C293 (center-point loading) for flexural strength test. There are 9 tested specimens; some tested specimen exceeds to the limiting value of single monotonic load, which came from the calculation done using the fundamentals of reinforced concrete design. The limiting value of its load capacity should not exceed to 800 kg-850 kg of single point mass; which from the result of testing, the load capacity of 9 specimen reach to 573 kg, 1047 kg, 1013.53 kg, 911.42 kg, 844.14 kg, 1013.35 kg, 945.06 kg, 844.14 kg and 911.42 kg, respectively.

KEYWORDS: Concrete Beam, Flexural Strength, Concrete Hollow Blocks, Compressive Strength

MALUNGGAY (MORINGA OLEIFERA) DRIER USING AIR CONDITIONER CONDENSER

Ralph Marion R Marfa, John Renzel T Rivera, Tracy Keenan P Eduria Mechanical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]


ABSTRACT

Moringa Oliefera or commonly known as Malunggay has been known for a good source of nutrients and vitamins for decades. Powdering it by drying has been the quickest way in obtaining the nutrients from it. But since the plant has a repugnant taste, the people prefer not to eat it anymore. Drying the leaves produces 10 times more vitamin A, 17 times more calcium, 15 times more potassium, and 75 times more iron than the fresh leaves. The cost of drying is expensive and needs fuel to produce heat energy – which will be needed to extract or lessen the moisture content of the leaves in order to be powdered. Since there is waste heat coming from air conditioners thrown out to the environment, drying the leaves using the waste heat from the air conditioner can be an alternative way of drying it as part of a waste heat recovery system. The data gathered from the experiment are the temperature of the exhaust air which is 48 degree Celsius and the weight for sample testing for the Moringa Oliefera is 25 grams. After 30mins of drying, the weight reduced to ten grams. The data gathering was based on a 30 minute interval for 1 day with an initial weight of 25 grams. The found moisture was at 7% in 12 hours. The data will be used to design an efficient drying system that will foster an energy efficient drying process for the Moringa Oliefera leaves.

KEYWORDS: Driers, Air Conditioner, Waste Heat Recovery System

OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC AMPLIFICATION FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM USING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

Gyver A Alindajao, Stephanie B Pajo and Neil Ryan Tecson Electronics Engineering Department


Franklin Rey A Pacquiao Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

This study is an innovation in application for the existing photovoltaic system. It aims to introduce a photovoltaic system with the addition of proper optics and electronics technique that can supply energy to rechargeable batteries with artificial light as the source of the solar panel. The proposed system consists of an optical amplifier, which are mirrors, and an electronic amplifier; which is the operational amplifier circuit current amplifier to boost the power output of the solar panel. In the experimentation, the optimum set-up is established through the principles of optics. After which, a system with solar panel and mirror only, a system with solar panel and op amp circuit only, and a system with both mirror and op amp circuit are being compared. The power outputs of each system are statistically analysed. As a result, the photovoltaic system yields statistical analyses proving the statistical importance of the amplifiers. The overall performance of the use of both amplifiers yields greater power output among all set-ups. With respect to its charging capabilities, the system is able to gain energy above a certain break-even point as time goes by. Therefore, the aid of the amplifiers enables the system to deliver power to the rechargeable batteries as an energy-producing system.

KEYWORDS: Artificial Light, Photovoltaic System, Optical Amplifier, Electronic Amplifier

PROTOTYPE HYBRID “KULIGLIG” (GASOLINE-ELECTRIC) FOR AGRICULTURAL TRANSPORT

Jorim Y Tabiliran, Kenit Ronald J Luminarias and Janlex Lorenzo T Salupado Mechanical Engineering Department



ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study is to design a hybrid “kuliglig” (Gasoline – Electric) that will be used as agricultural transportation and that will be cost effective in terms of fuel economy using a direct current (DC) motor in the design. The researchers fabricated a prototype “kuliglig” using a 6.5 horsepower gasoline engine and a 5 horsepower DC motor. The setup of the prototype is a series-parallel hybrid concept to achieve fuel efficiency. In order to achieve fuel efficiency, the design must be lightweight. The design must also withstand 100 kilograms of load. The prototype will be tested in a lawn terrain and a concrete terrain. It will be tested at 200 meters with a gasoline engine and 100 meters with a DC motor to establish a certain “push” for the DC to start. To attain the amount of money saved in using the DC motor, the researchers will compare its cost in making the prototype move and compute for the fuel efficiency of the prototype vehicle.

KEYWORDS: Kuliglig, Hybrid Vehicle, Fuel Economy, Agricultural Transport

STARCH- LIGNIN BASED BIOPOLYMER SUPPORT FOR UREA FERTILIZER IN A CONTROLLED RELEASE SYSTEM

Monique Leah E Cagatin, Jennifer A Juanico and Russel B Lambunao Chemical Engineering Department


Hercules R Cascon Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

This research aims to produce a slow release fertilizer system composed of urea supported in a biopolymer matrix. The unique property of cheap biodegradable materials – the hydrophilic starch (S) and hydrophobic lignin (L) exemplifies an effective biopolymeric control release system for the highly water soluble fertilizer. Lignin in aqueous solution form was extracted from saw dust using acid-base system and was verified through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization. It was found that the physical properties (pliability, elasticity and integrity) of the produced biopolymer are strongly related of the component proportion. The 60:40 (S:L by mass) proportion showed optimum water absorbance of around 44%. For this proportion, the biopolymer’s degradation characteristic was determined through controlled exposure to soil for 30 days in terms of CO2 released. 65% of the total theoretical CO2 available in the polymer was evolved in a first order mineralization kinetic rate of 0.0509 %CO2/day. The controlled release characteristic of the biopolymer-supported urea fertilizer was measured through quantification of released nitrogen during its exposure to soil. Among the treatments investigated, the 80:20 urea-biopolymer formulation exhibited significantly slower release of urea in soil relative to that of the unsupported urea sample.

KEYWORDS: Biopolymer, Urea Fertilizer, Starch-Lignin, Biodegradation, Saw Dusts

A PROPOSITION OF SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE FOR HOME BUILDERS BY ADAPTING A GREEN

BUILDING RATING SYSTEM

Sheila P Carbon, Mark Joseph B Garcia Karl Andrei Peñaranda and Carlos Miguel A Sagrado

Civil Engineering Department Email: [email protected]


ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study is to develop a sustainable and economical building design. The main objective of the study is to present a design of sustainable residential structure based on the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) model green home building guidelines for Home Building. In addition, this paper also aimed to present the design and technology used in designing the sustainable residential house and to show an evaluation of design and cost expense (energy consumption and construction estimate) of the sustainable residential structure. This study involves a comparison of the total consumption of the design system alternatives. The criteria for designing the sustainable residential structure by adaption of green building rating system, NAHB model green building guidelines: 1) Water efficiency-Rainwater harvesting system; 2) Energy efficiency – Light Emitting Diode (LED) lighting, Day lighting and Air flow (Roof pitch). The study is to be conducted in Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental. Life-cycle Cost (LCC) analysis (ASTM E917-02) is applied in this study to determine whether the initial cost of the sustainable residential structure or building system is economically reasonable by reductions of future cost when compared to the conventional residential structure. Based on the results obtained, it was found out that the sustainable design systems will generate savings compared to the conventional design system.

KEYWORDS: Sustainable Building, Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, Rainwater Harvesting, NAHB

A STUDY OF AN OCEAN WAVE DRIVEN AIR PUMP SYSTEM PRODUCING MECHANICAL WORK

Gielino C Victohay and Alexis G Hibaya Mechanical Engineering Department



ABSTRACT

71% of the earth’s surface is covered by ocean. There is approximately 1TW to 10TW of wave energy in the entire ocean, and an enormous part of which are unutilized. With the world’s problem today on global warming due to the burning of hydrocarbon fuels to produce energy for consumption, an alternative way towards producing clean and sustainable energy is herein introduced. The research aims to design, fabricate, and evaluate the experimental ocean wave driven air pump system that would theoretically work with wave height below and equal to the stroke capacity of the air pump. A three-blade Savonius turbine enclosed in a housing is fabricated to operate with a concentrated flow of air. The air flow is caused by the fabricated air pump which is driven by ocean waves. Data on waves with cycle speed of 2 seconds and heights 0.1m, 0.2m, 0.3m and 0.4m are tested by the researchers with 10 trials. Results obtained from the system showed potential. At a full stroke the highest attained shaft rpm is 112 – which is more than the expected shaft rpm value of 100. Concerns like the small quantity generation of torque could be resolved by further development of the system.

KEYWORDS: Ocean waves, Air flow, Turbine Work, Generator, Electricity.

PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL THROUGH TRANSESTERIFICATION OF OIL EXTRACTED FROM CHORELLA VULGARIS

CULTURED IN A PHOTOBIOREACTOR

Loraine Jecca Bade, Nece Jean Tagam and Rey Michael Tagarao

Chemical Engineering Department Email: [email protected]

Hercules R Cascon

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

This study aims to produce biodiesel through transesterification of oil extracted from Chlorella vulgaris. The Chlorella vulgaris strain is cultured in a photobioreactor with the supply of light, urea source, complete fertilizer and air. The researchers studied the behavior of the growth rate curve of the algae using: urine as urea source; and using urea commercial fertilizer as the urea source. Both medium is supplemented with complete fertilizer. It was found out that using the urine based medium, the optimum growth rate condition should have the concentration of 6mL urine per 500mL of medium. Using the commercial urea based medium, the optimum growth rate condition is found at the 30g per 1 ton of solution ratio. The calculated specific growth rates for each medium are 0.0134 and 0.0179 per hour. Comparing the two results shows that using commercial urea in culturing the algae will give the highest optimum growth rate condition. The performance of the growth rate of the C. vulagris was investigated, and was found out that the inhibition of growth rate was due to salt stress induced by the urine. The algal oil was extracted using n-hexane as the lipid solvent in the soxhlet apparatus. The total oil yield was 26.38% dry weight basis. The NaOH-catalyzed transesterification reaction in this experiment proceeds to 54.71% conversion of oil to methyl ester with 28.04% unreacted triglyceride. The reaction also produced trace amount of soap due to the presence of free fatty acid and water. The measured density of the biodiesel is 0.876 g/mL, a value which is within the ASTM biodiesel standard (0.860-0.900 g/mL). The acid value of the biodiesel was found to be 0.13 that is also within the standard. Thus, with 26.38% oil yield and good biodiesel properties, C. vulgaris is a potential renewable feedstock for biodiesel production. Certain recommendations are cited to further improve the study.

KEYWORDS: Algal oil, Biodiesel, Biofuel, Microalgae, Transesterification, Urine

PROPELLER DESIGN FOR THE PROPOSED XAVIER UNIVERSITY WIND POWER GENERATOR

Dane Mark Bacanto, Phillip Beijinsun Po, and Marion Jemuel Pinongcos Mechanical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Rogelio C Golez, Jr

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

This study was organized with a primary purpose of developing a wind powered electric generator for the use of supplying power to small gadgets in the College of Engineering building of Xavier University. With that being said, the mechanical engineering group's research study focuses in the design of a suitable and adaptable wind turbine that will provide the main power to drive the generator; considering that wind speeds in the said area are significantly low. Moreover, through research and computation, a suitable design, which is a combination of the Darrieus and Savonius wind turbines, was developed to meet the given conditions of the area. However, during the testing period, test results showed that the developed design yields only an average of 30.2 revolutions per minute (rpm) at wind speeds of 5.53 m/s – which is lower compared to Savonius blade, and faster than Darrieus blade, when tested individually. (Darrieus, 21.55 rpm at 5.41 m/s and Savonius, 32.3 rpm 5.39 m/s) Nevertheless, the combined design delivers more torque and will be able to drive a generator better than the two.

KEYWORDS: Wind Turbine, Darrieus, Savonius, Revolutions per Minute, Torque

ADSORPTION USING PELLETIZED RICE HUSKS FLOUR FOR THE REMOVAL OF SURFACTANTS

Paolo Gabriel R Ong, Jean Claire J Dagpin and Maris Stella L Lamorin Chemical Engineering Department


Christylene S Balagtas Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT Rice husk is a by-product of rice milling. After extracting the rice, these husks are dumped as waste and become a possible source of problems which affects not only the environment but also humans and other living organisms. Thus, this study presents an alternative use of rice husks. It does not only reduce the volume of waste rice husks but also use it as an adsorbent which removes surfactants from domestic wastewater. To form it into pellets, rice husk flour was mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose as the rheology modifier, cement as the binder and distilled water. The pellets produced resulted to the following physical properties: dimensions of 0.5 mm in length and 0.3 mm in diameter; apparent density of 0.325 g/cm3, respectively. Evaluation for the removal of surfactant from synthetic solutions at varying initial concentrations (0, 10, 30, 60 and 80 mg/L) was carried out to determine its adsorption capacity. Based from the results, the RHF pellets were effective in removing surfactants at lower concentrations of 10mg/L and 20 mg/L. The highest percent adsorption is 88% at concentration of 10 mg/L. The best adsorption isotherm that fits the behaviour of the rice husks flour pellets was found to be the Linear Isotherm which has an R2 value of 0.7584. The potential of the RHF pellets on removing surfactants on actual sample of domestic wastewater was also tested and was found to be effective at a percent removal of 50 %.

KEYWORDS: Adsorption, Surfactants, Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate

ANALYSIS OF POWER QUALITY IN SOCIAL SCIENCE BUILDING OF XAVIER UNIVERSITY

John Rey B Bajuyo, Howard B Bayno, Michael M Monsendo, Dan Lyndon C Galamiton and Billy I Tamiok

Electrical Engineering Department E-mail: [email protected]

Dondanon A Bajarla Jr

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Previously, power availability was the main concern of end users, but as technology advanced in recent years, power quality has become a major concern as it affects the transmission system down to the end-use devices. Power quality determines the condition of electrical power to consumer devices. In this study, the power quality of the Social Science Building in Xavier University is analysed. The researchers focus on analysing the voltage and power characteristics which affect the electrical distribution system throughout the building. The researchers conduct readings and monitoring on the average power supplied and distributed in the building with different time intervals for a given period. Through analysis of the monthly electricity (kWHr) usage history, as-built plan, energy usage, and load inventory of the building, the quality of distributed power is measured. Based on this analysis, there exists some irregularities in the power system at a desired load and at a given time. These power quality problems, such as voltage fluctuations also quite frequently are indicative of safety issues that may need immediate corrective action. In the researchers’ pursuit of green energy through environmental engineering, the group also includes in the study the analysis of carbon dioxide emission from the building in relation to energy and power consumption. Finally, some solutions to mitigate these power quality issues are presented. At the end of the study, the goal was to promote total energy efficiency in the building. Awareness of these energy issues would start making a difference in the University and aims to create bigger impact in the society in time.

KEYWORDS: Mitigation, Power Quality, Voltage Fluctuation, Carbon-Dioxide Emission

BRIDGE EVALUATION OF GOV. YSALINA BRIDGE, KAGAY-AN BRIDGE AND MAHARLIKA BRIDGE

Ebony Kirstie C Abogado, Amiel Kirby D Balbin and Annissa M Ibrahim Civil Engineering Department



ABSTRACT

A bridge is considered to be a key element in any transportation system. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential components of any bridge management program to ensure structural integrity and user safety (FHWA, 2005). Maintaining this system is vital for public safety, societal well-being, and economic productivity and growth. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the current serviceability of the three major bridges of Cagayan de Oro City namely, Gov. Ysalina Bridge, Kagay-an Bridge and Maharlika Bridge. The study is limited only to the evaluation of the deck, drains and other bridge elements (luminaire, railing and etc). The bridges were inspected and rated according to the Department of Public Works and Highways’ (DPWH) Bridge Inspection Manual and Bridge Condition Rating. The condition rating indicates a condition state of 0-good, 1-fair, 2-poor and 3-bad. Each number describes the severity of defect, type of damage and condition of the bridge element. The study also conducted a Traffic Volume Count and Vehicle Classification Survey to calculate the peak hour factor and peak rate of flow and determine the traffic condition of the bridges. Each span of the bridge was inspected and each element rated. A number of defects such as cracks, scaling, clogged drains, missing railings and rusting luminaire poles were found in the deck, drains and other bridge elements. Gov. Ysalina Bridge and Maharlika Bridge have congested traffic flow. The researchers recommend immediate maintenance actions to address the defects for the bridges to continue to serve its purpose.

KEYWORDS: Bridge Condition Rating, Bridge Inspection, Deck Surface Evaluation

CONVERSION OF HUMAN FAECES FROM URINE-DIVERSION DEHYDRATION TOILET TO BIOCHAR BY

HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION

Mannah Antonette C Octobre, Diana Grace L Abarquez and Symphony S Dajay Chemical Engineering Department


Sheirlyn S Paclijan Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Human faeces can be used as soil amendment; however, the pathogens present in the faecal matter can cause health problems to the community. The study aims to produce a biochar from human faeces by using hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process as an effective soil amendment. The faeces were subjected to high temperature of 180°C and pressure of 10 bars in an anaerobic condition for three hours. The biochar produced in the study through HTC showed high nutrient retention in nitrogen and organic matter after the carbonization process. However, there is a decrease in the phosphorus content of the solid part of the product, where some of phosphorus content might be found in the liquid part of the product. Also, the amount of helminth eggs, specifically Ascaris ova, decreased considerably from 20-25 μL to 0-0.3 μL after carbonization. The soil incorporated with biochar showed an increase in water holding capacity from a rate of 0.063 mL water/g soil to 0.151 mL/g, as well as increase in total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen content after the stabilization period of biochar into the soil. The increase of TOC and nitrogen content of the soil was well associated with the change in pH upon the addition of biochar.

KEYWORDS: Human Faeces, Hydrothermal Carbonization, Helminth Eggs, Biochar

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS PLANTED WITH HORSETAIL, NAPIER GRASS AND GUINEA GRASS

Ian Carlo V Aguirre, Faisalin B Armama and Arniel L Belarmino Chemical Engineering Department Email: [email protected]

Marco Theodore E Escaño

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT Domestic wastewater treatment is important before discharging it to be used for other purposes. One type of this domestic sewage is greywater. It is a wastewater that is generated from laundry, bathroom and dishwashing. In this study, synthetic wastewater and greywater from Xavier University’s canteen are treated in a pilot-scale subsurface flow constructed wetland planted with horsetail, napier grass and guinea grass. The contaminants present in the synthetic wastewater and greywater measured in Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentrations vary greatly in composition. The removal rates of the constructed wetland on these parameters are determined by obtaining samples during the 3rd, 5th and 7th day of operation.

KEYWORDS: Subsurface Flow Wetland, Domestic Wastewater, BOD, COD

ENHANCED TWO-STAGE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION USING WATER ELECTROLYSIS

Sugar Estrada and Larry Andrew Galeon Chemical Engineering Department Email: [email protected]

Melba T Mendoza

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

Two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) using electrolysis at mesophilic temperature was investigated in this study against two-stage AD without electrolysis in terms of chicken manure to shredded corrugated cardboard ratio (CM/SCC), biogas generation (m3 CH4 – H2 per kg Volatile Solid) and hydrolysis/acidification bioreactor (HAB) and methanogenesis bioreactor (MEB) pH and temperature behaviors. The system consisted of two separate reactors, HAB and MEB, with the former fed with CM and SCC, and the latter with neutralized leachate taken from the HAB. A separate electrolysis set up was used to produce oxygen and hydrogen that was purged to the HAB and MEB respectively at regular intervals. It was found that the optimum CM/SCC ratio is 7:5. Moreover, it was found that the biogas generation of the system with electrolysis (6.659E-03 m3/kg VS) is greater than that of without electrolysis (6.553 E-03 m

3/ kg VS); however, the difference was not significant at α = 0.05. Probable

reasons for the poor biogas generations were (1) disposal of CO2 from the HAB which could have been used for hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in the MEB, (2) presence of leaks in the plastic bioreactors caused by the high pressure of the system and the acidity of the feed, (3) partial acidification in the HAB and (4) insufficient rate of leachate neutralization in the MEB.

KEYWORDS: Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion, Water Electrolysis, Methanogenesis, Volatile Solids

THE EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY CORN HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE

Jade C Genova, Tim Joseph Bete, Claint Elwood Baylon and Kerby John H Mallari Civil Engineering Department



ABSTRACT

Corn husk ash (CHA) is a by-product from burning the corn (Zea mays) husks, the outer membranous covering of corn grain. This paper investigates the viability of regular corn husk ash to be used as a partial replacement of cement in concrete in order to enhance the reduction of corn husk wastes, optimize the durability of concrete, reduce the cost of concrete production and the impact of cement production to the environment. The investigation covers the permeability, shrinkage resistance and compressive strength of concrete containing 5%, 10% and 20% corn husk ash. Mixture proportions were determined using the American Concrete Institute (ACI) design standards. Compressive strength, permeability and shrinkage testing on hardened concrete was performed using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C 39, C 642 and C 157standards, respectively. The results of the experiment showed that the shrinkage resistance of ordinary concrete and the different concrete with corn husk ash (CHA) did not differ much due to slow length change of concrete after 56 days of measurement. However, the partial replacement of corn husk ash had decreased the compressive strength and increased the permeability of concrete due to large cellular particles of CHA. The workability of concrete decreased and more water was added to the concrete as the partial replacement of corn husk ash increases. Though CHA had less contribution towards the concrete shrinkage, the 5% replacement rate for cement showed an increasing compressive strength trend from the 7th to 28th day but less than the compressive strength of ordinary concrete. However, an important pozzolan characteristic is the slow development of strength which implies that 5% corn husk ash concrete might develop the required strength at a later stage or more than the 28th day curing. Thus, the 5% replacement of cement by corn husk ash has the potential to be a cement replacement in concrete.

KEYWORDS: Permeability, Shrinkage Resistance, Workability, Pozzolan, Corn, Corn Husk

A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON MARANAO ETHNIC FOODS PRODUCTION PROJECT FOR PASALUBONG CENTERS

Analiza P Ortiz and Jun-Ed M Mulat Industrial Engineering Department

Glenn B Paclijan

Adviser

ABSTRACT

Maranaos who are known as people of the Lake have so many delicacies that are unique and distinct from other regions. Some of which are the following: dodol, tiatag, browa, amik, tamukonsi, barebed, tapay, wadit or biko among the Visayans and other sweets and desserts which are very palatable to the tastes of so many Maranaos and even the Non-Maranaos and are only served during special occasions. Among the most commonly processed delicacies, there are only four (4) products this research focused on; these are Tiatag, Dodol, Browa, and Tamukunsi. The project generally aimed to provide mechanized facilities/equipment which will be available and accessible to all ethnic food producers in the Municipality of Piagapo, Lanao del Sur. The acquisition of the proposed equipment will help the proponent hasten their production processes. Through this, it will then be possible to introduce the idea of passing the skills and type of business in cooking the products to the younger generations, in that way the value of the ethnic foods will then be preserved. The output of the production is dependent on the raw materials used, labor force and equipment capacity. Rated capacity and production processing time are being determined to get the annual rated capacity of every product which gives 39,725, 61,709, 86,131 and 44,308 pcs of Tiatag, Dodol, Browa, and Tamukunsi respectively less 2% for spoilage allowance and assumed to have 100% capacity utilization. Selling price of each product is determined through production cost per piece plus 25% mark-up to compensate other expenses in the production and an increase of 12% each year to cover up the projected increase of the raw materials and other related expenses. By computing the sales in five years’ time it shows an increasing net income which depicts a good performance of the business. After a series of computations the study achieved positive and increasing percentage on the Profitability, Liquidity, and leverage ratios. Return on Investment is 125.25%, meaning, the project is worth pursuing.

KEYWORDS: Mechanized facilities, Maranaon Delicacies, Hasten Production Process

TECHNOLOGY UPGRADING: ABACA DEFIBERING TECHNOLOGY

Paola Luz Baliwis and Vida Marie Romano Industrial Engineering Department


Glenn B Paclijan Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The proposed technology interventions by Department of Science and Technology (DOST) helps increase the market share of abaca products of the cooperative in Marawi City, the place will be known and may be exposed as the center of the abaca production since they have a very wide land available for abaca plantation. The objectives of the study are to improve and increase the income of the members of the cooperative who are farmers, to establish an income generating project in order to sustain the livelihood and enterprise endeavors in the area and this can be a way to build a peaceful and harmonious relationship with Muslims. Presently, the cooperative has 1,267 hectares of land where they may plant their Abaca plants and a warehouse with a capacity of 1000 kilos. The additional volume (kilo) of Abaca fibers produced and the sales revenue are increased from the current year by 2400% after acquiring the two (2) new stripping machines. To support this, the financial ratios verify it and it is favorable to both the DOST and cooperative, and by that, the proposal was approved by the DOST last October 2012.

KEYWORDS: Increase Market Share, Sustain Livelihood, Favourable, Financial Ratios

TECHNOLOGY UPGRADING OF TUGAYA MULTI-PURPOSE COOPERATIVE HALAL DRESSED CHICKEN PROCESSING

Jeff Roy C Piloton and Rodel Mark L Valesco Industrial Engineering Department

Glenn B Paclijan Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT The poultry industry ranks second to rice in terms of agricultural output in the Philippines. It is one of the most progressive sub-sectors of agriculture in the country with an increase of 4.53% in output as of 2012 based on the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics. Its growth even reaches in the province of Lanao del Sur which is primarily inhabited by Muslims whose foods are restricted to a few selections. With that in mind, the study aims to promote and increase HALAL food production in the province of Lanao de Sur and provide job opportunity for the Muslim farmers. This can be done by enhancing HALAL dressed chicken production through the acquisition of new equipment that would increase the production volume to accommodate demand, minimizes fatigue due to manual dressing of chickens and improve the quality of product. HALAL dressing of chicken is done from butchering with a prayer of the Muslims, washed in the water tub before putting it into the hot water to soften the feathers and then dressed. It will then be washed again after cleansing the insides of the chicken before marinating and finally, will be packed along with the seal of HALAL. The finished product, which is the dressed chicken, is placed in storage and is ready for delivery. Incorporating dressing machine to the dressing process not only improves the quality of product but as well as increases production volume by 300% that is from sixty (60) dressed chicken in a day of approximately 8 hours’ time done purely manual up to two hundred forty (240) dressed chickens in a day through the intervention. Alongside with the expected increase of clients is an estimated increase of 141% from Php 374,222 to Php 902,880 in sales. Based from the projected financial statements, the business will be more profitable as a matter of fact there is an increase from 31% to 49% in Gross Profit ratio for five (5) years.

KEYWORDS: increase Halal food production, dressed chicken, dressing machine

ASSESSMENT OF PAVEMENT MARKINGS AND TRAFFIC SIGNS FOR ROAD SAFETY ALONG SELECTED ROADS AND HIGHWAYS IN

CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Maria Leslie Angelina P Ghan, Marchelyn S Revacca, Rizette Amoury G Rosalejos, Genesis Dane B Tautho and Jestoferson Y Uy



ABSTRACT

Pavement markings and traffic signs are essential factors to be considered in road safety. This study covers the assessment of these facilities in accordance to the design standards provided by the Department of Public Works and Highways of the Philippines (DPWH). It also includes an inventory of the pavement markings and traffic signs of developing institutional areas with noticeable amount of accidents in Cagayan de Oro City namely: Don A. Velez St., Corrales Extension, the Masterson Avenue, Acacia Drive, and Cugman Highway. The main objective of this study is focused on providing data and analysis on the improvement of safety facilities specifically pavement markings and traffic signs that may be present but are in need of rehabilitation for the assessment on road safety. The analysis presents accident assessment summarizing the removal or replacement of signs and markings that are not in accordance to standards. The study uses Traffic Sign Placement Analysis in the design and location of each sign and marking. This will forecast the accident rates for the next ten years to produce a Cost-Benefit Analysis showing a comparison between “do something” and “do nothing” scenario for the Pavement Markings and Traffic Signs. Results of the inventory of each study area revealed that some important warning and regulatory signs and pavement markings are missing, dilapidated, obscure or no longer visible. Thereof, the inventory of this study recommends in detail the appropriate design, installation and replacement of these items alongside cost estimates of labor and materials.

KEYWORDS: Road Safety Assessment, Cost Benefit Analysis, Sign Placement Analysis

ACTIVATED CARBON FROM GIGANTOCHLOA ATTER AS FILTERS FOR EXHAUST OF AUTOMOBILES

IN CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Dean Cris Acabo, Elijah Fuentes and Stephanie Joaquin Chemical Engineering Department Email: [email protected]

Melba T Mendoza

Faculty Adviser

ABSTRACT

The increasing concentration of air pollutants has received great attention from people living in developing urban areas. In Cagayan de Oro City, the relative increase of population and demand for motor vehicles contributes to air pollution. It is also evident that there is a relative abundance of bamboo plants and industries in the areas of Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon. Therefore, this research aimed to prepare activated carbons (AC) from bamboo plants by chemical (KOH) activation and determine its characteristics by proximate analysis and its adsorption capacities to CO produced by gasoline-fired engines. The findings showed that the bamboo-derived activated carbon has relatively high fixed carbon content which is 51.24 ± 2.18, which can possibly amount to better adsorption capacity over other ACs. Thus the activation process was able to increase the fixed carbon content by 139.22%, and reduce the volatile matter by 83.67%. The results of the adsorption capacities experiment showed that the application of bamboo-derived AC as filter showed a great reduction in the CO vol % exhaust concentration compared to the control. In a 20.0 gram amount of AC, it was able to adsorb 0.4475 CO vol % for a 40 second reading.

KEYWORDS: Activated Carbon, Chemical Activation, Proximate Analysis, Adsorption Capacities

EVALUATION OF ROAD AND PAVEMENT OF THE TALAKAG, BUKIDNON TO CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY ROAD

Kimberly A Alia, Camille Emily T Echavez, Napoleon Angelo B Fernan and Leigh Megan B Seno


Anabel A Abuzo and Julie Ann I Dela Cruz

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Talakag, Bukidnon is located south of Cagayan de Oro City. Talakag municipality is known for its agricultural plantations and products. Talakag road services the delivery of agricultural goods and products as well as connects Cagayan de Oro City to other towns and provinces of Bukidnon. Therefore, mobility is dependent on the roadway; primarily because these agricultural goods are being transported by heavy truck and trailer vehicles. These heavy vehicles in turn deteriorate and damage the road pavement. Hence, there is a need to evaluate the road facilities and pavements of Talakag road to ensure the safety of road users and the delivery of goods. The study aims to evaluate, assess and recommend improvements of the road, its geometry, signs and markings and lighting. This study also aims to examine the effect of the truck and trailer volume on the quality of the pavement. Thus, the researchers conducted driver and company interviews, inspection of the pavement and road facilities, examined the Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and growth rate values, and gathered the list of trucking services registered in the area. The study revealed that on a daily basis, a volume of trucks of almost 600 vehicles per day and trailers with different axle types ply on this road during a 24-hour time period. Furthermore, the width of the carriageway and shoulders does not conform to the American Association of State and Highway Transportation Official (AASHTO) standard; the pavement signs and markings are lacking, damaged and faded and there are no existing street lights. Results of the pavement design also revealed that the present thickness (t=250mm) of the pavement will only last for the next 6 years.

KEYWORDS: Pavement Design, Trucks, Trailers, Mobility,Safety

IMPROVING SAFETY IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CAGAYAN DE ORO THROUGH ENGINEERING AND TRAFFIC EDUCATION

Alech Madeleine C Abogado, Ferven B Cabugao, YvanieYorvania V Ebana and Jefferson R Vallente Jr

Civil Engineering Department E-mail: diksanfacebook.com


ABSTRACT

Today’s rate of accidents show how unsafe the country’s roads are; especially to children. Their low assimilation of impeding road dangers, insufficient basic traffic orientation, and school zone vulnerability such as its proximity to arterial highways, make them prone to road accidents more than any other age group. This research aims to assess the Pedestrian Accident Risks exposure of pedestrians on school zones in microenvironments in order to develop mitigating measures for the current increase in accidents among children. This study involved five schools, namely Agusan Elementary School, Bulua Central School, Kauswagan Central School, West City Central School and South City Central School. All schools were surveyed using a walkability survey by means of the Asian Walkability Index to gauge the walking environment within school zones. These areas were also assessed based on their vehicle traffic volume, speed, existing accident data, and traffic safety awareness of the students. The results have shown that vehicles passing along these schools have failed to observe the imposed speed limit in school zones. The overall walkability rating is only 49.93, which would mean that the school zones are poor in terms of pedestrian infrastructure, facilities and vehicle traffic behaviour. Moreover, results for the traffic safety questionnaires showed that most children could not identify a pedestrian lane and a sidewalk, making them more vulnerable to road accidents. The Pedestrian Accident Risk model shows moderate to high risks of pedestrians on all schools especially on crossings. This result deems it necessary to provide engineering measures to reduce the risk of accidents and to develop walkability in school zones.

KEYWORDS: Walkability, Pedestrian Accident, Pedestrian Facility, Spatial Mapping

TRAFFIC EVALUATION OF SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION ALONG SERIÑA STREET AND VAMENTA BOULEVARD OF

CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY

Ruel John B Aguilar, Petalnina C Joloyohoy, Clint Phoebus S Pla and Ada Lynn E Tenestrante

Civil Engineering Department Email: [email protected]

Anabel A Abuzo and Julie Ann I Dela Cruz

Faculty Advisers

ABSTRACT

Traffic congestion has become one of the major problems in urban areas due to the increased volume of vehicles on the road. Congestion becomes one of the primary main concerns in Cagayan de Oro City, which is considered as one of the urbanized cities in Northern Mindanao. An intersection is considered as critical point within the road network because it is where vehicles meet from different directions. The objective of this paper is to evaluate a signalized intersection with the vehicular traffic congestion levels of Cagayan de Oro. The evaluation includes examining the traffic characteristics, quantifying the level of service and determining the factors that affect the congestion. The method includes data collection through intersection survey, intersection analysis that includes traffic analysis of the traffic volume and vehicle composition, capacity and level of service analysis, and traffic evaluation. Signalized intersection along Seriña St. and Vamenta Boulevard is evaluated. Results show that motorcycles have the highest volume of vehicle passing the intersection, followed by public utility jeepneys and motorelas. Results recorded that the intersection has a level of service of LOS E during morning peak hours (7:30-8:30 AM),and a level of service of LOS F for non-peak hours (2:00-3:00 PM) and afternoon peak hours (5:00-6:00 PM) – which experiences more delay with greater than 90 sec per vehicle. LOS E means unstable flow and has intolerable delay and LOS F which means forced flow and traffic jam. Accordingly, the researchers conclude that the main factor affecting high traffic congestion in this intersection is the poor signalling system of the intersection.

KEYWORDS: Traffic congestion, Signalized Intersection, Capacity Analysis, Level of Service

TRAFFIC COUNTERMEASURES FOR LEFT TURN AND RIGHT TURN CONFLICT AT VAMENTA – SERIÑA INTERSECTION,

CAGYAN DE ORO CITY

Hobert E Dayot, Kevin Antoni P Lagumbay and Mark Kelvin P Loor Civil Engineering Department



ABSTRACT

Cagayan de Oro City is considered as one of the most progressive and competitive cities in the country. Due to its fast growing economy, Cagayan de Oro City is experiencing problems in aspects such as traffic management due to an increasing amount of vehicles and pedestrians. The NSCB 2010 claims that the recorded number of motor vehicle registration in Cagayan de Oro in 2009 was 12, 047 however as of 2010, it increased to 44, 406. According to 2002 data compiled by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 21% of crashes and 24% of all fatalities and injuries occurred at signalized intersections. Bad turning ranks 8th overall in the number of accidents. In response to this problem, this paper involves a study of the traffic operations and safety analysis to determine the effective counter measures for left turn and right turn at the Vamenta-Serina intersection since it has the highest number of accidents in a four leg, working signal lights and complete turning movement intersection in Cagayan de Oro City. The survey conducted for left turn and right turn were traffic volume count and conflict count- vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to pedestrian. The delay was computed using the Highway Capacity Manual 2000 Signals Methodology. For the determination of proposed counter measure effectiveness for left turn, the regression analysis was performed to relate the delay and vehicle to vehicle conflict and to determine the percent reduction of delay and conflict. For right turn, the percent reduction of vehicle to pedestrian conflict was used to determine the effectiveness of the proposed countermeasures for right turn. The proposed countermeasures for left turn and right turn conflicts are cycle length optimization, lane width adjustment, additional lanes, left turn displacement, installation of pedestrian signs and signal timing, and vehicle speed reduction. The displacement of left turn on Vamenta Street and Masterson Boulevard has the highest percentage with 39.49% of conflict reduction of vehicle to vehicle conflict. The pedestrian timing has the highest percentage with 95% percentage reduction of conflict reduction of vehicle to pedestrian conflict.

KEYWORDS: Turning, Traffic Volume Count, Delay, Traffic Conflict

fyp journal 2013

Documents

system monitoring

photovoltaic system

system control

water desalination system

air pump system

green building rating

opol misamis oriental

bridge evaluation of